עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי CDMRP, USUHS G188LE מענקים, G188MG, וG188QC (לHL), ומרכז USUHS לחקר הטראומה.

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אין ניגודי האינטרסים הכריזו.

האבחנה של תסמונת פוסט טראומטי מתבססת על דיווח עצמי סימפטומים פסיכיאטריים (DSM IV) לפי נושאים פוטנציאליים. אין סמן ביולוגי מוגדר היטב זמין כעת לגשת למעמד pathophysiological של חולי PTSD פוטנציאליים. תסמונת פוסט טראומטי היא הפרעה שעוררה סכנת חי אירועים טראומתיים והתסמינים הפסיכיאטריים הראשיים נשארים נוכחים בחייו של ניצול השואה במשך חודשים ואף שנים לאחר האירועים הראשוניים. התסמינים הבולטים והעקביים ביותר שהתגלו בחולים עם PTSD הם hypervigilance, תגובה מאוחרות מוגזמת הלה 14, 15, 16 ופשרה, לכאורה, של ציר HPA. בבני האדם הסימפטומים האלה יישארו, או מופיעים באיחור של שלושה חודשים, לאחר הפסקה של 24 הדחק הטראומתי. המודל הנוכחי שלנו ללימודי סמן ביולוגי של PTSD מעסיק איפוק וזעזועים חוזרים ונשנים זנב במשך שלושה ימים רצופים (מפגשי 2-hr של 40, 2 tailshocks MA) - מודל שאין מנוס מן הזנב ההלם (ITS) בחולדות במשקל 150 גרמו. המודל שלה זו ישהוכח לחקות במידה משמעותית הפתופיזיולוגיה של PTSD 17, 7, 4, 10. המעבדה שלנו והמעבדות אחרות שתוודאנה כי המודל שלה ללחץ בחולדות גורם לשינויים התנהגותיים והנוירוביולוגי שדומה לאלה שנמצאו ב17 נושאים PTSD, 7, 10, 9. באופן ספציפי, חולדות לחוצות אלה תערוכה (1) תגובה מאוחרת ומוגזמת הלה מופיעה מספר ימים לאחר הפסקת לחץ, אשר בהתחשב בקנה מידת הזמן הדחוס של החיים של החולדה בהשוואה לבני אדם, מתאימה ל02:59 עיכוב החודשים של תסמינים בחולי תסמונת פוסט טראומתיים (PTSD-DSM-IV-TR Criterian D / E 13), (2) corticosterone המשופר הפלזמה (CORT) במשך כמה (10) ימים, המצביעים פשרה של ציר hypothalamopituitary (HPA), ו (3) עלייה במשקל גוף מפגרת אחרי לחץ הפסקה, המקבילה לתפקוד הלקוי של ויסות חילוף חומרים של PTSD. אין כל עדות בספרות שריח שועל, חשיפת טורף, או לחשוש מתגובה בהלה potentiated, exhiקצת פנוטיפים התנהגותיים וneuroendocrinologic המתמשכים אלה הקשורים עם PTSD. חולדות שנחשפו ללחץ מושב יחיד (1Ds) הפגינו חולפות, אך לא את הליקויים המתמשכים המוצגים על ידי 3DS 17 חולדות הניסוי הנוכחי לעומת התגובה בלה של 3DS ו1Ds חולדות 4, 7, 10 ימים ולאחר הפסקת דחק. עולה בקנה אחד עם עבודה קודמת, הדגיש חולדות הציגו CORT רמות פלזמה גבוהות basal הדחק פוסט היום הראשון 17. רמות CORT אלה היו רגישות למספר חשיפות לחץ עם רמות גבוהות יותר בחולדות CORT 3DS מאשר ב1Ds חולדות. באשר לתגובה בהלה, חולדות 1Ds מפגינות 7 ימי דחק פוסט תגובה בהלה מוגזמת, ואילו רגישות הלה מתבררת רק 10 ימי הודעת לחץ בחולדות 3DS. כך, המראה של תגובה בהלה מוגזמת לאחר הפסקה מופיע גורם לחץ להיות קשור למספר החשיפות של הפעלת לחץ. המודל לחוץ 3DS נראהלהיות שימושי כדי לקבל תובנה הביטוי של סמנים ביולוגיים הקשורים השתנה עם הסימפטומים של PTSD ופנוטיפים התנהגותיים המדידים המרכזיים הקשורים לעיתוי לאחר הפסקת המתח. תוצאות הגנומי הציגו לספק הוכחת עיקרון של יישום כלי rMNChip וביואינפורמטיקה לזהות מסלולים דיפרנציאליות, וסמנים גנטיים וחלבון, שייאפשרו לימוד מערכות ביולוגיים והבנת מנגנונים מולקולריים שבבסיס הפרעות נוירולוגיות מורכבות וmultifactorial, כולל PTSD מאוד. בעוד הפרדיגמה שלנו לא להתעמק הקוגניטיבית והיבטים התנהגותיים מורכבים יותר של PTSD, תציינו, כי דפוסי שינה משתנים במודל 1 שלו מתאימים לקושי נופל ולהישאר ישנים ואת הסיוטים של 11 (PTSD חולי PTSD-DSM-IV-TR קריטריוני ד 13), ואת הליקויים בלמידת בריחה / הימנעות ולמידה של משימת אפטטיבית במודל שלה <sup&gt; 12 מתאימים לריכוזים העניים וחסרי זיכרון של PTSD 5 (DSM-IV-TR-PTSD קריטריוני C 13). המודל הנוכחי קושר היטב עם התסמינים האופייניים של PTSD המפתח ומספק מודל טוב לcorrelating סמנים היקפיים של PTSD, שניתן לאסוף מחולים, עם סמנים מרכזיים, מכניסטית, שלא יכול 6.

biomarkers in an animal model for revealing neural, hematologic, and behavioral correlates of ptsd

זיהוי סמנים ביולוגיים המייצגים את האבולוציה של הפתופיזיולוגיה של הפרעת דחק פוסט טראומטית (PTSD) הוא חשוב וחיוני, לא רק לאבחון אובייקטיבי, אלא גם להערכת יעילות וחוסן טיפולי לטראומה. מחקר מתמשך מכוון זיהוי סמנים מולקולריים לתסמונת פוסט טראומטית, כוללים חלבונים טראומתיים מושרים, transcriptomes, סטיות גנטיות ומאפננים גנטיים, באמצעות דגימות ביולוגיות מהדם של הנבדקים, הרוק, שתן ורקמות מוח לאחר מוות. עם זאת, המתאם של מולקולות אלה סמנים ביולוגיים בדגימות היקפיות או נתיחה שלאחר מוות לתפקודי מוח המיוחסים עם תסמינים פסיכיאטריים בתסמונת פוסט טראומטי אינו פתור. כאן, אנו מציגים מודל חיה של PTSD שבשניהם סמני דם היקפי ומרכזיים במוח, כמו גם פנוטיפ התנהגותי, יכולים להיות שנאספו ונמדדו, וכך לספק את צורך המתאם של הסמנים הביולוגיים המרכזיים של PTSD, שהם מכניסטית וpathognoלא יכול להיות שנאסף דמוני אלא מאנשים, עם סמנים ההיקפיים ופנוטיפים התנהגותיים, שיכול. מודל החיה שלנו של PTSD מעסיק איפוק וזעזועים חוזרים ונשנים זנב במשך שלושה ימים רצופים - מודל שאין מנוס מן הזנב ההלם (ITS) בחולדות. מודל שלה זה מחק הפתופיזיולוגיה של PTSD 17, 7, 4, 10. אנחנו ואחרים וידאנו שהמודל שלה גורם לשינויים דומים לאלה שנמצאו ב17 נושאים PTSD, 7, 10, 9 והתנהגותיות הנוירוביולוגי. באופן ספציפי, חולדות לחוצות אלה תערוכה (1) תגובה מאוחרת ומוגזמת הלה מופיעה מספר ימים לאחר הפסקת לחץ, אשר בהתחשב בקנה מידת הזמן הדחוס של החיים של החולדה בהשוואה לבני אדם, מתאימה ל02:59 עיכוב החודשים של תסמינים בחולי תסמונת פוסט טראומתיים (DSM-IV-TR-PTSD Criterian D / E 13), (2) corticosterone המשופר הפלזמה (CORT) במשך כמה ימים, מה שמצביע פשרה של ציר hypothalamopituitary (HPA), ו (3) בו מפגררווח dy משקל לאחר הפסקת לחץ, המציין חוסר תפקוד של ויסות חילוף חומרים. הפרדיגמות הניסיוניות המועסקות עבור דגם זה הן: (1) הפרדיגמה חוסר אונים נלמד בחולדת assayed על ידי מדידה של תגובה בהלה אקוסטי (ASR) ומיפוי של מסת גוף, (2) microdissection של מוח החולדה לאזורים וגרעינים; ( 3) assay אנזים צמוד immunosorbent (ELISA) לרמות בדם של CORT; (4) microarray ביטוי גנים הקשורים בתוספת ביואינפורמטיקה כלי 18. microarray זה, המכונה rMNChip, מתמקד בגנים גרעיניים המיטוכונדריה ומיטוכונדריה הקשורה בחולדה, כדי לטפל באופן ספציפי bioenergetics העצבי המשוער להיות מעורב בתסמונת פוסט טראומטי.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD at JoVE.com

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD

אנו מתארים מודל עכברים של הפרעת פוסט טראומטית (PTSD) החושפת את השינויים המתמשכים בתפקוד נוירואנדוקריניים ותגובה המאוחרת לטווח ארוך, המוגזמת פחד, אופייניים לחולי PTSD. מודל החיה ושיטות שתוארו כאן הם שימושיים עבור correlating סמנים ביולוגיים בגרעיני מוח, שהם מכאניים אך לא ניתן למדוד בחולים, עם סמנים ביולוגיים בתאי דם לבן בפריפריה, שיכול.

סמנים ביולוגיים במודל חיה לחשיפה קושרת עצבית, המטולוגית, והתנהגות של PTSD

Identification of biomarkers representing the evolution of the pathophysiology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is vitally important, not only for ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

15.9K Views.  Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland. אנו מתארים מודל עכברים של הפרעת פוסט טראומטית (PTSD) החושפת את השינויים המתמשכים בתפקוד נוירואנדוקריניים ותגובה המאוחרת לטווח ארוך, המוגזמת פחד, אופייניים לחולי PTSD. מודל החיה ושיטות שתוארו כאן הם שימושיים עבור correlating סמנים ביולוגיים בגרעיני מוח, שהם מכאניים אך לא ...

Video: Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several techniques, including infusion of exogenous bacterial toxin (endotoxemia) or bacteria (bacteremia), as well as surgical perforation of the cecum by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)1-3. CLP allows bacteria spillage and fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity, mimicking the human clinical disease of perforated appendicitis or diverticulitis. The severity of sepsis, as reflected by the eventual mortality rates, can be controlled surgically by varying the size of the needle used for cecal puncture2. In animals, CLP induces similar, biphasic hemodynamic cardiovascular, metabolic, and immunological responses as observed during the clinical course of human sepsis3. Thus, the CLP model is considered as one of the most clinically relevant models for experimental sepsis1-3.
Various animal models have been used to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis. The lethal consequence of sepsis is attributable partly to an excessive accumulation of early cytokines (such as TNF, IL-1 and IFN-&gamma;)4-6 and late proinflammatory mediators (e.g., HMGB1)7. Compared with early proinflammatory cytokines, late-acting mediators have a wider therapeutic window for clinical applications. For instance, delayed administration of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies beginning 24 hours after CLP, still rescued mice from lethality8,9, establishing HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal sepsis. The discovery of HMGB1 as a late-acting mediator has initiated a new field of investigation for the development of sepsis therapies using Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. In this paper, we describe a procedure of CLP-induced sepsis, and its usage in screening herbal medicine for HMGB1-targeting therapies.

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, and can be simulated by a surgical technique termed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Here we describe a method to use CLP-induced animal model to screen medicinal herbs for therapeutic agents.

שימוש במודל של בעלי חיים אלח דם להערכת טיפולים צמחים רומן

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several ...

An Isolated Working Heart System for Large Animal Models

Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart model, have been invaluable tools for studying cardiovascular function and disease1-15. Although the Langendorff heart preparation can be used for any mammalian heart, most studies involving this apparatus use small animal models (e.g., mouse, rat, and rabbit) due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals1,3,11. One major difficulty is ensuring a constant coronary perfusion pressure over a range of different heart sizes &#8211; a key component of any experiment utilizing this device1,11. By replacing the classic hydrostatic afterload column with a centrifugal pump, the Langendorff working heart apparatus described below allows for easy adjustment and tight regulation of perfusion pressures, meaning the same set-up can be used for various species or heart sizes. Furthermore, this configuration can also seamlessly switch between constant pressure or constant flow during reperfusion, depending on the user&#8217;s preferences. The open nature of this setup, despite making temperature regulation more difficult than other designs, allows for easy collection of effluent and ventricular pressure-volume data.

Most studies involving the Langendorff apparatus use small animal models due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals. We describe a Langendorff system for large animal models that allows for use across a range of species, including humans, and relatively easy data acquisition.

מערכת העבודה לב מבודדת למודלים בבעלי חיים גדולים

Since its introduction in the late 19th century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart ...

Bioluminescence Imaging of an Immunocompetent Animal Model for Glioblastoma

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and histopathologic features of the human disease. When GL261 cells are implanted intracranially in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the model has the added advantage of maintaining an intact immune microenvironment. Stable expression of luciferase in GL261 cells allows non-invasive cost effective bioluminescence monitoring of intracranial tumor growth. We have recently demonstrated that luciferase expression in GL261 cells does not affect the tumor growth properties, tumor cell immunomodulatory cytokine expression, infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, or overall survival of animals bearing the intracranial tumor. Therefore, it appears that the GL261 luciferase glioma model can be useful in the study of novel chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic modalities. Here we report the technique for generating stable luciferase expression in GL261 cells and how to study the in vitro and in vivo growth of the tumor cells by bioluminescence imaging.

GL261 glioma cells provide a useful immunocompetent animal model of glioblastoma. The goals of this protocol are to demonstrate proper techniques for monitoring intracranial tumor growth using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and to verify the utility of luciferase-modified GL261 cells for studying tumor immunology and immunotherapeutic approaches for treating glioblastoma.

הדמיה פליטת אור של דגם עם מערכת חיסון בבעלי חיים לגליובלסטומה

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and ...

A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of knowledge on the injury and its effects. To develop a better understanding of concussions, animals are often used because they provide a controlled, rigorous, and efficient model. Studies have adapted traditional animal models to perform mTBI to stimulate mild injury severity by changing the injury parameters. These models have been used because they can produce morphologically similar brain injuries to the clinical condition and provide a spectrum of injury severities. However, they are limited in their ability to present the identical features of injuries in patients. Using a traditional impact system, a repetitive concussive injury (rCHI) model can induce mild to moderate human-like concussion. The injury degree can be determined by measuring the period of loss of consciousness (LOC) with a sign of a transient termination of breathing. The rCHI model is beneficial to use for its accuracy and simplicity in determining mTBI effects and potential treatments.

Concussion presents the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a repetitive concussive animal model, which replicates the important features of an injury in patients, may provide a means to study concussion in a rigorous, controlled, and efficient manner.

מודל פגיע ראש החוזרים מזעזע של עכברים

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of ...

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of spinal diseases. However, many studies have reported the issue of loosening pedicle screws after spinal surgery, which is a serious concern. To address this problem, diverse types of pedicle screws have been examined to identify those with good fixation strength and osseointegration in spine bone. The porcine spine is a good alternative for the human spine in the evaluation of pedicle screws due to the anatomical size, mechanical characteristics, and cost. Although several studies have reported that pedicle screws are efficient in the porcine model, no study has described detailed protocols for the evaluation of a pedicle screw using the porcine model. Here, we describe a detailed method for evaluating transpedicular screws using an in vivo porcine lumbar spine model. The technical details for anesthesia, spine surgery, and harvest provided here will facilitate with the evaluation of the transpedicular screw fixation model.

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Here, we introduce a method to evaluate transpedicular screws by using an in vivo porcine lumbar spine model.

הרדמה, ניתוח, שיטת הקציר להערכת ברגים transpedicular באמצעות<em&gt; בויבו</em&gt; חור שדרה מותני

Pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of spinal diseases. However, many studies have reported the issue of loosening pedicle ...

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but regardless of the approach, an in vivo model is needed to test each treatment. The pig is one of the most used large animal models for cardiovascular disease. Its heart is very similar in anatomy and function to that of a human. The ameroid placement technique creates an ischemic area of the heart, which has many useful applications in studying myocardial infarction. This model has been used for surgical research, pharmaceutical studies, imaging techniques, and cell therapies.
There are several ways of inducing an ischemic area in the heart. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but the placement of an ameroid constrictor remains the most widely used technique. The main advantages to using the ameroid are its prevalence in existing research, its availability in various sizes to accommodate the anatomy and size of the vessel to be constricted, the surgery is a relatively simple procedure, and the post-operative monitoring is minimal, since there are no external devices to maintain. This paper provides a detailed overview of the proper technique for the placement of the ameroid constrictor.

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the placement of a delayed constricting device (an ameroid constrictor) around a coronary artery in a swine model. This device creates an ischemic area of the heart that is useful for studying new diagnostic imaging techniques and new methods of treatment.

מודל איסכמיה לב כרונית של החזירים באמצעות μ Ameroid

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but ...

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Plasma coagulation as a form of electrocautery is used in liver surgery for decades to seal the large liver cut surface after major hepatectomy to prevent hemorrhages at a later stage. The exact effects of plasma coagulation on liver tissue are only poorly examined. In our porcine model, the coagulation effects can be examined close to the clinical application. A combined laser Doppler flowmeter and spectrophotometer documents microcirculation changes during coagulation at 8 mm tissue depth noninvasively, providing quantifiable information about hemostasis beyond the subjective clinical impression. The temperature at coagulation site is assessed with an infrared thermometer prior and post coagulation and with a thermographic camera during coagulation, a measurement of the gas beam temperature is not possible due to the upper threshold of the devices. The depth of coagulation is measured microscopically on hematoxylin/eosin stained sections after calibration with an object micrometer and gives an exact information about the power setting-coagulation depth-relation. The sealing effect is examined on the bile ducts as it is not possible for a plasma coagulator to seal larger blood vessels. Burst pressure experiments are carried out on explanted organs to rule out blood pressure related effects.

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Here we present a protocol to experimentally assess plasma coagulation in liver tissue in vivo. In a porcine model, microcirculation is examined by laser Doppler, coagulation depth is measured histologically, temperature at coagulation site by infrared thermometer and thermographic camera, and duct sealing effect is documented by burst pressure experiments.

הערכה של קרישה בפלסמה על רקמת הכבד במודל חיה גדולה In Vivo

Plasma coagulation as a form of electrocautery is used in liver surgery for decades to seal the large liver cut surface after major hepatectomy to prevent ...

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Intraoperative injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can cause vocal cord paralysis, which interferes with speech and can potentially interfere with breathing. In recent years, intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) has been widely adapted as an adjunct technique to localize the RLN, detect RLN injury, and predict vocal cord function during the operations. Many studies have also used animal models to investigate new applications of IONM technology and to develop reliable strategies for preventing intraoperative RLN injury. The aim of this article is to introduce a standard protocol for using a porcine model in IONM research. The article demonstrates the procedures for inducing general anesthesia, performing tracheal intubation, and experimental design to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of RLN injuries. Applications of this protocol can improve overall efficacy in implementing the 3R principle (replacement, reduction and refinement) in porcine IONM studies.

This study aims to develop a standard protocol of intra-operative neural monitoring of thyroid surgery in a porcine model. Here, we present a protocol to demonstrate general anesthesia, to compare different types of electrodes, and to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of the normal and injured recurrent laryngeal nerves.

ניטור עצבית אינטרה-פעיל של ניתוח בלוטת התריס במודל חזירי

Intraoperative injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can cause vocal cord paralysis, which interferes with speech and can potentially interfere ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Contractility איזומטרי מדידה של עורק מצע המעי העליון העכבר באמצעות חוט Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Manufacture of a Multi-Purpose Low-Cost Animal Bench-Model for Teaching Tracheostomy

Tracheostomy is one of the most frequent procedures, performed through various techniques in the intensive care unit and emergency situations. Despite this, there is a lack of training on this procedure that affects its outcome, which is also dependent on operator's dexterity. Here, we take the specific training and simulation into consideration. This article aims to describe every step of the manufacture of a new multi-purpose low-cost animal bench-model, with the support of video and images, and to obtain an opinion about the quality of this model by administering a questionnaire to professionals with experience in the procedures. 
Ten experts in the technique were enrolled. The model scored an average of 3.45/5 for its anatomical realism; 4.75/5 for its usefulness as a training tool for simulation courses and assessments. The time necessary to build the model was 15 minutes, and the cost amounted to 10&#8364;. The animal bench-model was considered a very useful simulator for tracheostomy training and assessments. Therefore, it could be used as a tool for medical courses and residencies.

This article illustrates every step of the manufacture of a new multi-purpose low-cost animal bench-model for subglottic airway access management. All the procedures are shown in the video. The model's realism and its suitability for training the given clinical maneuvers were assessed by independent senior otolaryngologists and anesthesiologists.

ייצור מדגם רב תכליתי של בעלי חיים בעלות נמוכה להוראה בקנה מאוזן

Tracheostomy is one of the most frequent procedures, performed through various techniques in the intensive care unit and emergency situations. Despite ...