Ce travail a été financé par l&#39;École de médecine de Yale et de bourses de recherche santé de l&#39;enfant à partir de Charles Hood Foundation.

1. Reprogrammation par rétrovirus exprimant les facteurs de reprogrammation <ol><li> Des fibroblastes humains sont cultivées dans un milieu des fibroblastes (10% de FBS dans DMEM avec Pen / Strep). </li><li> Un jour avant l&#39;infection, la plaque de 1x10 5 fibroblastes humains dans un puits d&#39;une plaque à 6 puits. </li><li> Aspirer à moyen et à éliminer les cellules mortes et ajoutez 2 ml de milieu de fibroblastes frais. Ajouter du sulfate de protamine à une concentration finale de 5 ng / ml. </li><li> Soigneusement ajouter la quantité appropriée de chacun des virus GFP-exprimer correspondant à une multiplicité d&#39;infection (MOI) 5 5. </li><li> Un jour après l&#39;infection, retirer le surnageant viral, laver trois fois avec 2 ml de PBS, puis ajoutez les 2 moyennes des fibroblastes ml. </li><li> Trois jours après l&#39;infection, vérifier la fluorescence de la GFP et de reconstituer le puits avec 2 moyennes des fibroblastes ml. </li><li> Quatre jours après l&#39;infection, la plaque de 1x10 cellules nourricières 4 / cm 2 de fibroblastes embryonnaires irradiés (MEF) dans le milieu des fibroblastes SUR UNE10-cm boîte de Pétri revêtues de 0,1% de gélatine. Incuber à 37 ° C pendant la nuit. </li><li> Cinq jours après l&#39;infection, se détacher des fibroblastes humains infectés avec 1 ml 0,05% typsin / EDTA pendant 5 minutes à 37 ° C, et centrifuger pendant 5 minutes à 200 g. Aspirer le milieu et remettre en suspension les cellules avec 10 ml de milieu de fibroblastes. Transférer les cellules dans un pré-enduit la plaque de 10 cm. </li><li> Après 24 heures, remplacer le milieu de milieu de culture des CSEh (20% Knock-Out de remplacement du sérum, DMEM/F12, 0,1 ml non-acides aminés essentiels, 4 ng / ml de bFGF, Pen / Strep / glutamate, le bêta-merceptoethanol). Changer le support quotidien. ESC-like colonies commencent à apparaître 20 à 27 par jour après l&#39;infection. </li></ol> 2. L&#39;isolement et l&#39;expansion des CSPi <ol><li> Sous un microscope à fluorescence, vérifier l&#39;absence de fluorescence de la GFP dans une colonie qui montre une morphologie similaire à CSEh. </li><li> En utilisant une pipette de 10 ul, choisissez individuels colonies IPSC et les placer dans un puits d&#39;une gélatine et MEF-coaTed de 12 puits de plaque et complétée avec le milieu de CSEh. Changer le milieu tous les jours. </li><li> Pour repiquage, laver la plaque avec 1 ml de DMEM/F12, puis ajoutez 0,5 ml de collagénase, et incuber pendant 10 minutes à 37 ° C. </li><li> Laver les cellules deux fois avec DMEM/F12. </li><li> Ajouter 2 ml de milieu CSEh frais. L&#39;utilisation d&#39;un lève-cellule, de briser les colonies en petits morceaux et détacher les cellules restantes de la plaque. </li><li> Transférer les morceaux de remises en suspension des colonies dans un puits d&#39;une gélatine et MEF-enduit des plaques 6 puits. </li></ol> 3. Analyse par immunofluorescence de marqueurs pluripotentes <ol><li> Laver les cellules trois fois avec du PBS et le fixer avec du paraformaldéhyde à 4% pendant 20 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Lavez délicatement les cellules trois fois avec du PBS et perméabiliser avec 0,2% de Triton X-100 dans du PBS pendant 30 min. </li><li> Bloquer non-spécifiques de liaison par incubation des cellules avec de la BSA 3% dans du PBS pendant deux heures. </li><li> Incuber les cellules avec l&#39;anticorps primaire nuit à 4 ° C. </li> &lt;li&gt; Laver les cellules trois fois avec du PBS et laisser incuber les cellules avec l&#39;anticorps secondaire spécifique pendant une heure à température ambiante, le blindage de la lumière. </li><li> Laver les cellules trois fois avec du PBS et ajouter DAPI lors du dernier rinçage suivie d&#39;une incubation à température ambiante pendant 5 minutes. </li><li> Détecter la coloration avec un microscope à fluorescence. </li></ol> 4. Quantitative en temps réel PCR pour les marqueurs pluripotentes <ol><li> Isoler l&#39;ARN total à partir des CSPi humaines dérivées de fibroblastes humains en utilisant le kit RNeasy de Qiagen. </li><li> Synthétiser l&#39;ADNc de premier brin en utilisant la transcriptase inverse SuperScript II. </li><li> Effectuer qPCR pour détecter les gènes de pluripotence en utilisant des amorces précédemment rapportés. 6 </li></ol> 5. Les résultats représentatifs <ol><li> Changement morphologique lors de la reprogrammation Nous fibroblastes humains infectés BJ1 et Detroit 551 avec un cocktail de rétrovirus transportant OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 et MYC,et étaient capables de détecter des changements morphologiques lors de la reprogrammation (Figure 1). Vingt-et-un jours après l&#39;infection, nous reconnaissons de petites colonies iPSC par leur morphologie CSEh. En outre, nous reconnaissons CSPi par la fluorescence de la GFP. Les cellules souches pluripotentes, comme les CES et iPSCs, expriment la machinerie moléculaire de réprimer l&#39;expression du gène proviral 7-9. Notre unique vecteur rétroviral exprime la GFP en collaboration avec la reprogrammation des gènes par LTR rétroviral. Ainsi, les cellules exprimant la GFP en continu sont considérés à exprimer des transgènes sans gene silencing proviral. Fidèlement reprogrammées colonies iPSC qui acquièrent le réseau pluripotence moléculaire montrent l&#39;absence d&#39;expression de GFP (Figure 2) 10. </li><li> Caractérisation de la pluripotence des CSPi humaines Nous avons analysé colonies issues de Detroit-551 fibroblastes par l&#39;intermédiaire d&#39;immunohistochimie avec Tra-1-81, Tra-1-60, AESS-4, SSEA-3, et des anticorps OCT4 NANOG ( <strong&gt; Tableau 2). CSPi succès reprogrammées exprimer l&#39;ensemble de ces marqueurs (figure 3A). Nous avons également analysé l&#39;expression génique par l&#39;intermédiaire RT-PCR quantitative d&#39;analyse. Nous avons observé que l&#39;expression de OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC et NANOG a été significativement augmenté par rapport à des cellules de fibroblastes parentaux, mais en rapport avec celle de CSEh H9 (figure 3B). </li></ol><img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/3804/3804fig1.jpg" /> Figure 1. Les modifications morphologiques des rétrovirus-infectés fibroblastes humains. (AD) Progressive changement morphologique dans les colonies de Detroit-551 fibroblastes infectés avec des facteurs de reprogrammation. Jour 5 (A), Jour 10 (B), Jour 14 (C), jour 21 (D). Les cellules montrent la morphologie de CSEh comme après 21 jours. <img alt="Figure 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/3804/3804fig2.jpg" /> Figure 2. Représentant GFP fluorescente expression dans les cellules subissant une reprogrammation. </strong&gt; BJ et Detroit 551 fibroblastes ont été infectées par le rétrovirus exprimant quatre facteurs de reprogrammation 4, et incubées dans un milieu CSEh pendant quatre semaines. Fibroblastes BJ (A, B) et Detroit 551 (C, D) montrent similaires morphologique. De jour 21, les colonies GFP négatifs commencent à se former, qui représentent les CSPi de bonne foi 10. (E, F) montrent transformé Detroit 551 cellules qui n&#39;ont pas subi une reprogrammation appropriée. (A, C, E) des colonies sous vue contraste de phase. (B, D) correctement reprogrammé les cellules qui montrent le silence GFP. (F) expression de la GFP lumineux de la colonie transformée. <img alt="Figure 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/3804/3804fig3.jpg" /> Figure 3. Caractérisation des humains cellules souches pluripotentes induites. (A) de l&#39;homme des colonies de cellules iPS-551-K1 expriment des marqueurs communs aux cellules pluripotentes. Coloration DAPI indique le contenu de la cellule total par domaine. (B) quantitative en temps réel-PCR (RT-qPCR) pour l&#39;expression de OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC dans f parentaleibroblast, 551-iPS-K1 CSPi et H9 cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (CSEh). Les données ont été normalisées par rapport gène de ménage β-actine et tracées par rapport au niveau d&#39;expression dans les cellules de fibroblastes parentaux 4.

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<p class="jove_content"&gt; Nous n&#39;avons rien à communiquer.</p

L&#39;expression de facteurs de transcription quatre fibroblastes humains à la reprogrammation des CSPi. De nombreuses tentatives ont été faites pour produire des CSPi humaines en utilisant des approches non-intégration ou non-génétiques pour générer CSPi cliniquement sûres. Jusqu&#39;à présent, ces méthodes montrent l&#39;efficacité très faible et nécessitent une optimisation plus poussée pour améliorer la reproductibilité 11-14. Rétro-méthodes ou lentiviral sont facilement utilisée pour...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Concentration</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">hESC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>80%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11330057</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacer</td>
			<td>20%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>2 mM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonessential Amino Acids (10 mM)</td>
			<td>0.1 mM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11140050</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&beta;-Mercaptoethanol (14.3 M) or MTG</td>
			<td>0.1 mM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>M-6250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF-2 10 &mu;g/ml</td>
			<td>4 ng/ml</td>
			<td>GIBCO/BRL</td>
			<td>GF003AF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Fiboblasts Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>90%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965118</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>10%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10407028</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 1. Culture Medium
<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Concentration</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT4</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab19857</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SSEA3</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>Milipore</td>
			<td>MAB4303</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SSEA4</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>BD560218</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tra-1-81</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>BD560173</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tra-1-60</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>BD560174</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NANOG</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab21624</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa-Flur 488</td>
			<td>1:1000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11008</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa-Flur 555</td>
			<td>1:1000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21422</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>1:5000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Plasmids</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-OCT4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>17225</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-SOX2</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>17226</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-KLF4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>17227</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-MYC</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>18119</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Other Materials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type IV</td>
			<td>1mg/ml</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17104019</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin, Porcine</td>
			<td>0.1%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G 1890</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton</td>
			<td>0.2%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X100-500ML</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>4%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>47608</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>3%</td>
			<td>American Bioanalytical</td>
			<td>AB01800</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEF feeder cells</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>PMEF-N</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Lifter</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3008</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Fluorescent microscopy: inverted microscope with GFP filter</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 2. Reagents and equipment.

reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) using retroviral vector with gfp

Cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (CSEh) sont pluripotentes et une source précieuse pour cellulaires dans la modélisation des maladies in vitro et la médecine régénérative 1. Il a été montré précédemment que des cellules somatiques humaines peuvent être reprogrammées pour la pluripotence par l&#39;expression ectopique de quatre facteurs de transcription (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 et Myc) et devenir cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CISP) 2-4. Comme les CSEh, CSPi humaines sont pluripotentes et une source potentielle de cellules autologues. Nous décrivons ici le protocole de reprogrammer des cellules de fibroblastes humains avec les quatre facteurs de reprogrammation clonés dans GFP-rétroviral contenant un squelette 4. En utilisant le protocole suivant, nous générons CSPi de l&#39;homme dans les 3-4 semaines dans des conditions de culture des CSE humaines. Homme colonies iPSC ressemblent CSEh dans la morphologie et afficher la perte de la GFP de fluorescence en résultat de l&#39;inactivation transgène rétroviral. colonies isolées iPSC mécaniquement sous un microsco fluorescencepe se comporter de la même façon que les CSEh. Dans ces cellules, nous avons détecter l&#39;expression de multiples gènes de pluripotence et des marqueurs de surface.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP at JoVE.com

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Une méthode pour générer de l&#39;homme cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CISP) via un rétrovirus médiation expression ectopique de OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 et MYC est décrite. Un moyen pratique pour identifier l&#39;homme colonies iPSC fondées sur l&#39;expression de GFP est également discuté.

Reprogrammation des cellules somatiques humaines dans cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CISP) Utilisation vecteur rétroviral avec la GFP

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...

reprogramming-human-somatic-cells-into-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells

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Biology

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

20.3K vues.  Yale School of Medicine. Une méthode pour générer de l'homme cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CISP) via un rétrovirus médiation expression ectopique de OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 et MYC est décrite. Un moyen pratique pour identifier l'homme colonies iPSC fondées sur l'expression de GFP est également discuté.

Vidéo: Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System

Using a defined set of transcription factors and cell culture conditions, Yamanaka and colleagues demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 is capable of inducing pluripotency in mouse fibroblasts.1 Subsequent reports have demonstrated the utility of the doxycycline (DOX) inducible lentiviral delivery system for the generation of both primary and secondary iPS cells from a variety of other adult mouse somatic cell types.2,3
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation and ability to induce teratoma formation. Both types of cell can be used as the pluripotent starting material for the generation of differentiated cells or tissues in regenerative medicine.4-6 iPS cells also have a distinct advantage over ES cells as they exhibit key properties of ES cells without the ethical dilemma of embryo destruction.
Here we demonstrate the protocol for reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells with the Stemgent DOX Inducible Mouse TF Lentivirus Set. We also demonstrate that the Stemgent DOX Inducible Mouse TF Lentivirus Set is capable of expressing each of the four transcription factors upon transduction into MEFs thereby inducing a pluripotent stem cell state that displays the pluripotency markers characteristic of ES cells.

The Stemgent Dox Inducible Mouse TF Lentivirus Set can reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here we demonstrate the protocol for DOX-inducible expression of mouse reprogramming transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc to generate iPS colonies that express common mES pluripotency markers.

Génération de cellules souches pluripotentes induites par la reprogrammation des fibroblastes embryonnaires de souris avec un facteur de transcription Quatre, doxycycline inductible système de transduction lentiviraux

Using a defined set of transcription factors and cell culture conditions, Yamanaka and colleagues demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and ...

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Biologie

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing the pluripotent state in mouse fibroblasts.1 The same group also reported the successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using human versions of the same transcription factors delivered by retroviral vectors.2 Additionally, James Thomson et al. reported that the lentivirus-mediated co-expression of another set of factors (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28) was capable of reprogramming human somatic cells into iPS cells.3
iPS cells are similar to ES cells in morphology, proliferation and the ability to differentiate into all tissue types of the body. Human iPS cells have a distinct advantage over ES cells as they exhibit key properties of ES cells without the ethical dilemma of embryo destruction. The generation of patient-specific iPS cells circumvents an important roadblock to personalized regenerative medicine therapies by eliminating the potential for immune rejection of non-autologous transplanted cells.
Here we demonstrate the protocol for reprogramming human fibroblast cells using the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set. We also show that cells reprogrammed with this set begin to show iPS morphology four days post-transduction. Using the Stemolecule Y27632, we selected for iPS cells and observed correct morphology after three sequential rounds of colony picking and passaging. We also demonstrate that after reprogramming cells displayed the pluripotency marker AP, surface markers TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60, SSEA-4, and SSEA-3, and nuclear markers Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog.

We demonstrate the protocol for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human somatic cells using lentivirus-mediated delivery of the human factors Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28. Pluripotency was confirmed by morphology and the presence of embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific markers.

Génération de cellules souches pluripotentes induites par la reprogrammation des fibroblastes humains avec les lentivirus TF Stemgent Homme Set

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing ...

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs)1. While improvements in several gene delivery methods have been described2-9, transfection remains a capricious process for HESCs, and has not yet been reported in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this video, we demonstrate how our lab routinely transfects and nucleofects human iPSCs using plasmid with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter. Human iPSCs are adapted and maintained as feeder-free cultures to eliminate the possibility of feeder cell transfection and to allow efficient selection of stable transgenic iPSC clones following transfection. For nucleofection, human iPSCs are pre-treated with ROCK inhibitor11, trypsinized into small clumps of cells, nucleofected and replated on feeders in feeder cell-conditioned medium to enhance cell recovery. Transgene-expressing human iPSCs can be obtained after 6 hours. Antibiotic selection is applied after 24 hours and stable transgenic lines appear within 1 week. Our protocol is robust and reproducible for human iPSC lines without altering pluripotency of these cells.

Despite recent advancements in genetic modification, transfection of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) remains a capricious process. To our knowledge, systematic and efficient methods to transfect human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been reported. Here, we describe robust protocols to efficiently transfect and nucleofect human iPSCs.

Transfection et Nucleofecting homme cellules souches pluripotentes induites

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human ...

Preparation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Suitable for Culturing Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it is not easy to establish an effective system for culturing these cells. Since the culture conditions can influence gene expression that confers pluripotency in hESCs and hiPSCs, the optimization and standardization of the culture method is crucial.
The establishment of hESC lines was first described by using MEFs as feeder cells and fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing culture medium2. Next, FBS was replaced with knockout serum replacement (KSR) and FGF2, which enhances proliferation of hESCs3. Finally, feeder-free culture systems enable culturing cells on Matrigel-coated plates in KSR-containing conditioned medium (medium conditioned by MEFs)4. Subsequently, hESCs culture conditions have moved towards feeder-free culture in chemically defined conditions5-7. Moreover, to avoid the potential contamination by pathogens and animal proteins culture methods using xeno-free components have been established8.
To obtain improved conditions mouse feeder cells have been replaced with human cell lines (e.g. fetal muscle and skin cells9, adult skin cells10, foreskin fibroblasts11-12, amniotic mesenchymal cells13). However, the efficiency of maintaining undifferentiated hESCs using human foreskin fibroblast-derived feeder layers is not as high as that from mouse feeder cells due to the lower level of secretion of Activin A14. Obviously, there is an evident difference in growth factor production by mouse and human feeder cells.
Analyses of the transcriptomes of mouse and human feeder cells revealed significant differences between supportive and non-supportive cells. Exogenous FGF2 is crucial for maintaining self-renewal of hESCs and hiPSCs, and has been identified as a key factor regulating the expression of Tgf&beta;1, Activin A and Gremlin (a BMP antagonist) in feeder cells. Activin A has been shown to induce the expression of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in hESCs15-16.
For long-term culture, hESCs and hiPSCs can be grown on mitotically inactivated MEFs or under feeder-free conditions in MEF-CM (MEF-Conditioned Medium) on Matrigel-coated plates to maintain their undifferentiated state. Success of both culture conditions fully depends on the quality of the feeder cells, since they directly affect the growth of hESCs.
Here, we present an optimized method for the isolation and culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), preparation of conditioned medium (CM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the levels of Activin A within the media.

The quality of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is dictated by the right strain of mouse such as CF-1. Pluripotency-supportive MEFs and conditioned media (CM) obtained from these should contain optimal concentrations of Activin A, Gremlin and Tgf&beta;1 needed for the Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways to co-operatively maintain self-renewal and pluripotency.

Préparation des cellules de souris embryonnaires fibroblastiques conviennent pour la culture embryonnaires humaines et cellules souches pluripotentes induites

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it ...

Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Using the STEMCCA Lentiviral Vector

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, generating so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)1-4. Patient-specific iPSCs lack the ethical concerns that surround embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and would bypass possible immune rejection. Thus, iPSCs have attracted considerable attention for disease modeling studies, the screening of pharmacological compounds, and regenerative therapies5.
We have shown the generation of transgene-free human iPSCs from patients with different lung diseases using a single excisable polycistronic lentiviral Stem Cell Cassette (STEMCCA) encoding the Yamanaka factors6. These iPSC lines were generated from skin fibroblasts, the most common cell type used for reprogramming. Normally, obtaining fibroblasts requires a skin punch biopsy followed by expansion of the cells in culture for a few passages. Importantly, a number of groups have reported the reprogramming of human peripheral blood cells into iPSCs7-9. In one study, a Tet inducible version of the STEMCCA vector was employed9, which required the blood cells to be simultaneously infected with a constitutively active lentivirus encoding the reverse tetracycline transactivator. In contrast to fibroblasts, peripheral blood cells can be collected via minimally invasive procedures, greatly reducing the discomfort and distress of the patient. A simple and effective protocol for reprogramming blood cells using a constitutive single excisable vector may accelerate the application of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community. Furthermore, reprogramming of peripheral blood cells allows for the generation of iPSCs from individuals in which skin biopsies should be avoided (i.e. aberrant scarring) or due to pre-existing disease conditions preventing access to punch biopsies.
Here we demonstrate a protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a single floxed-excisable lentiviral vector constitutively expressing the 4 factors. Freshly collected or thawed PBMCs are expanded for 9 days as described10,11 in medium containing ascorbic acid, SCF, IGF-1, IL-3 and EPO before being transduced with the STEMCCA lentivirus. Cells are then plated onto MEFs and ESC-like colonies can be visualized two weeks after infection. Finally, selected clones are expanded and tested for the expression of the pluripotency markers SSEA-4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81. This protocol is simple, robust and highly consistent, providing a reliable methodology for the generation of human iPSCs from readily accessible 4 ml of blood.

Here we show a simple and effective protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from 3-4 ml of peripheral blood using a single lentiviral reprogramming vector. Reprogramming of readily available blood cells promises to accelerate the utilization of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community.

Génération de l&#39;homme cellules souches pluripotentes induites à partir de sang périphérique en utilisant le vecteur lentiviral STEMCCA

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, ...

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that result from the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors are offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. Such clinical applications of iPS cells have been limited so far, mainly due to the poor efficiency of the existing reprogramming methodologies and the risk of the generated iPS cells to form tumors upon implantation.
We hypothesized that the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency could be achieved in vivo by gene transfer of reprogramming factors. In order to efficiently reprogram cells in vivo, high levels of the Yamanaka (OKSM) transcription factors need to be expressed at the target tissue. This can be achieved by using different viral or nonviral gene vectors depending on the target tissue. In this particular study, hydrodynamic tail-vein (HTV) injection of plasmid DNA was used to deliver the OKSM factors to mouse hepatocytes. This provided proof-of-evidence of in vivo reprogramming of adult, somatic cells towards a pluripotent state with high efficiency and fast kinetics. Furthermore no tumor or teratoma formation was observed in situ.
It can be concluded that reprogramming somatic cells in vivo may offer a potential approach to induce enhanced pluripotency rapidly, efficiently, and safely compared to in vitro performed protocols and can be applied to different tissue types in the future.

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

This study demonstrates the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency in vivo without the generation of teratomas. We used hydrodynamic tail vein injection of plasmid DNA encoding the Yamanka factors to induce the in vivo reprogramming of adult hepatocytes into cells of enhanced pluripotency.

Dans reprogrammation in vivo de cellules somatiques adultes à la pluripotence par surexpression de facteurs Yamanaka

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that result from the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs include modeling pathogenesis of human genetic diseases, autologous cell therapy after gene correction, and personalized drug screening by providing a source of patient-specific and symptom relevant cells. However, there are several hurdles to overcome, such as eliminating the remaining reprogramming factor transgene expression after human iPSCs production. More importantly, residual transgene expression in undifferentiated human iPSCs could hamper proper differentiations and misguide the interpretation of disease-relevant in vitro phenotypes. With this reason, integration-free and/or transgene-free human iPSCs have been developed using several methods, such as adenovirus, the piggyBac system, minicircle vector, episomal vectors, direct protein delivery and synthesized mRNA. However, efficiency of reprogramming using integration-free methods is quite low in most cases.
Here, we present a method to isolate human iPSCs by using Sendai-virus (RNA virus) based reprogramming system. This reprogramming method shows consistent results and high efficiency in cost-effective manner.

Here, we present our established method to reprogram human somatic cells into transgene-free human iPSCs with Sendai virus, which shows consistent outcome and enhanced efficiency.

Génération efficace d&#39;origine humaine souches pluripotentes à partir de cellules somatiques humaines avec Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

Episomal Reprogramming of Dermal Fibroblasts to Generate Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)

Episomal Reprogramming of Dermal Fibroblasts to Generate Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (HiPSCs)  

To begin, take a flask of cultured fibroblast cells, coat a 10-centimeter cell culture plate suitable for hiPSC culture with four milliliters of cold coating solution per plate, and incubate the plate for one hour at 37 degrees Celsius. Afterward, remove the media from the fibroblasts and wash them with four milliliters of pre-warmed PBS per flask. Aspirate the PBS and associate the fibroblasts with four milliliters of Trypsin-EDTA per flask by incubating for five to seven minutes at 37 degrees Celsius.Monitor cell detachment using a phase contrast microscope, and if needed, tap against the side of the flask to detach the cells from the plastic surface. Transfer the detached cells to a 50-milliliter conical tube and wash the empty flasks with six milliliters of pre-warmed fibroblast medium. Collect and pool the remaining cells in the conical tube.Then centrifuge the cells at 200 g for five minutes at 20 degrees Celsius. Aspirate the supernatant and re-suspend the cell pellet in three milliliters of fresh, pre-warmed PBS. Count the cells, transfer 1.5 times 10 to the sixth fibroblasts into a new conical tube and fill up with PBS to the five millimeter mark.Centrifuge the tube at 200 g for five minutes at 20 degrees Celsius. Discard the supernatant, re-suspend the cell pellet in five milliliters of electroporation medium, and centrifuge again. In the meantime, aspirate the coating solution from the coated 10-centimeter cell culture plate and add seven milliliters of pre-warmed fibroblast medium.At the end of the centrifugation, discard the supernatant and re-suspend the cell pellet in electroporation medium with a concentration of 1.5 times 10 to the sixth cells in 250 microliters. Transfer the 250 microliter cell suspension to an electroporation cuvette with a four millimeter gap distance. Next, prepare a plasma transfection mix by adding four micrograms of each plasmid to a total volume of 50 microliters of electroporation medium.Transfer the transfection mix to the cuvette, mix gently by flicking, and electroporate with one pulse at 280 volts. Finally, transfer 150 microliters of the electroporated fibroblasts to the prepared 10-centimeter cell culture plate. Agitate the plate thrice in all directions to distribute the cells, and incubate overnight.Fibroblasts present in a long, spindle-like phenotype, the size of 150 to 300 nanometers. After reprogramming, colonies with 50 micrometer small hiPSCs occur displaying distinct borders. The hiPSCs are distinguished by a high nuclei to body ratio and increased proliferation rate.

Reprogrammation épisomique de fibroblastes dermiques pour générer des cellules souches pluripotentes induites par l’homme (CSPhi)

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine

Cross-species approaches studying primate pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives are crucial to better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, development, and evolution. To make primate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) more accessible, this paper presents a non-invasive method to generate human and non-human primate iPSCs from urine-derived cells, and their maintenance using a feeder-free culturing method.
The urine can be sampled from a non-sterile environment (e.g., the cage of the animal) and treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail during primary cell culture to reduce contamination efficiently. After propagation of the urine-derived cells, iPSCs are generated by a modified transduction method of a commercially available Sendai virus vector system. First&#160;iPSC colonies may already be visible after 5 days, and can be picked after 10 days at the earliest. Routine clump passaging with enzyme-free dissociation buffer supports pluripotency of the generated iPSCs for more than 50 passages.

The present protocol describes a method to isolate, expand, and reprogram human and non-human primate urine-derived cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as instructions for feeder-free maintenance of the newly generated iPSCs.

Production et maintien de cellules souches pluripotentes induites par les primates dérivées de l’urine

Cross-species approaches studying primate pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives are crucial to better understand the molecular and cellular ...

Caractérisation des antigènes de surface et de la capacité de prolifération dans les CSM pilotant les hiPSC

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent stem cells which have been widely used in regenerative medicine. As somatic tissue-derived MSCs are restricted by limited donation, quality variations, and biosafety, the past 10 years have seen a great rise in efforts to generate MSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Past and recent efforts in the differentiation of hiPSCs into MSCs have been centered around two culture methodologies: (1) the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and (2) the use of monolayer culture. This protocol describes these two representative methods in deriving MSC from hiPSCs. Each method presents its advantages and disadvantages, including time, cost, cell proliferation ability, the expression of MSC markers, and their capability of differentiation in vitro. This protocol demonstrates that both methods can derive mature and functional MSCs from hiPSCs. The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation, while the EB method is characterized by lower time consumption.

Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Progrès dans la recherche sur les iPSC et les maladies génétiques 

This protocol describes and compares two representative methods for differentiating hiPSCs into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation. The embryoid bodies (EBs) method is characterized by lower time consumption.

Comparaison de deux méthodes représentatives pour la différenciation des cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines en cellules stromales mésenchymateuses

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent stem cells which have been widely used in regenerative medicine. As somatic tissue-derived MSCs are ...