Name: ligand nano-cluster arrays in a supported lipid bilayer
Uploaded: 2017-04-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer at JoVE.com

We thank Laurent Limozin, Pierre Dillard and Astrid Wahl for continuing fruitful discussions about cellular applications. We also thank Frederic Bedu from PLANETE cleanroom facility for his help with SEM observations. This work was partially funded by the European Research Council via grant No. 307104 FP/2007-2013/ERC.

1. Cleaning Glass Cover-slides and Observation Chambers
<ol>
	<li>Arrange the glass cover-slides on a multi-slide tray made of an inert material like Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).</li>
	<li>Immerse the tray with slides and the observation chamber in a surfactant solution (any product recommended for cleaning quartz cuvettes is suitable).</li>
	<li>Using an ultrasonic bath, ultra-sonicate in the surfactant solution for 30 min at room temperature (between 20 and 30 &#176;C).</li>
	<li>Rinse 5 times with ultrapure water...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+spreading+and+focal+adhesion+dynamics+are+regulated+by+spacing+of+integrin+ligands.">Cell spreading and focal adhesion dynamics are regulated by spacing of integrin ligands.</a> Biophys J. 92 (8), 2964-2974 (2007).</li><li>Schvartzman, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanolithographic+Control+of+the+Spatial+Organization+of+Cellular+Adhesion+Receptors+at+the+Single-Molecule+Level.">Nanolithographic Control of the Spatial Organization of Cellular Adhesion Receptors at the Single-Molecule Level.</a> Nano Lett. 11 (3), 1306-1312 (2011).</li><li>Mossman, K., Groves, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micropatterned+supported+membranes+as+tools+for+quantitative+studies+of+the+immunological+synapse.">Micropatterned supported membranes as tools for quantitative studies of the immunological synapse.</a> Chem.Soc.Rev. 36 (1), 46-54 (2007).</li><li>Furlan, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphatase+CD45+both+positively+and+negatively+regulates+T+cell+receptor+phosphorylation+in+reconstituted+membrane+protein+clusters.">Phosphatase CD45 both positively and negatively regulates T cell receptor phosphorylation in reconstituted membrane protein clusters.</a> J Biol Chem. 289 (41), 28514-28525 (2014).</li><li>Hsu, C. 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The critical steps within the protocol described above are related to the formation of the protein nano-dots or the back-filling of the space around the dots by a supported lipid bilayer. The first critical step with respect to protein nano-dots is the preparation of the bead-mask. The cleaning of the cover-slide is critical. The slides need to be either cleaned with a detergent solution that is recommended for cleaning quartz cuvettes, or with oxygen plasma. Other cleaning techniques like immersion in ethanol or iso-pro...

Cell adhesion takes place through specialized cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), proteins present on the cell membrane that are capable of binding to their counterpart on the extra cellular matrix or on another cell. On adhered cells, most adhesion molecules including the ubiquitous integrin and cadherin, are found in the form of clusters 1. The interaction of T lymphocytes (T cells) with antigen presenting cells (APCs) provides a particularly striking illustration of the importance of receptor clusters formed at the interface between the two cells &#8212; often called an immunological synapse. Upon forming the first contact with the APC, T cell receptors (TCRs) on the surface of the T cell form micron scale clusters that serve as signaling platforms 2,3,4, and are eventually centralized to form a larger central supramolecular cluster (cSMAC) 5,6,7. Recently, it was shown that on the APC side, the ligands of the TCR are also clustered 8.
In the context of T cell-APC interaction, the deployment of hybrid systems, where the APC is mimicked by an artificial surface functionalized with relevant proteins, has greatly advanced our understanding of the synaptic interface 2,3,4,5,6,7. In this context, it is highly relevant to design APC mimetic surfaces that capture one or more aspects of the target cell. For example, if ligands are grafted on supported lipid bilayers, they can diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, mimic the situation on the APC surface and at the same time allow the formation of the cSMAC 6,7. Similarly, the clusters on the APC have been mimicked by creating islands of ligands in a sea of polymers 9,10,11,12,13,14. However, these two features have so far not been combined.
Here we describe a novel technique to create nano-dots of anti-CD3 (an antibody that targets the TCR complex) surrounded by a lipid bilayer with diffusing lipids. The bilayer is deposited using Langmuir-Blodgett/Langmuir-Schaefer technique 7,15,16 and if desired, could be functionalized with a specific protein &#8212; for example, the ligand of the T cell integrin (called ICAM1). In addition, the anti-CD3 protein dots could be replaced with another antibody or CAM. While we have chosen the proteins for future use as platform for T cell adhesion studies, the strategy detailed here can be adapted for any protein and even DNA.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass coverslips</td>
			<td>Assistent, Karl Hecht KG&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Observation chamber</td>
			<td>Home made</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline surfactant concentrate (Hellmanex)</td>
			<td>Hella Analytics</td>
			<td>9-307-011-4-507</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-sonicator</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Desiccator</td>
			<td>Labbox</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crystallizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Shott</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutravidine</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer Scientifique</td>
			<td>84607</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>P3813</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water MQ&#160;</td>
			<td>ELGA, Veolia France</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silica beads</td>
			<td>Corpuscular Inc</td>
			<td>147114-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APTES</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>A3648</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA-Biotin</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>A8549</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DOPC</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850375C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dansyl-PE</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>810330C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>650471</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gastight syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>Dominique Dustcher , France</td>
			<td>74453</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Film balance</td>
			<td>NIMA</td>
			<td>Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss, Germany</td>
			<td>TIRF-III system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminium Target&#160;</td>
			<td>Kurt J. Lesker Compagny, USA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radio Frequency Magnetron sputtering Syst&#232;me&#160;</td>
			<td>modified SMC 600 tool by ALCATEL , France</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ligand nano-cluster arrays in a supported lipid bilayer

Currently there is considerable interest in creating ordered arrays of adhesive protein islands in a sea of passivated surface for cell biological studies. In the past years, it has become increasingly clear that living cells respond, not only to the biochemical nature of the molecules presented to them but also to the way these molecules are presented. Creating protein micro-patterns is therefore now standard in many biology laboratories; nano-patterns are also more accessible. However, in the context of cell-cell interactions, there is a need to pattern not only proteins but also lipid bilayers. Such dual proteo-lipidic patterning has so far not been easily accessible. We offer a facile technique to create protein nano-dots supported on glass and propose a method to backfill the inter-dot space with a supported lipid bilayer (SLB). From photo-bleaching of tracer fluorescent lipids included in the SLB, we demonstrate that the bilayer exhibits considerable in-plane fluidity. Functionalizing the protein dots with fluorescent groups allows us to image them and to show that they are ordered in a regular hexagonal lattice. The typical dot size is about 800 nm and the spacing demonstrated here is 2 microns. These substrates are expected to serve as useful platforms for cell adhesion, migration and mechano-sensing studies.

The fluorescence images were analyzed to measure the spacing and size of the dots. Typical spacing was found to be 1,900 &#177; 80 nm and typical dot-size was 600 &#177; 100 nm (Figure 1g). The spacing is set by the size of the beads used for the mask. The dot-size is set by the bead-size as well as deposition conditions. The SLB is deposited uniquely around the protein dots and not on them (Figure 2), with perfect complementarity between the holes seen i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer at JoVE.com

Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer

We present a protocol to functionalize glass with nanometric protein patches surrounded by a fluid lipid bilayer. These substrates are compatible with advanced optical microscopy and are expected to serve as platform for cell adhesion and migration studies.

Currently there is considerable interest in creating ordered arrays of adhesive protein islands in a sea of passivated surface for cell biological ...

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