פרויקט זה מומן על ידי אגודת המחקר הגרמני (DFG, HE 4578/3-1).

א סחוס ביופסיה (חדר ניתוח; שלבי 1-5 בחדר הכנה ללא סטרילי) <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לבצע בקרת משקל סופית של הארנב (ניו זילנד ארנב לבן, נקבה, 3.5-4.0 ק&quot;ג משקל גוף, גיל 6 חודשים) על מנת להיות מסוגל תרופות במינון נכון וכדי לפקח על משקל לאחר ניתוח. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לגרום הרדמה לארנב על ידי הזרקה תוך ורידית של 10 propofol מ&quot;ג / ק&quot;ג. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לאחר אינטובציה, לשמור על הרדמה עם 1.5 מ&quot;ג / ק&quot;ג / דקה propofol ופנטניל 0.05 מ&quot;ג / ק&quot;ג לוריד. לפקח הרדמה באמצעות capnography, oximetry דופק ודופק. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לגלח את הברך להיות מופעלת על עם גוזז חשמלי וואקום הפרווה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לחטא את הברך מגולח ביסודיות ולכסות את שאר הארנב עם רוטב סטרילי. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> למשש את פיקת הברך ולבצע חתך בעור מדיאלית של הפיקה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> פתח את מפרק הברך על ידי arthrotomy parapatellar המדיאלי בתנאים סטריליים. נסו להימנע מחיתוך כל su קטןכלי דם perficial. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לעקור את פיקת הברך רוחבית. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> בדוק את מפרק הברך לכל מומים ונגעי סחוס מקרוסקופיים. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> זהירות לקלף חתיכות סחוס קטנות (2-3 מ&quot;מ) מתוך trochlea ossis femoris עם אזמל סטרילי (איור 1). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מייד למקום ביופסיות סחוס אלה לתוך צינור 50 מ&quot;ל עם מדיום מלא (DMEM + 10% עוברי עגל בסרום (FCS) + 1% פניצילין / סטרפטומיצין (עט / סטרפטוקוקוס)) להמשיך עם התרבות במבחנה מייד אחרי הניתוח. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> נקה את הפגמים ולשטוף אותם עם תמיסת מלח סטרילית. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> למקם מחדש את הפיקה בתוך חריץ trochlea. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> סגירת פצע בשכבות עם תפרי כפתור אחת (Vicryl 4-0) ותפר עורית מתמשכת (Monocryl 4-0). להשתמש בחומר תפר נספג. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לבסוף, לאטום את הפצע עם תרסיס הלבשה חדירה לאדי מים. </li></ol> ב &#39;במבחנה התרבות <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לעבד ג הביופסיהartilage חתיכות בהקדם האפשרי לאחר הניתוח במכסת מנוע זרימה למינרית סטרילי רקמת תרבות. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> שטוף את נקטף סחוס 2x סטרילי בPBS עם צנטריפוגה הבאה בXG 500 במשך 3 דקות ב RT. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לחתוך סחוס בחתיכות של 1 מ&quot;מ 3, העברה לפלקון 50 מ&quot;ל ולעכל אותם על שייקר למשך 30 דקות עם 10 מ&quot;ל טריפסין-EDTA (0.25%) ו10 מ&quot;ל PBS למשך 30 דקות </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לאחר 30 דקות, להפסיק trypsinization ידי הוספה בינונית מלאה. לאחר מכן, לנער את חתיכות הסחוס לעוד 12 שעות עם collagenase (0.21 U / מ&quot;ג) במדיום חופשי בסרום (DMEM + 1% עט / סטרפטוקוקוס). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> צנטריפוגה הפתרון שהתקבל ב 170 XG במשך 3 דקות ב RT. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> Resuspend כדורי תא ב5 מ&quot;ל בינוני מלא. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> זרע כונדרוציטים המבודדים ל25 2 צלוחיות תרבית רקמת סנטימטר בינונית 5 מ&quot;ל מלא ולשמור בתרבית רקמת חממת humidified על 37 מעלות צלזיוס, 5% CO 2. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לגדול כונדרוציטים לצפיפות של 80%. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> שחרר את F התאיםצלוחיות rom על ידי השטיפה בPBS 2x לפני החשיפה ל0.05% טריפסין-EDTA במשך 3 דקות. ברגע שכונדרוציטים להתנתק, להפסיק trypsinization על ידי תוספת של 10 בינוניות מלא μl. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> צנטריפוגה ההשעיה XG 300 (3 דקות) וresuspend גלולה במדיום שלם. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> תאי זרע בצלוחיות תרבית רקמה (75 ס&quot;מ 2) ופיצול ביחס של 1:3 (~ 5000 תאים / 2 ס&quot;מ) בכל יום ה 5 או על 80% confluency. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לקבוע מספרים סלולריים וכדאיות על ידי צביעת trypan הכחולה. </li></ol> ג Cell-זריעה של מטריקס <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לפני שטיפת השתלת תאים ושחרור כפי שתואר לעיל. לבצע ספירת תאים ולהעביר 5 x 10 4 תאים לתוך צינור microcentrifuge 1.5 מ&quot;ל. אז צנטריפוגות ב XG 500 במשך 5 דקות ב RT. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> Resuspend גלולה ב15 בינונית מלא μl לרוויה של המטריצה ​​שלמה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> חותכים את bilayer קולגן הפיגום לממדי פגם trochlear המדויקים על ידי ביופסית סטריליאגרוף. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מטריקס המקום לתוך צלחת תרבית רקמה בגודל המתאים (לדוגמה: 24 גם צלחות). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> תאי זרע על הצד הנקבובי, תא מודבקות של מטריקס. זה מרתיע את נדידת תאים מהמטריצה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> השאר מטריצות תא זרע ללא תרבית תאים בינוניות נוספת בתוך חממה במשך שעה 1 כדי לאפשר היענות מלאה של כונדרוציטים. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ואז, במקום תא מטריקס, בונה לתוך מכולות culturing (למשל 24 גם צלחות) עם מדיום מלא טרי. יש להיזהר שלא לשטוף את כל תאים מחוץ למטריצה ​​למרות דבקות חזקה צפויה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עכשיו, ניתן לקחת תאי מטריקס, מבנים לחדר הניתוח להשתלה מחדש. </li></ol> השתלת chondrocyte אוטולוגיים ד מטריקס בסיוע <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> בצע arthrotomy parapatellar עד הברך הנגדית כמתואר לעיל (א &#39;1-8). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> צור שני פגמי chondral מבודדים בחריץ trochlear עם operatin אוויר סטריליגרם מקדחה (3.6 מ&quot;מ קוטר). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> נקה את הפגם ולשטוף עם תמיסת מלח סטרילית. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> יש לשים לב שלא לפתוח את חלל מח בכל עת. במידת צורך, לאטום את החלק התחתון של הפגמים עם כויה חשמלית נגד דימום. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> להשתיל את המטריצות נזרעו עם כונדרוציטים התרבותיים עם הפנים מטה הצד הנקבובי (איור 2). לאחר מכן קיבוע לתוך חורי הקידוח ולשטוף את המשטח שמסביב. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לאטום את המטריצות המושתלות עם קצת דבק הפיברין (Tissucol Duo S) כדי להבטיח קיבוע מאובטח. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לאחר קרישה, מיקום מחדש של הפיקה בתוך חריץ trochlear ולהחיל את טווח תנועה מלא למפרק הברך כמה פעמים. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לעקור את פיקת הברך רוחבית שוב ולבדוק כל אירוע או סימן לקיבוע יציב. המטריצות חייבות להיות מוחזקות עדיין במקום. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> החלף את פיקת הברך שוב ולסיים את המבצע עם סגירת פצע בשכבות ותרסיס הלבשה כפי שתואר לעיל. </li></ol>

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Res. , 270-283 (1996).</li></ol>

המחברים אין לחשוף.

הפרוטוקול המובא מספק טכניקה הוקמה 9,12,13 ושחזור בקלות לבודד כונדרוציטים אוטולוגי עבור ההפצה הבאה והשתלה מחדש לפגמי סחוס בברכיים נוצרו באופן מלאכותי ארנב. השימוש בכונדרוציטים אוטולוגי עבור שיפוץ ותיקון של נגעי סחוס במפרק כבר נמצא בשימוש קליני מתן תוצאה מספקת לט...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of reagent/equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>F 0415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase A</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10 103 586 001</td>
			<td>0.21 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum (FCS)</td>
			<td>PAN Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>3702-P103009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>A 2213</td>
			<td>10,000 U/ml/10,000 &mu;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Dulbecco (1X)</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L1815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol (70%)</td>
			<td>Merck KgaA</td>
			<td>410230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.25 %/0.02 %</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L2163</td>
			<td>in PBS w/o Ca2+, Mg2+</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl</td>
			<td>Delta Select GmBH</td>
			<td>1819340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl solution (0.9%)</td>
			<td>Bbraun</td>
			<td>8333A193</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture dishes 100 mm/150 mm</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>93100/93150</td>
			<td>Growth area 60.1 mm2/147.8 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture flasks 25/75 mm2</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>90025/90075</td>
			<td>25 mm2, 75 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Tubes (50 ml)</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>91050</td>
			<td>Gamma-sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Brand GmbH+Co KG</td>
			<td>717810</td>
			<td>Neubauer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution 0.4%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L8154</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spray dressing (OpSite)</td>
			<td>Smith&amp;Nephew</td>
			<td>66004978</td>
			<td>Permeable for water vapor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chondro-Gide&Ograve;</td>
			<td>Geistlich Pharma AG</td>
			<td>30915.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy Punch</td>
			<td>pfm medical ag</td>
			<td>48351</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissucol Duo S</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>3419627</td>
			<td>0.5 ml</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for remodeling and repair of chondral defects in a rabbit model

פגמי סחוס במפרק נחשבים בעיה בריאותית משמעותית, כי סחוס במפרק יש קיבולת מוגבלת להתחדשות עצמית 1. נגעי סחוס שלא טופלו להוביל לכאבים מתמשך, להשפיע לרעה על איכות החיים ולהגביר את הנטייה לדלקת מפרקים ניוונית. במהלך העשורים האחרונים, מספר טכניקות כירורגיות פותחו לטיפול בנגעים מסוג זה. עם זאת, עד עכשיו זה לא היה ניתן להשיג תיקון מלא במונחים של כיסוי הפגם בסחוס במפרק hyaline או של מתן התאוששות ארוכת טווח 2-4 משביע רצון. לכן, פציעות סחוס במפרק תישאר מטרה עיקרית של טכניקות משובי כגון הנדסת רקמות. בניגוד לטכניקות כירורגיות אחרות, אשר לעתים קרובות להוביל להיווצרות של רקמה סיבית או fibrocartilaginous, הנדסת רקמות שמטרתו לשקם את המבנה המורכב והמאפיינים של הסחוס במפרק המקורי במלואו על ידי שימוש בפוטנציאל chondrogenic של תאים מושתלים. Rהתפתחויות ecent פתחו אפשרויות מבטיחות לטיפולי סחוס משובי. הגישה מבוססת התא הראשון לטיפול בסחוס בעובי מלא או נגעי osteochondral בוצעה בשנת 1994 על ידי לארס פטרסון ומאטס Brittberg שהייתה חלוץ השתלת chondrocyte קלינית אוטולוגית (ACI) 5. כיום, הטכניקה היא קלינית ומבוססת לטיפול בפגמי סחוס hyaline הגדולים של הברך, שמירה על תוצאות קליניות טובות אפילו 10 עד 20 שנים לאחר השתלת 6. בשנים האחרונות, השתלת כונדרוציטים אוטולוגי עברה התקדמות מהירה. השימוש בקולגן מטריצה ​​תלת ממדים מלאכותיים שבו תאים ניטעו מחדש לאחר מכן הפך יותר ויותר פופולריים 7-9. MACT מורכבת משני ניתוחים: ראשית, על מנת לאסוף כונדרוציטים, ביופסית סחוס צריכה להתבצע מאזור סחוס שאינו נושאת משקל של לאהוא מפרק הברך. ואז, כונדרוציטים עוברים חילוץ, מטוהרים והתרחבו למספר תא מספיק במבחנה. Chondrocytes לאחר מכן זורעים על מטריצה ​​תלת ממדית ולאחר מכן יכול להיות מחדש מושתל. בעת הכנת שתל רקמה מהונדס, קצב התפשטות ויכולת בידול חיוני להתחדשות רקמות מוצלחת 10. השימוש במטריצה ​​תלת ממדית כנשא תא חשב לתמוך במאפיינים סלולריים אלה 11. הפרוטוקול הבא יסכם ולהפגין טכניקה לבידוד של כונדרוציטים מביופסיות סחוס, התפשטותם במבחנה וזריעתם על 3D-מטריצה ​​(Chondro-ז&#39;יד, Biomaterials Geistlich, Wollhusen, שוויץ). לבסוף, ההשתלה של תאי מטריקס, מבנים לפגמי chondral נוצרו באופן מלאכותי של מפרק הברך של ארנב שיפורט. טכניקה זו יכולה לשמש כהגדרה ניסיוניתלניסויים נוספים של תיקון סחוס.

הטכניקה כירורגית תאר מאפשרת בידוד והשתלה מוצלחים של כונדרוציטים אוטולוגי לפגם chondral מלאכותי. ההתקנה הניסיונית הביאה לשילוב מוצלח של השתל לתוך הסחוס שמסביב. לאחר 12 שבועות in vivo, פגם chondral היה מלא על ידי רקמת תיקון עם משטח אחיד ו?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model at JoVE.com

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

טכניקה ניסויית לטיפול בפגמי chondral במפרק הברך של הארנב מתוארת. השתלת כונדרוציטים אוטולוגי זורעים על מטריצה ​​היא שיטה מקובלת היטב לשיפוץ ותיקון של נגעי סחוס במפרק המספקים תוצאות מספקות לטווח ארוך. השתלה אוטולוגית chondrocyte מטריקס בסיוע (MACT) מציעה שיטת השתלה טופל וקליני מבוססת.

השתלת chondrocyte אוטולוגיים מטריקס בסיוע לשיפוץ ותיקון פגמי Chondral בדגם ארנב

Articular cartilage defects are considered a major health problem because articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration 1. Untreated ...

matrix-assisted-autologous-chondrocyte-transplantation-for-remodeling

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.3K Views.  Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München. טכניקה ניסויית לטיפול בפגמי chondral במפרק הברך של הארנב מתוארת. השתלת כונדרוציטים אוטולוגי זורעים על מטריצה ​​היא שיטה מקובלת היטב לשיפוץ ותיקון של נגעי סחוס במפרק המספקים תוצאות מספקות לטווח ארוך. השתלה אוטולוגית chondrocyte מטריקס בסיוע (MACT) מציעה שיטת השתלה טופל וק...

Video: Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus. For example, in utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells has been used to successfully treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency.1,2 In several other conditions, however, IUT has been attempted without success.3 Given these mixed results, the availability of an efficient non-human model to study the biological sequelae of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy is critical to advance this field. We and others have used the mouse model of IUT to study factors affecting successful engraftment of in utero transplanted hematopoietic stem cells in both wild-type mice4-7 and those with genetic diseases.8,9 The fetal environment also offers considerable advantages for the success of in utero gene therapy. For example, the delivery of adenoviral10, adeno-associated viral10, retroviral11, and lentiviral vectors12,13 into the fetus has resulted in the transduction of multiple organs distant from the site of injection with long-term gene expression. in utero gene therapy may therefore be considered as a possible treatment strategy for single gene disorders such as muscular dystrophy or cystic fibrosis. Another potential advantage of IUT is the ability to induce immune tolerance to a specific antigen. As seen in mice with hemophilia, the introduction of Factor IX early in development results in tolerance to this protein.14 
In addition to its use in investigating potential human therapies, the mouse model of IUT can be a powerful tool to study basic questions in developmental and stem cell biology. For example, one can deliver various small molecules to induce or inhibit specific gene expression at defined gestational stages and manipulate developmental pathways. The impact of these alterations can be assessed at various timepoints after the initial transplantation. Furthermore, one can transplant pluripotent or lineage specific progenitor cells into the fetal environment to study stem cell differentiation in a non-irradiated and unperturbed host environment.
The mouse model of IUT has already provided numerous insights within the fields of immunology, and developmental and stem cell biology. In this video-based protocol, we describe a step-by-step approach to performing IUT in mouse fetuses and outline the critical steps and potential pitfalls of this technique.

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The mouse model of in utero transplantation is a versatile tool that can be used to study the potential clinical applications of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in the fetus. In this protocol, we present a general approach to performing this technique

במודל עכבר של בתוך הרחם השתלה

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus.  For example, in ...

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

פיתוח Bronchiolitis סותם במודל Murine של השתלת ריאות Orthotopic

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

A Mouse Fetal Skin Model of Scarless Wound Repair

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs across species but is age dependent. The transition from a scarless to scarring phenotype occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy in humans and around embryonic day 18 (E18) in mice. However, this varies with the size of the wound with larger defects generating a scar at an earlier gestational age. The emergence of lineage tracing and other genetic tools in the mouse has opened promising new avenues for investigation of fetal scarless wound healing. However, given the inherently high rates of morbidity and premature uterine contraction associated with fetal surgery, investigations of fetal scarless wound healing in vivo require a precise and reproducible surgical model. Here we detail a reliable model of fetal scarless wound healing in the dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

During mammalian development, early gestational skin wounds heal without a scar. Here we detail a reliable and reproducible model of fetal scarless wound healing in the cutaneous dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

דגם עור עכבר עוברי של תיקון פצע צלקות

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

פציעת בלון עכברוש ראש דגם כדי לבדוק Therapeutics שיפוץ אנטי-וסקולרית

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the treatment of many hematopoietic diseases in humans, as their use offers stable transgene expression due to the vector&#39;s ability to integrate into the host genome. This method demonstrates the application of ex vivo gene therapy of hepatocytes to a large animal model of hereditary tyrosinemia type I. This process consists of 1) isolation of primary hepatocytes from the autologous donor/recipient animal, 2) ex vivo gene delivery via hepatocyte transduction with a lentiviral vector, and 3) autologous transplant of corrected hepatocytes via portal vein injection. Success of the method generally relies upon efficient and sterile removal of the liver resection, careful handling of the excised specimen for isolation of viable hepatocytes sufficient for re-engrafting, high-percentage transduction of the isolated cells, and aseptic surgical procedures throughout to prevent infection. Technical failure at any of these steps will result in low yield of viable transduced hepatocytes for autologous transplant or infection of the donor/recipient animal. The pig model of human type 1 hereditary tyrosinemia (HT-1) chosen for this approach is uniquely amenable to such a method, as even a small percentage of engraftment of corrected cells will lead to repopulation of the liver with healthy cells based on a powerful selective advantage over native-diseased hepatocytes. Although this growth selection will not be true for all indications, this approach is a foundation for expansion into other indications and allows for manipulation of this environment to address additional diseases, both within the liver and beyond, while controlling for exposure to viral vector and opportunity for off-target toxicity and tumorigenicity.

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

This protocol is intended to describe porcine hepatocyte isolation and ex vivo gene delivery to cure models of metabolic diseases via autologous cell transplantation. Although this particular model enjoys unique advantages that favor successful therapy, the application is a relevant foundation to address additional diseases and indications.

Lentiviral בתיווך וקטור ריפוי גנטי של Hepatocytes לשעבר Vivo עבור השתלת עצמיים של החזירים

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

בחינת החזה הקרדיוגרפית במודל הארנב

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These conditions include retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), such as geographic atrophy (GA). Together, these disorders represent a significant proportion of currently untreatable blindness globally. These unmet medical needs have generated heightened academic interest in developing methods of RPE replacement. Among the animal models commonly utilized for preclinical testing of therapeutics, the non-human primate (NHP) is the only animal model that has a macula. As it shares this anatomical similarity with the human eye, the NHP eye is an important and appropriate preclinical animal model for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) such as RPE cell therapy.
This manuscript describes a method for the submacular transplantation of an RPE monolayer, cultured on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cell carrier, underneath the macula onto a surgically created RPE wound in immunosuppressed NHPs. The fovea-the central avascular portion of the macula-is the site of the greatest mechanical weakness during the transplantation. Foveal trauma will occur if the initial subretinal fluid injection generates an excessive force on the retina. Hence, slow injection under perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) vitreous tamponade is recommended with a dual-bore subretinal injection cannula at low intraocular pressure (IOP) settings to create a retinal bleb. 
Pretreatment with an intravitreal plasminogen injection to release parafoveal RPE-photoreceptor adhesions is also advised. These combined strategies can reduce the likelihood of foveal tears when compared to conventional techniques. The NHP is a key animal model in the preclinical phase of RPE cell therapy development. This protocol addresses the technical challenges associated with the delivery of RPE cellular therapy in the NHP eye.

The non-human primate (NHP) is an ideal model for studying human retinal cellular therapeutics due to the anatomical and genetic similarities. This manuscript describes a method for submacular transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the NHP eye and strategies to prevent intraoperative complications associated with macular manipulation.

השתלת אפיתל פיגמנט רשתית במודל פרימטים לא אנושי למחלות רשתית ניוונית

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These ...

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of transplant with the potential to deliver durable heart valves capable of somatic growth with no requirement for anticoagulation. However, the immunobiology of heart valve transplants remains unexplored, highlighting the need for animal models to study this new type of transplant. Previous rat models for heterotopic aortic valve transplantation into the abdominal aorta have been described, though they are technically challenging and costly. For addressing this challenge, a renal subcapsular transplant model was developed in rodents as a practical and more straightforward method for studying heart valve transplant immunobiology. In this model, a single aortic valve leaflet is harvested and inserted into the renal subcapsular space. The kidney is easily accessible, and the transplanted tissue is securely contained in a subcapsular space that is well vascularized and can accommodate a variety of tissue sizes. Furthermore, because a single rat can provide three donor aortic leaflets and a single kidney can provide multiple sites for transplanted tissue, fewer rats are required for a given study. Here, the transplantation technique is described, providing a significant step forward in studying the transplant immunology of heart valve transplantation.

This protocol describes a simple and efficient method for the transplantation of aortic valve leaflets under the renal capsule to allow for the study of alloreactivity of heart valves.

מודל פשוט להשתלת מסתם לב הטרוטופי במכרסמים

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of ...

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. However, lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. As such, there is high waitlist mortality. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) has increased donor lung utilization rates in some centers by 15%-20%. ESLP has been applied as a method to assess and recondition marginal donor lungs and has demonstrated acceptable short- and long-term outcomes following transplantation of extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. Large animal (in vivo) transplantation models are required to validate ongoing in vitro research findings. Anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and pigs pose significant technical and anesthetic challenges. An easily reproducible transplant model would permit the&#160;in vivo&#160;validation of current ESLP strategies and the preclinical evaluation of various interventions designed to improve donor lung function. This protocol describes a porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation. This includes anesthetic and surgical techniques, a customized surgical checklist, troubleshooting, modifications, and the benefits and limitations of the approach.

This protocol describes a juvenile porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation designed for use with ESLP research. Focus is made on anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as critical steps and troubleshooting.

השתלה אורתוטופית ריאה שמאלית במודל חזיר צעיר עבור ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. ...

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow tract or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction, with excellent early and late clinical outcomes. However, clinical challenges such as stented heart valve deterioration, coronary occlusion, endocarditis, and other complications must be addressed for lifetime application, particularly in pediatric patients. To facilitate the development of a lifelong solution for patients, transcatheter autologous pulmonary valve replacement was performed in an adult sheep model. The autologous pericardium was harvested from the sheep via left anterolateral minithoracotomy under general anesthesia with ventilation. The pericardium was placed on a 3D shaping heart valve model for non-toxic cross-linking for 2 days and 21 h. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and angiography were performed to assess the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the native pulmonary valve (NPV). After trimming, the crosslinked pericardium was sewn onto a self-expandable Nitinol stent and crimped into a self-designed delivery system. The autologous pulmonary valve (APV) was implanted at the NPV position via left jugular vein catheterization. ICE and angiography were repeated to evaluate the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the APV. An APV was successfully implanted in&#160;sheep J. In this paper, sheep J was selected to obtain representative results. A 30 mm APV with a Nitinol stent was accurately implanted at the NPV position without any significant hemodynamic change. There was no paravalvular leak, no new pulmonary valve insufficiency, or stented pulmonary valve migration. This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety, in a long-time follow-up, of developing an APV for implantation at the NPV position with a self-expandable Nitinol stent via jugular vein catheterization in an adult sheep model.

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of developing an autologous pulmonary valve for implantation at the native pulmonary valve position by using a self-expandable Nitinol stent in an adult sheep model. This is a step toward developing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction.

החלפת מסתם ריאתי טרנסקטטר מקרדיום אוטולוגי עם סטנט ניטינול הניתן להרחבה עצמית במודל כבשים בוגר

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow ...