Un merci spécial à la Division St. Regis Mohawk Environmental, Welaka National Fish Hatchery, US Fish and Wildlife Service Research Unit, Southern Illinois University, US Fish and Northeast Fisheries Center de la faune, Sterling Caviar, Université de Californie-Davis, Garrison Dam National Fish écloserie, Bears Bluff national Fish Hatchery, et US Fish and Wildlife service Panama office Resource Ville des pêches pour leur aide à fournir l&#39; esturgeon pour ce projet. cet article est Contribution 2013 du Centre des sciences de l&#39; USGS des Grands Lacs.

Remarque importante: En raison de l&#39;état de protection de toutes les espèces d&#39;esturgeons aux États-Unis, permet d&#39;acquérir et de gérer les poissons ont été obtenus avant la procédure de laboratoire. Tous les spécimens ont été acquis à partir de sources d&#39;écloserie post mortem dues à des causes naturelles et éliminés en suivant la procédure standard. 1. Préparation des échantillons <ol><li> Avant toute incisions pondent carcasse de l&#39; esturgeon sur le côté et à l&#39; aide d&#39; un ruban à mesurer pour mesurer la longueur totale du museau à l&#39;extrémité de la queue à la 1 mm le plus proche. (Figure 1A) </li><li> Peser la carcasse de l&#39;esturgeon sur une échelle taré à 1 g près. Évaluer la carcasse pour toutes les balises ou des marques extérieures et enregistrement. </li></ol> 2. Otolith Extraction <ol><li> Faire une incision verticale avec un grand couteau de filet entre la base du crâne et la première scute dorsale à travers le corps pour séparer la tête du corps (figure 1B). Après avoir enlevé la tête, turn la tête de sorte que la bouche est orientée vers le haut (figure 1C). </li><li> Retirer les tissus mous de la bouche et les branchies en utilisant le couteau filet pour couper le long de la face ventrale du crâne (figure 1D). Faire une incision avec une scie à os électrique à partir de la pointe du museau à la base du crâne à bisect complètement la tête (figure 1E). Séparer les deux moitiés manuellement afin d&#39; exposer la cavité du cerveau (figure 2A). </li><li> Retirez et la matière cérébrale (encadré rouge à gauche) avec une pince pour voir canaux semi - circulaires (boîte rouge à droite) dans la cavité du cerveau (figure 2B) jeter. </li><li> Enlever le cartilage du canal semi - circulaire de la cavité du cerveau avec une pince (figure 2C). Percer soigneusement cartilage canal semi - circulaire avec la pointe de la pince et enlever otolithes (figure 2D). Retirer les otolithes (structure osseuse dur à l&#39; intérieur du cartilage) avec une pince du cartilage canal semi - circulaire (figure 2E) </strong&gt;. </li><li> Répétez les étapes 02.03 à 02.04 pour enlever otolithes de l&#39;autre moitié du crâne. </li><li> Tremper les otolithes dans 92% d&#39;éthanol pendant 5 secondes pour éliminer tout cartilage. La place otolithes dans un 25 ml flacon à scintillation ouvert à sécher pendant 24 heures. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Auer, N. A., LeBreton, G. T. O., Beamish, F. W. H., McKinley, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conservation.">Conservation.</a> Sturgeons and Paddlefish of North America. 27, 252-276 (2004).</li><li>Campana, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accuracy,+precision+and+quality+control+in+age+determination,+including+a+review+of+the+use+and+abuse+of+age+validation+methods).">Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods).</a> Journal of Fish Biology. 59, 197-242 (2001).</li><li>Bruch, R. M., Campana, S. E., Davis-Foust, S. L., Hansen, M. J., Janssen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lake+Sturgeon+age+validation+using+bomb+radiocarbon+and+known-age+fish.">Lake Sturgeon age validation using bomb radiocarbon and known-age fish.</a> Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 138, 361-372 (2009).</li><li>Baremore, I. E., Rosati, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+validated,+minimally+deleterious+method+for+ageing+sturgeon.">A validated, minimally deleterious method for ageing sturgeon.</a> Fishery Bulletin. 112, 274-282 (2014).</li><li>Stevensen, J. T., Secor, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age+determination+and+growth+of+Hudson+River+Atlantic+sturgeon,+Acipenser+oxyrhynchus.">Age determination and growth of Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus.</a> Fishery Bulletin. 97, 153-166 (1999).</li><li>Brennan, J. S., Cailliet, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+age-determination+techniques+for+white+sturgeon+in+California.">Comparative age-determination techniques for white sturgeon in California.</a> Transactions of the American Fishery Society. 118, 296-310 (1989).</li><li>Rossiter, A., Noakes, D. L. G., Beamish, F. W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+of+age+estimation+for+the+lake+sturgeon.">Validation of age estimation for the lake sturgeon.</a> Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 124, 777-781 (1995).</li><li>Chalupnicki, M. A., Dittman, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=North+American+Sturgeon+Otolith+Morphology.">North American Sturgeon Otolith Morphology.</a> Copeia. , 260-266 (2016).</li><li>Secor, D. H., Dean, J. M., Laban, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Manual for otolith removal and preparation for microstructural examination. , (1991).</li></ol>

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

La vue d&#39;ensemble d&#39;une méthode alternative d&#39;extraction otolithes des carcasses d&#39;esturgeons a été détaillée. Il est important de noter qu&#39;une attention particulière est nécessaire pour la mise en place d&#39;incision latérale sur la ligne médiane du crâne afin de bisect le crâne uniformément pour assurer aucun mal aux otolithes lors de la dissection. Si l&#39;incision est pas assez profonde pour bisect complètement le crâne, il sera très difficile d&#39;exposer la cavité du cerveau ...

Sturgeon (Acipenseridae) populations à travers le monde sont en baisse depuis plus d&#39; un siècle en raison des impacts , y compris la perte d&#39;habitat, la fragmentation de la population, et la surpêche telle que de nombreuses populations sont protégés par les lois fédérales et d&#39;état 1,2. Les organismes de gestion à travers les Etats - Unis et le monde ont identifié l&#39; esturgeon comme une espèce cible pour la restauration et la récupération 1. Caractéristiques de la population (croissance, recrutement, régime alimentaire) de la plupart des populations d&#39;esturgeons ont été étudiés afin de mieux comprendre la biologie et l&#39; histoire de vie caractéristiques de base 1. En raison du statut protégé de la plupart des populations d&#39;esturgeons, l&#39;évaluation de l&#39;âge est difficile dans les petites populations menacées où aucun sacrifice ou de nuire à des individus est justifiée. L&#39;extraction des structures osseuses dans le but d&#39;estimation de l&#39; âge et de l&#39; analyse de la croissance a été un .Utilisation de sections de rayons ailettes technique courante 3 pour déterminer l&#39; âge de Sturgesur est devenu une méthode non - létaux pratique, mais la vérification de la technique a été limitée et l&#39; âge peuvent être très difficiles à déchiffrer chez les personnes âgées (&gt; 15 ans) 4. Les chercheurs évaluant l&#39;utilisation de plusieurs structures osseuses de l&#39;esturgeon pour leur utilisation dans la validation de l&#39;âge de Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desoti) 5, l&#39; esturgeon noir (A. o. Oxyrinchus) 6, l&#39; esturgeon blanc (A. transmontanus) 7, et le lac Sturgeon (A. fluvescens) 8 a conclu que le premier pectoral marginal ray fin fourni l&#39; âge le plus précis , mais a conclu cette procédure invasive pour être néfaste pour les individus plus grands. Actuellement, il est le développement de l&#39; utilisation de mesures de forme otolithes pour distinguer entre les espèces nord - américaines de l&#39; esturgeon avec un taux très élevé de succès 9. Les détails sur le processus d&#39;élimination des otolithes avec une incision transversale dorsale à la base du crâne est un otolithes commun supplémentaireméthode de ction trouvé dans la littérature et clairement détaillé par Secor et al. (1991) 10. Cependant, cette méthode est difficile à mettre en œuvre sur l&#39;esturgeon qui ont très épais avec des crânes otolithes qui sont petits et délicats et auraient tendance à se briser. Un nouvel examen de la littérature montre aucune autre méthodologie détaillée du processus d&#39;élimination des otolithes pour l&#39;esturgeon. L&#39;objectif de cet article était de détail une méthode alternative d&#39;extraction otolithes de l&#39;esturgeon en entrant dans la cavité du cerveau de la face ventrale.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Measuring Board</td><td></td><td></td><td>Metric meter stick is preferred</td></tr><tr><td>Weighing scale</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filleting Knife</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sample vials</td><td></td><td></td><td>25 ml scintillation vials work well</td></tr></tbody></table>

alternative method of removing otoliths from sturgeon

Rapatrier les otolithes (os de l&#39;oreille) de poissons qui ont des crânes très épais peuvent être temps difficile et très coûteuse. La pratique courante de faire une incision verticale transversale sur le sommet du crâne avec une main ou une scie électrique peut endommager le otolithes si pas effectué correctement. Esturgeons (Acipenseridae) sont une famille en particulier qui ont un crâne très grand et épais. Une nouvelle méthode de laboratoire entrant dans la cavité du cerveau de la face ventrale du poisson pour exposer les otolithes était plus facile que d&#39;autres méthodes d&#39;extraction des otolithes trouvés dans la littérature. Méthodes examinées dans la littérature sont conçus pour le terrain et sont plus efficaces pour le traitement de grandes quantités de poissons rapidement. Cependant, cette nouvelle technique a été conçu pour être plus adapté à un environnement de laboratoire lorsque le temps est pas urgent et extraction réussie de chaque échantillon est critique. Le succès de trouver et supprimer les otolithes en utilisant cette technique est très élevé et ne compromet pas les structure d&#39;une manière quelconque. Cette technique alternative est applicable à d&#39;autres espèces de poissons similaires pour extraire les otolithes.

La taille adulte de l&#39;esturgeon dans le monde varie considérablement, mais l&#39;emplacement des otolithes est cohérente. L&#39;utilisation d&#39;un couteau filet pointu a été trouvé pour éliminer les tissus mous de la bouche facilement illustré à la figure 1D. Une scie à os électrique est l&#39;outil privilégié pour l&#39;incision latérale pour exposer la cavité du cerveau dans la figure 1E. Cependant, l&#39;attention à la bissectrice...

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Alternative Method of Removing Otoliths from Sturgeon

The goal of the protocol is to show an effective method to extract the otoliths from sturgeon carcasses.

Méthode alternative de Retrait otolithes de Sturgeon

Extracting the otoliths (ear bones) from fish that have very thick skulls can be difficult and very time consuming. The common practice of making a ...

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8.4K vues.  Great Lakes Science Center. The goal of the protocol is to show an effective method to extract the otoliths from sturgeon carcasses. 

Vidéo: Alternative Method of Removing Otoliths from Sturgeon

A Time Differential Staining Technique Coupled with Full Bilateral Gill Denervation to Study Ionocytes in Fish

Branchial ionocytes (ICs) are the functional units for ionic regulation in fish. In adults, they are found on the filamental and lamellar epithelia of the gill where they transport ions such as Na+, Cl- and Ca2+ via a variety of ion channels, pumps and exchangers. The teleost gill is extrinsically innervated by the facial (VI), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves. The IX and X nerves are also the extrinsic source of branchial IC innervation. Here, two techniques used to study the innervation, proliferation and distribution of ICs are described: a time differential staining technique and a full bilateral gill denervation technique. Briefly, goldfish are exposed to a vital mitochondrion-specific dye (e.g., MitoTracker Red) which labels (red fluorescence) pre-existing ICs. Fish were either allowed to recover for 3 - 5 days or immediately underwent a full bilateral gill denervation. After 3 - 5 days of recovery, the gills are harvested and fixed for immunohistochemistry. The tissue is then stained with an &#945;-5 primary antibody (targets Na+/K+ ATPase containing cells) in conjunction with a secondary antibody that labels all (both new and pre-existing) ICs green. Using confocal imaging, it was demonstrated that pre-existing ICs appear yellow (labelled with both a viable mitochondrion-specific dye and &#945;-5) and new ICs appear green (labelled with &#945;-5 only). Both techniques used in tandem can be applied to study the innervation, proliferation and distribution of ICs on the gill filament when fish are exposed to environmental challenges.

This manuscript describes a protocol to track the re-distribution of branchial ionocytes and their innervation using a time differential staining technique coupled with full bilateral gill denervation.

Une technique Temps différentiel coloration Couplé avec Full Gill bilatérale dénervation pour étudier ionocytes à Fish

Branchial ionocytes (ICs) are the functional units for ionic regulation in fish. In adults, they are found on the filamental and lamellar epithelia of the ...

Recherche

Biologie du développement

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Anthropogenic influences from increased nutrients and chemical contaminants, to habitat alterations and climate change, can have significant effects on fish populations. Adverse effects monitoring, utilizing biomarkers from the organismal to the molecular level, can be used to assess the cumulative effects on fishes and other organisms. Fish health has been used worldwide as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health. The necropsy-based fish health assessment provides data on visible abnormalities and lesions, parasites, condition and organosomatic indices. These can be compared by site, season and sex, as well as temporally, to document change over time. Severity ratings can be assigned to various observations to calculate a fish health index for more quantitative assessment. A drawback of the necropsy-based assessment is that it is based on visual observations and condition factors, which are not as sensitive as tissue and subcellular biomarkers for sublethal effects. Additionally, it is rarely possible to identify causes or risk factors associated with observed abnormalities. So, for instance a raised lesion or "tumor" on the fins, lips or body surface may be a neoplasm. However, it could also be a response to a parasite, chronic inflammation or hyperplasia of normal cells in response to an irritant. Conversely, neoplasms, certain parasites, other infectious agents and many tissue changes are not visible and so may be underestimated. However, during the necropsy-based assessment, blood (plasma), tissues for histopathology (microscopic pathology), genomics and other molecular analyses, and otoliths for aging can be collected. These downstream analyses, together with geospatial analyses, habitat assessments, water quality and contaminant analyses can all be important in comprehensive ecosystem evaluations.

The health of wild fishes can be used as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health. Necropsy-based fish health assessments provide documentation of visible lesions or abnormalities, data used to calculate condition indices as well as the opportunity to collect tissues for microscopic evaluation, gene expression and other more in-depth analyses.

Évaluation de la santé axée sur l’autopsie de poissons sauvages

Anthropogenic influences from increased nutrients and chemical contaminants, to habitat alterations and climate change, can have significant effects on ...

Environnement

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

The size spectrum is an inverse, allometric scaling relationship between average body mass (M) and the density (D) of individuals within an ecological community or food web. Importantly, the size spectrum assumes that individual size, rather than species&#8217; behavioral or life history characteristics, is the primary determinant of abundance within an ecosystem. Thus, unlike traditional allometric relationships that focus on species-level data (e.g., mean species&#8217; body size vs. population density), size spectra analyses are &#8216;ataxic&#8217; &#8211; individual specimens are identified only by their size, without consideration of taxonomic identity. Size spectra models are efficient representations of traditional, complex food webs and can be used in descriptive as well as predictive contexts (e.g., predicting responses of large consumers to changes in basal resources). Empirical studies from diverse aquatic ecosystems have also reported moderate to high levels of similarity in size spectra slopes, suggesting that common processes may regulate the abundances of small and large organisms in very different settings. This is a protocol to model the community-level size spectrum in wadable streams. The protocol consists of three main steps. First, collect quantitative benthic fish and invertebrate samples that can be used to estimate local densities. Second, standardize the fish and invertebrate data by converting all individuals to ataxic units (i.e., individuals identified by size, irrespective of taxonomic identity), and summing individuals within log2 size bins. Third, use linear regression to model the relationship between ataxic M and D estimates. Detailed instructions are provided herein to complete each of these steps, including custom software to facilitate D estimation and size spectra modeling.

This is a protocol to model the size spectrum (scaling relationship between individual mass and population density) for combined fish and invertebrate data from wadable streams and rivers. Methods include: field techniques to collect quantitative fish and invertebrate samples; lab methods to standardize the field data; and statistical data analysis.

Modélisation du spectre de taille pour les macroinvertébrés et les poissons dans les écosystèmes des cours d'eau

The size spectrum is an inverse, allometric scaling relationship between average body mass (M) and the density (D) of individuals within an ecological ...

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

The aims of this study were to develop a technique for the extraction of cortisol from sturgeon fins using two washing solvents (water and isopropanol) and quantify any differences in fin cortisol levels among three main sturgeon species. Fins were harvested from 19 sacrificed sturgeons including seven beluga (Huso huso), seven Siberian (Acipenser baerii), and five sevruga (A. stellatus). The sturgeons were raised in Iranian farms for 2 years (2017-2018), and cortisol extraction analysis was conducted in South Korea (January-February 2019). Jawbones from five H. huso were also used for cortisol extraction. Data were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in the SAS environment. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 14.15 and 7.70, respectively. Briefly, the cortisol extraction technique involved washing the samples (300 &#177; 10 mg) with 3 mL of solvent (ultrapure water and isopropanol) twice, rotation at 80&#160;rpm for 2.5 min, air-drying the washed samples at room temperature (22-28 &#176;C) for 7 days, further drying the samples using a bead beater at 50 Hz for 32 min and grinding them into powder, applying 1.5 mL methanol to the dried powder (75 &#177; 5 mg), and slow rotation (40 rpm) for 18 h at room temperature with continuous mixing. Following extraction, samples were centrifuged (9,500 x g for 10 min), and 1 mL supernatant was transferred into a new microcentrifuge tube (1.5 mL), incubated at 38 &#176;C to evaporate the methanol, and analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No differences were observed in fin cortisol levels among species or in fin and jawbone cortisol levels between washing solvents. The results of this study demonstrate that the sturgeon jawbone matrix is a promising alternative stress indicator to solid matrices.

In this study, we present a protocol for cortisol extraction from the fin and jawbone of sturgeon species. Fin and jawbone cortisol levels were further examined by comparing two washing solvents followed by ELISA assays. This study piloted the feasibility of jawbone cortisol as a novel stress indicator.

Extraction de cortisol à partir de matrices de nageoires d'esturgeon et de mâchoires

The aims of this study were to develop a technique for the extraction of cortisol from sturgeon fins using two washing solvents (water and isopropanol) ...

Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts

Recent studies have shown that ocean acidification affects olfactory-driven behavior in fish. This may be due in part to a reduction in olfactory sensitivity in high PCO2/low pH water. To assess the effects of ocean acidification, or olfactory sensitivity in marine fish in general, we propose that extracellular multi-unit recording from the olfactory nerve is the method of choice. Although invasive, it is sensitive, robust, reproducible and independent of external salinity (unlike the electro-olfactogram [EOG], for example). Furthermore, it records a primary sensory input into the CNS, prior to any central processing. We show that this method can show a reduction in olfactory sensitivity that is both temporary and odorant-dependent, using a range of amino acids to construct concentration-response curves and calculate the thresholds of detection.

Extracellular multi-unit recording from the olfactory nerve is a sensitive, robust and reproducible method for assessing olfactory sensitivity in marine fish. It records primary sensory input and is independent of external salinity.

Enregistrement extracellulaire multi-unités du nerf olfactif des téléosts

Recent studies have shown that ocean acidification affects olfactory-driven behavior in fish. This may be due in part to a reduction in olfactory ...

Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis

Behavioral responses of aquatic organisms to environmental contaminants can be precursors of other effects such as survival, growth, or reproduction. However, these responses may be subtle, and measurement can be challenging. Using juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) with copper exposures, this paper illustrates techniques used for quantifying behavioral responses using computer assisted video and digital image analysis. In previous studies severe impairments in swimming behavior were observed among early life stage white sturgeon during acute and chronic exposures to copper. Sturgeon behavior was rapidly impaired and to the extent that survival in the field would be jeopardized, as fish would be swept downstream, or readily captured by predators. The objectives of this investigation were to illustrate protocols to quantify swimming activity during a series of acute copper exposures to determine time to effect during early lifestage development, and to understand the significance of these responses relative to survival of these vulnerable early lifestage fish. With mortality being on a time continuum, determining when copper first affects swimming ability helps us to understand the implications for population level effects. The techniques used are readily adaptable to experimental designs with other organisms and stressors.

Measuring the impacts of environmental contaminants on fish behavior is often subjective and challenging particularly when dealing with sublethal endpoints. We describe methods including video technology to quantify swimming behavior of early life stage white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) during and after 96 hr acute exposures to various concentrations of copper.

Quantifier Poisson Natation Comportement en réponse à une exposition aiguë de cuivre aqueux assistées par ordinateur et vidéo numérique Analyse d&#39;image

Behavioral responses of aquatic organisms to environmental contaminants can be precursors of other effects such as survival, growth, or reproduction.  ...

Neurosciences

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Procédure améliorée pour obtenir des ovocytes de poisson-zèbre de stade I sans cellules Granulosa

Rapid Isolation of Stage I Oocytes in Zebrafish Devoid of Granulosa Cells

The study of oocyte development holds significant implications in developmental biology. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used as a model organism to investigate early developmental processes from oocyte to embryo. In zebrafish, oocytes are surrounded by a single layer of somatic granulosa cells. However, separating granulosa cells from oocytes poses a challenge, as achieving pure oocytes is crucial for precise analysis. Although various methods have been proposed to isolate zebrafish oocytes at different developmental stages, current techniques fall short in removing granulosa cells completely, limiting the accuracy of genome analysis focused solely on oocytes. In this study, we successfully developed a rapid and efficient process for isolating pure stage I oocytes in zebrafish while eliminating granulosa cell contamination. This technique facilitates biochemical and molecular analysis, particularly in exploring epigenetic and genome structure aspects specific to oocytes. Notably, the method is user-friendly, minimizes oocyte damage, and provides a practical solution for subsequent research and analysis.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Méthode améliorée pour isoler les ovocytes purs de poisson-zèbre de stade I

This protocol describes a modified procedure for rapidly isolating clean stage I oocytes in zebrafish devoid of granulosa cells, thereby providing a convenient method for oocyte-specific research.

Isolement rapide d’ovocytes de stade I chez un poisson-zèbre dépourvu de cellules de granulosa

The study of oocyte development holds significant implications in developmental biology. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used as a model ...

Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

The study of hearing and balance rests upon insights drawn from biophysical studies of model systems. One such model, the sacculus of the American bullfrog, has become a mainstay of auditory and vestibular research. Studies of this organ have revealed how sensory cells hair can actively detect signals from the environment. Because of these studies, we now better understand the mechanical gating and localization of a hair cell&#39;s transduction channels, calcium&#39;s role in mechanical adaptation, and the identity of hair cell currents. This highly accessible organ continues to provide insight into the workings of hair cells. Here we describe the preparation of the bullfrog&#39;s sacculus for biophysical studies on its hair cells. We include the complete dissection procedure and provide specific protocols for the preparation of the sacculus in specific contexts. We additionally include representative results using this preparation, including the calculation of a hair bundle&#39;s instantaneous force-displacement relation and measurement of a bundle&#39;s spontaneous oscillation.

Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

The American bullfrog&#39;s (Rana catesbeiana) sacculus permits direct examination of hair-cell physiology. Here the dissection and preparation of the bullfrog&#39;s sacculus for biophysical studies is described. We show representative experiments from these hair cells, including the calculation of a bundle&#39;s force-displacement relation and measurement of its unforced motion.

Méthode alternative de Retrait otolithes de Sturgeon

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