1. Rat anatomia biliare Il diametro del condotto biliare e la lunghezza media è stato di 1 mm e 29 mm, rispettivamente. La distanza media tra il piloro e la papilla duodenale era di 28 mm. Ci sono due dotti pancreatici principali che si aprono nel dotto biliare - il condotto anteriore si apre sul lato sinistro e il condotto posteriore si apre sul lato destro. Oltre a questi canali principali, una serie di canali minori che drenano tutte e tre le parti del pancreas aperta direttamente al dotto biliare 6. 2. Tecnica Tutti gli esperimenti sugli animali sono stati eseguiti in accordo con il National Institutes of linee guida Salute per la ricerca etica e sono stati approvati dal comitato di ricerca dell&#39;istituzione e Cura Comitato degli animali. Maschi Sprague-Dawley di 8 settimane sono stati utilizzati per questa dimostrazione. I ratti sono stati ottenuti da Charles River Laboratories a Wilmington, MA e tutti sono stati oltre 300 grammi. Ratti ha avuto accesso alla dieta standard di laboratorio e sono stati alloggiati insieme in condizioni standard di laboratorio. I ratti sono stati anestetizzati con isofluorane inizialmente e tenute sotto anestesia durante l&#39;intervento chirurgico con isofluorane attraverso una maschera. Una linea mediana incisione di 2 cm è stata fatta a partire dal xiphisternum. Una volta che la fascia è stata aperta, i lobi del fegato sono stati retratto cranialmente con arrotolatore uno Sen, e il duodeno era ritirato caudalmente con Q-Tips. Il dotto biliare è stato identificato come una struttura tubolare entrare nel duodeno. Il dotto biliare è stato messo sotto tensione e in parte a cielo aperto. Un tubo in polietilene sterile 5 cm di lunghezza con un diametro interno di 0,6 mm e un diametro esterno di 0,9 mm è stata utilizzata. Una fine di questo tubo è stato termosaldato e l&#39;altra estremità era dolcemente smussati. La fine smussato è stato poi passato nel dotto biliare. Questo è stato fissato in posizione con 8-0 punti di sutura in nylon sia prossimale e distale per l&#39;apertura del dotto biliare. Il tubo rimanenti insieme con l&#39;estremità sigillata è stata posta nella cavità peritoneale. La sede operativa è stata irrigata con soluzione fisiologica. L&#39;addome è stato poi chiuso in 2 strati, con sutura poliglactina 4-0. La linea alba si è chiusa con sutura continua e le suture interrotte cutanea sono stati collocati. Colla pelle è stata poi applicata sulla pelle. I ratti sono stati autorizzati a recuperare in condizioni di laboratorio standard con il monitoraggio quotidiano del peso corporeo per assicurare una corretta idratazione. Per l&#39;operazione di inversione colestasi, i ratti sono stati anestetizzati con isofluorane come descritto in precedenza. L&#39;addome è stato aperto il sito di incisione precedente. Il tubo è stato identificato e portato fuori dalla cavità peritoneale. Aderenze omento attorno al tubo vengono liberati mediante dissezione smussa e taglienti. Un sito nel duodeno è stato poi identificato per un posizionamento confortevole del tubo duodenostomia. Una sutura stringa borsa, 2-3 mm di diametro, è stato poi messo in nylon con 8-0. Il duodeno è stato poi inaugurato all&#39;interno di questa sutura stringa borsa. La fine sigillata del tubo è stato poi tagliato a misura appropriata. Libero flusso della bile è stata assicurata. Questa estremità del tubo è stato poi messo nel duodeno e la sutura stringa di borsa è stato serrato. L&#39;addome era irrigata e chiuso a strati. In uno studio precedente, in cui choledochoduodenostomy è stata effettuata utilizzando una tecnica diversa, i topi erano sopravvissuti per 12 settimane, i topi erano sani durante quel periodo. Anche questo studio ha confermato l&#39;inversione di cambiamenti biochimici e istologici dopo choledochoduodenostomy nei ratti sottoposti ad occlusione del dotto biliare per un periodo di 2 settimane 7.

<ol>
	<li>Gouma, D. J., Roughneen, P. T., Kumar, S., Moody, F. G., Rowlands, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+nutritional+status+associated+with+obstructive+jaundice+and+biliary+drainage+in+rats.">Changes in nutritional status associated with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage in rats.</a> Am J Clin Nutr. 44, 362-369 (1986).</li><li>Ohtsuka, M., Miyazaki, M., Kondo, Y., Nakajima, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil-mediated+sinusoidal+endothelial+cell+injury+after+extensive+hepatectomy+in+cholestatic+rats.">Neutrophil-mediated sinusoidal endothelial cell injury after extensive hepatectomy in cholestatic rats.</a> Hepatology. 25, 636-641 (1997).</li><li>Abe, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kupffer+cell-derived+interleukin+10+is+responsible+for+impaired+bacterial+clearance+in+bile+duct-ligated+mice.">Kupffer cell-derived interleukin 10 is responsible for impaired bacterial clearance in bile duct-ligated mice.</a> Hepatology. 40, 414-423 (2004).</li><li>Saiki, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preoperative+internal+biliary+drainage+is+superior+to+external+biliary+drainage+in+liver+regeneration+and+function+after+hepatectomy+in+obstructive+jaundiced+rats.">Preoperative internal biliary drainage is superior to external biliary drainage in liver regeneration and function after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats.</a> Ann Surg. 230, 655-662 (1999).</li><li>Subhas, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+effect+of+methylprednisolone+on+warm+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+a+cholestatic+rat+liver.">Protective effect of methylprednisolone on warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in a cholestatic rat liver.</a> Am J Surg. 199, 377-380 (2010).</li><li>Kara, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anatomical+study+on+the+rat+pancreas+and+its+ducts+with+emphasis+on+the+surgical+approach.">The anatomical study on the rat pancreas and its ducts with emphasis on the surgical approach.</a> Ann Anat. 187, 105-112 (2005).</li><li>Ryan, C. J., Than, T., Blumgart, L. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Choledochoduodenostomy+in+the+rat+with+obstructive+jaundice.">Choledochoduodenostomy in the rat with obstructive jaundice.</a> J Surg Res. 23, 321-331 (1977).</li></ol>

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Colestasi porta ad una miriade di cambiamenti nel sistema gastrointestinale. Gli studi sono stati fatti guardando i cambiamenti nel sistema immunitario e lo stato nutrizionale. Colestasi 1-3 possono influenzare gli esiti di interventi di chirurgia epatica. Sono stati condotti studi per migliorare gli esiti di interventi chirurgici epatica in presenza di colestasi. 4-5 Con il miglioramento della medicina e della ricerca, ulteriori studi saranno fatto su colestasi. Quindi è necessario avere un buon ...

creation of reversible cholestatic rat model

Colestasi è una condizione clinica comunemente incontrate dai chirurghi e gastroenterologi. Colestasi può causare diversi cambiamenti fisiologici e influenzano lo stato nutrizionale e risultati chirurgici. Studio delle alterazioni fisiopatologiche che si verificano nel fegato e altri organi è di importanza. Vari studi sono stati condotti in modelli di ratto colestatico. Abbiamo usato un modello reversibile ratto colestatico nel nostro recente studio guardando il ruolo di metilprednisolone nel danno da riperfusione ischemia. Varie tecniche per la creazione di un modello reversibile colestatico sono stati descritti. Creazione di un modello reversibile ratto colestatico può essere difficile in vista della taglia più piccola e unica anatomia hepatopancreatobiliary nei ratti. In questo articolo il video dimostra la creazione di un modello colestatico reversibile. Questo modello può essere utilizzato in vari studi, come ad esempio guardando i cambiamenti nutrizionali, fisiologici, patologici, alterazioni istologiche e immunologiche nel tratto gastrointestinale. Questo modello può essere utilizzato anche per vedere gli effetti di colestasi e vari interventi terapeutici sui principali interventi di chirurgia epatica.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Creation of Reversible Cholestatic Rat Model at JoVE.com

Creation of Reversible Cholestatic Rat Model

Colestasi è una condizione clinica comunemente incontrate dai chirurghi e gastroenterologi. Creazione di un modello reversibile ratto colestatico può essere difficile in vista della taglia più piccola e unica anatomia hepatopancreatobiliary nei ratti. In questo articolo il video dimostra la creazione di un modello colestatico reversibile.

Creazione del Modello reversibile Rat colestatico

Cholestasis is a clinical condition commonly encountered by both surgeons and gastroenterologists. Cholestasis can cause various physiological changes and ...

creation-of-reversible-cholestatic-rat-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.9K Views.  Providence Hospital and Medical Centers. Colestasi è una condizione clinica comunemente incontrate dai chirurghi e gastroenterologi. Creazione di un modello reversibile ratto colestatico può essere difficile in vista della taglia più piccola e unica anatomia hepatopancreatobiliary nei ratti. In questo articolo il video dimostra la creazione di un modello colestatico reversibile.

Video: Creation of Reversible Cholestatic Rat Model

Ascending Aortic Constriction in Rats for Creation of Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy Model

Ascending aortic constriction is the most common and successful surgical model for creating pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Here, we describe a detailed surgical procedure for creating pressure overload and cardiac hypertrophy in rats by constriction of the ascending aorta using a small metallic clip. After anesthesia, the trachea is intubated by inserting a cannula through a half way incision made between two cartilage rings of trachea. Then a skin incision is made at the level of the second intercostal space on the left chest wall and muscle layers are cleared to locate the ascending portion of aorta. The ascending aorta is constricted to 50&#8211;60% of its original diameter by application of a small sized titanium clip. Following aortic constriction, the second and third ribs are approximated with prolene sutures. The tracheal cannula is removed once spontaneous breathing was re-established. The animal is allowed to recover on the heating pad by gradually lowering anesthesia. The intensity of pressure overload created by constriction of the ascending aorta is determined by recording the pressure gradient using trans-thoracic two dimensional Doppler-echocardiography. Overall this protocol is useful to study the remodeling events and contractile properties of the heart during the gradual onset and progression from compensated cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure stage.

We describe a stepwise procedure for creating pressure overload and left ventricular hypertrophy in Wistar rats by constriction of the ascending aorta using a small metallic clip. This model is extensively used for studying remodeling changes during cardiac hypertrophy and for identifying and evaluating strategies for regression of such changes.

Crescente aortica Costrizione in ratti per la creazione di sovraccarico di pressione cardiaca Ipertrofia Modello

Ascending aortic constriction is the most common and successful surgical model for creating pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart ...

Ricerca

Medicina

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. Presented here is a model of obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), which can either be irreversible (UUO) or reversible (R-UUO). In the irreversible UUO model, the ureter may be obstructed for variable periods of time in order to induce increasingly severe renal inflammation and interstitial fibrotic scarring. In the reversible R-UUO model the ureter is obstructed to induce hydronephrosis, tubular dilation and inflammation. After a suitable period of time the ureteric obstruction is then surgically reversed by anastomosis of the severed previously obstructed ureter to the bladder in order to allow complete decompression of the kidney and restoration of urinary flow to the bladder. The irreversible UUO model has been used to investigate various aspects of renal inflammation and scarring including the pathogenesis of disease and the testing of potential anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrotic therapies. The more challenging model of R-UUO has been used by some investigators and does offer significant research potential as it allows the study of inflammatory and immune processes and tissue remodeling in an injured and scarred kidney following the removal of the injurious stimulus. As a result, the R-UUO model offers investigators the opportunity to explore the resolution of kidney inflammation together with key aspects of tissue repair. These experimental models are of relevance to human disease as patients often present with obstruction of the renal tract that requires decompression and are commonly left with significant residual kidney impairment that has no current treatment options and may lead to eventual end stage kidney failure.

The murine model of irreversible unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is presented together with the model of reversible UUO in which the ureteric obstruction is relieved by anastomosis of the severed ureter into the bladder. These models enable the study of renal inflammation and scarring as well as tissue remodeling.

Un modello murino di irreversibile e reversibile unilaterale Ureteric Ostruzione

Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. Presented here is a model of obstructive ...

Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or intraabdominal infection. The precise mechanisms underlying adhesion formation are poorly understood. Many compounds and physical barriers have been tested for their ability to prevent adhesions after surgery with varying levels of success. The mouse and rat are important models for the study of abdominal adhesions. Several different techniques for the creation of adhesions in the mouse and rat exist in the literature. Here we describe a protocol utilizing abrasion of the cecum with sandpaper and sutures placed in the right abdominal sidewall. The mouse is anesthetized and the abdomen is prepped. A midline laparotomy is created and the cecum is identified. Sandpaper is used to gently abrade the surface of the cecum. Next, several figure-of-eight sutures are placed into the peritoneum of the right abdominal sidewall. The abdominal cavity is irrigated, a small amount of starch is applied, and the incision is closed. We have found that this technique produces the most consistent adhesions with the lowest mortality rate.

Abdominal adhesions that form after surgery are a major cause of pain, infertility, and hospitalization and reoperation for small bowel obstruction. Our surgical procedure for creating abdominal adhesions in mice is a reliable tool to study the mechanisms underlying the formation of adhesions.

Creazione di addominali aderenze nei topi

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or ...

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Artificial skin has achieved considerable therapeutic results in clinical practice. However, artificial skin treatments for wounds in diabetic patients with impeded blood flow or with large wounds might be prolonged. Cell-based therapies have appeared as a new technique for the treatment of diabetic ulcers, and cell-sheet engineering has improved the efficacy of cell transplantation. A number of reports have suggested that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), a type of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC), exhibit therapeutic potential due to their relative abundance in adipose tissue and their accessibility for collection when compared to MSCs from other tissues. Therefore, ASCs appear to be a good source of stem cells for therapeutic use. In this study, ASC sheets from the epididymal adipose fat of normal Lewis rats were successfully created using temperature-responsive culture dishes and normal culture medium containing ascorbic acid. The ASC sheets were transplanted into Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a rat model of type 2 diabetes and obesity, that exhibit diminished wound healing. A wound was created on the posterior cranial surface, ASC sheets were transplanted into the wound, and a bilayer artificial skin was used to cover the sheets. ZDF rats that received ASC sheets had better wound healing than ZDF rats without the transplantation of ASC sheets. This approach was limited because ASC sheets are sensitive to dry conditions, requiring the maintenance of a moist wound environment. Therefore, artificial skin was used to cover the ASC sheet to prevent drying. The allogenic transplantation of ASC sheets in combination with artificial skin might also be applicable to other intractable ulcers or burns, such as those observed with peripheral arterial disease and collagen disease, and might be administered to patients who are undernourished or are using steroids. Thus, this treatment might be the first step towards improving the therapeutic options for diabetic wound healing.

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are easily isolated and harvested from the fat of normal rats. ASC sheets can be created using cell-sheet engineering and can be transplanted into Zucker diabetic fatty rats exhibiting full-thickness skin defects with exposed bone and then covered with a bilayer of artificial skin.

Creazione e il trapianto di un foglio di cellule staminali di derivazione adiposa (ASC) in un modello diabetico di guarigione

Artificial skin has achieved considerable therapeutic results in clinical practice. However, artificial skin treatments for wounds in diabetic patients ...

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation.
The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the aorta induce chronic hypoxia due to hypoperfusion of the adventitial vasa vasorum. This article describes a novel animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with characteristics similar to those of AAA in humans.

Creazione di un modello del roditore del Aneurysm aortico addominale bloccando Adventitial Vasa Vasorum perfusione

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Misurazione di contrattilità isometrica dell'arteria mesenterica Mouse con filo Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of colonic surgeries and can occur in up to 26% of surgical anastomoses, with mortality being up to 39% for patients with such a leak. Currently, there remains a paucity of data detailing the cellular mechanisms of anastomotic healing. Devising preventative strategies and treatment modalities for anastomotic leak could be greatly potentiated by a better understanding of appropriate anastomotic healing.
A murine model is ideal as previous studies have shown that the murine anastomosis is the most clinically similar to the human case as compared with other animal models. We offer an easily reproducible murine model of colonic anastomosis in mice that will allow for further illustration of anastomotic healing.

Anastomotic leak or breakdown after surgery is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Our surgery for creating a colonic anastomosis is a reliable and reproducible method for studying the healing mechanisms of anastomoses.

Creazione dell'anastomosi colica in topi

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of ...

A Reversible Silicon Oil-Induced Ocular Hypertension Model in Mice

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-documented risk factor for glaucoma. Here we describe a novel, effective method for consistently inducing stable IOP elevation in mice that mimics the post-operative complication of using silicone oil (SO) as a tamponade agent in human vitreoretinal surgery. In this protocol, SO is injected into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye to block the pupil and prevent inflow of aqueous humor. The posterior chamber accumulates aqueous humor and this in turn increases the IOP of the posterior segment. A single SO injection produces reliable, sufficient, and stable IOP elevation, which induces significant glaucomatous neurodegeneration. This model is a true replicate of secondary glaucoma in the eye clinic. To further mimic the clinical setting, SO can be removed from the anterior chamber to reopen the drainage pathway and allow inflow of aqueous humor, which is drained through the trabecular meshwork (TM) at the angle of the anterior chamber. Because IOP quickly returns to normal, the model can be used to test the effect of lowering IOP on glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells. This method is straightforward, does not require special equipment or repeat procedures, closely simulates clinical situations, and may be applicable to diverse animal species. However, minor modifications may be required.

Here, we present a protocol to induce ocular hypertension and glaucomatous neurodegeneration in mouse eyes by intracameral injection of silicone oil and the procedure for silicone oil removal from the anterior chamber to return elevated intraocular pressure to normal.

Un modello di ipertensione oculare indotta da olio di silicone reversibile nei topi

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-documented risk factor for glaucoma. Here we describe a novel, effective method for consistently inducing ...

Acupuncture in a Rat Model of Asthma

A high platform can fix rats without restriction and completely expose the acupoints on the back during acupuncture manipulation. This article describes methods for the fabrication of the high platform, establishes a rat model of asthma and measures changes in respiratory function using a noninvasive and real-time whole-body plethysmography (WBP) system.

Agopuntura in un modello di ratto di asma

A high platform can fix rats without restriction and completely expose the acupoints on the back during acupuncture manipulation. This article describes ...

Development of a Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Rat Model

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) with the potential to significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Approximately 10%-20% of women undergo pelvic floor repair surgery to treat prolapse in the United States. PFD cases result in an overall $26.3 billion annual cost in the United States alone. This multifactorial condition has a negative impact on the quality of life and yet the treatment options have only dwindled in the recent past. One common surgical option is uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS), which is typically performed by affixing the vaginal vault to the uterosacral ligament in the pelvis. This repair has a lower incidence of complications compared to those with mesh augmentation, but is notable for a relatively high failure rate of up to 40%. Considering the lack of standard animal models to study pelvic floor dysfunction, there is an urgent clinical need for innovation in this field with a focus on developing cost-effective and accessible animal models. In this manuscript, we describe a rat model of USLS involving a complete hysterectomy followed by fixation of the remaining vaginal vault to the uterosacral ligament. The goal of this model is to mimic the procedure performed on women to be able to use the model to then investigate reparative strategies that improve the mechanical integrity of the ligament attachment. Importantly, we also describe the development of an in situ tensile testing procedure to characterize interface integrity at chosen time points following surgical intervention. Overall, this model will be a useful tool for future studies that investigate treatment options for POP repair via USLS.

Pelvic organ prolapse affects millions of women worldwide and yet some common surgical interventions have failure rates as high as 40%. The lack of standard animal models to investigate this condition impedes progress. We propose the following protocol as a model for uterosacral ligament suspension and in vivo tensile testing.

Sviluppo di un modello di ratto di sospensione del legamento uterosacrale

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) with the potential to significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Approximately ...