Name: primary culture of mouse dopaminergic neurons
Uploaded: 2014-09-08T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 58 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons at JoVE.com

Supported by grants from CNRS and INSERM. PM acknowledges support from the Fondation pour la Recherche M&#233;dicale en France (Equipe FRM 2009). SC acknowledges support from the Fondation de France.

I topi utilizzati in questo lavoro sono stati curati e trattati in conformità con le linee guida del Consiglio dell&#39;Unione europea (86/609 / UE) per l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio. 1 Preparazione delle soluzioni necessarie <ol><li> Soluzioni Immagini <ol><li> 10x Poly-L-Ornitina (OLP) Soluzione: pesare 10 mg di PLO bromidrato (peso molecolare = 30,000-70,000) e sciogliere in 70 ml di acqua sterile. Filtrare la soluzione con 0,2 micron filtro a siringa, aliquote, e conservare a -20 ° C. </li><li> 30% di soluzione di glucosio: pesare 30 g di D (+) - Glucosio e sciogliere in acqua sterile fino ad un volume totale di 100 ml. Filter, aliquote e conservare a 4 ° C. </li><li> Modified mezzo di Eagle di 5x Dulbecco (DMEM) / Nutrient Mixture F-12 Ham: pesare 6 g di polvere DMEM / F-12 Prosciutto e sciogliere in acqua sterile fino ad un volume totale di 100 ml. Filter, aliquote e conservare a 4 ° C. </li><li> 7,5% Bicarbonato di sodio (NaHCO3) Solution: pesare 7,5 g di NaHCO3 e sciogliere in acqua sterile fino ad un volume totale di 100 ml. Filter, aliquote e conservare a 4 ° C. </li><li> 1 M HEPES Soluzione: Pesare 23,8 g di HEPES e sciogliere in acqua sterile fino ad un volume totale di 100 ml. Filter, aliquote e conservare a 4 ° C. </li><li> 70% (v / v) etanolo: Diluire 70 ml di etanolo assoluto con 30 ml di acqua sterile. </li></ol></li><li> Tampone fosfato isotonico con glucosio e antibiotici (PBS-GAB): aggiungere 10 ml di soluzione di glucosio al 30% e 5 ml di soluzione di penicillina-streptomicina a 500 ml di Dulbecco Phosphate Buffered Saline. Conservare a 4 ° C. </li><li> Inattivato siero fetale bovino (IFB): Scongelare siero bovino notte a 4 ° C e inattivare a 56 ° C per 30 min. Aliquota in 50 ml e conservare a -20 ° C. </li><li> Cultura Media: In acqua sterile, mescolare successivamente 40 ml di DMEM 5x / F12-Ham, 1 ml di 1 M HEPES, 2 ml di 200 mM L-glutammina, 2 ml di penicillina-streptomicina, 4 ml di 30% di glucosio unnd 3 ml di 7,5% NaHCO3 ad un volume finale di 180 ml. Filtrare e utilizzare lo stesso giorno. </li><li> Ormone Mix <ol><li> Preparare 180 ml di terreno di coltura. Sciogliere 200 mg di apo-transferrina in questo mezzo. </li><li> Pesare 50 mg di insulina e sciogliere in 2 ml di HCl 0,1 M. Aggiungere lentamente 8 ml di acqua sterile mentre mescolando delicatamente. Diluire la soluzione nel mezzo di coltura. </li><li> Pesare 19,3 mg di putrescina dicloridrato e sciogliere in 10 ml di acqua sterile. Aggiungere la soluzione alla miscela ormone 10 ml. </li><li> Preparare una soluzione di selenito di sodio 3 mM in acqua sterile e una soluzione di progesterone 2 mM in etanolo assoluto. Aggiungere 20 ml di ciascuna soluzione al mix ormonale. </li><li> Filtrare il mix di ormoni, un&#39;aliquota in 10 ml e conservare a -20 ° C. </li></ol></li></ol> 2 Preparazione di piastre di coltura e strumenti <ol><li> FBS rivestimento delle piastre di coltura: Il giorno prima della dissezione, preparare 180 ml di terreno di coltura. Aggiungere 10 ml diIFB a 90 ml di mezzo di coltura. Aggiungere 300 ml / pozzetto di terreno di coltura / 10% IFB in piastre da 24 pozzetti poli-D-lisina pretrattata. Incubare per una notte a 37 ° C. Conservare i supporti rimanenti (con e senza IFB) a 4 ° C. </li><li> Sterilizzare gli strumenti e le pipette Pasteur. Raccogliere le attrezzature elencate nella tabella dei materiali così come una cappa di classe II a flusso laminare e un incubatore CO 2. </li></ol> 3. Dissezione di mouse mesencefalo <ol><li> Sacrifica un E13.5 il mouse in stato di gravidanza (secondo le linee guida istituzionali). Pulire l&#39;addome del mouse con il 70% di etanolo e aprire la parete addominale. Raccogliere le corna uterine, aprirli utilizzando le forbici delicati, sezionare ogni embrione dalle corna uterine, e rimuovere le membrane amniotiche. Mettere gli embrioni in una capsula di Petri 100 millimetri contenente PBS sterile-GAB e lavarli con bonifico in 3 bagni identici consecutivi con pinze. Per la dissezione, collocare gli embrioni da 3 in una capsula di Petri sterile 60 mm. </li><li> Movvia e il piatto finale Petri allo stereomicroscopio. Non decapitare gli embrioni. Utilizzando le forbici Vännäs, asportare il cervello. <ol><li> Rimuovere con cautela e scartare le regioni anteriori e romboencefalo. A lato rostrale, tagliare vicino alla regione del talamo, al taglio laterale caudale in corrispondenza della zona istmo, rimuovere il collicolo superiore. </li><li> Una volta che il mesencefalo ventrale è isolato, rimuovere con cautela le meningi con una pinza ultra fine. Raccogliere i segmenti sezionati, senza le meningi, in una provetta sterile da 13 ml riempito con PBS-GAB. </li></ol></li><li> Pulire accuratamente il tubo contenente il mesencephala con il 70% di etanolo e portarla sotto il cofano. </li></ol> Dissociazione 4. cellulare <ol><li> Lavare mesencephala 3 volte con PBS sterile-GAB. Consenti frammenti del cervello di stabilirsi tra ogni lavaggio ed evitare di interrompere il tessuto. Dopo l&#39;ultimo lavaggio, rimuovere con attenzione quanto soluzione possibile e incubare segmenti cerebrali in 3 ml di tripsina / EDTA per 15 min a 37 ° C in unCO 2 incubatore. </li><li> Fuoco-lucidare le pipette Pasteur per massimizzare la sopravvivenza dei neuroni, come la fine di una pipetta di vetro non levigato è tagliente e può danneggiare le cellule durante le fasi di dissociazione. Leggermente ridurre il diametro estremità (+ 0,5 mm) della pipetta Pasteur mentre fuoco lucidatura. </li><li> Rimuovere con attenzione quanto soluzione / EDTA tripsina possibile e aggiungere 10 ml di terreno di coltura / 10% IFB. Lavare i segmenti del cervello 3x con terreno di coltura / 10% IFB. </li><li> Utilizzando la pipetta Pasteur fuoco lucido, iniziare dissociazione di mesencephala in 6 ml di terreno di coltura / 10% IFB. Triturare 10x (evitare bolle d&#39;aria), consentono ai blocchi di stabilirsi, poi raccogliere il medium in una nuova provetta sterile 13 ml. </li><li> Aggiungere 6 ml di terreno di coltura, ripetere il passaggio precedente, una volta e raccogliere il supporto contenente cellule dissociate nello stesso tubo 13 ml. </li><li> Centrifugare le cellule a 160 g per 5 min. Eliminare il surnatante e risospendere le cellule in terreno di coltura addizionato con10% mix ormonale. </li></ol> 5. cellulare placcatura <ol><li> Contare le celle in sospensione in una cella Malassez e regolare il volume del mezzo ad una concentrazione di 600.000 cellule / ml. Circa 1.700.000 cellule possono essere ottenute da un mesencefalo mouse. </li><li> Rimuovere FBS-terreno contenente rivestimento da piastre da 24 pozzetti e aggiungere in ogni pozzetto 1 ml di sospensione cellulare (600.000 cellule / pozzetto, 2-4% delle cellule TH +). </li><li> Incubare la piastra a 37 ° C e 5% di CO 2/95% di aria. Nessun mezzo cambiamento è necessario. Neuroni dopaminergici sono maturi dopo circa 5-7 giorni in vitro (espressione coerente del trasportatore della dopamina). Conservare le cellule in coltura fino a 15 giorni senza prodotto sostitutivo. </li></ol> 6. immunofluorescenza protocollo <ol><li> Pulizia dei vetrini <ol><li> Il giorno prima della dissezione, aggiungere 10 ml di 1 M HCl in una capsula di Petri. Posare sulla superficie del liquido 12-15 vetrini e attendere 15 min. </li><li> Affondare il coperchioscivolare nel liquido e attendere 15 min. </li><li> Rimuovere HCl e lavare 3 volte con acqua. </li><li> Lavare i coprioggetti rapidamente con etanolo puro, una volta, quindi aggiungere etanolo puro al piatto e attendere 30 min. </li><li> Sotto il cofano, rimuovere i vetrini puliti da etanolo e aggiungere 1 coprioggetto per pozzetto di una piastra di coltura cellulare 12 pozzetti con pinze sterilizzate. </li><li> Lavare coprioggetto due volte con acqua sterile (1 ml / pozzetto). Poi, lavarli una volta con PBS sterile. </li></ol></li><li> Rivestimento dei vetrini <ol><li> Rimuovere PBS e aggiungere 500 microlitri / pozzetto di 2x dell&#39;OLP (diluito in PBS). Incubare per 4 ore a 37 ° C in incubatore CO 2. </li><li> Rimuovere la soluzione OLP e lavare 3 volte con PBS sterile. </li><li> Rimuovere PBS e aggiungere 500 microlitri / pozzetto di 20% IFB / 1 g / ml laminina. Incubare per una notte a 37 ° C in incubatore CO 2. </li></ol></li><li> Placcatura le cellule per immunofluorescenza <ol><li> Rimuovere medio rivestimento da piastre da 12 pozzetti. </li><li> Aggiungere 900,000 cellule / pozzetto in 2 volumi ml e far crescere le cellule in 37 ° C in incubatore. Le celle possono essere tenuti in coltura fino a 15 giorni senza prodotto sostitutivo. </li></ol></li><li> Immunostaining <ol><li> Rimuovere media da piastre da 12 pozzetti e lavare con 500 microlitri / pozzetto DMEM preriscaldato a 37 ° C. </li><li> Aggiungere 500 ml / pozzetto di DMEM preriscaldato a 37 ° C, quindi aggiungere lentamente 160 ml / pozzetto di 8% paraformaldeide (PFA, concentrazione finale 2%) e incubare per 10 min a 37 ° C. </li><li> Rimuovere PFA e lavare 3 volte con PBS / 0,1 M glicina per 10 min. </li><li> Rimuovere PBS, aggiungere / pozzetto di PBS / 0,05% di siero di capra 300 microlitri Triton X-100/20% e incubare per 30 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Rimuovi medio, aggiungere siero di capra 300 ml / pozzetto di anticorpo primario diluito in PBS / 0,05% Triton X-100 / all&#39;1% e incubare per 2 ore a temperatura ambiente. Gli anticorpi primari che possono essere utilizzati per la rilevazione di neuroni dopaminergici e caratterizzazione della cultura sono indicati nella tabella materiali. Mantenere1 bene senza anticorpo primario per valutare per lo sfondo dei diversi anticorpi secondari. </li><li> Rimuovere medie e lavare 3 volte con PBS / 0,2% di gelatina per 10 min. </li><li> Rimuovi medio, aggiungere siero di capra 300 ml / pozzetto di anticorpo secondario diluito in PBS / 0,05% Triton X-100 / all&#39;1% e incubare per 1 ora a temperatura ambiente, al buio. Gli anticorpi secondari utilizzati sono indicati nella tabella materiali. </li><li> Rimuovere medie e lavare 3 volte con PBS / 0,2% di gelatina per 10 min. </li><li> Rimuovere medie e lavare 3 volte con PBS. </li><li> Montare i coprioggetti sul lato vetro diapositive cella verso il basso in una goccia di Vectashield. Conservare i vetrini a temperatura ambiente per una notte per consentire al mezzo di montaggio a secco, poi conservarli a 4 ° C. </li><li> Acquisire le immagini utilizzando un microscopio confocale o di un microscopio a contrasto di fase attrezzata per epifluorescenza. Immagini rappresentative sono state acquisite con un microscopio confocale Leica SP2 UV. </li></ol></li></ol>

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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Birth+dating+of+midbrain+dopamine+neurons+identifies+A9+enriched+tissue+for+transplantation+into+parkinsonian+mice.">Birth dating of midbrain dopamine neurons identifies A9 enriched tissue for transplantation into parkinsonian mice.</a> Exp Neurol. 236, 58-68 (2012).</li><li>Ramonet, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopaminergic+neuronal+loss,+reduced+neurite+complexity+and+autophagic+abnormalities+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+G2019S+mutant+LRRK2.">Dopaminergic neuronal loss, reduced neurite complexity and autophagic abnormalities in transgenic mice expressing G2019S mutant LRRK2.</a> PLoS One. 6 (e18568), (2011).</li><li>Prestoz, L., Jaber, M., Gaillard, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopaminergic+axon+guidance:+which+makes+what.">Dopaminergic axon guidance: which makes what.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 6, (2012).</li><li>Nunes, I., Tovmasian, L. T., Silva, R. M., Burke, R. E., Goff, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pitx3+is+required+for+development+of+substantia+nigra+dopaminergic+neurons.">Pitx3 is required for development of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100, 4245-4250 (1073).</li><li>Ferri, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foxa1+and+Foxa2+regulate+multiple+phases+of+midbrain+dopaminergic+neuron+development+in+a+dosage-dependent+manner.">Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulate multiple phases of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development in a dosage-dependent manner.</a> Development. 134, 2761-2769 (2007).</li><li>Rayport, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identified+postnatal+mesolimbic+dopamine+neurons+in+culture:+morphology+and+electrophysiology.">Identified postnatal mesolimbic dopamine neurons in culture: morphology and electrophysiology.</a> J Neurosci. 12, 4264-4280 (1992).</li><li>Kim, K. M., Nakajima, S., Nakajima, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopamine+and+GABA+receptors+in+cultured+substantia+nigra+neurons:+correlation+of+electrophysiology+and+immunocytochemistry.">Dopamine and GABA receptors in cultured substantia nigra neurons: correlation of electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry.</a> Neuroscience. 78, 759-769 (1997).</li><li>Nefzger, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lmx1a+allows+context-specific+isolation+of+progenitors+of+GABAergic+or+dopaminergic+neurons+during+neural+differentiation+of+embryonic+stem+cells.">Lmx1a allows context-specific isolation of progenitors of GABAergic or dopaminergic neurons during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells.</a> Stem Cells. 30, 1349-1361 (2012).</li><li>Su, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immediate+expression+of+Cdh2+is+essential+for+efficient+neural+differentiation+of+mouse+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Immediate expression of Cdh2 is essential for efficient neural differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Stem Cell Res. 10, 338-348 (2013).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Questo protocollo presenta le procedure ei reagenti necessari per preparare una coltura primaria di neuroni mesencefaliche dal mouse embrionale e la procedura di immunofluorescenza per rilevare neuroni dopaminergici. Fasi critiche della procedura sono la dissezione degli embrioni e la dissociazione meccanica dei frammenti cerebrali raccolte. Strumenti di dissezione di alta qualità aiuta a padroneggiare la tecnica di dissezione. Neuroni DA costituiscono una piccola percentuale di mesencefalo. Pertanto, raccogliendo la p...

La dopamina, uno dei neurotrasmettitori cerebrali essenziali 1,2, viene rilasciato principalmente dal mesencefalo dopaminergici (DA) neuroni. La maggior parte dei neuroni dopaminergici risiedono nella parte ventrale del mesencefalo 2-6. Schematicamente, mesencefalo neuroni DA possono essere divise in tre anatomicamente e funzionalmente distinti sistemi di proiezione: mesostriatal, mesolimbico, e percorsi mesocorticali 2,5. Il sistema nigrostriatale è coinvolta nel comportamento motorio, i percorsi mesolimbico svolgono un ruolo importante nel rinforzo, la motivazione e l&#39;apprendimento, mentre le vie dopaminergiche che proiettano alla corteccia prefrontale sono implicati nella cognizione 2. Neuroni DA sono coinvolti in diverse patologie neurologiche umane come la schizofrenia, deficit di attenzione, disturbi iper attività, e la malattia di Parkinson (PD) 2,4. PD è caratterizzata da una degenerazione progressiva e selettiva di neuroni DA collegamento substantia nigrapars compacta (SNC) al corpo striato. La perdita di Nigro-striatale DA neuroni provoca una grave deplezione di dopamina nello striato che è responsabile dei sintomi motori della malattia di Parkinson (bradicinesia, tremore a riposo, rigidità e) 7. La causa iniziale del PD idiopatica non è stata stabilita e gli attuali trattamenti sono solo sintomatica, che mira a ripristinare il livello di dopamina nello striato. Il farmaco più prescritto è L-Dopa (levodopa), il precursore naturale della dopamina. Anche se la somministrazione di Levodopa compensa la perdita di dopamina per un certo tempo, le complicanze motorie si verificano dopo i trattamenti a lungo termine (discinesia e stati on / off) 8,9. La ricerca sui neuroni dopaminergici e PD è in costante progressione e intensi sforzi sono stati fatti per sviluppare trattamenti basati sul trapianto di cellule, la terapia genica, o agenti neuroprotettivi 10,11. Tuttavia, una questione importante rimane non chiarita: qual è la causa della estrema vulnerabilità di neuroni DA? Parte della risposta può essere trovata nella attività dei neuroni DA. Una riduzione dell&#39;attività elettrica e della eccitabilità di neuroni dopaminergici sembra aumentare la loro propensione a degenerare 12. Tuttavia, la complessità del PD patogenesi richiede ulteriori studi per identificare i meccanismi coinvolti nella degenerazione dei neuroni DA 13-15. Colture primarie sono particolarmente rilevanti per studiare le proprietà dei neuroni DA 16-19 e di sfidare questi neuroni a varie sollecitazioni per la valutazione degli agenti neuroprotettivi 20-24. Modelli di coltura Rat sono più spesso utilizzati, come la dissezione di ratto dell&#39;embrione mesencefalo è più facile, in confronto con il mouse, e una maggiore quantità di neuroni possono essere ottenuti nel ratto. Tuttavia, la generazione di modelli transgenici murini di malattia 25 ha notevolmente aumentato l&#39;interesse della comunità neuroscienziato per colture primarie dal mouse 26-29. Anche se le culture prepared da animali neonati può essere utilizzato, è meglio prepararli da embrioni allo stadio post-mitotico (E13.5 per i neuroni mesencefalo), quando i neuroni hanno conservato la loro capacità di differenziarsi. Il protocollo che segue presenta isolate mesencefalo neuroni in coltura primaria da embrioni di topo (E13.5), che sono i più difficili da preparare. In particolare, forniamo un protocollo con terreno privo di siero cultura per una migliore riproducibilità. Le due fasi più critiche in preparazione culturale (dissezione e dissociazione meccanica) saranno accuratamente dettagliati nel video associato.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Lonza</td><td>14-801F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM 4.5 g/L glucose with L-glutamine</td><td>Lonza</td><td>BE12-604F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (1x), phenol red</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>25300-054</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/ml)</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>15140122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-Glutamine, 200 mM solution</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>25030123</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&amp;rsquo;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>D8537</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&amp;rsquo;s Modified Eagle&amp;rsquo;s Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 Ham</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>D0547</td><td>Powder</td></tr><tr><td>Laminin - 1 mg/ml in Tris buffered NaCl</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>L2020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly-L-Ornithine hydrobromide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>P3655</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin from porcine pancreas</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>I5523</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>apo-Transferrin human</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>T1147</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Putrescine dihydrochloride</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>P5780</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Progesterone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>P8783</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium selenite</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>S5261</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>H4034&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glycine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>G7126</td><td>Stock solution 1 M in water</td></tr><tr><td>Gelatin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>G9391</td><td>Stock solution 2% (w/v) in water</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>T8532</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde 16% in water</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>RT 15710-S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>106329</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>D(+)-Glucose, Monohydrate</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>4074-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid - c(HCl) = 1 mol/L (1 N) Titripur</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>109057</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile water - Aqua B. Braun</td><td>Braun</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol absolute NORMAPUR analytical reagent</td><td>VWR</td><td>20821.321</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Petri dishes</td><td>VWR</td><td>82050-566</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pasteur pipettes plain glass - Wilhem Ulbrich GdbR.</td><td>VWR</td><td>612-2297</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Counting chamber Malassez</td><td>VWR</td><td>631-0975</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serum Acrodisc Syringe Filter with Supor Membrane, Sterile, GF/0.2 &amp;micro;m, 37 mm</td><td>PALL Life science</td><td>4525</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical Scissors - Straight, sharp-sharp, 14.5 cm long</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14002-14</td><td>To open the abdominal wall</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors - Straight, pointed, delicate, 10 cm long</td><td>MORIA</td><td>4877A</td><td>To open the uterine wall</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps - Curved, usual, serrated jaws 1 mm</td><td>MORIA</td><td>2183</td><td>To manipulate embryos</td></tr><tr><td>Vannas Scissors - Curved, pointed, 7 mm blades</td><td>MORIA</td><td>MC50</td><td>To take out the mesencephalon</td></tr><tr><td>Ultra Fine Forceps - Curved, delicate, 13 cm long</td><td>MORIA</td><td>9987</td><td>To remove meninges</td></tr><tr><td>BD BioCoat Poly-D-Lysine 24-well Multiwell Plates</td><td>BD Bioscience</td><td>356414</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD Falcon 12-well Cell Culture Plate, flat-bottom with lid</td><td>BD Bioscience</td><td>353043</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SuperFrost Microscope Slides, Ground edges 90&amp;ordm;</td><td>MENZEL-GL&amp;Auml;SER</td><td>AG00008032E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Precision cover glasses thickness No. 1.5H circular 18 mm &amp;Oslash;</td><td>MARIENFELD</td><td>117580</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) Antibody</td><td>Chemicon Millipore</td><td>AB5622</td><td>1/200</td></tr><tr><td>Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD67) Antibody, clone 1G10.2</td><td>Chemicon Millipore</td><td>MAB5406</td><td>1/400</td></tr><tr><td>Monoclonal Rat Anti-Dopamine Transporter (DAT) Antibody, clone DAT-Nt&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Chemicon Millipore</td><td>MAB369</td><td>1/500</td></tr><tr><td>Monoclonal Mouse Anti-5-HT Antibody</td><td></td><td></td><td>1/8,000 - Generous gift from Yves Charnay (Swizerland, Yves.Charnay@hcuge.ch)</td></tr><tr><td>Goat Serum, New Zealand Origin</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>16210-064</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 405 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-31556</td><td>1/200</td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 488 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-11001</td><td>1/1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 594 Goat Anti-Rat IgG (H+L) Antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-11007</td><td>1/1,000</td></tr><tr><td>VECTASHIELD HardSet Mounting Medium</td><td>Vector Laboratories</td><td>H-1400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stereomicroscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss microscopy</td><td>Stemi-2000C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bunsen Burner FIREBOY</td><td>VWR</td><td>451-0136</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

primary culture of mouse dopaminergic neurons

Neuroni dopaminergici rappresentano meno dell&#39;1% del numero totale di neuroni nel cervello. Questa bassa quantità di neuroni regola importanti funzioni cerebrali come il controllo motorio, la motivazione, e la memoria di lavoro. Neuroni dopaminergici nigrostriatali degenerano selettivamente nella malattia di Parkinson (PD). Questa perdita neuronale progressiva è inequivocabilmente associato con i motori sintomi della patologia (bradicinesia, tremore a riposo, e rigidità muscolare). L&#39;agente principale responsabile della degenerazione dei neuroni dopaminergici è ancora sconosciuta. Tuttavia, questi neuroni sembrano essere estremamente vulnerabile in condizioni diverse. Colture primarie costituiscono uno dei modelli più importanti per studiare le proprietà e le caratteristiche dei neuroni dopaminergici. Queste culture possono essere presentate a diversi agenti di stress che imitano PD patologia e ai composti neuroprotettivi al fine di fermare o rallentare la degenerazione neuronale. I numerosi modelli murini transgenici di PD che sono stati generated nel corso dell&#39;ultimo decennio ulteriormente aumentato l&#39;interesse dei ricercatori per le culture neuronali dopaminergiche. Qui, il protocollo video si concentra sulla delicata dissezione dei cervelli embrionali di topo. Escissione precisa del mesencefalo ventrale è fondamentale per ottenere colture neuronali sufficientemente ricchi di cellule dopaminergiche per consentire studi successivi. Questo protocollo può essere realizzato con topi transgenici embrionali ed è adatto per immunofluorescenza, PCR quantitativa, secondo la quantificazione messaggero, o neuronale valutazione morte / sopravvivenza.

Un diagramma di flusso illustrato dei passaggi di coltura mesencefalo è mostrato in Figura 1. Brevemente, dopo aver raccolto embrioni E13.5 da una gravidanza topo svizzera, mesencefalo ventrale è sezionato dall&#39;intero embrione. I frammenti del cervello isolati vengono successivamente sottoposti a digestione enzimatica e dissociazione meccanica. Cellule dissociate sono pellettizzati per centrifugazione, risospese in terreno di coltura e placcato in piastre da 12 o da 24 pozzetti pre-rivestito. Le c...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons at JoVE.com

Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons

Dopaminergic neurons play a vital regulatory role in the brain. Their loss is associated with Parkinson's disease. In this video, we show how to generate primary cultures of central dopaminergic neurons from embryonic mouse mesencephalon. Such cultures are useful to study the extreme vulnerability of these neurons to various stresses.

Cultura primario di topo neuroni dopaminergici

Dopaminergic neurons represent less than 1% of the total number of neurons in the brain. This low amount of neurons regulates important brain functions ...

primary-culture-of-mouse-dopaminergic-neurons

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

37.7K Views.  Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier. Dopaminergic neurons play a vital regulatory role in the brain. Their loss is associated with Parkinson's disease. In this video, we show how to generate primary cultures of central dopaminergic neurons from embryonic mouse mesencephalon. Such cultures are useful to study the extreme vulnerability of these neurons to various stresses.

Video: Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons

Nucleofection and Primary Culture of Embryonic Mouse Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons

Hippocampal and cortical neurons have been used extensively to study central nervous system (CNS) neuronal polarization, axon/dendrite outgrowth, and synapse formation and function. An advantage of culturing these neurons is that they readily polarize, forming distinctive axons and dendrites, on a two dimensional substrate at very low densities. This property has made them extremely useful for determining many aspects of neuronal development. Furthermore, by providing glial conditioning for these neurons they will continue to develop, forming functional synaptic connections and surviving for several months in culture. In this protocol we outline a technique to dissect, culture and transfect embryonic mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons. Transfection is accomplished by electroporating DNA into the neurons before plating via nucleofection. This protocol has the advantage of expressing fluorescently-tagged fusion proteins early in development (~4-8hrs after plating) to study the dynamics and function of proteins during polarization, axon outgrowth and branching. We have also discovered that this single transfection before plating maintains fluorescently-tagged fusion protein expression at levels appropriate for imaging throughout the lifetime of the neuron (&gt; 2 months in culture). Thus, this methodology is useful for studying protein localization and function throughout CNS development with little or no disruption of neuronal function.

This protocol outlines the steps required to dissect, transfect via electroporation and culture mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons. Short-term cultures may be used for studies of axon outgrowth and guidance, while long-term cultures can be used for studies of synaptogenesis and dendritic spine analysis.

Nucleofection e cultura primaria di neuroni embrionali di topo ippocampale e corticale

Hippocampal and cortical neurons have been used extensively to study central nervous system (CNS) neuronal polarization, axon/dendrite outgrowth, and ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Primary Dissociated Midbrain Dopamine Cell Cultures from Rodent Neonates

The ability to create primary cell cultures of dopamine neurons allows for the study of the presynaptic characteristics of dopamine neurons in isolation from systemic input from elsewhere in the brain. In our lab, we use these neurons to assess dopamine release kinetics using carbon fiber amperometry, as well as expression levels of dopamine related genes and proteins using quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry. In this video, we show you how we generate these cultures from rodent neonates.
The process involves several steps, including the plating of cortical glial astrocytes, the conditioning of neuronal cell culture media by the glial substrate, the dissection of the midbrain in neonates, the digestion, extraction and plating of dopamine neurons and the addition of neurotrophic factors to ensure cell survival.
The applications suitable for such a preparation include electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, quantitative PCR, video microscopy (i.e., of real-time vesicular fusion with the plasma membrane), cell viability assays and other toxicological screens.

Primary dissociated midbrain dopamine cell cultures allow for the study of presynaptic characteristics of dopamine neurons. They can be used to monitor real-time dopamine release kinetics and protein/mRNA levels of regulators of dopamine exocytosis. Here, we show you how to generate these cultures from rodent neonates.

Primaria dissociato mesencefalo colture cellulari dopamina da roditori neonati

The ability to create primary cell cultures of dopamine neurons allows for the study of the presynaptic characteristics of dopamine neurons in isolation ...

Biologia

Derivation of Enriched Oligodendrocyte Cultures and Oligodendrocyte/Neuron Myelinating Co-cultures from Post-natal Murine Tissues

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cellular development is commonly studied with primary cell culture models. Primary cell culture facilitates the evaluation of a given cell type by providing a controlled environment, free of the extraneous variables that are present in vivo. While OL cultures derived from rats have provided a vast amount of insight into OL biology, similar efforts at establishing OL cultures from mice has been met with major obstacles. Developing methods to culture murine primary OLs is imperative in order to take advantage of the available transgenic mouse lines. 
Multiple methods for extraction of OPCs from rodent tissue have been described, ranging from neurosphere derivation, differential adhesion purification and immunopurification 1-3. While many methods offer success, most require extensive culture times and/or costly equipment/reagents. To circumvent this, purifying OPCs from murine tissue with an adaptation of the method originally described by McCarthy &amp; 
de Vellis 2 is preferred. This method involves physically separating OPCs from a mixed glial culture derived from neonatal rodent cortices. The result is a purified OPC population that can be differentiated into an OL-enriched culture. This approach is appealing due to its relatively short culture time and the unnecessary requirement for growth factors or immunopanning antibodies. 
While exploring the mechanisms of OL development in a purified culture is informative, it does not provide the most physiologically relevant environment for assessing myelin sheath formation. Co-culturing OLs with neurons would lend insight into the molecular underpinnings regulating OL-mediated myelination of axons. For many OL/neuron co-culture studies, dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) have proven to be the neuron type of choice. They are ideal for co-culture with OLs due to their ease of extraction, minimal amount of contaminating cells, and formation of dense neurite beds. While studies using rat/mouse myelinating xenocultures have been published 4-6, a method for the derivation of such OL/DRGN myelinating co-cultures from post-natal murine tissue has not been described. Here we present detailed methods on how to effectively produce such cultures, along with examples of expected results. These methods are useful for addressing questions relevant to OL development/myelinating function, and are useful tools in the field of neuroscience.

This article describes methods to derive enriched populations of murine oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in primary culture, which differentiate to produce mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). In addition, this report describes techniques to produce murine myelinating co-cultures by seeding mouse OPCs onto a neurite bed of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs).

Derivazione di Arricchito Culture oligodendrociti e degli oligodendrociti / Neuron mielinizzanti co-culture di tessuti murini post-natale

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications ...

One Mouse, Two Cultures: Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Two Neurogenic Zones of Individual Mice

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult neural stem cells in vitro. These assays can be used to compare the precursor potential of cells isolated from genetically different or differentially treated animals&#160;to determine the effects of exogenous factors on neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation and to generate neural precursor cell lines that can be assayed over continuous passages. The neurosphere assay is traditionally used for the post-hoc identification of stem cells, primarily due to the lack of definitive markers with which they can be isolated from primary tissue&#160;and has the major advantage of giving a quick estimate of precursor cell numbers in brain tissue derived from individual animals. Adherent monolayer cultures, in contrast, are not traditionally used to compare proliferation between individual animals, as each culture is generally initiated from the combined tissue of between 5-8 animals. However, they have the major advantage that, unlike neurospheres, they consist of a mostly homogeneous population of precursor cells and are useful for following the differentiation process in single cells. Here, we describe, in detail, the generation of neurosphere cultures and, for the first time, adherent cultures from individual animals. This has many important implications including paired analysis of proliferation and/or differentiation potential in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) of treated or genetically different mouse lines, as well as a significant reduction in animal usage.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the simultaneous generation of neural precursor cell cultures, as either adherent monolayers or neurospheres, from the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of individual adult mice.

Un mouse, due culture: isolamento e la coltura di Adult Neural Stem Cells dalle due zone neurogena Mice individuale

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult ...

Isolation, Culture and Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons From Embryonic Rodent Brains

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes involved in physiological functions and vulnerability and death of these neurons is imparative to understanding the underlying causes and unraveling the cure for this common neurodegenerative disorder. Primary cultures of mesDA neurons provide a tool for investigation of the molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological properties, in order to understand the development, long-term survival and degeneration of these neurons during the course of disease. Here we present a detailed method for the isolation, culturing and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from E12.5 mouse (or E14.5 rat) embryos. Optimized cell culture conditions in this protocol result in presence of axonal and dendritic projections, synaptic connections and other neuronal morphological properties, which make the cultures suitable for study of the physiological, cell biological and molecular characteristics of this neuronal population.

The causes of degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons during Parkinson&#8217;s disease are not fully understood. Cellular culture systems provide an essential tool for study of the neurophysiological properties of these neurons. Here we present an optimized protocol, which can be utilized for in vitro modeling of neurodegeneration.

Isolamento, cultura e lungo termine Manutenzione di primaria mesencefalico neuroni dopaminergici Da Brains embrionali dei roditori

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes ...

Reliable Identification of Living Dopaminergic Neurons in Midbrain Cultures Using RNA Sequencing and TH-promoter-driven eGFP Expression

In Parkinson&#39;s Disease (PD) there is widespread neuronal loss throughout the brain with pronounced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. The identification of living dopaminergic neurons in primary Ventral Mesencephalic (VM) cultures using a fluorescent marker provides an alternative way to study the selective vulnerability of these neurons without relying on the immunostaining of fixed cells. Here, we isolate, dissociate, and culture mouse VM neurons for 3 weeks. We then identify dopaminergic neurons in the cultures using eGFP fluorescence (driven by a Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) promoter). Individual neurons are harvested into microcentrifuge tubes using glass micropipettes. Next, we lyse the harvested cells, and conduct cDNA synthesis and transposon-mediated &#34;tagmentation&#34; to produce single cell RNA-Seq libraries1,2,3,4,5. After passing a quality-control check, single-cell libraries are sequenced and subsequent analysis is carried out to measure gene expression. We report transcriptome results for individual dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons isolated from midbrain cultures. We report that 100% of the live TH-eGFP cells that were harvested and sequenced were dopaminergic neurons. These techniques will have widespread applications in neuroscience and molecular biology.

In Parkinson&#39;s Disease (PD), Substantia Nigra (SNc) dopaminergic neurons degenerate, leading to motor dysfunction. Here we report a protocol for culturing ventral midbrain neurons from a mouse expressing eGFP driven by a Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) promoter sequence, harvesting individual fluorescent neurons from the cultures, and measuring their transcriptome using RNA-seq.

Identificazione affidabile di vita neuroni dopaminergici in Culture Midbrain Utilizzando RNA Sequencing e TH-promotore-driven eGFP Expression

In Parkinson&#39;s Disease (PD) there is widespread neuronal loss throughout the brain with pronounced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc, ...

Primary Culture of Neurons Isolated from Embryonic Mouse Cerebellum

The use of primary cell cultures has become one of the major tools to study the nervous system in vitro. The ultimate goal of using this simplified model system is to provide a controlled microenvironment and maintain the high survival rate and the natural features of dissociated neuronal and nonneuronal cells as much as possible under in vitro conditions. In this article, we demonstrate a method of isolating primary neurons from the developing mouse cerebellum, placing them in an in vitro environment, establishing their growth, and monitoring their viability and differentiation for several weeks. This method is applicable to embryonic neurons dissociated from cerebellum between embryonic days 12&ndash;18.

Conducting in vitro experiments to reflect in vivo conditions as adequately as possible is not an easy task. The use of primary cell cultures is an important step toward understanding cell biology in a whole organism. The provided protocol outlines how to successfully grow and culture embryonic mouse cerebellar neurons.

Cultura primaria dei neuroni isolata dal cerbellello del topo embrionale

The use of primary cell cultures has become one of the major tools to study the nervous system in vitro. The ultimate goal of using this simplified model ...

Studying Pre-formed Fibril Induced &#945;-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

The goal of this protocol is to establish a robust and reproducible model of &#945;-synuclein accumulation in primary dopamine neurons. Combined with immunostaining and unbiased automated image analysis, this model allows for the analysis of the effects of drugs and genetic manipulations on &#945;-synuclein aggregation in neuronal cultures. Primary midbrain cultures provide a reliable source of bona fide embryonic dopamine neurons. In this protocol, the hallmark histopathology of Parkinson&#8217;s disease, Lewy bodies (LB), is mimicked by the addition of &#945;-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) directly to neuronal culture media. Accumulation of endogenous phosphorylated &#945;-synuclein in the soma of dopamine neurons is detected by immunostaining already at 7 days after the PFF addition. In vitro cell culture conditions are also suitable for the application and evaluation of treatments preventing &#945;-synuclein accumulation, such as small molecule drugs and neurotrophic factors, as well as lentivirus vectors for genetic manipulation (e.g., with CRISPR/Cas9). Culturing the neurons in 96 well plates increases the robustness and power of the experimental setups. At the end of the experiment, the cells are fixed with paraformaldehyde for immunocytochemistry and fluorescence microscopy imaging. Multispectral fluorescence images are obtained via automated microscopy of 96 well plates. These data are quantified (e.g., counting the number of phospho-&#945;-synuclein-containing dopamine neurons per well) with the use of free software that provides a platform for unbiased high-content phenotype analysis. PFF-induced modeling of phosphorylated &#945;-synuclein accumulation in primary dopamine neurons provides a reliable tool to study the underlying mechanisms mediating formation and elimination of &#945;-synuclein inclusions, with the opportunity for high-throughput drug screening and cellular phenotype analysis.

Here, we present a detailed protocol to study neuronal &#945;-synuclein accumulation in primary mouse dopamine neurons. Phosphorylated &#945;-synuclein aggregates in neurons are induced with pre-formed &#945;-synuclein fibrils. Automated imaging of immunofluorescently labeled cells and unbiased image analysis make this robust protocol suitable for medium-to-high throughput screening of drugs that inhibit &#945;-synuclein accumulation.

Studio pre-formato Fibril indotta accumulazione di z-sinucleina in primario embrionale Midbrain Dopamine Neuroni

The goal of this protocol is to establish a robust and reproducible model of &#945;-synuclein accumulation in primary dopamine neurons. Combined with ...

Culturing and Maintaining Dopaminergic Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Brain Tissue

Source: Weinert, M. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/52475">Isolation, Culture and Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons From Embryonic Rodent Brains.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
This video outlines a method for cultivating dopaminergic neurons from mouse embryonic brain tissue. The process includes treating the midbrain with a proteolytic enzyme, detaching the cells, and culturing them on polymer-coated coverslips in a nutrient-rich medium with antibiotics for their growth and long-term viability.

Coltura e mantenimento di neuroni dopaminergici da tessuto cerebrale embrionale di topo

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
1. ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Neuronal Culture Techniques

Primary Neuronal Culture

Studying Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Dopamine Neurons

Source: Er, S. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/61118">Studying Pre-formed Fibril Induced &#945;-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Midbrain Dopamine Neurons.</a>&#160;J. Vis. Exp. (2020).
This video demonstrates the process of quantifying alpha-synuclein accumulation in embryonic mouse dopamine neurons pre-treated with alpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. It outlines the steps for fixing, staining, and quantifying the dopamine neurons containing alpha-synuclein aggregates using immunofluorescence.

Studio dell'accumulo di alfa-sinucleina nei neuroni della dopamina embrionale primaria di topo

All procedures involving animal samples have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal ethical review committee.
1.&#160;Preparation

	Prepare ...