Name: femur window chamber model for in vivo cell tracking in the murine bone marrow
Uploaded: 2016-07-28T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 41 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Femur Window Chamber Model for In Vivo Cell Tracking in the Murine Bone Marrow at JoVE.com

המחברים מבקשים להודות מתקן מיקרוסקופיה אופטית מתקדמת (www.aomf.ca) בבית רשת בריאות באוניברסיטת לסיוע עם מיקרוסקופיה, ומר ג&#39;ייסון אליס מן חנות הנסיכה מרגרט Cancer Center מכונות להכנת הב&quot;ש והשלב הדמיה. אנו רוצים גם להודות לד&quot;ר איריס Kulbatski לעריכת כתב יד.

<ol>
	<li>Zhao, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+and+the+control+of+immunity.">Bone marrow and the control of immunity.</a> Cell Mol Immunol. 9 (1), 11-19 (2012).</li><li>Borregaard, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils,+from+marrow+to+microbes.">Neutrophils, from marrow to microbes.</a> Immunity. 33 (5), 657-670 (2010).</li><li>Boxio, R., Bossenmeyer-Pourie, C., Steinckwich, N., Dournon, C., Nusse, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+bone+marrow+contains+large+numbers+of+functionally+competent+neutrophils.">Mouse bone marrow contains large numbers of functionally competent neutrophils.</a> J Leukoc Biol. 75 (4), 604-611 (2004).</li><li>Fridlender, Z. G., Albelda, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor-associated+neutrophils:+friend+or+foe?.">Tumor-associated neutrophils: friend or foe?.</a> Carcinogenesis. , (2012).</li><li>Fridlender, Z. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polarization+of+tumor-associated+neutrophil+phenotype+by+TGF-beta:+'N1'+versus+'N2+TAN.">Polarization of tumor-associated neutrophil phenotype by TGF-beta: 'N1' versus 'N2 TAN.</a> Cancer Cell. 16 (3), 183-194 (2009).</li><li>Coffelt, S. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-17-producing+[ggr][dgr]+T+cells+and+neutrophils+conspire+to+promote+breast+cancer+metastasis.">IL-17-producing [ggr][dgr] T cells and neutrophils conspire to promote breast cancer metastasis.</a> Nature. 522 (7556), 345-348 (2015).</li><li>Kitamura, T., Qian, B. Z., Pollard, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+cell+promotion+of+metastasis.">Immune cell promotion of metastasis.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 15 (2), 73-86 (2015).</li><li>Granot, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+entrained+neutrophils+inhibit+seeding+in+the+premetastatic+lung.">Tumor entrained neutrophils inhibit seeding in the premetastatic lung.</a> Cancer Cell. 20 (3), 300-314 (2011).</li><li>Travlos, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+structure,+function,+and+histology+of+the+bone+marrow.">Normal structure, function, and histology of the bone marrow.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 34 (5), 548-565 (2006).</li><li>Pittet, M. J., Weissleder, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+Imaging.">Intravital Imaging.</a> Cell. 147 (5), 983-991 (2011).</li><li>Alieva, M., Ritsma, L., Giedt, R. J., Weissleder, R., van Rheenen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+windows+for+long-term+intravital+imaging.">Imaging windows for long-term intravital imaging.</a> IntraVital. 3 (2), e29917 (2014).</li><li>Hamon, P., Rodero, M. P., Combadiere, C., Boissonnas, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+mouse+bone+marrow+monocytes+in+vivo.">Tracking mouse bone marrow monocytes in vivo.</a> J Vis Exp. (96), e52476 (2015).</li><li>Mazo, I. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hematopoietic+Progenitor+Cell+Rolling+in+Bone+Marrow+Microvessels:+Parallel+Contributions+by+Endothelial+Selectins+and+Vascular+Cell+Adhesion+Molecule+1.">Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Rolling in Bone Marrow Microvessels: Parallel Contributions by Endothelial Selectins and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1.</a> J. Exp. Med. 188 (3), 465-474 (1998).</li><li>Scott, M. K., Akinduro, O., Lo Celso, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vivo+4-Dimensional+Tracking+of+Hematopoietic+Stem+and+Progenitor+Cells+in+Adult+Mouse+Calvarial+Bone+Marrow.">In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (91), e51683 (2014).</li><li>Lassailly, F., Foster, K., Lopez-Onieva, L., Currie, E., Bonnet, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multimodal+imaging+reveals+structural+and+functional+heterogeneity+in+different+bone+marrow+compartments:+functional+implications+on+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Multimodal imaging reveals structural and functional heterogeneity in different bone marrow compartments: functional implications on hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Blood. 122 (10), 1730-1740 (2013).</li><li>Kohler, A., Geiger, H., Gunzer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+hematopoietic+stem+cells+in+the+marrow+of+long+bones+in+vivo.">Imaging hematopoietic stem cells in the marrow of long bones in vivo.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 750, 215-224 (2011).</li><li>Balan, M., Kiefer, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+model+for+ectopic,+chronic,+intravital+multiphoton+imaging+of+bone+marrow+vasculature+and+architecture+in+split+femurs.">A novel model for ectopic, chronic, intravital multiphoton imaging of bone marrow vasculature and architecture in split femurs.</a> IntraVital. 4 (2), e1066949 (2015).</li><li>Hansen-Algenstaedt, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Femur+window--a+new+approach+to+microcirculation+of+living+bone+in+situ.">Femur window--a new approach to microcirculation of living bone in situ.</a> J Orthop Res. 23 (5), 1073-1082 (2005).</li><li>Xu, N., Lei, X., Liu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+Neutrophil+Intraluminal+Crawling,+Transendothelial+Migration+and+Chemotaxis+in+Tissue+by+Intravital+Video+Microscopy.">Tracking Neutrophil Intraluminal Crawling, Transendothelial Migration and Chemotaxis in Tissue by Intravital Video Microscopy.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (55), e3296 (2011).</li><li>Mizuno, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+reveals+PKA+regulation+of+ERK+activity+during+neutrophil+recruitment+to+inflamed+intestines.">In vivo imaging reveals PKA regulation of ERK activity during neutrophil recruitment to inflamed intestines.</a> J. Exp. Med. 211 (6), 1123-1136 (2014).</li><li>Kreisel, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+two-photon+imaging+reveals+monocyte-dependent+neutrophil+extravasation+during+pulmonary+inflammation.">In vivo two-photon imaging reveals monocyte-dependent neutrophil extravasation during pulmonary inflammation.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107 (42), 18073-18078 (2010).</li><li>Yipp, B. G., Kubes, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibodies+against+neutrophil+LY6G+do+not+inhibit+leukocyte+recruitment+in+mice+in+vivo.">Antibodies against neutrophil LY6G do not inhibit leukocyte recruitment in mice in vivo.</a> Blood. 121 (1), 241-242 (2013).</li><li>Bucher, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+Ly6G+antibodies+determine+macrophage+phagocytosis+of+neutrophils+and+alter+the+retrieval+of+neutrophils+in+mice.">Fluorescent Ly6G antibodies determine macrophage phagocytosis of neutrophils and alter the retrieval of neutrophils in mice.</a> J Leukoc Biol. 98 (3), 365-372 (2015).</li><li>Lammermann, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+swarms+require+LTB4+and+integrins+at+sites+of+cell+death+in+vivo.">Neutrophil swarms require LTB4 and integrins at sites of cell death in vivo.</a> Nature. 498 (7454), 371-375 (2013).</li><li>Progatzky, F., Dallman, M. J., Lo Celso, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+seeing+to+believing:+labelling+strategies+for+in+vivo+cell-tracking+experiments.">From seeing to believing: labelling strategies for in vivo cell-tracking experiments.</a> Interface Focus. 3 (3), (2013).</li><li>Koewler, N. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+a+Monoclonal+Antibody+Raised+Against+Nerve+Growth+Factor+on+Skeletal+Pain+and+Bone+Healing+After+Fracture+of+the+C57BL/6J+Mouse+Femur.">Effects of a Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against Nerve Growth Factor on Skeletal Pain and Bone Healing After Fracture of the C57BL/6J Mouse Femur.</a> J. Bone Miner Res. 22 (11), 1732-1742 (2007).</li><li>Garcia, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+animal+models+of+delayed+bone+healing+and+non-union+formation:+a+comprehensive+review.">Rodent animal models of delayed bone healing and non-union formation: a comprehensive review.</a> Eur Cell Mater. 26, 1-12 (2013).</li><li>Liu, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+murine+femoral+segmental+defect+model+for+bone+tissue+engineering+using+a+novel+rigid+internal+fixation+system.">A murine femoral segmental defect model for bone tissue engineering using a novel rigid internal fixation system.</a> J Surg Res. 183 (2), 493-502 (2013).</li><li>Morrison, S. J., Scadden, D. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+bone+marrow+niche+for+haematopoietic+stem+cells.">The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells.</a> Nature. 505 (7483), 327-334 (2014).</li><li>Ellis, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+relationship+between+bone,+hemopoietic+stem+cells,+and+vasculature.">The relationship between bone, hemopoietic stem cells, and vasculature.</a> Blood. 118 (6), 1516-1524 (2011).</li><li>Vacaru, A., Vitale, J., Nieves, J., Baron, M., Singh, S. R., Coppola, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+Genetics.">Mouse Genetics.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1194, 289-312 (2014).</li></ol>

יש המחברים שום אינטרסים כלכליים מתחרים.

הדמיה בזמן אמת, סידורי של התהליכים התאיים הדינמיים במח עצם מספקת מידע כי הוא מאתגר אחרת להשיג באמצעות טכניקות קונבנציונליות כגון היסטולוגיה וספירת דם מוחלטת. מודל WC הירך המתואר כאן מספק הזדמנויות ייחודיות לחקור שינויים הסלולר מבניים במח העצם לאורך זמן. למרות מודל WC ...

מוח עצם הוא איבר חשוב המעורב hematopoiesis ורגולציה חיסונית. הוא מורכב מרכיב hematopoietic המכיל תאי גזע אבות היווצרות דם (HSPCs), ומרכיב סטרומה המכיל ובתאים הלא hematopoietic כי להצמיח תאי mesenchymal 1. שני שלישים של פעילות hematopoietic מוקדש לדור של תאים מיאלואידית 2. בפרט, מספר רב של נויטרופילים מיוצר במח העצם, עם 1-2 x 10 11 תאים שנוצרו ליום בתוך אדם מבוגר נורמלי 2. נויטרופילים הם קו ההגנה הראשון מפני זיהומים מיקרוביאליים שמורות בעיקר במח העצם עד מתח מפעילה התגייסותם להשלים נויטרופילים היקפי 1,3. בנוסף להשפעות שלהם אנטי מיקרוביאליים, מחקרים אחרונים מראים תפקיד חשוב של נויטרופילים בביולוגיה סרטן, נתקל בשני פרו פנוטיפים אנטי tumorigenic תלוי צמיחה הפיכתבטא גורם (TGF-β) איתות 4,5 microenvironment הגידול. יתר על כן, מחקרים הראו כי נויטרופילים שמצטברים גידולים ראשוניים להשפעות פרו-tumorigenic ו גרורתי ידי דיכוי הפונקציה ציטוטוקסיות של תאי T 6,7, תוך נויטרופילים במחזור להפעיל ציטוטוקסיות, אנטי-גרורתי השפעה 8. ככזה, החקירה של תאי hematopoietic במח העצם, במיוחד נויטרופילים, היא חיונית כדי הבהרת תפקידם בתקנה חיסונית גידול. Histopathology וספירת דם היקפית מלאה משמשים באופן שיגרתי כדי להעריך שינויים הסלולר מבניים מח עצם 9. עם זאת, שיטות אלה רק לספק מידע סטטי של אוכלוסיות תאים שונות או microstructures רקמות. אורך in vivo הדמיה ניתן להשתמש בשילוב עם השיטות הסטנדרטיות כדי להעריך את הדינמיקה של מרכיבים תאיים, כלי דם ואת סטרומה מרובים וכן תא אל גאינטראקציות ell באופן אורכי. מיקרוסקופיה Intravital (IVM), מוגדר הדמיה של חיים חיים ברזולוציה מיקרוסקופית 10, הוא שימושי במיוחד להערכת תהליכים תאיים דינמיים לאורך זמן באותו המדגם, צמצום מספר בעלי חי ניסוי הנדרש. IVM היא לעתים קרובות בשילוב עם תא חלון מושתלים כרוני (WC) לגשת איבר עניין הדמיה במשך זמן של שבועות עד חודשים. מודלי WC גולגולתי ו-skinfold הגבו יש את ההיסטוריה הארוכה ביותר של שימוש שראשיתה אמצע 1990. לאחרונה, מודלים WC איבר ספציפי אחרים כגון אלה של כרית שומן החלב ואת אברי הבטן השונים פותחו 11. הגישה הטיפוסית הדמית מח עצם in vivo יש בעיקר מעורבת חשיפת מִכסֵה הַגוּלגוֹלֶת של עכברים, שם העצם הדליל מאפשר הדמיה ישירה של תאים בודדים עם התערבות כירורגית מינימאלית 12-14. עם זאת, מח עצם calvarial עשוי bדואר שונה מזו של עצמות אחרות, כגון עצם הארוך, כפי שהוכח על ידי מספר נמוך יותר של HSPCs ותאי היפוקסי ב מִכסֵה הַגוּלגוֹלֶת, מעידה מופחתת תחזוקה ופיתוח של HSPCs 15. לכן, גישות חלופיות להערכת מרכיבים תאיים ב העצם הארוך נחקרו. אלה כוללים חשיפה ישירה של מח עצם ירך 16 והשתלות אקטופי של ירך פילוג skinfold הגבה בב&quot;ש 17. עם זאת, לשעבר הוא הליך מסוף שאינו מאפשר מעקב של שינויים הסלולר, מבניים ותפקודיים לאורך תקופות זמן ארוכות, ואת הסיכוי האחרון מפריע פונקצית מח עצם נורמלית עקב השתלת עצם הירך לאתר אקטופי בתוך WC הגבה skinfold. שיטה נוספת המאפשרת הדמיה סדרתי orthotopic של מח עצם הירך לאורך זמן הוא השימוש של WC בעצם הירך. בדוח הקודם אחת הפגינו הדמיה לטווח ארוך מיקרו מחזורי במח העצם הירך באמצעותירך WC בעכברים 18. בנוסף, החוקרים הדגימו ויזואליזציה של תאים סרטניים בעצם הירך, המציין השירות שלה גרור במח עצם ניטור. עם זאת, עיצוב בב&quot;ש זה היה מוגבל על ידי גודל גדול שלה (בקוטר 1.2 ס&quot;מ) ואזור הדמיה קטן יחסית (4 מ&quot;מ קוטר), אשר היה מתאים רק עכברים גדולים (26-34 גרם, 3-6 חודשים של גיל) ובכך להפוך את להתקרב מעשי לשימוש שגרתי. לכן, אסלה חדשה עם גודל כולל קטן ואזור הדמיה הפנימית גדול נועדו לצורך מחקר זה. מטרת המחקר הנוכחי הייתה לקבוע שיטת הדמית סוגי תאים שונים במח עצם הירך. מודל WC הירך פותח בתוך הבית ושמש לדמיין ולעקוב אחר נויטרופילים בתוך רשת כלי דם 3D. באמצעות מודל זה, IVM של מח העצם ניתן לבצע באופן סדרתי על 40 ימים. גישה זו ניתן ליישם במגוון תחומי הבהרת תהליכי hematopoiesis, תקנה חיסוניתהתפתחות גידולים nd.

<table><tbody><tr><td>NRCNU-F athymic nude mice</td><td>Taconic</td><td>Ncr nude</td><td>8-10 weeks old, female</td></tr><tr><td>Saline</td><td>Baxter</td><td>JB1302P</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine hydrochloride</td><td>Bioniche Animal Health Canada, Inc.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>DIN 01989529</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine</td><td>Bayer HealthCare, Bayer Inc.</td><td>DIN 02169592</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical drape</td><td>Proxima</td><td>DYNJP2405</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electric heating pad</td><td>Life Brand</td><td>57800827375</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stereomicroscope</td><td>Leica</td><td>Leica M60</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eye ointment (tear gel)</td><td>Novartis&amp;nbsp;</td><td>T296/2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7.5% betadine</td><td>Purdue Frederick Co</td><td>67618-151-16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% isopropyl alcohol</td><td>GreenField</td><td>P010IP7P</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10% betadine</td><td>Purdue Frederick Co</td><td>67618-150-05</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel handle (#3)</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>10003-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel blade (#15)</td><td>VWR</td><td>89176-368</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spring Scissors curved</td><td>Fine science Tools</td><td>15023-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Baby-Mixter Hemostat</td><td>Fine science Tools</td><td>13013-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine Scissors</td><td>Fine science Tools</td><td>14094-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Extra Fine Graefe Forceps</td><td>Fine science Tools</td><td>11151-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halsted-Mosquito Hemostats</td><td>Fine science Tools</td><td>13008-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro-drill</td><td>Harvard Apparaus</td><td>72-6065</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro-drill burrs</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>19007-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Femur window chamber</td><td>PMCC machine shop</td><td>custom design</td><td>9.1 mm- 8.5 mm- 7.5 mm (outer to inner diameter), 2.16 mm (radius of two holes), 13.9 mm (distance between two holes), 0.7 mm (thickness)</td></tr><tr><td>U-shaped bar</td><td>PMCC machine shop</td><td>custom design</td><td>13.8 mm (length), 1.6 mm (width), 3.7 mm (height)</td></tr><tr><td>Coverglass (8 mm)</td><td>Warner Instruments&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HBIO 64-0701 CS-8R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retaining ring (8 mm)</td><td>ACKLANDS GRAINGER</td><td>UNSPSC # 31163202</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuts (hexagon stainless steel)</td><td>Fastenal</td><td>70701</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dental cement</td><td>3M</td><td>RelyX U200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Suture (5-0 Monosof black)</td><td>Covioien</td><td>SN-5698</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halsey needle holder</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>12501-13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenorphine (Temgesic)</td><td>Reckitt Benckiser</td><td>DIN 0281251</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Meloxicam (Metacam)</td><td>Boehringer Ingelheim</td><td>DIN 02240463</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amoxicillin (Clamavox)</td><td>Pfizer</td><td>DIN 02027879</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FITC-Dextran</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>FD2000S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>APC- Anti-Mouse Ly-6G (Gr-1)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>17-9668</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Two-photon microscope LSM 710</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td>Zeiss LSM 710 NLO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Imaging stage</td><td>PMCC machine shop</td><td>custom design</td><td>15.9 cm (length), 11 cm (width), 0.9 cm (height)</td></tr><tr><td>Imaris software</td><td>Bitplane</td><td>Imaris 8.0</td><td>Image analysis software described in Section 3 of the Protocol&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Zen 2012</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>Zen 2012</td><td>Image acqusition software described in Section 2 of the Protocol&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

femur window chamber model for in vivo cell tracking in the murine bone marrow

Bone marrow is a complex organ that contains various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. These cells are involved in many biological processes, including hematopoiesis, immune regulation and tumor regulation. Commonly used methods for understanding cellular actions in the bone marrow, such as histology and blood counts, provide static information rather than capturing the dynamic action of multiple cellular components in vivo. To complement the standard methods, a window chamber (WC)-based model was developed to enable serial in vivo imaging of cells and structures in the murine bone marrow. This protocol describes a surgical procedure for installing the WC in the femur, in order to facilitate long-term optical access to the femoral bone marrow. In particular, to demonstrate its experimental utility, this WC approach was used to image and track neutrophils within the vascular network of the femur, thereby providing a novel method to visualize and quantify immune cell trafficking and regulation in the bone marrow. This method can be applied to study various biological processes in the murine bone marrow, such as hematopoiesis, stem cell transplantation, and immune responses in pathological conditions, including cancer.

מח עצם ירך Murine הוא לגשת בהצלחה באמצעות WC לאפשר ויזואליזציה של נויטרופילים פרט רשתות כלי דם. איור 1 מציג את מכשיר WC ומתאר את ההליך כירורגי, אשר כרוך בחשיפה של העצם ודילול הירך של עצם קורטיקלית כדי לקבל גישה אופטית בתוך עצם. הניתוח ונסבל היטב ע?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Femur Window Chamber Model for In Vivo Cell Tracking in the Murine Bone Marrow at JoVE.com

Femur Window Chamber Model for In Vivo Cell Tracking in the Murine Bone Marrow

The protocol describes a novel murine femur window chamber model that can be used to track movement of cells in the femoral bone marrow in vivo. Intravital multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is used to image three components of the femoral bone marrow (vasculature, collagen matrix, and neutrophils) over time.

חלון ירך דגם קאמרי<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; מעקב תא Murine מח עצם

Bone marrow is a complex organ that contains various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. These cells are involved in many biological processes, ...

femur-window-chamber-model-for-vivo-cell-tracking-murine-bone

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Femur Window Chamber Model for In Vivo Cell Tracking in the Murine Bone Marrow

8.1K Views.  Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. The protocol describes a novel murine femur window chamber model that can be used to track movement of cells in the femoral bone marrow in vivo. Intravital multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is used to image three components of the femoral bone marrow (vasculature, collagen matrix, and neutrophils) over time.

Video: Femur Window Chamber Model for In Vivo Cell Tracking in the Murine Bone Marrow

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell &#8211; Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. However, the analysis and quantification of cellular localization is difficult, as in many cases it relies on manual counting, thus bearing the risk of introducing a rater-dependent bias and reducing interrater reliability. Moreover, it is often difficult to judge whether the co-localization between two cells results from random positioning, especially when cell types differ strongly in the frequency of their occurrence. Here, a method for unbiased quantification of cellular co-localization in the bone marrow is introduced. The protocol describes the sample preparation used to obtain histological sections of whole murine long bones including the bone marrow, as well as the staining protocol and the acquisition of high-resolution images. An analysis workflow spanning from the recognition of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types in 2-dimensional (2D) bone marrow images to the quantification of the direct contacts between those cells is presented. This also includes a neighborhood analysis, to obtain information about the cellular microenvironment surrounding a certain cell type. In order to evaluate whether co-localization of two cell types is the mere result of random cell positioning or reflects preferential associations between the cells, a simulation tool which is suitable for testing this hypothesis in the case of hematopoietic as well as stromal cells, is used. This approach is not limited to the bone marrow, and can be extended to other tissues to permit reproducible, quantitative analysis of histological data.

A strategy to quantitatively analyze histological data in the bone marrow is presented. Confocal microscopy of fluorescently labeled cells in tissue sections results in 2-dimensional images, which are automatically analyzed. Co-localization analyses of different cell types are compared to data from simulated images, giving quantitative information about cellular interactions.

אוטומטי כימות של תא המטופואטיות - אינטראקציות תא סטרומה בתמונות היסטולוגית של עצם Undecalcified

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. ...

Developmental Biology

Combining Intravital Fluorescent Microscopy (IVFM) with Genetic Models to Study Engraftment Dynamics of Hematopoietic Cells to Bone Marrow Niches

Increasing evidence indicates that normal hematopoiesis is regulated by distinct microenvironmental cues in the BM, which include specialized cellular niches modulating critical hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions1,2. Indeed, a more detailed picture of the hematopoietic microenvironment is now emerging, in which the endosteal and the endothelial niches form functional units for the regulation of normal HSC and their progeny3,4,5. New studies have revealed the importance of perivascular cells, adipocytes and neuronal cells in maintaining and regulating HSC function6,7,8. Furthermore, there is evidence that cells from different lineages, i.e. myeloid and lymphoid cells, home and reside in specific niches within the BM microenvironment. However, a complete mapping of the BM microenvironment and its occupants is still in progress.
Transgenic mouse strains expressing lineage specific fluorescent markers or mice genetically engineered to lack selected molecules in specific cells of the BM niche are now available. Knock-out and lineage tracking models, in combination with transplantation approaches, provide the opportunity to refine the knowledge on the role of specific &#34;niche&#34; cells for defined hematopoietic populations, such as HSC, B-cells, T-cells, myeloid cells and erythroid cells. This strategy can be further potentiated by merging the use of two-photon microscopy of the calvarium. By providing in vivo high resolution imaging and 3-D rendering of the BM calvarium, we can now determine precisely the location where specific hematopoietic subsets home in the BM and evaluate the kinetics of their expansion over time. Here, Lys-GFP transgenic mice (marking myeloid cells)9 and RBPJ knock-out mice (lacking canonical Notch signaling)10 are used in combination with IVFM to determine the engraftment of myeloid cells to a Notch defective BM microenvironment.

Combining Intravital Fluorescent Microscopy IVFM with Genetic Models to Study Engraftment Dynamics of Hematopoietic Cells to Bone Marrow Niches

Intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVFM) of the calvarium is applied in combination with genetic animal models to study the homing and engraftment of hematopoietic cells into bone marrow (BM) niches.

שילוב של מיקרוסקופ פלואורסצנטי Intravital (IVFM) עם דגמים גנטיים בחקר דינמיקה Engraftment Hematopoietic תאים במח העצם נישות

Increasing evidence indicates that normal hematopoiesis is regulated by distinct microenvironmental cues in the BM, which include specialized cellular ...

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche, an intricate, multifactorial network of components producing cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix. The ability of HSCs to remain quiescent, self-renew or differentiate, and acquire mutations and become malignant depends upon the complex interactions they establish with different stromal components. To observe the crosstalk between human HSCs and the human BM niche in physiological and pathological conditions, we designed a protocol to ectopically model and image a humanized BM niche in immunodeficient mice. We show that the use of different cellular components allows for the formation of humanized structures and the opportunity to sustain long-term human hematopoietic engraftment. Using two-photon microscopy, we can live-image these structures in situ at the single-cell resolution, providing a powerful new tool for the functional characterization of the human BM microenvironment and its role in regulating normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

A method to create and live-image different humanized bone-marrow niches in mice is presented. Based on the supportive niche created by human mesenchymal cells, the addition of human endothelial cells induces the formation of human vessels, while the addition of rhBMP-2 induces the formation of human-mouse chimeric mature bone tissue.

הנדסת ביו-הנדסה של Microenvironments מוח העצם של עכבר ויזואליזציה שלהם על ידי הדמיה חיה

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche, an intricate, multifactorial network of components producing cytokines, growth ...

Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo

Real time multiphoton imaging provides a great opportunity to study cell trafficking and cell-to-cell interactions in their physiological 3-dimensionnal environment. Biological activities of immune cells mainly rely on their motility capacities. Blood monocytes have short half-life in the bloodstream; they originate in the bone marrow and are constitutively released from it. In inflammatory condition, this process is enhanced, leading to blood monocytosis and subsequent infiltration of the peripheral inflammatory tissues. Identifying the biomechanical events controlling monocyte trafficking from the bone marrow towards the vascular network is an important step to understand monocyte physiopathological relevance. We performed in vivo time-lapse imaging by two-photon microscopy of the skull bone marrow of the Csf1r-Gal4VP16/UAS-ECFP (MacBlue) mouse. The MacBlue mouse expresses the fluorescent reporters enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) under the control of a myeloid specific promoter 1, in combination with vascular network labelling. We describe how this approach enables the tracking of individual medullar monocytes in real time to further quantify the migratory behaviour within the bone marrow parenchyma and the vasculature, as well as cell-to-cell interactions. This approach provides novel insights into the biology of the bone marrow monocyte subsets and allows to further address how these cells can be influenced in specific pathological conditions.

Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo

Monocytes are key regulators of innate immunity and play a critical role in the renewal of the peripheral mononuclear phagocytic system and in case of inflammation. This manuscript describes the procedure of real time imaging of the mouse calvaria bone marrow to study the monocyte mobilisation mechanism.

מעקב עכבר מח עצם המונוציטים<em&gt; In vivo</em

Real time multiphoton imaging provides a great opportunity to study cell trafficking and cell-to-cell interactions in their physiological 3-dimensionnal ...

Femoral Bone Marrow Aspiration in Live Mice

Serial sampling of the cellular composition of bone marrow (BM) is a routine procedure critical to clinical hematology. This protocol describes a detailed step-by-step technical procedure for an analogous procedure in live mice which allows for serial characterization of cells present in the BM. This procedure facilitates studies aimed to detect the presence of exogenously administered cells within the BM of mice as would be done in xenograft studies for instance. Moreover, this procedure allows for the retrieval and characterization of cells enriched in the BM such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) without sacrifice of mice. Given that the cellular composition of peripheral blood is not necessarily reflective of proportions and types of stem and progenitor cells present in the marrow, procedures which provide access to this compartment without requiring termination of the mice are very helpful. The use of femoral bone marrow aspiration is illustrated here for cytological analysis of marrow cells, flow cytometric characterization of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment, and culture of sorted HSPCs obtained by femoral BM aspiration compared with conventional marrow harvest.

This protocol describes a procedure for serial sampling of femoral bone marrow (BM) without requiring the sacrifice of mice. This procedure facilitates longitudinal studies of the BM composition of mice over time and provides serial access to cells within the BM for ex vivo and transplantation studies.

הירך מח עצם שאיפה בעכברים חיים

Serial sampling of the cellular composition of bone marrow (BM) is a routine procedure critical to clinical hematology. This protocol describes a detailed ...

Medicine

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Investigation of the bone and the bone marrow is critical in many research fields including basic bone biology, immunology, hematology, cancer metastasis, biomechanics, and stem cell biology. Despite the importance of the bone in healthy and pathologic states, however, it is a largely under-researched organ due to lack of specialized knowledge of bone dissection and bone marrow isolation. Mice are a common model organism to study effects on bone and bone marrow, necessitating a standardized and efficient method for long bone dissection and bone marrow isolation for processing of large experimental cohorts. We describe a straightforward dissection procedure for the removal of the femur and tibia that is suitable for downstream applications, including but not limited to histomorphologic analysis and strength testing. In addition, we outline a rapid procedure for isolation of bone marrow from the long bones via centrifugation with limited handling time, ideal for cell sorting, primary cell culture, or DNA, RNA, and protein extraction. The protocol is streamlined for rapid processing of samples to limit experimental error, and is standardized to minimize user-to-user variability.

Here we present a protocol for the dissection of hind limb long bones (femurs and tibiae) from the laboratory mouse. We further describe a rapid technique for bone marrow isolation from these bones that utilizes centrifugation for removal of bone marrow from the bone marrow space.

Murine הינד לימב ארוך עצם Dissection ובידוד מח העצם

Investigation of the bone and the bone marrow is critical in many research fields including basic bone biology, immunology, hematology, cancer metastasis, ...

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

We developed and validated a fluorescent marking methodology for clonal tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high spatial and temporal resolution to study in vivo hematopoiesis using the murine bone marrow transplant experimental model. Genetic combinatorial marking using lentiviral vectors encoding fluorescent proteins (FPs) enabled cell fate mapping through advanced microscopy imaging. Vectors encoding five different FPs: Cerulean, EGFP, Venus, tdTomato, and mCherry were used to concurrently transduce HSPCs, creating a diverse palette of color marked cells. Imaging using confocal/two-photon hybrid microscopy enables simultaneous high resolution assessment of uniquely marked cells and their progeny in conjunction with structural components of the tissues. Volumetric analyses over large areas reveal that spectrally coded HSPC-derived cells can be detected non-invasively in various intact tissues, including the bone marrow (BM), for extensive periods of time following transplantation. Live studies combining video-rate multiphoton and confocal time-lapse imaging in 4D demonstrate the possibility of dynamic cellular and clonal tracking in a quantitative manner.

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

Combinatorial 5 fluorescent proteins marking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells allows in vivo clonal tracking via confocal and two-photon microscopy, providing insights into bone marrow hematopoietic architecture during regeneration. This method allows non-invasive fate mapping of spectrally-coded HSPCs-derived cells in intact tissues for extensive periods of time following transplantation.

במשובט מעקב vivo של גזע hematopoietic ובתאים המסומנים על ידי חמישה חלבונים ניאון באמצעות Confocal וmultiphoton מיקרוסקופית

We developed and validated a fluorescent marking methodology for clonal tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high spatial and ...

Biology

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

במעקב 4 ממדי Vivo של תאי גזע ואבות היווצרות דם במבוגרי עכבר calvarial מח עצם

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>הזרקה תוך עצם הירך לחקר מח עצם בעכברים חיים

Simplified Intrafemoral Injections Using Live Mice Allow for Continuous Bone Marrow Analysis

Despite the complexity of hematopoietic cell transplantation in humans, researchers commonly perform intravenous or intrafemoral (IF) injections in mice. In murine models, this technique has been adapted to enhance the seeding efficiency of transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This paper describes a detailed step-by-step technical procedure of IF injection and the following bone marrow (BM) aspiration in mice that allows for serial characterization of cells present in the BM. This method enables the transplantation of valuable samples with low cell numbers that are particularly difficult to engraft by intravenous injection. This procedure facilitates the creation of xenografts that are critical for pathological analysis. While it is easier to access peripheral blood (PB), the cellular composition of PB does not reflect the BM, which is the niche for HSPCs. Therefore, procedures providing access to the BM compartment are essential for studying hematopoiesis. IF injection and serial BM aspiration, as described here, allow for the prospective retrieval and characterization of cells enriched in the BM, such as HSPCs, without sacrificing the mice.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>הזרקות תוך עצם הירך הפשוטות באמצעות עכברים חיים מאפשרות ניתוח רציף של מח עצם

This protocol describes the intrafemoral injection of a few hematopoietic or leukemic stem cells, including gene-edited cells, in murine xenograft models, which will not only enable the quick and safe transplantation of cells but also serial analyses of the bone marrow.

הזרקות תוך עצם הירך הפשוטות באמצעות עכברים חיים מאפשרות ניתוח רציף של מח עצם

Despite the complexity of hematopoietic cell transplantation in humans, researchers commonly perform intravenous or intrafemoral (IF) injections in mice. ...

חלון ירך דגם קאמרי

Summary

Explore More Videos

Chapters in this video

אוטומטי כימות של תא המטופואטיות - אינטראקציות תא סטרומה בתמונות היסטולוגית של עצם Undecalcified

שילוב של מיקרוסקופ פלואורסצנטי Intravital (IVFM) עם דגמים גנטיים בחקר דינמיקה Engraftment Hematopoietic תאים במח העצם נישות

הנדסת ביו-הנדסה של Microenvironments מוח העצם של עכבר ויזואליזציה שלהם על ידי הדמיה חיה

מעקב עכבר מח עצם המונוציטים

הירך מח עצם שאיפה בעכברים חיים

Murine הינד לימב ארוך עצם Dissection ובידוד מח העצם

במשובט מעקב vivo של גזע hematopoietic ובתאים המסומנים על ידי חמישה חלבונים ניאון באמצעות Confocal וmultiphoton מיקרוסקופית

במעקב 4 ממדי Vivo של תאי גזע ואבות היווצרות דם במבוגרי עכבר calvarial מח עצם

הזרקות תוך עצם הירך הפשוטות באמצעות עכברים חיים מאפשרות ניתוח רציף של מח עצם

הזרקות תוך עצם הירך הפשוטות באמצעות עכברים חיים מאפשרות ניתוח רציף של מח עצם