עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי מענקים ED מן ס ג&#39;יימס מקדונל קרן 21 תוכנית פרס רח&#39; המאה, ואת פרס ממציא ניו מנהל של NIH. במודלים של GAB נתמך בחלקו על ידי מענק דוקטורט ממכון קליפורניה של רפואה רגנרטיבית.

<ol>
	<li>Diaz, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One+Decade+Later:+What+has+Gene+Expression+Profiling+Told+us+About+Neuronal+Cell+Types,+Brain+Function+and+Disease.">One Decade Later: What has Gene Expression Profiling Told us About Neuronal Cell Types, Brain Function and Disease.</a> Curr Genomics. 10, 318-318 (2009).</li><li>Barisone, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Expression profiling in Neuroscience, edited by Ioannis Karamanos. , (2010).</li><li>Gelder, R. N. V. a. n. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amplified+RNA+synthesized+from+limited+quantities+of+heterogeneous+cDNA.">Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87, 1663-1663 (1990).</li></ol>

אין ניגודי אינטרסים הכריז.

פרופיל הביטוי עם microarrays DNA מספק גישה פשוטה לזיהוי גנים הביע באופן דיפרנציאלי בין שתי דגימות ביולוגיות. פרופיל מוצלח ניסויים ביטוי דורשים איכות גבוהה דגימות רנ&quot;א, תיוג חזקים הכלאה. מניסיוננו, מערכי מסחריים ערכות תיוג של Agilent לספק נתונים באיכות גבוהה במחיר סביר. בעוד Agilent מציעה גם ההכלאה שלהם במכונות סריקה, אנחנו בעד מערכת הכלאה בין רוש-NimbleGen ואת 4000B GenePix סורק microarray מן התקנים מולקולריים. ראוי לציין, כי יחידת Roche-NimbleGen הכלאה היה ידוע בעבר בשם מערכת הכלאה מאווי. לאחר הרכישה האחרונה של החברה על ידי חברת רוש, מערבלי A4 שהופסקו. נכון לרגע כתיבת שורות אלה, הם עדיין יכולים למצוא דרך מוכרים אחרים כגון Kreatech אבחון ( <a href="http://www.kreatech.com/">www.kreatech.com</a> ; אתר זה מציע גם כלי נוח תאימות במערך), אבל לטווח ארוך זמינות מלאי אינה ודאית. מערכות הכלאה אחרים זמינים (לדוגמה, מ - Agilent), אולם אם מערבלי תואם ניתן למצוא את מערך בשימוש, אנו ממליצים על המערכת של רוש, NimbleGen עבור איכותו reproducibility.

<table><tbody><tr><td>2100 Bioanalyzer</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>G2943CA</td><td>Includes chip priming station, vortexer, software and laptop computer</td></tr><tr><td>2100 Bioanalyzer electrophoresis set</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>G2947CA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNA 6000 Nano kit</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>5067-1511</td><td>includes size ladder, marker, gel matrix, dye, electrode cleaners, spin filters and nanochips</td></tr><tr><td>RNase Zap</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>AM9780M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quick Amp labeling kit, two-color</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>5190-0444</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNeasy mini kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>74104</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gene Expression Hybridization Kit</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>5188-542</td><td>Includes Blocking agent, Fragmentation buffer and Hybridization buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Gene Expression Wash Buffer Kit</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>5188-5327</td><td>Includes Wash Buffers 1 and 2 and Triton X-102</td></tr><tr><td>Hybridization Station</td><td>Roche Group</td><td>05223652001</td><td>4-slide model</td></tr><tr><td>Hybridization System Accesory Kit</td><td>Roche Group</td><td>05327695001</td><td>Contains verification assembly for testing mixing, replacement O-rings, disassembly tool, forceps and brayer</td></tr><tr><td>A4 mixer hybridization chambers</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Whole Human Genome (4x44) Oligo Microarray</td><td>Agilent Technologies</td><td>G4112F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Positive displacement pipette</td><td>Gilson, Inc.</td><td>F148504</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Capillary pistons for positive displacement pipette</td><td>Gilson, Inc.</td><td>F148415</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microarray dryer</td><td>Nimblegen</td><td>05223636001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microarray fluorescent scanner, Axon GenePix 4000B</td><td>Molecular Devices</td><td>GENEPIX4000B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GenePix Pro 6.0 software</td><td>Molecular Devices</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

dna microarrays: sample quality control, array hybridization and scanning

פרופיל microarray ביטוי של מערכת העצבים מספק גישה רב עוצמה לזיהוי פעילויות גן בשלבים שונים של פיתוח, או מצבים פיזיולוגיים פתולוגיים שונים, התגובה לטיפול, ובאופן כללי, כל מצב זה נבדק בניסוי 1. פרופיל הביטוי של רקמות עצביות דורש בידוד של איכות גבוהה RNA, הגברה של רנ&quot;א מבודד הכלאה כדי microarrays DNA. במאמר זה נתאר פרוטוקולים לניסויים microarray לשחזור מרקמת המוח הגידול 2. נתחיל ידי ביצוע בקרת איכות ניתוח של דגימות RNA בודד עם 2100 של Agilent Bioanalyzer טכנולוגיית &quot;מעבדה על שבב&quot;. איכות גבוהה דגימות RNA הם קריטיים להצלחת הניסוי כל microarray, ואת 2100 Bioanalyzer מספק מדידה מהירה, כמותית של איכות המדגם. דגימות RNA הם מוגבר אז שכותרתו ידי ביצוע שעתוק לאחור כדי לקבל cDNA, ואחריו ב שעתוק במבחנה בנוכחות של נוקלאוטידים שכותרתו לייצר Crna שכותרתו. באמצעות ערכת כפול צבע תיוג, אנו תווית מדגם הניסוי שלנו עם Cy3 ו מדגם התייחסות עם Cy5. דגימות הן מכן ניתן יהיה משולב הכלאה למערכי 4x44 של Agilent K. Dual-צבע מערכים להציע את היתרון של השוואה ישירה בין שתי דגימות רנ&quot;א, ובכך להגדיל את רמת הדיוק של המדידות, בפרט עבור שינויים קטנים ברמות הביטוי, כי שתי דגימות RNA הם הכלאה תחרותי כדי microarray יחיד. מערכים ייסרקו על שני אורכי הגל המתאים, יחס אות Cy3 כדי Cy5 עבור כל תכונה תשמש מדידה ישירה של השפע היחסי של mRNA המתאים. ניתוח זה מזהה את הגנים באים לידי ביטוי באופן דיפרנציאלי בתגובה תנאי הניסוי נבדק.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about DNA Microarrays: Sample Quality Control, Array Hybridization and Scanning at JoVE.com

DNA Microarrays: Sample Quality Control, Array Hybridization and Scanning

אנו מדגימים את השימוש microarrays DNA עבור פרופיל הביטוי של מערכת העצבים. אנו מתארים לשלוט RNA איכות, תיוג המדגם, הכלאה מערך סריקה.

Microarrays DNA: בקרת איכות המדגם, הכלאת מערך סריקה ו

Microarray expression profiling of the nervous system provides a powerful approach to identifying gene activities in different stages of development, ...

dna-microarrays-sample-quality-control-array-hybridization

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

37.9K Views.  University of California, Davis. אנו מדגימים את השימוש microarrays DNA עבור פרופיל הביטוי של מערכת העצבים. אנו מתארים לשלוט RNA איכות, תיוג המדגם, הכלאה מערך סריקה.

Video: DNA Microarrays: Sample Quality Control, Array Hybridization and Scanning

ampliPHOX Colorimetric Detection on a DNA Microarray for Influenza

DNA microarrays have emerged as a powerful tool for pathogen detection.1-5 For instance, many examples of the ability to type and subtype influenza virus have been demonstrated.6-11 The identification and subtyping of influenza on DNA microarrays has applications in both public health and the clinic for early detection, rapid intervention, and minimizing the impact of an influenza pandemic. Traditional fluorescence is currently the most commonly used microarray detection method. However, as microarray technology progresses towards clinical use,1 replacing expensive instrumentation with low cost detection technology exhibiting similar performance characteristics to fluorescence will make microarray assays more attractive and cost-effective.
The ampliPHOX colorimetric detection technology is intended for research applications, and has a limit of detection within one order of magnitude of traditional fluorescence11, with a main advantage being an approximate ten-fold lower instrument cost compared to the confocal microarray scanners required for fluorescence microarray detection. Another advantage is the compact size of the instrument which allows for portability and flexibility, unlike traditional fluorescence instruments. Because the polymerization technology is not as inherently linear as fluorescence detection, however, it is best suited for lower density microarray applications in which a yes/no answer for the presence of a certain sequence is desired, such as for pathogen detection arrays. Currently the maximum spot density compatible with ampliPHOX detection is &tilde;1800 spots/array. Because of the spot density limitations, higher density microarrays are not suitable for ampliPHOX detection.
Here, we present ampliPHOX colorimetric detection technology as a method of signal amplification on a low density microarray developed for the detection and characterization of influenza viruses (FluChip). Although this protocol uses the FluChip (a DNA microarray) as one specific application of ampliPHOX detection, any microarray incorporating biotinylated target can be labeled and detected in a similar manner. The microarray design and biotinylation of the target to be captured are the responsibility of the user. Once the biotinylated target has been captured on the array, ampliPHOX detection can be performed by first tagging the array with a streptavidin-label conjugate (ampliTAG). Upon light exposure using the ampliPHOX Reader instrument, polymerization of a monomer solution (ampliPHY) occurs only in regions containing ampliTAG-labeled targets. The polymer formed can be subsequently stained with a non-toxic solution to improve visual contrast, followed by imaging and analysis using a simple software package (ampliVIEW). The entire FluChip assay from un-extracted sample to result can be performed in about 6 hours, and the ampliPHOX detection steps described above can be completed in about 30 min.

ampliPHOX colorimetric detection technology is presented as an inexpensive alternative to fluorescence detection for microarrays. Based on photopolymerization, ampliPHOX produces solid polymer spots visible to the naked eye in just a few minutes. Results are then imaged and automatically interpreted with a simple yet powerful software package.

ampliPHOX איתור Colorimetric על ה-DNA microarray לשפעת

DNA microarrays have emerged as a powerful tool for pathogen detection.1-5  For instance, many examples of the ability to type and subtype influenza virus ...

Immunology and Infection

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Mutants are invaluable genetic resources for gene function studies. To generate mutant collections, three types of mutagens can be utilized, including biological such as T-DNA or transposon, chemical such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), or physical such as ionization radiation. The type of mutation observed varies depending on the mutagen used. For ionization radiation induced mutants, mutations include deletion, duplication, or rearrangement. While T-DNA or transposon-based mutagenesis is limited to species that are susceptible to transformation, chemical or physical mutagenesis can be applied to a broad range of species. However, the characterization of mutations derived from chemical or physical mutagenesis traditionally relies on a map-based cloning approach, which is labor intensive and time consuming. Here, we show that a high-density genome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) platform can be applied to efficiently detect and characterize copy number variations (CNVs) in mutants derived from fast neutron bombardment (FNB) mutagenesis in Medicago truncatula, a legume species. Whole genome sequence analysis shows that there are more than 50,000 genes or gene models in M. truncatula. At present, FNB-induced mutants in M. truncatula are derived from more than 150,000 M1 lines, representing invaluable genetic resources for functional studies of genes in the genome. The aCGH platform described here is an efficient tool for characterizing FNB-induced mutants in M. truncatula.

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

This protocol provides experimental steps and information about reagents, equipment, and analysis tools for researchers who are interested in carrying out whole genome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of copy number variations in plants.

מבוסס על מערך השוואתי גנומית הכלאה פלטפורמה יעילה לזיהוי של עותק מספר וריאציות במוטציות מהר ניוטרון-induced אספסת truncatula

Mutants are invaluable genetic resources for gene function studies. To generate mutant collections, three types of mutagens can be utilized, including ...

Genetics

Technical Demonstration of Whole Genome Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) is a method for detecting gains and losses of DNA segments or gene dosage in the genome 1. Recent advances in this technology have enabled high resolution comparison of whole genomes for the identification of genetic alterations in cancer and other genetic diseases 2. The Sub-Megabase Resolution Tiling-set array (or SMRT) array is comprised of a set of approximately thirty thousand overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that span the human genome in ~100 kilobase pair (kb) segments 2. These BAC targets are individually synthesized and spotted in duplicate on a single glass slide 2-4. Array CGH is based on the principle of competitive hybridization. Sample and reference DNA are differentially labeled with Cyanine-3 and Cyanine-5 fluorescent dyes, and co-hybridized to the array. After an incubation period the unbound samples are washed from the slide and the array is imaged. A freely available custom software package called SeeGH (www.flintbox.ca) is used to process the large volume of data collected - a single experiment generates 53,892 data points. SeeGH visualizes the log2 signal intensity ratio between the 2 samples at each BAC target which is vertically aligned with chromosomal position 5,6. The SMRT array can detect alterations as small as 50 kb in size 7. The SMRT array can detect a variety of DNA rearrangement events including DNA gains, losses, amplifications and homozygous deletions. A unique advantage of the SMRT array is that one can use DNA isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples. When combined with the low input requirements of unamplified DNA (25-100ng) this allows profiling of precious samples such as those produced by microdissection 7,8. This is attributed to the large size of each BAC hybridization target that allows the binding of sufficient labeled samples to produce signals for detection. Another advantage of this platform is the tolerance of tissue heterogeneity, decreasing the need for tedious tissue microdissection 8. This video protocol is a step-by-step tutorial from labeling the input DNA through to signal acquisition for the whole genome tiling path SMRT array.

This video is a technical demonstration of the hybridization protocol for whole genome tiling path array CGH, which scans the entire human genome using only 25-100 ng of DNA that can be isolated from a variety of sources, including archival formalin fixed material.

הפגנה טכנית של הכלאה שלמות מערך הגנום הגנום השוואתי

Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) is a method for detecting gains and losses of DNA segments or gene dosage in the genome 1.  Recent ...

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries

Photolithography is a powerful technique for the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides on glass slides, as it combines the efficiency of phosphoramidite coupling reactions with the precision and density of UV light reflected from micrometer-sized mirrors. Photolithography yields microarrays that can accommodate from hundreds of thousands up to several million different DNA sequences, 100-nt or longer, in only a few hours. With this very large sequence space, microarrays are ideal platforms for exploring the mechanisms of nucleic acid&#183;ligand interactions, which are particularly relevant in the case of RNA. We recently reported on the preparation of a new set of RNA phosphoramidites compatible with in situ photolithography and which were subsequently used to grow RNA oligonucleotides, homopolymers as well as mixed-base sequences. Here, we illustrate in detail the process of RNA microarray fabrication, from the experimental design, to instrumental setup, array synthesis, deprotection and final hybridization assay using a template 25mer sequence containing all four bases as an example. In parallel, we go beyond hybridization-based experiments and exploit microarray photolithography as an inexpensive gateway to complex nucleic acid libraries. To do so, high-density DNA microarrays are fabricated on a base-sensitive monomer that allows the DNA to be conveniently cleaved and retrieved after synthesis and deprotection. The fabrication protocol is optimized so as to limit the number of synthetic errors and to that effect, a layer of &#946;-carotene solution is introduced to absorb UV photons that may otherwise reflect back onto the synthesis substrates. We describe in a step-by-step manner the complete process of library preparation, from design to cleavage and quantification.

In this article, we present and discuss new developments in the synthesis and applications of nucleic acid microarrays fabricated in situ. Specifically, we show how the protocols for DNA synthesis can be extended to RNA and how microarrays can be used to create retrievable nucleic acid libraries.

בצפיפות גבוהה DNA ו-RNA מיקרומערכים-פוטוליתוגרפיה סינתזה, היברידיזציה והכנת ספריות גרעין גדול חומצות

Photolithography is a powerful technique for the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides on glass slides, as it combines the efficiency of phosphoramidite ...

Global Gene Expression Analysis Using a Zebrafish Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform

Gene microarray technology permits quantitative measurement and gene expression profiling of transcript levels on a genome-wide basis. Gene microarray technology is used in numerous biological disciplines in a variety of applications including global gene expression analysis in relation to developmental stage, to a disease state, and in toxic responses. Herein, we include a demonstration of global gene expression analysis using a comprehensive zebrafish-specific oligonucleotide microarray platform. The zebrafish expression microarray platform contains 385,000 probes, 60 base pairs in length, interrogating 37,157 targets with up to 12 probes per target. For this platform, all cDNA and genomic information available for the zebrafish was collected from various genomic databases including Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org), VEGA (http://vega.sanger.ac.uk), UCSC (http://genome.ucsc.edu), and ZFIN (http://www.zfin.org). As a result this expression array provides complete coverage of the current zebrafish transcriptome. The zebrafish expression microarray was printed by Roche NimbleGen (Madison, WI). This technical demonstration includes the fluorescent labeling of a cDNA product, hybridization of the labeled cDNA product to the microarray platform, and array scanning for signal acquisition using the one color analysis strategy.  

Gene microarrays are powerful tools in gene expression profiling at a genome-wide level. This technology has application in a variety of biological disciplines including developmental biology and toxicology. In this video, we detail a protocol for global gene expression analysis using a comprehensive oligonucleotide microarray platform for the zebrafish.

Gene Expression גלובל ניתוח באמצעות פלטפורמה דג הזברה microarray oligonucleotide

Gene microarray technology permits quantitative measurement and gene expression profiling of transcript levels on a genome-wide basis. Gene microarray ...

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

Sequencing RNAs that co-immunoprecipitate (co-IP) with RNA binding proteins has increased our understanding of splicing by demonstrating that binding location often influences function of a splicing factor.  However, as with any sampling strategy the chance of identifying an RNA bound to a splicing factor is proportional to its cellular abundance.  We have developed a novel in vitro approach for surveying binding specificity on otherwise transient pre-mRNA. This approach utilizes a specifically designed oligonucleotide pool that tiles across introns, exons, splice junctions, or other pre-mRNA.  The pool is subjected to some kind of molecular selection. Here, we demonstrate the method by separating the oligonucleotide into a bound and unbound fraction and utilize a two color array strategy to record the enrichment of each oligonucleotide in the bound fraction. The array data generates high-resolution maps with the ability to identify sequence-specific and structural determinates of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) binding on pre-mRNA.  A unique advantage to this method is its ability to avoid the sampling bias towards mRNA associated with current IP and SELEX techniques, as the pool is specifically designed and synthesized from pre-mRNA sequence. The flexibility of the oligonucleotide pool is another advantage since the experimenter chooses which regions to study and tile across, tailoring the pool to their individual needs.  Using this technique, one can assay the effects of polymorphisms or mutations on binding on a large scale or clone the library into a functional splicing reporter and identify oligonucleotides that are enriched in the included fraction.  This novel in vitro high-resolution mapping scheme provides a unique way to study RNP interactions with transient pre-mRNA species, whose low abundance makes them difficult to study with current in vivo techniques.  



A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins RNPs on Human pre-mRNA

Due to the transient nature of pre-mRNA, it can be difficult to isolate and study in vivo. Here, we present a novel in vitro approach to investigate RNA-protein interactions using a synthetic oligo pool that tiles across selected regions of pre-mRNA.

שיטה מהירה תפוקה גבוהה עבור Ribonucleoproteins מיפוי (RNPs) על mRNA מראש אדם

Sequencing RNAs that co-immunoprecipitate (co-IP) with RNA binding proteins has increased our understanding of splicing by demonstrating that binding ...

Competitive Genomic Screens of Barcoded Yeast Libraries

By virtue of advances in next generation sequencing technologies, we have access to new genome sequences almost daily. The tempo of these advances is accelerating, promising greater depth and breadth. In light of these extraordinary advances, the need for fast, parallel methods to define gene function becomes ever more important. Collections of genome-wide deletion mutants in yeasts and E. coli have served as workhorses for functional characterization of gene function, but this approach is not scalable, current gene-deletion approaches require each of the thousands of genes that comprise a genome to be deleted and verified. Only after this work is complete can we pursue high-throughput phenotyping. Over the past decade, our laboratory has refined a portfolio of competitive, miniaturized, high-throughput genome-wide assays that can be performed in parallel. This parallelization is possible because of the inclusion of DNA 'tags', or 'barcodes,' into each mutant, with the barcode serving as a proxy for the mutation and one can measure the barcode abundance to assess mutant fitness. In this study, we seek to fill the gap between DNA sequence and barcoded mutant collections. To accomplish this we introduce a combined transposon disruption-barcoding approach that opens up parallel barcode assays to newly sequenced, but poorly characterized microbes. To illustrate this approach we present a new Candida albicans barcoded disruption collection and describe how both microarray-based and next generation sequencing-based platforms can be used to collect 10,000 - 1,000,000 gene-gene and drug-gene interactions in a single experiment.

We have developed comprehensive, unbiased genome-wide screens to understand gene-drug and gene-environment interactions. Methods for screening these mutant collections are presented.

מסכי הגנום תחרותי של ספריות שמרים המבורקדים

By virtue of advances in next generation sequencing technologies, we have access to new genome sequences almost daily.  The tempo of these advances is ...

Performing Custom MicroRNA Microarray Experiments

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of &tilde; 22 nucleotides (nt) long RNA molecules that are widely expressed in eukaryotes 1. Complex genomes encode at least hundreds of miRNAs, which primarily inhibit the expression of a vast number of target genes post-transcriptionally 2, 3. miRNAs control a broad range of biological processes 1. In addition, altered miRNA expression has been associated with human diseases such as cancers, and miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for diseases and prognosis 4, 5. It is important, therefore, to understand the expression and functions of miRNAs under many different conditions.
Three major approaches have been employed to profile miRNA expression: real-time PCR, microarray, and deep sequencing. The technique of miRNA microarray has the advantage of being high-throughput, generally less expensive, and most of the experimental and analysis steps can be carried out in a molecular biology laboratory at most universities, medical schools and associated hospitals. Here, we describe a method for performing custom miRNA microarray experiments. A miRNA probe set will be printed on glass slides to produce miRNA microarrays. RNA is isolated using a method or reagent that preserves small RNA species, and then labeled with a fluorescence dye. As a control, reference DNA oligonucleotides corresponding to a subset of miRNAs are also labeled with a different fluorescence dye. The reference DNA will serve to demonstrate the quality of the slide and hybridization and will also be used for data normalization. The RNA and DNA are mixed and hybridized to a microarray slide containing probes for most of the miRNAs in the database. After washing, the slide is scanned to obtain images, and intensities of the individual spots quantified. These raw signals will be further processed and analyzed as the expression data of the corresponding miRNAs. Microarray slides can be stripped and regenerated to reduce the cost of microarrays and to enhance the consistency of microarray experiments. The same principles and procedures are applicable to other types of custom microarray experiments.

A simple procedure of performing custom microRNA microarray experiments is described. The steps include isolating RNA, labeling RNA and reference DNA, hybridizing the samples to microarrays, scanning the microarrays, quantifying and analyzing hybridization signals.

ביצוע ניסויים אישית microarray MicroRNA

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of &tilde; 22 nucleotides (nt) long RNA molecules that are widely expressed in eukaryotes 1.  Complex genomes encode ...

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

In vivo methods such as ChIP-chip are well-established techniques used to determine global gene targets for transcription factors. However, they are of limited use in exploring bacterial two component regulatory systems with uncharacterized activation conditions. Such systems regulate transcription only when activated in the presence of unique signals. Since these signals are often unknown, the in vitro microarray based method described in this video article can be used to determine gene targets and binding sites for response regulators. This DNA-affinity-purified-chip method may be used for any purified regulator in any organism with a sequenced genome. The protocol involves allowing the purified tagged protein to bind to sheared genomic DNA and then affinity purifying the protein-bound DNA, followed by fluorescent labeling of the DNA and hybridization to a custom tiling array. Preceding steps that may be used to optimize the assay for specific regulators are also described. The peaks generated by the array data analysis are used to predict binding site motifs, which are then experimentally validated. The motif predictions can be further used to determine gene targets of orthologous response regulators in closely related species. We demonstrate the applicability of this method by determining the gene targets and binding site motifs and thus predicting the function for a sigma54-dependent response regulator DVU3023 in the environmental bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough.

DNA-affinity-purified Chip DAP-chip Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

This video article describes an in vitro microarray based method to determine the gene targets and binding sites for two component system response regulators.

שיטת צ&#39;יפ (DAP-שבב) מטוהרת-DNA-זיקה לקביעת מטרות גן לחיידקית שתי מערכות רגולטוריות רכיב

In vivo methods such as ChIP-chip are well-established techniques used to determine global gene targets for transcription factors. However, they are of ...

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Array CGH for the detection of genomic copy number variants has replaced G-banded karyotype analysis. This paper describes the technology and its application in a clinical diagnostic service laboratory. DNA extracted from a patient&#8217;s sample (blood, saliva or other tissue types) is labeled with a fluorochrome (either cyanine 5 or cyanine 3). A reference DNA sample is labeled with the opposite fluorochrome. There follows a cleanup step to remove unincorporated nucleotides before the labeled DNAs are mixed and resuspended in a hybridization buffer and applied to an array comprising ~60,000 oligonucleotide probes from loci across the genome, with high probe density in clinically important areas. Following hybridization, the arrays are washed, then scanned and the resulting images are analyzed to measure the red and green fluorescence for each probe. Software is used to assess the quality of each probe measurement, calculate the ratio of red to green fluorescence and detect potential copy number variants.

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Array CGH for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Array CGH for the detection of genomic copy number variants has replaced G-banded karyotype analysis. This paper describes the technology and its application in a diagnostic service laboratory.

Microarrays DNA: בקרת איכות המדגם, הכלאת מערך סריקה ו

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