Name: fabrication of myogenic engineered tissue constructs
Uploaded: 2009-05-01T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs at JoVE.com

This work is supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (HL068915; HL088206), a New Researcher Award from the Thrasher Research Fund, and contributions to the Cardiac Conduction Fund at Children's Hospital Boston.

Part 1: Assemble construct casting molds
<ol>
	<li>Use a razor blade to halve silicone tubing (VWR) and cut it into 3 cm long pieces.</li>
	<li>Place a drop of implant-grade RTV silicone adhesive (Rhodia) on the inside of each end of the tubing.</li>
	<li>Quickly place a small piece (1 cm x 1 cm) of polyester mesh (McMaster-Carr) on the silicone adhesive drop and align it with the end of the tubing. This will provide a slightly raised and flat surface for construct attachment. Repeat for the other end.</li>
	<li>Allow ...

<ol>
	<li>Choi, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+conduction+through+engineered+tissue.">Cardiac conduction through engineered tissue.</a> Am J Pathol. 169 (1), 72-85 (2006).</li><li>Rando, T. A., Blau, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+mouse+myoblast+purification,+characterization,+and+transplantation+for+cell-mediated+gene+therapy.">Primary mouse myoblast purification, characterization, and transplantation for cell-mediated gene therapy.</a> J Cell Biol. 125 (6), 1275-1287 (1994).</li><li>Blau, H. M., Webster, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+human+muscle+cells.">Isolation and characterization of human muscle cells.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 78 (9), 5623-5627 (1981).</li><li>Powell, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+human+bioartificial+muscles+expressing+a+foreign+recombinant+protein+for+gene+therapy.">Tissue-engineered human bioartificial muscles expressing a foreign recombinant protein for gene therapy.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 10 (4), 565-577 (1999).</li><li>Vandenburgh, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+skeletal+muscle+organoids+for+reversible+gene+therapy.">Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle organoids for reversible gene therapy.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 7 (17), 2195-2200 (1996).</li><li>Gallop, P. M., Seifter, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+Properties+of+Soluble+Collagens.">Preparation and Properties of Soluble Collagens.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 6, 635-641 (1963).</li></ol>

The molds in which the tissue construct will be cast can be made in any shape and size; however, there needs to be at least two points of attachment. Otherwise, the matrix and cells form a spherical structure and the cells die. In the present protocol, we describe the use of a polyester mesh for this purpose, yet we have also successfully used stainless steel mesh. Obviously, larger molds will require more cells and a larger volume of the other ingredients. When making the molds, it is important to minimize the amount of...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Silicone tubing</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>60985-724</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Silicone adhesive</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Rhodia Silicones</td>
<td>MED ADH 4300 RTV</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Polyester Mesh</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
<td>93185T17</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Laminin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>L2020</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nutrient Mixture F-10 HAM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>N6908</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
<td>S11550</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>15140</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fungizone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>15290-018</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dispase-2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Roche</td>
<td>10295825001</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Collagenase 2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Worthington</td>
<td>46H8863</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Promega</td>
<td>G5071</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>150 mm tissue culture dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>353025</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.05% (1X) Trypsin-EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>25300</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>1X Hanks Balanced Salt Solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>14170-112</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>7.5% NaHCO3</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>25080-094</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>70 &mu;m cell strainer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>352350</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>6-well plates</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>353046</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50 mL Conical Vial</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>352098</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15 mL Conical Vial</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>352099</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.2 &mu;m filter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Nalgene</td>
<td>194-2520</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

fabrication of myogenic engineered tissue constructs

Despite the fact that electronic pacemakers are life-saving medical devices, their long-term performance in pediatric patients can be problematic owing to the restrictions imposed by a child's small size and their inevitable growth. Consequently, there is a genuine need for innovative therapies designed specifically for pediatric patients with cardiac rhythm disorders. We propose that a conductive biological alternative consisting of a collagen-based matrix containing autologously-derived cells could better adapt to growth, reduce the need for recurrent surgeries, and greatly improve the quality of life for these patients. In the present study, we describe a procedure for incorporating primary skeletal myoblast cell cultures within a hydrogel matrix to fashion a surgically-implantable tissue construct that will serve as an electrical conduit between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. Ultimately, we anticipate using this type of engineered tissue to restore atrioventricular electrical conduction in children with complete heart block. In view of that, we isolate myoblasts from the skeletal muscles of neonatal Lewis rats and plate them onto laminin-coated tissue culture dishes using a modified version of established protocols[2, 3]. After one to two days, cultured cells are collected and mixed with antibiotics, type 1 collagen, Matrigel&trade;, and NaHCO3. The result is a viscous, uniform solution that can be cast into a mold of nearly any shape and size[1, 4, 5]. For our tissue constructs, we employ type 1 collagen isolated from fetal lamb skin using standard procedures[6]. Once the tissue has solidified at 37&deg;C, culture media is carefully added to the plate until the construct is submerged. The engineered tissue is then allowed to further condense through dehydration for 2 more days, at which point it is ready for in vitro assessment or surgical-implantation.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs

Here, we demonstrate fabrication of collagen-based, tissue constructs containing skeletal myoblasts. These 3-D engineered constructs may be used to replace or repair tissues in vivo. For our purposes, we have designed these as an atrioventricular electrical conduit for the repair of complete heart block[1].

Despite the fact that electronic pacemakers are life-saving medical devices, their long-term performance in pediatric patients can be problematic owing to ...

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