Name: pseudomonas aeruginosa induced lung injury model
Uploaded: 2014-10-29T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 24 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model at JoVE.com

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL105947-01 (YL), HL07829-16 (AM), HL090152 (AM).

Los experimentos con animales fueron aprobados por el Comité de Protección de los Animales y de los Comités Institucionales de Bioseguridad de la Universidad de Illinois en Chicago. NOTA: Todos los procedimientos que involucran pseudomonas deben realizarse con nivel de bioseguridad 2 (BSL2) prácticas, que incluyen pero no se limitan a: la máscara, protección para los ojos, bata o mono, y guantes dobles. Trabajar en la certificación de Bioseguridad gabinete. Tratar a los instrumentos en contacto con las bacterias con desinfectante a base de lejía o cloro dióxido. Use una caja sellada para muestras de transporte. 1. P. aeruginosa cultura y Crecimiento <ol><li> Tienda P. aeruginosa PA103 como una acción bacteriana en un tapón de rosca criovial a -80 ° C. </li><li> Coloque el vial en un estante en una caja con un 70% de etanol mojado toallas de papel y llevarlo al laboratorio de Bioseguridad Nivel 2 (BSL2). </li><li> Racha de las bacterias sobre placas de agar sangre de oveja y crecen a 37 ° C durante ~ 15 horas en una incubadora. </li&gt; <li> En una campana BSL2, rayar las bacterias de la placa con el lazo bacterias y volver a suspender en 5 ml de PBS. </li><li> Guarde el archivo a 4 ° C durante un máximo de 3 meses. Sin embargo, determinar el título cada 2 semanas. </li><li> En serie diluir las bacterias en PBS (por lo general de 1:10 a 1:10 4 7) y la placa de la dilución conocida en placas de agar sangre de oveja. </li><li> Incubar las placas durante ~ 15 h. Recuento de las colonias y calcular formadoras de colonias Unidad (CFU) para determinar la concentración de bacterias. </li><li> Resuspender las concentraciones apropiadas (~ 5 x 10 3 UFC / l) en 0,5 ml de PBS en 1,5 ml crioviales estériles con tapón de rosca. Selle los crioviales y colocarlos en un estante criovial en desinfectantes toallas de papel cargado en una caja de tapa a presión. </li><li> Transporte el cuadro de instalación para animales BSL2. Una vez allí, abrir la caja en el armario BSL2. </li></ol> 2. P. aeruginosa instilación <ol><li> Lleve a cabo la cirugía aséptica supervivencia (guantes estériles, instrumentos estérilesy técnicas asépticas). Utilice un paño estéril para proporcionar una superficie de trabajo para (autoclave) los instrumentos quirúrgicos estériles. Esterilizar los instrumentos utilizando un esterilizador de cuentas caliente entre cada procedimiento de instilación traqueal. </li><li> Pesar los ratones antes de la anestesia. Anestesiar a los ratones con ketamina (100 mg / kg), xilazina (5 mg / kg), en 0,1-0,2 ml de PBS por vía intraperitoneal (ip). Determinar la eficacia de la anestesia por la falta de respuesta al pellizco del dedo del pie. Use un ungüento veterinario en los ojos para evitar la sequedad bajo anestesia. </li><li> Restringir los ratones en un tablero quirúrgico en el gabinete BSL2. </li><li> Identificar el área para el corte hacia abajo. Afeitado esta área y preparar la piel con 3 veces alternando con el alcohol y povidona hisopos de yodo. </li><li> Tratar el área de la incisión con anestesia local (lidocaína), ya que la anestesia es suficiente para una cirugía menor, tales como una incisión en la piel para acceder a la tráquea. </li><li> Haga una pequeña incisión (aproximadamente 5 mm) en la línea media del cuello, y el uso de f romaorceps para mover suavemente el músculo para el acceso a la tráquea. Exponer la tráquea por la disección quirúrgica. </li><li> Dibuje solución de bacterias en una jeringa desechable de 1 ml con aguja 27 G. Para cada ratón, administrar 20-30 l de bacterias a la concentración apropiada (hasta 10 5 CFU cada ratón). </li><li> Insertar la aguja en la tráquea. Inyectar la solución lentamente en el traqueal. </li><li> Asegúrese de que los jadeos de los animales, que por lo general indica que la solución ha alcanzado en el pulmón. </li><li> Cierre la herida con suturas estériles (6-0 monofilamento) en condiciones asépticas. </li><li> Utilice 0,1 mg / kg de buprenorfina por inyección subcutánea como post-op analgesia para controlar el dolor post-quirúrgico. </li><li> Asegúrese de que el tiempo requerido desde la inducción anestésica inicial a la incisión de cierre es inferior a 15 min. </li><li> Después de la inyección, desechar las jeringas y agujas en un recipiente previsto apropiado. </li><li> Tratar a los instrumentos quirúrgicos con DISI basado dióxido de cloronfectant durante 15 minutos, enjuagar y volver al laboratorio para su esterilización y reutilizar cuando sea necesario. </li><li> La casa de los ratones individualmente en jaulas limpias en ambiente cálido. </li><li> Compruebe en el animal cada 30 minutos hasta que se recupera la conciencia y empieza a moverse; y posteriormente a intervalos de 12 h durante los primeros 3 días después de la cirugía. </li><li> Mantener los ratones en las instalaciones de BSL2 animales durante todo el experimento. Asegúrese de que sólo el tejido contenido en la caja sellada salgan de la instalación BSL2 animal. Si los ratones expresan cualquiera de los comportamientos moribundas (definido como dificultad respiratoria, letargo, falta de deambular en respuesta a la estimulación suave) en cualquier punto en el estudio, la eutanasia a los ratones mediante inhalación de CO2 de una fuente embotellada seguido por dislocación cervical. </li><li> La eutanasia el sujeto experimental por desangrado bajo anestesia. <ol><li> Recoger el tejido pulmonar de los ratones sacrificados. Llevar a cabo estos procedimientos en una capucha BSL2. Si es necesario, transferir la muestra utilizando tubos sellados colocados en un rack en desinfectantes toallas de papel cargado en una caja de tapa a presión para su posterior proceso. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

El modelo de lesión pulmonar por Pseudomonas ratón que describimos aquí imita todo el proceso de la inflamación, lesión pulmonar, la reparación, y la resolución que se producen después de una lesión pulmonar aguda o neumonía. Tiene ventajas únicas en comparación con varios otros modelos de lesión, ya que es clínicamente relevante y relativamente seguro y fácil de manejar. El paso crítico en el procedimiento es que la inyección de solución de bacterias tiene que ser muy lent...

Los pulmones están expuestos a los patógenos ambientales y son susceptibles a la inflamación y lesión de 1-3. Durante condiciones patológicas tales como la neumonía o síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto (SDRA), patógenos, así como los factores inflamatorios liberados por los leucocitos inducen lesiones y la muerte de las células alveolares 1-3. Es importante desarrollar modelos animales de lesión pulmonar aguda para facilitar el estudio de la patología de la lesión, así como mecanismo de reparación. En la actualidad, la mayoría de las personas utilizan modelos de lesión pulmonar hyperoxia y bleomicina ratón inducida 4. Sin embargo, los mecanismos de hiperoxia causaron daño no son los mismos que la mayoría de las lesiones pulmonares comunes que se producen durante la neumonía o el SDRA 5. La bleomicina lesión aguda inducida es raro en un contexto clínico 4. Aquí mostramos un modelo de lesión pulmonar de ratón utilizando la inyección intra-traqueal de P. aeruginosa 6,7. Este modelo es clínicamente relevante, e imita el procesos que suceden después de la neumonía 8. Como un patógeno oportunista, nosocomial de individuos inmunocomprometidos, P. aeruginosa típicamente infecta el tracto pulmonar, tracto urinario, quemaduras, heridas, y también causa otras infecciones de sangre 6. Las bacterias liberan factor de virulencia exotoxina A, se multiplican y desencadenan respuestas inmunes 6. Administración intra-de la tráquea de P. aeruginosa refleja la situación en la exposición humana a las bacterias que causan la neumonía y la patología es probable que sea diferente del modelo de lesión informado recientemente de virus de la gripe H1N1 pulmonar inducida 9. Desde P. aeruginosa es un patógeno oportunista, es relativamente seguro de manejar en comparación con algunos de los patógenos más virulentas. Aquí hemos utilizado la inyección intra-traqueal para administrar las bacterias porque se observó que este método introduce más bacterias en la región distal alvéolos del pulmón en comparación conalgunos otros procedimientos, tales como el uso de un catéter a través de la boca. En comparación con otros modelos de lesión pulmonar aguda, la P. aeruginosa modelo aquí descrito es adecuado para el estudio de la lesión pulmonar inducida por bacterias y por la inflamación excesiva. A diferencia de otros modelos animales que utilizan P. aeruginosa para inducir la sepsis 10,11, aquí utilizamos la inyección intra-traqueal de estas bacterias para inducir la lesión pulmonar aguda localizada.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anesthetic: Ketamin, xylazine, lidocaine, buprenorphine</td><td></td><td></td><td>pharmaceutical grade</td></tr><tr><td>27 G needle</td><td>Fisher</td><td>1482648</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>syringe</td><td>Fisher</td><td>14823434</td><td>1 ml</td></tr><tr><td>scissors</td><td>Fine Science tools</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>forceps</td><td>Fine Science tools</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>suture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher</td><td>19-037-526</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eye gauge, glove, gown</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biosafety Cabinet</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>chlorine dioxide based disinfectant</td><td></td><td></td><td>Clidox</td></tr><tr><td>sheep blood agar plates&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Medex supply</td><td>HL-1160</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

pseudomonas aeruginosa induced lung injury model

Con el fin de estudiar la lesión pulmonar aguda humana y la neumonía, es importante desarrollar modelos animales para imitar varias características patológicas de esta enfermedad. Aquí hemos desarrollado un modelo de lesión de pulmón de ratón mediante inyección intra-traqueal de bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa o PA). Utilizando este modelo, hemos sido capaces de mostrar la inflamación pulmonar en la fase temprana de la lesión. Además, la barrera epitelial alveolar leakiness se observó mediante el análisis de lavado broncoalveolar (BAL); y la muerte celular alveolar se observó mediante el ensayo Tunel utilizando tejido preparado a partir de pulmones lesionados. En una fase posterior después de una lesión, se observó la proliferación de células requerido para el proceso de reparación. La lesión se resolvió 7 días desde el inicio de P. inyección aeruginosa. Este modelo imita el curso secuencial de la inflamación pulmonar, daño y reparación durante la neumonía. Este modelo animal clínicamente relevante es adecuado para el estudio de la patología, el mecanismo de reparación, fespués de la lesión pulmonar aguda, y también puede ser utilizado para probar agentes terapéuticos potenciales para esta enfermedad.

A partir de 24 a 72 h después de P. inyección aeruginosa, aumento de la celularidad se observó en secciones de pulmón (Figura 1A-D). El pulmón comenzó a recuperarse a partir de 96 horas después de la lesión (Figura 1E). A los 7 días después de la P. aeruginosa, la morfología normal de los alvéolos fue restaurada en gran medida (Figura 1F). Tinción Túnel secciones usando pulmonares prepararon a 24 h después de P. aeruginosa</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model at JoVE.com

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

We have developed a mouse lung injury model by intra-tracheal injection of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This model mimics lung injury during pneumonia and is clinically relevant.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa inducida por la lesión pulmonar Modelo

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. ...

pseudomonas-aeruginosa-induced-lung-injury-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

18.4K vistas.  University of Illinois at Chicago. We have developed a mouse lung injury model by intra-tracheal injection of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This model mimics lung injury during pneumonia and is clinically relevant. 

Video: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model itself. Early phases of inflammation and infection have been widely studied by using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa agar-beads mouse model, while only few reports have focused on the long-term chronic infection in vivo. The main challenge for long term chronic infection remains the low bacterial burden by P. aeruginosa and the low percentage of infected mice weeks after challenge, indicating that bacterial cells are progressively cleared by the host.
This paper presents a method for obtaining efficient long-term chronic infection in mice. This method is based on the embedding of the P. aeruginosa clinical strains in the agar-beads in vitro, followed by intratracheal instillation in C57Bl/6NCrl mice. Bilateral lung infection is associated with several measurable read-outs including weight loss, mortality, chronic infection, and inflammatory response. The P. aeruginosa RP73 clinical strain was preferred over the PAO1 reference laboratory strain since it resulted in a comparatively lower mortality, more severe lesions, and higher chronic infection. P. aeruginosa colonization may persist in the lung for over three months. Murine lung pathology resembles that of CF patients with advanced chronic pulmonary disease.
This murine model most closely mimics the course of the human disease and can be used both for studies on the pathogenesis and for the evaluation of novel therapies.

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

We describe the agar-beads method to establish persistent long-term chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection in the mouse model.

Crónica a largo plazo<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em&gt; Infección de las vías respiratorias en los ratones

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

A Method for Generating Pulmonary Neutrophilia Using Aerosolized Lipopolysaccharide

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by alveolar neutrophilia, with limited treatment options and high mortality. Experimental models of ALI are key in enhancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram positive bacteria induces neutrophilic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma of mice. Efficient pulmonary delivery of compounds such as LPS is, however, difficult to achieve. In the approach described here, pulmonary delivery in mice is achieved by challenge to aerosolized Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS. Dissolved LPS was aerosolized by a nebulizer connected to compressed air. Mice were exposed to a continuous flow of LPS aerosol in a Plexiglas box for 10 min, followed by 2 min conditioning after the aerosol was discontinued. Tracheal intubation and subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage, followed by formalin perfusion was next performed, which allows for characterization of the sterile pulmonary inflammation. Aerosolized LPS generates a pulmonary inflammation characterized by alveolar neutrophilia, detected in bronchoalveolar lavage and by histological assessment. This technique can be set up at a small cost with few appliances, and requires minimal training and expertise. The exposure system can thus be routinely performed at any laboratory, with the potential to enhance our understanding of lung pathology.

We describe a method for inducing neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation by challenge to aerosolized lipopolysaccharide by nebulization, to model acute lung injury. In addition, basic surgical techniques for lung isolation, tracheal intubation and bronchoalveolar lavage are also described.

Un método para generar pulmonar Neutrofilia Usando aerosol lipopolisacárido

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by alveolar neutrophilia, with limited treatment options and high mortality. Experimental models ...

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

Studying host-pathogen interaction enables us to understand the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenicity during microbial infection. The prognosis of the host depends on the involvement of an adapted immune response against the pathogen1. Immune response is complex and results from interaction of the pathogens and several immune or non-immune cellular types2. In vitro studies cannot characterise these interactions and focus on cell-pathogen interactions. Moreover, in the airway3, particularly in patients with suppurative chronic lung disease or in mechanically ventilated patients, polymicrobial communities are present and complicate host-pathogen interaction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are both problem pathogens4, frequently isolated from tracheobronchial samples, and associated to severe infections, especially in intensive care unit5. Microbial interactions have been reported between these pathogens in vitro but the clinical impact of these interactions remains unclear6. To study the interactions between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, a murine model of C. albicans airways colonization, followed by a P. aeruginosa-mediated acute lung infection was performed.

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

While in vitro study of host-pathogen interactions allow the characterization of specific immune responses, in vivo models are required to observe the effects of complex responses. Using Candida albicans exposure followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated lung infection, we established a murine model of microbial interactions involved in ventilator-associated pneumonia pathogenicity.

El estudio de las comunidades microbianas<em&gt; En Vivo</em&gt;: Un Modelo de anfitrión mediada por la interacción entre<em&gt; Candida Albicans</em&gt; Y<em&gt; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</em&gt; En las vías respiratorias

Studying host-pathogen interaction enables us to understand the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenicity during microbial infection. The prognosis of ...

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Efficacy of candidate antibacterial treatments must be demonstrated in animal models of infection as part of the discovery and development process, preferably in models which mimic the intended clinical indication. A method for inducing robust lung infections in immunocompetent rats and mice is described which allows for the assessment of treatments in a model of serious pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae or A. baumannii. Animals are anesthetized, and an agar-based inoculum is deposited deep into the lung via nonsurgical intratracheal intubation. The resulting infection is consistent, reproducible, and stable for at least 48 h and up to 96 h for most isolates. Studies with marketed antibacterials have demonstrated good correlation between in vivo efficacy and in vitro susceptibility, and concordance between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets determined in this model and clinically accepted targets has been observed. Although there is an initial time investment when learning the technique, it can be performed quickly and efficiently once proficiency is achieved. Benefits of the model include elimination of the neutropenic requirement, increased robustness and reproducibility, ability to study more pathogens and isolates, improved flexibility in study design and establishment of a challenging infection in an immunocompetent host.

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or  A. baumannii

A method for establishing lung infections in immunocompetent rodents is described. With proficiency, this method can be performed quickly and easily to induce stable infection with many isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii.

Un modelo de neumonía en inmunocompetentes robusta roedores para evaluar Eficacia antibacteriana contra<i&gt; S. pneumoniae</i&gt;,<i&gt; H. influenzae</i&gt;,<i&gt; K. pneumoniae</i&gt;,<em&gt; P. aeruginosa</em&gt; o<em&gt; A. baumannii</em

Efficacy of candidate antibacterial treatments must be demonstrated in animal models of infection as part of the discovery and development process, ...

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the pro-inflammatory capabilities of various factors is challenging and requires terminal procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage and the removal of lungs for in situ analysis, precluding longitudinal visualization in the same mouse. Here, lung inflammation is induced through the intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant (SN) in transiently transgenized mice expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of a heterologous IL-8 bovine promoter. Luciferase expression in the lung is monitored by in vivo bioluminescent image (BLI) analysis over a 2.5- to 48-h timeframe following the instillation. The procedure can be repeated multiple times within 2 - 3 months, thus permitting the evaluation of the inflammatory response in the same mice without the need to terminate the animals. This approach permits the monitoring of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors acting in the lung in real time and appears suitable for functional and pharmacological studies.

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

The method described here allows for the visualization of IL-8 promoter-dependent inflammation activation in the lungs of mice through non-invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The same animal can be subjected to BLI multiple times for up to two months from the time of delivery of the luciferase reporter construct.

Un modelo de ratón IL-8 transgénicamente transgéni-<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Monitoreo a Largo Plazo de las Respuestas Inflamatorias

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the ...

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Acid pneumonitis is a major cause of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. Acid pneumonitis spans the clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by neutrophilic alveolitis, and injury to both alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium. Clinically, ARDS is defined by acute onset of hypoxemia, bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Human studies have provided us with valuable information about the physiological and inflammatory changes in the lung caused by ARDS, which has led to various hypotheses about the underling mechanisms. Unfortunately, difficulties determining the etiology of ARDS, as well as a wide range of pathophysiology have resulted in a lack of critical information that could be useful in developing therapeutic strategies.
Translational animal models are valuable when their pathogenesis and pathophysiology accurately reproduce a concept proven in both in vitro and clinical settings. Although large animal models (e.g., sheep) share characteristics of the anatomy of human trachea-bronchial tree, murine models provide a host of other advantages including: low cost; short reproductive cycle lending itself to greater data acquisition; a well understood immunologic system; and a well characterized genome leading to the availability of a variety of gene deletion and transgenic strains. A robust model of low pH induced ARDS requires a murine ALI that targets mainly the alveolar epithelium, secondarily the vascular endothelium, as well as the small airways leading to the alveoli. Furthermore, a reproducible injury with wide differences between different injurious and non-injurious insults is important.
The murine gastric acid aspiration model presented here using hydrochloric acid employs an open tracheostomy and recreates a pathogenic scenario that reproduces the low pH pneumonitis injury in humans. Additionally, this model can be used to examine interaction of a low pH insult with other pulmonary injurious entities (e.g., food particles, pathogenic bacteria).

This protocol induces acute lung injury in a mouse that has close fidelity to the pathogenesis of acid pneumonitis observed in humans. We generate a maximal acute nonlethal low pH lung injury and account for differences in rodent-human anatomic respiratory structure using an open tracheostomy coupled with circumferential pressure release.

La traqueostomía abierta ácido gástrico aspiración modelo murino de lesión pulmonar aguda Resultados en máxima no letal aguda lesión pulmonar

Acid pneumonitis is a major cause of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. Acid pneumonitis spans the clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute ...

Medicina

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Selective intra-bronchial instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the murine left mainstem bronchus causes acute tissue injury with histopathologic findings similar to human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The resulting alveolar edema, alveolar-capillary barrier damage, and leukocyte infiltration predominantly affect the left lung, preserving the right lung as an uninjured control and allowing animals to survive. This model of self-limited acute lung injury enables investigation of tissue resolution mechanisms, such as macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils and restitution of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity. This model has helped identify important roles for resolution agonists, including specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), providing a foundation for the development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with ARDS.

Selective intra-bronchial acid instillation to the left lung in mice results in unilateral and self-limited acute lung injury that models human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by gastric acid aspiration.

Un modelo de lesión pulmonar aguda autolimitada por la instilación unilateral de ácido intrabronal

Selective intra-bronchial instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the murine left mainstem bronchus causes acute tissue injury with histopathologic ...

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major nosocomial pathogen of increasing relevance to human health and disease, particularly in the setting of chronic wound infections in diabetic and hospitalized patients. There is an urgent need for chronic infection models to aid in the investigation of wound pathogenesis and the development of new therapies against this pathogen. Here, we describe a protocol that uses delayed inoculation 24 hours after full-thickness excisional wounding. The infection of the provisional wound matrix present at this time forestalls either rapid clearance or dissemination of infection and instead establishes chronic infection lasting 7&#8211;10 days without the need for implantation of foreign materials or immune suppression. This protocol mimics a typical temporal course of post-operative infection in humans. The use of a luminescent P. aeruginosa strain (PAO1:lux) allows for quantitative daily assessment of bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa wound infections. This novel model may be a useful tool in the investigation of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of new therapies for chronic P. aeruginosa wound infections.

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

We describe a delayed inoculation protocol for generating chronic wound infections in immunocompetent mice.

Un modelo de inoculación tardía de la infección crónica por la herida de Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major nosocomial pathogen of increasing relevance to human health and disease, particularly in the setting of ...

P. aeruginosa Infected 3D Co-Culture of Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Macrophages at Air-Liquid Interface for Preclinical Evaluation of Anti-Infectives

fDrug research for the treatment of lung infections is progressing towards predictive in vitro models of high complexity. The multifaceted presence of bacteria in lung models can re-adapt epithelial arrangement, while immune cells coordinate an inflammatory response against the bacteria in the microenvironment. While in vivo models have been the choice for testing new anti-infectives in the context of cystic fibrosis, they still do not accurately mimic the in vivo conditions of such diseases in humans and the treatment outcomes. Complex in vitro models of the infected airways based on human cells (bronchial epithelial and macrophages) and relevant pathogens could bridge this gap and facilitate the translation of new anti-infectives into the clinic. For such purposes, a co-culture model of the human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell line CFBE41o- and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages has been established, mimicking an infection of the human bronchial mucosa by P. aeruginosa at air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions. This model is set up in seven days, and the following parameters are simultaneously assessed: epithelial barrier integrity, macrophage transmigration, bacterial survival, and inflammation. The present protocol describes a robust and reproducible system for evaluating drug efficacy and host responses that could be relevant for discovering new anti-infectives and optimizing their aerosol delivery to the lungs.

P. aeruginosa Infected 3D Co-Culture of Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Macrophages at Air-Liquid Interface for Preclinical Evaluation of Anti-Infectives

We describe a protocol for a three-dimensional co-culture model of infected airways, using CFBE41o- cells, THP-1 macrophages, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, established at the air-liquid interface. This model provides a new platform to simultaneously test antibiotic efficacy, epithelial barrier function, and inflammatory markers.

P. aeruginosa Co-cultivo 3D infectado de células epiteliales bronquiales y macrófagos en la interfaz aire-líquido para la evaluación preclínica de los antiinfecciosos

fDrug research for the treatment of lung infections is progressing towards predictive in vitro models of high complexity. The multifaceted presence of ...

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. Various approaches have been described, such as the inhalation of aerosolized LPS as well as nasal or intratracheal instillation. The presented protocol describes a detailed step-by-step procedure to induce ALI in mice by direct intratracheal LPS instillation and perform FACS analysis of blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and lung tissue. After intraperitoneal sedation, the trachea is exposed and LPS is administered via a 22 G venous catheter. A robust and reproducible inflammatory reaction with leukocyte invasion, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier is induced within hours to days, depending on the LPS dosage used. Collection of blood samples, BAL fluid, and lung harvesting, as well as the processing for FACS analysis, are described in detail in the protocol. Although the use of the sterile LPS is not suitable to study pharmacologic interventions in infectious diseases, the described approach offers minimal invasiveness, simple handling, and good reproducibility to answer mechanistic immunological questions. Furthermore, dose titration as well as the use of alternative LPS preparations or mouse strains allow modulation of the clinical effects, which can exhibit different degrees of ALI severity or early vs. late onset of disease symptoms.

Presented here is a step-by-step procedure to induce acute lung injury in mice by direct intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and to perform FACS analysis of blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Minimal invasiveness, simple handling, good reproducibility, and titration of disease severity are advantages of this approach.

Inducir lesión pulmonar aguda en ratones por instilación directa de lipopolisacárido intratraal

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa inducida por la lesión pulmonar Modelo

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