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Method Article
* Questi autori hanno contribuito in egual misura
L'obiettivo di questo protocollo è quello di valutare in modo non invasivo i cambiamenti strutturali e funzionali cardiaci in un modello murino della malattia di cuore creato da trasversali costrizione aortica, con B e M-mode ecocardiografia e colore / impulsi di imaging onda Doppler.
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice has been used as a valuable model to study mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure1. A reliable noninvasive method is essential to assess real-time cardiac morphological and functional changes in animal models of heart disease. Transthoracic echocardiography represents an important tool for noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure and function2. Here we used a high-resolution ultrasound imaging system to monitor myocardial remodeling and heart failure progression over time in a mouse model of TAC. B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler imaging were used to precisely assess cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dilatation, and functional deterioration in mice following TAC. Color and pulse wave (PW) Doppler imaging was used to noninvasively measure pressure gradient across the aortic constriction created by TAC and to assess transmitral blood flow in mice. Thus transthoracic echocardiographic imaging provides comprehensive noninvasive measurements of cardiac dimensions and function in mouse models of heart disease.
Mouse models of heart disease, such as TAC and myocardial infarction (MI), have been proven to be valuable to study disease mechanisms as well as to develop novel therapeutic strategies3. TAC initially induces compensatory hypertrophy, but prolonged pressure overload leads to cardiac dilatation and heart failure4. The tightness of the aortic constriction directly determines the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and its transition to heart failure. Noninvasive and reliable measurement of pressure gradient across the aortic constriction is essential for the success of these studies. Doppler imaging has been used to assess pressure gradient produced by TAC5, which is a noninvasive alternative for catheter-based pressure measurement.
Echocardiography has been widely used to noninvasively measure cardiac morphology as well as systolic and diastolic function in mice6-8. Two-dimensional B-mode imaging is used to detect abnormal movements or structural changes of the heart. One-dimensional M-mode imaging is used for quantification of cardiac dimensions and contractility. Color and PW Doppler imaging has recently been used on rodent ultrasound, which has broad applications for echocardiography, including measurement of flow directionality and velocity, as well as systolic and diastolic performance9.
Longitudinal real-time monitoring of cardiac function using echocardiography in B-mode, M-mode, color and PW Doppler mode provides comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function in mice under physiological and pathological conditions. Here we provide a detailed description of the use of echocardiographic imaging to monitor dynamic cardiac morphological and functional changes in mice following TAC or sham surgery.
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Il protocollo segue le linee guida del Comitato Cura e uso istituzionale animali dell'Università di Washington.
1. Procedura chirurgica e preparazione per l'imaging
2. Nella aortico vista, utilizzare B-mode e Doppler Imaging per valutare trasversale aortica Costrizione
3. Nella parasternale asse lungo View, Usa B-mode e M-mode Imaging per valutare cardiache Dimensioni e della contrattilità
4. Nella parasternale asse corto View, Usa B-mode e M-mode Imaging cardiaco per valutare Morfologia e funzione
5. Nella vista apicale quattro camere, UsaDoppler Imaging Per valutare sistolica e funzione diastolica
Trattamento 6. post-procedurale di Animal
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La figura 1 mostra le immagini B-mode della vista aortico del cuore del mouse sottoposti a sham (Figura 1A) o la chirurgia TAC (Figura 1B). L'arco aortico, arteria anonima, ha lasciato l'arteria carotide comune, e l'arteria succlavia sinistra sono mostrati. Si noti che costrizione aortica è chiaramente visibile nel TAC, ma non sham cuore. Immagini Color Doppler da vista aortica sono mostrati nella Figura 2A....
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L'ecocardiografia è stato ampiamente utilizzato per valutare la funzione cardiaca in modelli di roditori di malattie cardiache 2,6. Rispetto alle metodologie invasive o terminali, come la pressione-volume di misura del ciclo 11 e ex vivo di lavoro del cuore 12, l'ecocardiografia fornisce un potente, strumento non invasivo per valutare i cambiamenti strutturali e funzionali cardiache in corso in animali viventi. Per ottenere dati affidabili, è importante mantenere la te...
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This work was supported in part by NIH/NHLBI grants R00HL0908076 and R01HL116507 (to Q.L.).
The authors have nothing to disclose.
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Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Anesthesia equipment | Harvard Apparatus, 84 October Hill Road Holliston, MA | 723015 | |
Vevo 2100 Imaging System | VisualSonics Inc., 3080 Yonge Street Suite 6100, Box 66, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | Vevo 2100 | |
Aquasonic ultrasound gel | Parker Laboratories, 286 Eldridge Rd, Fairfield, NJ | 03-50 | |
Isoflurane | Piramal Healthcare, Inc, 3950 Schelden Circle Bethlehem, PA | NDC 66794-017-25 | |
F/air anesthesia gas filter unit | A.M. Bickford, Inc, 12318 Big Tree Rd, Wales Center, NY | 80120 |
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