Name: immunodetection of outer membrane proteins by flow cytometry of isolated mitochondria
Uploaded: 2014-09-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunodetection of Outer Membrane Proteins by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Mitochondria at JoVE.com

We thank Laurie Destroismaisons and Sarah Peyrard for outstanding technical support and Dr.Alexandre Prat for access to the flow cytometer. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Timothy Miller for his contribution regarding the removal of myelin from the preparations. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Neuromuscular Research Partnership, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, ALS Society of Canada, the Frick Foundation for ALS Research, CHUM Foundation and Fonds de la Recherche en Sant&#233; du Qu&#233;bec (C.V.V.). Both C.V.V. and N.A. are Research Scholars of the Fonds de la Recherche en Sant&#233; du Qu&#233;bec and CIHR New Investigators. S.P. is supported by the Tim No&#235;l Studentship from the ALS Society of Canada.

Animals used in this study were treated in strict accordance to a protocol (N08001CVsr) approved by the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l&#8217;Universit&#233; de Montr&#233;al (CRCHUM) Institutional Committee for the Protection of Animals which follows national standards as outlined by the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC).
Prepare all reagents required to perform this protocol (Table 1). All other details regarding equipment, supplies and suppliers can be f...

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It is increasingly evident that mitochondria are key players in both normal physiology and disease. While immunoblotting can determine which proteins are found within mitochondria or at the mitochondrial surface in a certain condition, this method reports on the average of the entire population. This method cannot yield information about relative abundances of mitochondrial subpopulations or subsets. While it has been previously assumed that all mitochondria are created equally, the field is increasingly recognizing that...

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo multiple rounds of fission and fusion, are transported to sites of high energy demand and respond rapidly to physiological stimuli1. Since it is increasingly recognized that mitochondria within different tissues, even different cellular compartments, have distinct functional profiles, new methods are needed to identify these distinct mitochondrial subsets.
Microscopy provides a means whereby individual mitochondria can be visualized and the presence of a protein at or in mitochondria can be determined by immunofluorescence2. However, quantitative analysis by this method is labor intensive and is more suitable for experiments using immortalized or primary cell lines. The study of individual mitochondria derived from tissue is significantly more difficult and most methods do not allow for easy identification of mitochondrial subsets concurrently with the evaluation of mitochondrial function3.
In order to address this hurdle, a novel method to immunolabel mitochondria isolated from rodent tissues and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry has been developed. This allows for the rapid detection and quantification of proteins localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane, which compared to analysis by microscopy, is much less labor intensive and permits the analysis of thousands of mitochondria in a single sample. This assay can be applied to monitor the fate and relative amount of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins that are thought to be constitutively present at the mitochondria, the recruitment of proteins to the mitochondrial surface, or the detection of proteins mislocalized to the mitochondria in pathological conditions. Moreover, the incorporation of conventional fluorescent indicator dyes permits the simultaneous evaluation of certain aspects of mitochondrial function in distinct mitochondrial subpopulations.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1276">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:543px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:267px;">Rats</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Charles River</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Strain code 400</td>
			<td style="width:543px;">Adult (9 weeks to 18 weeks) male or female rats can be used for the isolation protocol. Weight of rats is dependent on gender and age (males between 300 to 500 g and females between 200 to 350 g) are typically used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Dounce homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Kontes Glass Co.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">885450-0022</td>
			<td>Duall 22</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sorvall Legend Micro 17 R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Ulara-Clear Ultracentrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Beckman Coultier</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">344057</td>
			<td>Transparent, thin walled&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Sorvall Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sorvall WX UltraSeries</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">AH-650 rotor and buckets&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:267px;">Opti-prep</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Axis-Shield</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1114542</td>
			<td>Iodixanol, density gradient medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Fatty acid free Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A8806</td>
			<td>Must be fatty acid free for mitochondria</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Sodium succinate dibasic hexahydrate&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S9637</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;width:267px;">Rabbit anti-Mitofusin2 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M6319</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:267px;">Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Jackson Immuno Research&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">011-000-003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Anti-Rabbit IgG PE</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-4739-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Micro titer tube</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">223-9391</td>
			<td>For sample acquisition by flow cytometry&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">MitoTrackerGreen (MTG)</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M7514</td>
			<td>100 nM: Ex490 nm/Em516 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">TMRM</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T668</td>
			<td>100 nM: Ex548 nm/Em574 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">CCCP</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2759</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">MitoSOX Red</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M36008</td>
			<td>5 &#181;M: Ex540 nm/Em600 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Antimycin A</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A8874</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">LSR II flow cytometer</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">BS FACSDiva Software</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">FlowJo</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">TreeStar Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Software used for analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:267px;">BCA protein assay kit&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Pierce/Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23225</td>
			<td style="width:543px;">Bradford assay is not recomended as it is not compatible with high concentrations of SDS</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunodetection of outer membrane proteins by flow cytometry of isolated mitochondria

Methods to detect and monitor mitochondrial outer membrane protein components in animal tissues are vital to study mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology. This protocol describes a technique where mitochondria isolated from rodent tissue are immunolabeled and analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondria are isolated from rodent spinal cords and subjected to a rapid enrichment step so as to remove myelin, a major contaminant of mitochondrial fractions prepared from nervous tissue. Isolated mitochondria are then labeled with an antibody of choice and a fluorescently conjugated secondary antibody. Analysis by flow cytometry verifies the relative purity of mitochondrial preparations by staining with a mitochondrial specific dye, followed by detection and quantification of immunolabeled protein. This technique is rapid, quantifiable and high-throughput, allowing for the analysis of hundreds of thousands of mitochondria per sample. It is applicable to assess novel proteins at the mitochondrial surface under normal physiological conditions as well as the proteins that may become mislocalized to this organelle during pathology. Importantly, this method can be coupled to fluorescent indicator dyes to report on certain activities of mitochondrial subpopulations and is feasible for mitochondria from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) as well as liver.

Mitochondria derived from rat spinal cords can be immunolabeled with an antibody targeted to Mitofusin2 (Mfn2), a protein implicated in the fusion of the outer membrane of mitochondria8. Following isolation and labeling with a Mfn2 specific antibody and a fluorescently conjugated secondary antibody, mitochondria are processed by flow cytometry (Figure 1). Following data acquisition, samples are analyzed using flow cytometry analysis software, by first visualizing all collected events on a dot ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunodetection of Outer Membrane Proteins by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Mitochondria at JoVE.com

Immunodetection of Outer Membrane Proteins by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Mitochondria

Described here is a method to detect and quantify mitochondrial outer membrane proteins by immunolabeling of mitochondria isolated from rodent tissue and analysis by flow cytometry. This method can be extended to assess functional aspects of mitochondrial subpopulations.

Methods to detect and monitor mitochondrial outer membrane protein components in animal tissues are vital to study mitochondrial physiology and ...

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