עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי NIH / NIBIB מענקי R00 EB009105 (לNFS) וP30 EB011317 (לNFS), NIH / NIBIB אימוני מענק T32 EB007509 (לAMW), מקרה Reserve University הבינתחומי הברית השקעות גרנט המערבי (לNFS), ומקרה מקיף במרכז סרטן מענק P30 CA043703 (לNFS). אנו מודים לחוקרי הסטודנטים לתואר הראשונים שטינמץ מעבדתם לידות על תמיכה: נדיה איאת, קווין חן, אינדונזית (סיד) דיי, אליס יאנג, סם אלכסנדר, קרייג ד &#39;קרוז, סטיבן הרן, לורן רנדולף, בריאן אז, ופול Chariou .

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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure-based+engineering+of+an+icosahedral+virus+for+nanomedicine+and+nanotechnology.">Structure-based engineering of an icosahedral virus for nanomedicine and nanotechnology.</a> Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol. 327, 23-58 (2009).</li><li>Jung, B., Rao, A. L., Anvari, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+Nano-Constructs+Composed+of+Genome-Depleted+Brome+Mosaic+Virus+Doped+with+a+Near+Infrared+Chromophore+for+Potential+Biomedical+Applications.">Optical Nano-Constructs Composed of Genome-Depleted Brome Mosaic Virus Doped with a Near Infrared Chromophore for Potential Biomedical Applications.</a> ACS Nano. , (2011).</li><li>Leong, H. S., Steinmetz, N. F., Ablack, A., Destito, G., Zijlstra, A., Stuhlmann, H., Manchester, M., Lewis, J. 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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-surface+modification+of+the+tobacco+mosaic+virus.">Dual-surface modification of the tobacco mosaic virus.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 3718-3723 (2005).</li><li>Yildiz, I., Tsvetkova, I., Wen, A. M., Shukla, S., Masarapu, M. H., Dragnea, B., Steinmetz, N. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+of+Brome+mosaic+virus+for+biomedical+applications.">Engineering of Brome mosaic virus for biomedical applications.</a> RSC Advances. , (2012).</li><li>Brunel, F. M., Lewis, J. D., Destito, G., Steinmetz, N. F., Manchester, M., Stuhlmann, H., Dawson, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrazone+ligation+strategy+to+assemble+multifunctional+viral+nanoparticles+for+cell+imaging+and+tumor+targeting.">Hydrazone ligation strategy to assemble multifunctional viral nanoparticles for cell imaging and tumor targeting.</a> Nano Lett. 10, 1093-1097 (2010).</li><li>Shukla, S., Ablack, A., Wen, A., Lee, K., Lewis, J., Steinmetz, N. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+tumor+homing+and+tissue+penetration+of+the+filamentous+plant+viral+nanoparticle+Potato+virus+X.">Increased tumor homing and tissue penetration of the filamentous plant viral nanoparticle Potato virus X.</a> Molecular Pharmaceutics. , (2012).</li><li>Chatterji, A., Ochoa, W., Shamieh, L., Salakian, S. P., Wong, S. M., Clinton, G., Ghosh, P., Lin, T., Johnson, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+conjugation+of+heterologous+proteins+on+the+surface+of+Cowpea+mosaic+virus.">Chemical conjugation of heterologous proteins on the surface of Cowpea mosaic virus.</a> Bioconjug. Chem. 15, 807-813 (2004).</li></ol>

אין ניגודי האינטרסים הכריזו.

פרוטוקול זה מספק גישה לשינוי הכימי של VNPs והיישומים שלהם להדמית גידול vivo. הדמית חית פלואורסצנטי, פלואורסצנציה כימות, ואימונוהיסטוכימיה הטכניקות שהוצגו כאן הן שימושיות לחקר biodistribution והערכת גידול ביות. טכניקות אלה מספקים מידע רב ערך לגבי גישה של החלקיקים לגי?...

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VNP production&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Indoor plant chamber</td><td>Percival Scientific</td><td>E-41L2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. unguiculata&lt;/em&gt; seeds (California black-eye no. 5)</td><td>Burpee</td><td>51771A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;N. benthamiana&lt;/em&gt; seeds</td><td></td><td></td><td>&lt;em&gt;N. benthamiana seeds were a gift from Salk Institute. Seeds are produced through plant propagation.&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Carborundum</td><td>Fisher</td><td>C192-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pro-mix BX potting soil</td><td>Premier Horticulture</td><td>713400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Jack&#039;s Professional 20-10-20 Peat-Lite Fertilizer</td><td>JR Peters</td><td>77860</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>50.2 Ti rotor</td><td>Beckman</td><td>337901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SW 32 Ti rotor</td><td>Beckman</td><td>369694</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Optima L-90K ultracentrifuge</td><td>Beckman</td><td>365672</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SLA-3000 rotor</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>07149</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SS-34 rotor</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>28020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sorvall RC-6 Plus centrifuge</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>46910</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polypropylene bottle</td><td>Beckman</td><td>355607</td><td>For SLA-3000 rotor</td></tr><tr><td>Polycarbonate bottle</td><td>Beckman</td><td>357002</td><td>For SS-34 rotor</td></tr><tr><td>Ultra-Clear tube</td><td>Beckman</td><td>344058</td><td>For sucrose gradient and SW 32 Ti rotor</td></tr><tr><td>Polycarbonate bottle</td><td>Beckman</td><td>355618</td><td>For pelleting and 50.2 Ti rotor</td></tr><tr><td>NanoDrop spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>NanoDrop2000c</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PowerEase 500 pre-cast gel system</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>EI8675EU</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Superose 6 10/300 GL (24 ml) size-exclusion column</td><td>GE Healthcare</td><td>17-5172-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&amp;#196;KTA Explorer 100 Chromatograph</td><td>GE Healthcare</td><td>28-4062-66</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Allegra X-12R</td><td>Beckman</td><td>392302</td><td>Benchtop centrifuge</td></tr><tr><td>Cryostat</td><td>Leica</td><td>CM1850</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Maestro 2</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td></td><td>&lt;em&gt;In vivo&lt;/em&gt; imaging system</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue-Tearor</td><td>Biospec Products</td><td>985370-395</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microplate reader</td><td>Tecan</td><td>Infinite-200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transmission electron microscope</td><td>ZEISS</td><td>Libra 200FE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FluoView laser scanning confocal microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>FV1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chemicals and Reagents&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>3-ethynylaniline</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>498289-5G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>384 well black plate</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>353285</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-12% Bis-Tris NuPAGE SDS gel</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>NP0321BOX</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4X LDS sample buffer</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>NP0008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetic Acid</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A385-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>271004-1L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 647 azide</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>A10277</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 647 carboxylic acid, succinimidyl ester</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>A20006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amicon Ultra-0.5 ml Centrifugal Filters</td><td>Millipore</td><td>UFC501096</td><td>10 kDa cut-off</td></tr><tr><td>Aminoguanidine hydrochloride</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>36891-0250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Boric acid</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A74-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP101-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CsCl</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>42285-1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAPI</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>157574</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl sulfoxide</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP231-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filter paper</td><td>Fisher</td><td>09-801K</td><td>P5 grade</td></tr><tr><td>FITC anti-mouse CD31</td><td>BioLegend</td><td>102406</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goat serum</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>16210-064</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KCl</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP366-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-ascorbic acid sodium salt</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>35268-0050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A412P-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP214-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope slides</td><td>Fisher</td><td>12-544-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope cover glass</td><td>VWR</td><td>48366-277</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MOPS buffer</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>NP0001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mPEG-mal</td><td>Nanocs</td><td>PG1-ML-2k</td><td>MW 2000</td></tr><tr><td>mPEG-N3</td><td>Nanocs</td><td>PG1-AZ-5k</td><td>MW 5000</td></tr><tr><td>mPEG-NHS</td><td>Nanocs</td><td>PG1-SC-5k</td><td>MW 5000</td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP358-212</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oregon Green 488 succinimidyl ester *6-isomer*</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>O-6149</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>13902-0050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Permount</td><td>Fisher</td><td>SP15-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium phosphate dibasic</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP363-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium phosphate monobasic</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP362-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium acetate</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP333-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium nitrite</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>42435-0050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium sulfite</td><td>Amresco</td><td>0628-500G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sucrose</td><td>Fisher</td><td>S6-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TEM grid</td><td>Ted Pella</td><td>FCF-400Cu</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tris base</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP152-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>EMD Chemicals</td><td>TX1568-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&amp;#946;-mercapt&amp;#8211;thanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td>O3446I-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tissue Culture&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>12483-020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hemocytometer</td><td>Fisher</td><td>0267110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HT-29 cells</td><td>ATCC</td><td>HTB-38</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>25030-080</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Cellgro</td><td>21-040-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10378-016</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RPMI-1640</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>31800-089</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue culture flasks</td><td>Corning</td><td>431080</td><td>175 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Trypan Blue</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>SV30084.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin, 0.05% (1X) with EDTA 4Na, liquid</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>25300-054</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Animal Studies&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>18% Protein Rodent Diet</td><td>Harlan Teklad</td><td>Teklad Global 2018S</td><td>Alfalfa free diet</td></tr><tr><td>Insulin syringe</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>329410</td><td>28 gauge</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Baxter</td><td>AHN3637</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Matrigel Matrix basement membrane</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>356234</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NCR nu/nu mice</td><td></td><td></td><td>CWRU School&lt;br/&gt; of Medicine Athymic Animal and Xenograft Core Facility</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile syringe</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>305196</td><td>18 1/2 gauge</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue-Tek CRYO-OCT Compound</td><td>Andwin Scientific</td><td>4583</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

viral nanoparticles for in vivo tumor imaging

השימוש של ננו יש פוטנציאל לחולל מהפכה במדע וברפואת חומרים. נכון לעכשיו, מספר החלקיקים שונים הנחקרים בחשד ליישומים בתחום הדמיה וטיפול. חלקיקים נגיפיים (VNPs) המופקים מצמחים יכולים להיחשב bionanomaterials עצמי התאסף עם גדלים וצורות מוגדרות. וירוסי צמחים נחקרים במעבדת שטיינמץ כוללים חלקיקי icosahedral נוצרו על ידי וירוס Cowpea פסיפס (CPMV) ונגיף פסיפס Brome (BMV), אשר שניהם הם 30 ננומטר בקוטר. אנחנו גם בפיתוח מבני מוט בצורה ופילמנטיות נגזרים מוירוסי הצמחים הבאים: וירוס טבק פסיפס (TMV), המהווה מוטות נוקשות עם ממדים של 300 ננומטר על 18 ננומטר, ותפו&quot;א וירוס X (PVX), שיצירת חלקיקים פילמנטיות 515 ננומטר באורך 13 ננומטר ברוחב (הקורא התייחס לשופטים. 1 ו 2 למידע נוסף על VNPs). &gt; מנקודת מבטו של מדען חומרים של נוף, VNPs הם אבני בניין אטרקטיביים מכמה סיבות: החלקיקים הם monodisperse, ניתן לייצר בקלות בקנה מידה גדול בPlanta, הם במיוחד יציבים, ולא ביולוגיים. כמו כן, VNPs הם יחידות &quot;לתכנות&quot;, אשר יכולה להיות מהונדסת במיוחד באמצעות הנדסה גנטית או בשיטות כימיות bioconjugation 3. מבנה VNPs ידוע רזולוציה אטומית, ושינויים יכולים להתבצע עם דיוק המרחבי ברמה האטומית 4, רמת שליטה שלא ניתן להשיג באמצעות ננו הסינטטי עם נוכחיות טכנולוגיות מדינה-of-the-art. במאמר זה, אנו מתארים את ההתפשטות של CPMV, PVX, TMV, וBMV בצמחי Nicotiana benthamiana Vigna ungiuculata ו. פרוטוקולי שאיבה וטיהור לכל VNP מקבלים. שיטות לאפיון של מטוהרים וVNPs כותרת-כימית מתוארות. במחקר זה, אנו מתמקדים בפרקתיוג emical של VNPs עם fluorophores (למשל Alexa פלואוריד 647) ופוליאתילן גליקול (PEG). את הצבעים להקל על מעקב וזיהוי של VNPs 5-10, וPEG מפחית חיסוני של החלקיקים חלבוניים תוך שיפור הפרמקוקינטיקה 8,11. אנו מראים גידול ביות של VNPs PEGylated באמצעות מודל גידול xenograft עכבר. שילוב של דימות פלואורסצנטי של הרקמות vivo לשעבר באמצעות מערכת הדמית מאסטרו, כימות קרינה ברקמות הומוגניזציה, ומיקרוסקופיה confocal משמש ללמוד biodistribution. VNPs נמחקים באמצעות מערכת reticuloendothelial (מיל &#39;); גידול ביות מושגת באופן פסיבי באמצעות חדירות המשופרות ושמירת האפקט (EPR) 12. ננוטכנולוגיה VNP היא חזק plug-and-לשחק טכנולוגיה לתמונה ולטפל באתרים של מחלה בגוף חי. בנוסף, אנו מפתחים VNPs לשאת מטעני סמים וmoieties הדמיה הרלוונטי קליני-, כמו גם ligands רקמות ספציפיות ללמקד קולטנים מולקולריים overexpressed בסרטן ומחלות לב וכלי דם.

<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/4352/4352fig1.jpg" /> 
 Figure 1. Plant virus-infected plants. Vigna unguiculata plants infected with CPMV (A). Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with PVX (B), TMV (C), and BMV (D). The pictures were taken about 10 days post infection by mechanical inoculation.
<img alt="Figure 2" fo:content-width="3in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4352...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging at JoVE.com

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

חלקיקים נגיפיים צמח (VNPs) מבטיחים פלטפורמות ליישומים ביו. כאן, אנו מתארים את ההליכים להתפשטות צמח VNP, טיהור, אפיון, וbioconjugation. לבסוף, אנו מראים את היישום של VNPs לביות והדמית גידול תוך שימוש במודל עכבר xenograft ודימות פלואורסצנטי.

חלקיקים נגיפיים עבור<em&gt; בחי</em&gt; הדמית גידול

The use of nanomaterials has the potential to revolutionize materials science and medicine. Currently, a number of different nanoparticles are being ...

viral-nanoparticles-for-in-vivo-tumor-imaging

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

17.1K Views.  Case Western Reserve University. חלקיקים נגיפיים צמח (VNPs) מבטיחים פלטפורמות ליישומים ביו. כאן, אנו מתארים את ההליכים להתפשטות צמח VNP, טיהור, אפיון, וbioconjugation. לבסוף, אנו מראים את היישום של VNPs לביות והדמית גידול תוך שימוש במודל עכבר xenograft ודימות פלואורסצנטי.

Video: Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vivo Performance of Cancer Nanomedicines

Inspired by the success of previous cancer nanomedicines in the clinic, researchers have generated a large number of novel formulations in the past decade. However, only a small number of nanomedicines have been approved for clinical use, whereas the majority of nanomedicines under clinical development have produced disappointing results. One major obstacle to the successful clinical translation of new cancer nanomedicines is the lack of an accurate understanding of their in vivo performance. This article features a rigorous procedure to characterize the in vivo behavior of nanomedicines in tumor-bearing mice at systemic, tissue, single-cell, and subcellular levels via the integration of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), radioactivity quantification methods, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Using this approach, researchers can accurately evaluate novel nanoscale formulations in relevant mouse models of cancer. These protocols may have the ability to identify the most promising cancer nanomedicines with high translational potential or to aid in the optimization of cancer nanomedicines for future translation.

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vivo Performance of Cancer Nanomedicines

The poor understanding of the in vivo performance of nanomedicines stymies their clinical translation. Procedures to evaluate the in vivo behavior of cancer nanomedicines at systemic, tissue, single-cell, and subcellular levels in tumor-bearing immunocompetent mice are described here. This approach may help researchers to identify promising cancer nanomedicines for clinical translation.

נוהל מקיף כדי להעריך את<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; ביצועים של סרטן ננו-רפואה

Inspired by the success of previous cancer nanomedicines in the clinic, researchers have generated a large number of novel formulations in the past ...

Cancer Research

Evaluation of Nanoparticle Uptake in Tumors in Real Time Using Intravital Imaging

Current technologies for tumor imaging, such as ultrasound, MRI, PET and CT, are unable to yield high-resolution images for the assessment of nanoparticle uptake in tumors at the microscopic level1,2,3, highlighting the utility of a suitable xenograft model in which to perform detailed uptake analyses. Here, we use high-resolution intravital imaging to evaluate nanoparticle uptake in human tumor xenografts in a modified, shell-less chicken embryo model. The chicken embryo model is particularly well-suited for these in vivo analyses because it supports the growth of human tumors, is relatively inexpensive and does not require anesthetization or surgery 4,5. Tumor cells form fully vascularized xenografts within 7 days when implanted into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) 6. The resulting tumors are visualized by non-invasive real-time, high-resolution imaging that can be maintained for up to 72 hours with little impact on either the host or tumor systems. Nanoparticles with a wide range of sizes and formulations administered distal to the tumor can be visualized and quantified as they flow through the bloodstream, extravasate from leaky tumor vasculature, and accumulate at the tumor site. We describe here the analysis of nanoparticles derived from Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) decorated with near-infrared fluorescent dyes and/or polyethylene glycol polymers (PEG) 7, 8, 9,10,11. Upon intravenous administration, these viral nanoparticles are rapidly internalized by endothelial cells, resulting in global labeling of the vasculature both outside and within the tumor7,12. PEGylation of the viral nanoparticles increases their plasma half-life, extends their time in the circulation, and ultimately enhances their accumulation in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect 7, 10,11. The rate and extent of accumulation of nanoparticles in a tumor is measured over time using image analysis software. This technique provides a method to both visualize and quantify nanoparticle dynamics in human tumors.

We present a novel approach to quantify nanoparticle localization in the vasculature of human xenografted tumors using dynamic, real-time intravital imaging in an avian embryo model.

הערכה של ספיגת nanoparticle ב גידולים בזמן אמת באמצעות הדמיה Intravital

Current technologies for tumor imaging, such as ultrasound, MRI, PET and CT, are unable to yield high-resolution images for the assessment of nanoparticle ...

Medicine

Radionuclide-fluorescence Reporter Gene Imaging to Track Tumor Progression in Rodent Tumor Models

Metastasis is responsible for most cancer deaths. Despite extensive research, the mechanistic understanding of the complex processes governing metastasis remains incomplete. In vivo models are paramount for metastasis research, but require refinement. Tracking spontaneous metastasis by non-invasive in vivo imaging is now possible, but remains challenging as it requires long-time observation and high sensitivity. We describe a longitudinal combined radionuclide and fluorescence whole-body in vivo imaging approach for tracking tumor progression and spontaneous metastasis. This reporter gene methodology employs the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) fused to a fluorescent protein (FP). Cancer cells are engineered to stably express NIS-FP followed by selection based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Corresponding tumor models are established in mice. NIS-FP expressing cancer cells are tracked non-invasively in vivo at the whole-body level by positron emission tomography (PET) using the NIS radiotracer [18F]BF4-. PET is currently the most sensitive in vivo imaging technology available at this scale and enables reliable and absolute quantification. Current methods either rely on large cohorts of animals that are euthanized for metastasis assessment at varying time points, or rely on barely quantifiable 2D imaging. The advantages of the described method are: (i) highly sensitive non-invasive in vivo 3D PET imaging and quantification, (ii) automated PET tracer production, (iii) a significant reduction in required animal numbers due to repeat imaging options, (iv) the acquisition of paired data from subsequent imaging sessions providing better statistical data, and (v) the intrinsic option for ex vivo confirmation of cancer cells in tissues by fluorescence microscopy or cytometry. In this protocol, we describe all steps required for routine NIS-FP-afforded non-invasive in vivo cancer cell tracking using PET/CT and ex vivo confirmation of in vivo results. This protocol has applications beyond cancer research whenever in vivo localization, expansion and long-time monitoring of a cell population is of interest.

We describe a protocol for preclinical in vivo tracking of cancer metastasis. It is based on a radionuclide-fluorescence reporter combining the sodium iodide symporter, detected by non-invasive [18F]tetrafluoroborate-PET, and a fluorescent protein for streamlined ex vivo confirmation. The method is applicable for preclinical in vivo cell tracking beyond tumor biology.

רדיונוקלידים-זריחה מדווח הדמיה כדי לעקוב אחר התקדמות הגידול במודלים הגידול מכרסמים

Metastasis is responsible for most cancer deaths. Despite extensive research, the mechanistic understanding of the complex processes governing metastasis ...

Analysis of Targeted Viral Protein Nanoparticles Delivered to HER2+ Tumors

The HER2+ tumor-targeted nanoparticle, HerDox, exhibits tumor-preferential accumulation and tumor-growth ablation in an animal model of HER2+ cancer. HerDox is formed by non-covalent self-assembly of a tumor targeted cell penetration protein with the chemotherapy agent, doxorubicin, via a small nucleic acid linker. A combination of electrophilic, intercalation, and oligomerization interactions facilitate self-assembly into round 10-20 nm particles. HerDox exhibits stability in blood as well as in extended storage at different temperatures. Systemic delivery of HerDox in tumor-bearing mice results in tumor-cell death with no detectable adverse effects to non-tumor tissue, including the heart and liver (which undergo marked damage by untargeted doxorubicin). HER2 elevation facilitates targeting to cells expressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor, hence tumors displaying elevated HER2 levels exhibit greater accumulation of HerDox compared to cells expressing lower levels, both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence intensity imaging combined with in situ confocal and spectral analysis has allowed us to verify in vivo tumor targeting and tumor cell penetration of HerDox after systemic delivery. Here we detail our methods for assessing tumor targeting via multimode imaging after systemic delivery.

This article details the procedures for optical imaging analysis of the tumor-targeted nanoparticle, HerDox. In particular, detailed use of the multimode imaging device for detecting tumor targeting and assessing tumor penetration is described here.

ניתוח של חלבון נגיפי ממוקד חלקיקים מובא לHER2 + גידולים

The HER2+ tumor-targeted nanoparticle, HerDox, exhibits tumor-preferential accumulation and tumor-growth ablation in an animal model of HER2+ cancer. ...

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

We describe a multi-angle rotational optical imaging (MAROI) system for in vivo monitoring of physiopathological processes labeled with a fluorescent marker. Mouse models (brain tumor and arthritis) were used to evaluate the usefulness of this method. Saposin C (SapC)-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) nanovesicles tagged with CellVue Maroon (CVM) fluorophore were administered intravenously. Animals were then placed in the rotational holder (MARS) of the in vivo imaging system. Images were acquired in 10&#176; steps over 380&#176;. A rectangular&#160;region of interest (ROI) was placed across the full image width at the model disease site. Within the ROI, and for every image, mean fluorescence intensity was computed after background subtraction. In the mouse models studied, the labeled nanovesicles were taken up in both the orthotopic and transgenic brain tumors, and in the arthritic sites (toes and ankles). Curve analysis of the multi angle image ROIs determined the angle with the highest signal. Thus, the optimal angle for imaging each disease site was characterized. The MAROI method applied to imaging of fluorescent compounds is a noninvasive, economical, and precise tool for in vivo quantitative analysis of the disease states in the described mouse models.

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

We describe a multi-angle rotational optical imaging (MAROI) system for in vivo quantitation of a fluorescent marker delivered by saposin C (SapC)-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) nanovesicles. Employing mouse models of cancer and arthritis, we demonstrate how the MAROI signal curve analysis can be used for the precise mapping and biological characterization of disease processes.

בדימות אופטי Vivo של גידולים במוח ודלקת פרקים באמצעות פלורסנט SapC-DOPS nanovesicles

We describe a multi-angle rotational optical imaging (MAROI) system for in vivo monitoring of physiopathological processes labeled with a fluorescent ...

מעקב בזמן אמת אחר ננו-חלקיקים בגידולי מוח באמצעות 2P-IVM בעכברים

Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in brain tumors in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery in preclinical models. This protocol describes a method for real-time in vivo tracking of intravenously administered fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles with two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM).
The protocol contains a multi-step description of the procedure, including anesthesia and analgesia of experimental animals, creating a cranial window, GBM cell implantation, placing a head bar, conducting 2P-IVM studies, and post-surgical care for long-term follow-up studies. We show representative 2P-IVM imaging sessions and image analysis, examine the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, and discuss potential applications.
This method can be easily modified and adapted for different research questions in the field of in vivo preclinical brain imaging.

זרקור המחבר: אסטרטגיות הדמיה מולטימודאליות לייעול מתן תרופות וגילוי מוקדם בטיפול בגליובלסטומה

We present a novel approach for two-photon microscopy of the tumor delivery of fluorescent-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles to glioblastoma in a mouse model.

מיקרוסקופיה תוך-חיונית דו-פוטונית של גליובלסטומה במודל מורין

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the ...

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

This protocol outlines the steps required to perform ex vivo validation of in vivo near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) xenograft imaging experiments in mice using fluorophore labelled nanobodies and conventional antibodies.
First we describe how to generate subcutaneous tumors in mice, using antigen-negative cell lines as negative controls and antigen-positive cells as positive controls in the same mice for intraindividual comparison. We outline how to administer intravenously near-infrared fluorophore labelled (AlexaFluor680) antigen-specific nanobodies and conventional antibodies. In vivo imaging was performed with a small-animal NIRF-Imaging system. After the in vivo imaging experiments the mice were sacrificed. We then describe how to prepare the tumors for parallel ex vivo analyses by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to validate in vivo imaging results.
The use of the near-infrared fluorophore labelled nanobodies allows for non-invasive same day imaging in vivo. Our protocols describe the ex vivo quantification of the specific labeling efficiency of tumor cells by flow cytometry and analysis of the distribution of the antibody constructs within the tumors by fluorescence microscopy. Using near-infrared fluorophore labelled probes allows for non-invasive, economical in vivo imaging with the unique ability to exploit the same probe without further secondary labelling for ex vivo validation experiments using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

This protocol outlines the steps required to perform ex vivo validation of in vivo near-infrared fluorescence xenograft imaging experiments in mice using fluorophore labelled nanobodies and conventional antibodies.

אימות של Nanobody ונוגדנים מבוסס<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; ניסויי גידול xenograft NIRF הדמיה בעכברים באמצעות<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Cytometry הזרימה ומיקרוסקופי

This protocol outlines the steps required to perform ex vivo validation of in vivo near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) xenograft imaging experiments in mice ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>ננו-חלקיקים של תחמוצת ברזל למתן טיפול מונחה דמיון בגליובלסטומה מורין

Nanoparticle Delivery of an Oligonucleotide Payload in a Glioblastoma Multiforme Animal Model

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain malignancy for which there is no cure. The blood-brain barrier is a significant hurdle in the delivery of therapies to GBM. Reported here is an image-guided, iron oxide-based therapeutic delivery nano platform capable of bypassing this physiological barrier by virtue of size and accumulating in the tumor region, delivering its payload. This 25 nm nano platform consists of crosslinked dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles labeled with Cy5.5 fluorescent dye and containing antisense oligonucleotide as a payload. The magnetic iron oxide core enables tracking of the nanoparticles through in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, while Cy5.5 dye allows tracking by optical imaging. This report details the monitoring of the accumulation of this nanoparticle platform (termed MN-anti-miR10b) in orthotopically implanted glioblastoma tumors following intravenous injection. In addition, it provides insight into the in vivo delivery of RNA oligonucleotides, a problem that has hampered the translation of RNA therapeutics into the clinic.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>מחבר זרקור: טיפולים חדשניים בסרטן עם ננו-חלקיקים של תחמוצת ברזל לטיפול בגליובלסטומה

The blood-brain barrier is a significant hurdle in the delivery of therapies for glioblastoma, a disease for which there is no cure. Here, we report an in vivo image-guided iron oxide therapeutic nano platform that can bypass this physiological barrier by virtue of size and accumulate in the tumor.

העברת ננו-חלקיקים של מטען אוליגונוקלאוטיד במודל בעלי חיים רב-צורניים מסוג גליובלסטומה

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain malignancy for which there is no cure. The blood-brain barrier is a ...

חלקיקים נגיפיים עבור

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נוהל מקיף כדי להעריך את

הערכה של ספיגת nanoparticle ב גידולים בזמן אמת באמצעות הדמיה Intravital

רדיונוקלידים-זריחה מדווח הדמיה כדי לעקוב אחר התקדמות הגידול במודלים הגידול מכרסמים

ניתוח של חלבון נגיפי ממוקד חלקיקים מובא לHER2 + גידולים

בדימות אופטי Vivo של גידולים במוח ודלקת פרקים באמצעות פלורסנט SapC-DOPS nanovesicles

מיקרוסקופיה תוך-חיונית דו-פוטונית של גליובלסטומה במודל מורין

מיקרוסקופיה תוך-חיונית דו-פוטונית של גליובלסטומה במודל מורין

מיקרוסקופיה תוך-חיונית דו-פוטונית של גליובלסטומה במודל מורין

אימות של Nanobody ונוגדנים מבוסס

העברת ננו-חלקיקים של מטען אוליגונוקלאוטיד במודל בעלי חיים רב-צורניים מסוג גליובלסטומה