Il lavoro è stato finanziato da una borsa di studio post-dottorato presidenziale della Nanyang Technological University che è stata assegnata alla realtà virtuale.

Sincronizzazione EEG ed ECG nella vita reale nelle interazioni bambino-caregiver

<ol>
	<li>Hari, R., Henriksson, L., Malinen, S., Parkkonen, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Centrality+of+social+interaction+in+human+brain+function.">Centrality of social interaction in human brain function.</a> Neuron. 88 (1), 181-193 (2015).</li><li>Endevelt-Shapira, Y., Djalovski, A., Dumas, G., Feldman, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+chemosignals+enhance+infant-adult+brain-to-brain+synchrony.">Maternal chemosignals enhance infant-adult brain-to-brain synchrony.</a> Sci Adv. 7 (50), (2021).</li><li>Santamaria, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emotional+valence+modulates+the+topology+of+the+parent-infant+inter-brain+network.">Emotional valence modulates the topology of the parent-infant inter-brain network.</a> NeuroImage. 207, 116341 (2020).</li><li>Nguyen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+interaction+quality+on+neural+synchrony+during+mother-child+problem+solving.">The effects of interaction quality on neural synchrony during mother-child problem solving.</a> Cortex. 124, 235-249 (2020).</li><li>Reindl, V., Gerloff, C., Scharke, W., Konrad, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain-to-brain+synchrony+in+parent-child+dyads+and+the+relationship+with+emotion+regulation+revealed+by+fNIRS-based+hyperscanning.">Brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads and the relationship with emotion regulation revealed by fNIRS-based hyperscanning.</a> NeuroImage. 178, 493-502 (2018).</li><li>Reindl, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conducting+hyperscanning+experiments+with+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Conducting hyperscanning experiments with functional near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Vis Exp. (143), e58807 (2019).</li><li>Gardner, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methodological+issues+in+the+direct+observation+of+parent-child+interaction:+Do+observational+findings+reflect+the+natural+behavior+of+participants.">Methodological issues in the direct observation of parent-child interaction: Do observational findings reflect the natural behavior of participants.</a> Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 3, 185-198 (2000).</li><li>Xu, J., Zhong, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review+on+portable+EEG+technology+in+educational+research.">Review on portable EEG technology in educational research.</a> Comput Hum Behav. 81, 340-349 (2018).</li><li>Troller-Renfree, S. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+of+assessing+brain+activity+using+mobile,+in-home+collection+of+electroencephalography:+methods+and+analysis.">Feasibility of assessing brain activity using mobile, in-home collection of electroencephalography: methods and analysis.</a> Dev Psychobiol. 63 (6), e22128 (2021).</li><li>B&#246;gels, S., Levinson, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brain+behind+the+response:+Insights+into+turn-taking+in+conversation+from+neuroimaging.">The brain behind the response: Insights into turn-taking in conversation from neuroimaging.</a> Res Lang Soc. 50 (1), 71-89 (2017).</li><li>Georgieva, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+the+understanding+of+topographical+and+spectral+signatures+of+infant+movement+artifacts+in+naturalistic+EEG.">Toward the understanding of topographical and spectral signatures of infant movement artifacts in naturalistic EEG.</a> Front Neurosci. 14, 452947 (2020).</li><li>Dikker, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain-to-brain+synchrony+tracks+real-world+dynamic+group+interactions+in+the+classroom.">Brain-to-brain synchrony tracks real-world dynamic group interactions in the classroom.</a> Curr Biol. 27 (9), 1375-1380 (2017).</li><li>Oliveira, A. S., Bryan, R. S., Hairston, W. D., Peter, K., Daniel, P. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proposing+metrics+for+benchmarking+novel+EEG+technologies+towards+real-world+measurements.">Proposing metrics for benchmarking novel EEG technologies towards real-world measurements.</a> Front Hum Neurosci. 10, 188 (2016).</li><li>Turk, E., Endevelt-Shapira, Y., Feldman, R., vanden Heuvel, M. I., Levy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brains+in+sync:+Practical+guideline+for+parent-infant+EEG+during+natural+interaction.">Brains in sync: Practical guideline for parent-infant EEG during natural interaction.</a> Front Psychol. 13, 833112 (2022).</li><li>Kayhan, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dual+EEG+pipeline+for+developmental+hyperscanning+studies.">A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies.</a> Dev Cogn Neurosci. 54, 101104 (2022).</li><li>Ayrolles, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HyPyP:+a+Hyperscanning+Python+pipeline+for+inter-brain+connectivity+analysis.">HyPyP: a Hyperscanning Python pipeline for inter-brain connectivity analysis.</a> Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 16 (1-2), 72-83 (2021).</li><li>Delorme, S., Makeig, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEGLAB:+an+open-source+toolbox+for+analysis+of+single-trial+EEG+dynamics.">EEGLAB: an open-source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics.</a> J Neurosci Meth. 134, 9-21 (2004).</li><li>Nathan, K., Contreras-Vidal, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Negligible+motion+artifacts+in+scalp+electroencephalography+(EEG)+during+treadmill+walking.">Negligible motion artifacts in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) during treadmill walking.</a> Front Hum Neurosci. 9, 708 (2016).</li><li>Stone, D. B., Tamburro, G., Fiedler, P., Haueisen, J., Comani, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automatic+removal+of+physiological+artifacts+in+EEG:+The+optimized+fingerprint+method+for+sports+science+applications.">Automatic removal of physiological artifacts in EEG: The optimized fingerprint method for sports science applications.</a> Front Hum Neurosci. 12, 96 (2018).</li><li>Noreika, V., Georgieva, S., Wass, S., Leong, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=14+challenges+and+their+solutions+for+conducting+social+neuroscience+and+longitudinal+EEG+research+with+infants.">14 challenges and their solutions for conducting social neuroscience and longitudinal EEG research with infants.</a> Infant Behav Dev. 58, 101393 (2020).</li><li>Ng, B., Reh, R. K., Mostafavi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+practical+guide+to+applying+machine+learning+to+infant+EEG+data.">A practical guide to applying machine learning to infant EEG data.</a> Dev Cogn Neurosci. 54, 101096 (2022).</li><li>vander Velde, B., Junge, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limiting+data+loss+in+infant+EEG:+putting+hunches+to+the+test.">Limiting data loss in infant EEG: putting hunches to the test.</a> Dev Cogn Neurosci. 45, 100809 (2020).</li><li>Bell, M. A., Cuevas, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+EEG+to+study+cognitive+development:+Issues+and+practices.">Using EEG to study cognitive development: Issues and practices.</a> J Cogn Dev. 13 (3), 281-294 (2012).</li><li>Lopez, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HAPPILEE:+HAPPE+in+low+electrode+electroencephalography,+a+standardized+pre-processing+software+for+lower+density+recordings.">HAPPILEE: HAPPE in low electrode electroencephalography, a standardized pre-processing software for lower density recordings.</a> NeuroImage. 260, 119390 (2022).</li></ol>

Non devono essere dichiarati conflitti di interesse.

In questo protocollo, conduciamo misurazioni nelle case dei partecipanti dove i neonati e i caregiver possono sentirsi più a loro agio e i loro comportamenti possono essere più rappresentativi delle loro interazioni nella vita reale rispetto a un ambiente di laboratorio, aumentando così la validità ecologica7. Inoltre, le registrazioni nell'ambiente domestico possono alleggerire il carico sui partecipanti, ad esempio per quanto riguarda i tempi di viaggio, e possono quindi rendere più accessi...

Con la registrazione simultanea delle attività cerebrali di due o più soggetti interagenti, nota anche come hyperscanning, è diventato possibile chiarire le basi neurali delle interazioni sociali nelleloro dinamiche complesse, bidirezionali e frenetiche. Questa tecnica ha spostato l'attenzione dallo studio di individui in contesti isolati e strettamente controllati all'esame di interazioni più naturalistiche, come le interazioni genitore-figlio durante il gioco libero 2,3, la risoluzione di enigmi4 e i giochi cooperativi per computer 5,6. Questi studi dimostrano che le attività cerebrali si sincronizzano durante le interazioni sociali, cioè mostrano somiglianze temporali, un fenomeno chiamato sincronia neurale interpersonale (INS). Tuttavia, la grande maggioranza degli studi di iperscansione è stata confinata in ambienti di laboratorio. Se da un lato ciò consente un migliore controllo sperimentale, dall'altro può andare a scapito della perdita di una certa validità ecologica. I comportamenti osservati in laboratorio potrebbero non essere rappresentativi dei tipici comportamenti interattivi quotidiani dei partecipanti a causa dell'ambiente non familiare e artificiale e della natura dei compiti imposti7.
I recenti progressi nei dispositivi mobili di neuroimaging, come l'elettroencefalografia (EEG) o la spettroscopia funzionale nel vicino infrarosso (fNIRS), alleviano questi problemi eliminando l'obbligo per i partecipanti di rimanere fisicamente connessi al computer di registrazione. Pertanto, ci consentono di misurare le attività cerebrali dei partecipanti mentre interagiscono liberamente in classe o nelle loro case 8,9. Il vantaggio dell'EEG rispetto ad altre tecniche di neuroimaging, come l'fNIRS, è che ha un'eccellente risoluzione temporale, che lo rende particolarmente adatto per indagare dinamiche sociali frenetiche10. Tuttavia, viene fornito con l'avvertenza che il segnale EEG è altamente vulnerabile al movimento e ad altri artefatti fisiologici e non fisiologici11.
Nonostante ciò, i primi studi hanno implementato con successo configurazioni di iperscansione EEG in ambienti e condizioni realistiche. Ad esempio, Dikker et al.12 hanno misurato il segnale EEG di un gruppo di studenti mentre erano impegnati in varie attività in classe, tra cui frequentare lezioni, guardare video e partecipare a discussioni di gruppo. Questo studio, insieme ad altri studi 8,9, ha utilizzato prevalentemente elettrodi EEG a secco per facilitare il processo di conduzione delle misurazioni in ambienti non di laboratorio. Rispetto agli elettrodi umidi, che richiedono l'applicazione di gel o pasta conduttiva, gli elettrodi asciutti offrono notevoli vantaggi in termini di usabilità. È stato dimostrato che mostrano prestazioni paragonabili agli elettrodi umidi nelle popolazioni adulte e in condizioni stazionarie; Tuttavia, le loro prestazioni possono diminuire in scenari legati al movimento a causa dell'aumento dei livelli di impedenza13.
Qui, presentiamo un protocollo di lavoro per acquisire registrazioni sincronizzate da un sistema EEG su gel liquido a sette canali a bassa densità con un elettrocardiogramma (ECG) a singola derivazione collegato allo stesso amplificatore wireless (frequenza di campionamento: 500 Hz) di diadi bambino-caregiver in un ambiente domestico. Mentre gli elettrodi attivi sono stati utilizzati per gli adulti, gli elettrodi passivi sono stati utilizzati invece per i neonati poiché questi ultimi si presentano tipicamente sotto forma di elettrodi ad anello, facilitando così il processo di applicazione del gel. Inoltre, le registrazioni EEG-ECG sono state sincronizzate con tre telecamere e microfoni per catturare i comportamenti dei partecipanti da diverse angolazioni. Nello studio, i neonati di 8-12 mesi e i loro caregiver si sono impegnati in un compito di lettura e gioco mentre venivano registrati l'EEG, l'ECG e i comportamenti. Per ridurre al minimo l'impatto di un movimento eccessivo sulla qualità del segnale EEG, le attività sono state condotte in un ambiente da tavolo (ad esempio, utilizzando il tavolo della cucina e un seggiolone per neonati), richiedendo ai partecipanti di rimanere seduti durante l'attività di interazione. Agli assistenti sono stati forniti tre libri adatti all'età e giocattoli da tavolo (dotati di ventose per evitare che cadano). Sono stati istruiti a leggere al loro bambino per circa 5 minuti, seguiti da una sessione di gioco di 10 minuti con i giocattoli.
Questo protocollo descrive in dettaglio i metodi per la raccolta di dati EEG-ECG, video e audio sincronizzati durante le attività di lettura e riproduzione. La procedura complessiva, tuttavia, non è specifica per questo disegno di ricerca, ma è appropriata per diverse popolazioni (ad esempio, diadi genitore-figlio, diadi amiche) e compiti sperimentali. Verrà presentato il metodo di sincronizzazione di diversi flussi di dati. Inoltre, verrà delineata una pipeline di pre-elaborazione EEG di base basata su Dikker et al.12 e verranno riportati i tassi di conservazione dei dati EEG e le metriche di controllo della qualità. Poiché le scelte analitiche specifiche dipendono da una varietà di fattori (come la progettazione del compito, le domande di ricerca, il montaggio EEG), l'analisi dell'hyperscanning-EEG non sarà ulteriormente dettagliata, ma invece, il lettore sarà indirizzato alle linee guida e agli strumenti esistenti (ad esempio, 14 per le linee guida;15,16 per gli strumenti di analisi hyperscanning). Infine, il protocollo discute le sfide e le potenziali soluzioni per l'iperscansione EEG-ECG a casa e in altri contesti del mondo reale.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>10 cc Luer Lock Tip syringe without Needle</td>
			<td>Terumo Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>actiCAP slim 8-channel electrode set (LiveAMP8)</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arduino Software (IDE)</td>
			<td>Arduino</td>
			<td>Arduino IDE 1.8.19</td>
			<td>The software used to write the code for the Arduino microcontroller. Alternate programming software may be used to accompany the chosen microcontroller unit.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arduino Uno board</td>
			<td>Arduino</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for building the circuit of the trigger box. Alternate microcontroller boards may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BNC connectors</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>BNC connectors to connect the various parts of the trigger box setup.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BNC Push button&#160;</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td>BP-345-9000</td>
			<td>BNC trigger push button to send triggers.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BNC to 2.5 mm jack trigger cable (80 cm)&#160;</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td>BP-245-1200</td>
			<td>BNC cables connecting the 2 LiveAmps to the trigger box.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrainVision Analyzer Version 2.2.0.7383</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>EEG analysis software.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrainVision Recorder License with dongle</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td>S-BP-170-3000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrainVision Recorder Version 1.23.0003</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>EEG recording software.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Custom 8Ch LiveAmp Cap passive (infant EEG caps)</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td>LC-X6-SAHS-44, LC-X6-SAHS-46, LC-X6-SAHS-48&#160;</td>
			<td>For infant head sizes 44, 46, 48 . Alternate EEG caps may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dell Latitude 3520 Laptops</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Two laptops, one for adult EEG recording and one for infant EEG recording. Alternate computers may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental Irrigation Syringes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LiveAmp 8-CH wireless amplifier</td>
			<td>BrainProducts GmbH</td>
			<td>BP-200-3020</td>
			<td>Two LiveAmps, one for adult EEG and one for infant EEG. Alternate amplifier may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manfrotto MT190X3 Tripod with 128RC Micro Fluid Video Head</td>
			<td>Manfrotto</td>
			<td>MT190X3</td>
			<td>Alternate tripods may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matlab Software</td>
			<td>The MathWorks, Inc.</td>
			<td>R2023a</td>
			<td>Alternate analysis and presentation software may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power bank (10000 mAh)</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>DLP6715NB/69</td>
			<td>Alternate power banks may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Raw EEG caps</td>
			<td>EASYCAP GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For Adult head sizes 52, 54, 56, 58. Alternate EEG caps may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rode Wireless Go II Single Set</td>
			<td>R&#248;de Microphones</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Alternate microphones may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sony FDR-AX700 Camcorder</td>
			<td>Sony</td>
			<td>FDR-AX700</td>
			<td>Alternate camcorders or webcams may be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperVisc High-Viscosity Gel&#160;</td>
			<td>EASYCAP GmbH</td>
			<td>NS-7907</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

home-based eeg hyperscanning for infant-caregiver social interactions

Precedenti studi di hyperscanning che registrano le attività cerebrali di caregiver e bambini contemporaneamente sono stati condotti principalmente all'interno dei confini del laboratorio, limitando così la generalizzabilità dei risultati a contesti di vita reale. Qui, viene proposto un protocollo completo per l'acquisizione di elettroencefalografia sincronizzata (EEG), elettrocardiografia (ECG) e registrazioni comportamentali da diadi bambino-caregiver durante varie attività interattive a casa. Questo protocollo dimostra come sincronizzare i diversi flussi di dati e riportare i tassi di conservazione dei dati EEG e i controlli di qualità. Inoltre, vengono discusse le criticità e le possibili soluzioni rispetto alla configurazione sperimentale, alle attività e alla raccolta dei dati in ambito domestico. Il protocollo non si limita alle diadi bambino-caregiver, ma può essere applicato a varie costellazioni diadiche. Nel complesso, dimostriamo la flessibilità delle configurazioni di hyperscanning EEG, che consentono di condurre esperimenti al di fuori del laboratorio per catturare le attività cerebrali dei partecipanti in contesti ambientali più ecologicamente validi. Tuttavia, il movimento e altri tipi di artefatti limitano ancora i compiti sperimentali che possono essere eseguiti nell'ambiente domestico.

With the simultaneous recording of brain activities from two or more interacting subjects, also known as hyperscanning, it has become possible to elucidate the neural basis of social interactions in their complex, bidirectional, and fast-paced dynamics1. This technique has shifted the focus from studying individuals in isolated, tightly controlled settings to examining more naturalistic interactions, such as parent-child interactions during free play2,3, puzzle-solving4, and cooperative computer games5,6. These studies demonstrate that brain activities synchronize during social interactions, i.e., show temporal similarities, a phenomenon termed interpersonal neural synchrony (INS). However, the great majority of hyperscanning studies have been confined to laboratory settings. While this allows for better experimental control, it may come at the expense of losing some ecological validity. Behaviors observed in the laboratory may not be representative of the participants&#39; typical everyday interactive behaviors due to the unfamiliar and artificial setting and the nature of the tasks imposed7.
Recent advances in mobile neuroimaging devices, such as electroencephalography (EEG) or functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), alleviate these issues by removing the requirement for participants to remain physically connected to the recording computer. Thus, they allow us to measure participants&#39; brain activities while they interact freely in the classroom or in their homes8,9. The advantage of EEG compared to other neuroimaging techniques, such as fNIRS, is that it has an excellent temporal resolution, which makes it particularly suitable for investigating fast-paced social dynamics10. Yet, it comes with the caveat that the EEG signal is highly vulnerable to motion and other physiological and non-physiological artifacts11.
Despite this, the first studies have successfully implemented EEG hyperscanning set-ups in realistic environments and conditions. For instance, Dikker et al.12 measured the EEG signal of a group of students while they engaged in various classroom activities, including attending lectures, watching videos, and participating in group discussions. This study, along with other studies8,9, has predominantly utilized dry EEG electrodes to ease the process of conducting measurements in non-laboratory settings. Compared to wet electrodes, which require the application of conductive gel or paste, dry electrodes offer notable advantages in terms of usability. They have been shown to exhibit comparable performance to wet electrodes in adult populations and stationary conditions; however, their performance may decrease in motion-related scenarios due to increased impedance levels13.
Here, we present a working protocol to capture synchronized recordings from a low-density seven-channel liquid gel EEG system with a single lead electrocardiography (ECG) connected to the same wireless amplifier (sampling rate: 500 Hz)&#160;of infant-caregiver dyads in a home setting. While active electrodes were used for adults, passive electrodes were used instead for infants since the latter typically comes in the form of ring electrodes, thereby easing the process of gel application. Additionally, EEG-ECG recordings were synchronized to three cameras and microphones to capture the participants&#39; behaviors from different angles. In the study, 8-12-month-old infants and their caregivers engaged in a reading and play task while their EEG, ECG, and behaviors were recorded. To minimize the impact of excessive movement on EEG signal quality, the tasks were conducted in a table-top setting (e.g., utilizing the kitchen table and an infant highchair), requiring participants to remain seated throughout the interaction task. Caregivers were provided with three age-appropriate books and table-top toys (equipped with suction cups to prevent them from falling). They were instructed to read to their child for approximately 5 min, followed by a 10 min play session with the toys.
This protocol details the methods for collecting synchronized EEG-ECG, video, and audio data during the reading and play tasks. The overall procedure, however, is not specific to this research design but is appropriate for different populations (e.g., parent-child dyads, friend dyads) and experimental tasks. The method of synchronization of different data streams will be presented. Further, a basic EEG preprocessing pipeline based on Dikker et al.12 will be outlined, and EEG data retention rates and quality control metrics will be reported. Since the specific analytical choices depend on a variety of factors (such as task design, research questions, EEG montage), hyperscanning-EEG analysis will not be detailed further, but instead, the reader will be referred to existing guidelines and toolboxes (e.g.,14 for guidelines;15,16 for hyperscanning analysis toolboxes). Finally, the protocol discusses challenges and potential solutions for EEG-ECG hyperscanning in the home and other real-world settings.

Autore in primo piano: Acquisizione delle interazioni tra bambino e caregiver attraverso la raccolta sincronizzata di dati multimodali

Iperscansione EEG domiciliare per le interazioni sociali tra bambino e caregiver

Our research aims to study how social interactions between infants and caregivers can impact the infant's learning and development. We have developed a comprehensive hyperscanning protocol to capture synchronized EEG, ECG, and behavioral recordings from infant-caregiver dyads during interactive play tasks in the family home. Unlike prior hyperscanning protocols, which have primarily been conducted in laboratory environments, our experiment is conducted in the home setting.One key experimental challenge is balancing the need for standardization across home environments, which can limit ecological validity, with the flexibility required to promote naturalistic interactions between participants. This protocol offers unique insights into addressing potential issues and critical considerations regarding the experimental setup, tasks, and data collection in home settings. Additionally, our protocol provides a detailed demonstration of the design and setup of the multimodal synchronization of EEG, ECG, video and audio data into a single timeline.

I partecipanti inclusi in questo studio avevano un'età compresa tra 8 e 12 mesi, con sviluppo tipico e la loro madre e/o nonna che parlava inglese o inglese e una seconda lingua a casa. Gli EEG a 7 elettrodi e un ECG a singola derivazione di adulti e neonati, nonché le registrazioni video e audio da tre telecamere e microfoni, sono stati acquisiti contemporaneamente durante le attività. Le attività neurali sono state misurate su F3, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3 e P4 secondo il sistema internazionale 10-20. I diversi flussi di ...

Questo protocollo descrive come l'elettroencefalografia, l'elettrocardiografia e le registrazioni comportamentali sincronizzate sono state acquisite dalle diadi bambino-caregiver in un ambiente domestico.

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of ...

La nostra ricerca mira a studiare come le interazioni sociali tra neonati e caregiver possano influire sull'apprendimento e sullo sviluppo del bambino. Abbiamo sviluppato un protocollo completo di hyperscanning per acquisire registrazioni sincronizzate di EEG, ECG e comportamentali dalle diadi bambino-caregiver durante le attività di gioco interattivo nella casa di famiglia. A differenza dei precedenti protocolli di hyperscanning, che sono stati condotti principalmente in ambienti di laboratorio, il nostro esperimento viene condotto in ambito domestico.Una sfida sperimentale chiave è bilanciare la necessità di standardizzazione tra gli ambienti domestici, che può limitare la validità ecologica, con la flessibilità necessaria per promuovere le interazioni naturalistiche tra i partecipanti. Questo protocollo offre approfondimenti unici per affrontare potenziali problemi e considerazioni critiche riguardanti la configurazione sperimentale, le attività e la raccolta dei dati in ambienti domestici. Inoltre, il nostro protocollo fornisce una dimostrazione dettagliata della progettazione e dell'impostazione della sincronizzazione multimodale di EEG, ECG, dati video e audio in un'unica timeline.

home-based-eeg-hyperscanning-for-infant-caregiver-social-interactions

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Home-Based EEG Hyperscanning for Infant-Caregiver Social Interactions

514 Views.  Nanyang Technological University. La nostra ricerca mira a studiare come le interazioni sociali tra neonati e caregiver possano influire sull'apprendimento e sullo sviluppo del bambino. Abbiamo sviluppato un protocollo completo di hyperscanning per acquisire registrazioni sincronizzate di EEG, ECG e comportamentali dalle diadi bambino-caregiver durante le attività di gioco interattivo nella casa di famiglia. A differenza dei precedenti protocolli di hyperscanning, che sono stati condotti principalmente in ambienti di laborat...

Video: Autore in primo piano: Acquisizione delle interazioni tra bambino e caregiver attraverso la raccolta sincronizzata di dati multimodali

Prior hyperscanning studies that record the brain activities of caregivers and children concurrently have primarily been conducted within the confines of the laboratory, thus limiting the generalizability of results to real-life settings. Here, a comprehensive protocol for capturing synchronized electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and behavioral recordings from infant-caregiver dyads during various interactive tasks at home is proposed. This protocol demonstrates how to synchronize the different data streams and report EEG data retention rates and quality checks. Additionally, critical issues and possible solutions with respect to the experimental setup, tasks, and data collection in home settings are discussed. The protocol is not limited to infant-caregiver dyads but can be applied to various dyadic constellations. Overall, we demonstrate the flexibility of EEG hyperscanning setups, which allow experiments to be conducted outside of the laboratory to capture participants' brain activities in more ecologically valid environmental settings. Yet, movement and other types of artifacts still constrain the experimental tasks that can be performed in the home setting.

This protocol describes how synchronized electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and behavioral recordings were captured from infant-caregiver dyads in a home setting.

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Experiment Preparation at the Participant&#39;s Home for Home-Based Electroencephalography (EEG) Hyperscanning

To begin, put on gloves before handling the gel. Fill two syringes with gel using blunt tips for the passive electrodes and two syringes using finer tips for the active electrodes. Next, prepare two square pieces of masking tape for the electrocardiogram, or ECG electrodes, one for an infant and another for an adult.After removing the gloves, turn on all laptops. Attach the EEG dongles to the respective laptops and confirm that the recording software is running. Then, connect the adult and infant amplifiers to the EEG recording software on the respective laptops via a wireless connection.Ensure that both amplifiers have the same trigger port settings. Mount each of the three camcorders on a tripod and adjust them to ensure they can consistently capture the participants faces. Then, place the infant's high chair and the caregiver's chair at the edge of their table so that they face each other at an angle visible to the camcorders.

Preparazione dell&#39;esperimento a casa del partecipante per l&#39;iperscansione elettroencefalografica (EEG) domiciliare

Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) Sensor Application for the Caregiver for Home-Based EEG Hyperscanning

To begin, store the amplifier for the caregiver in the back pocket of the EEG cap to minimize cable movement and reduce EEG noise. Before applying the cap, check that the amplifier is securely stored and connected. With gloves on and after obtaining the caregiver's permission, clean the caregiver's forehead using alcohol swabs containing 70%isopropyl alcohol.Part the hair on both sides at the top of the ear following the natural hairline to expose the caregiver's ear. To measure the caregiver's head circumference, place the measuring tape around the nasion over the crest of the inion and between left and right dragus. Now using a crown like hand gesture, stretch the EEG cap from the inside.Start placing the cap from the caregiver's forehead towards the back of their head. Then hold the straps without releasing the cap. Pull them down towards the chin and fasten the hook and loop ends.Remove any bangs or strands of hair from the caregiver's face to avoid discomfort or vision obstruction. Then smooth down the cap gently to ensure close contact of the electrodes with the scalp and to eliminate any wrinkles on the cap. Next, place the measuring tape over the electrodes at the midline and measure the distance from the nasion to the inion.Adjust the cap using the scrunch and release method if necessary. Then measure the distance between the left and right dragus to ensure that the CZ electrode is at the midpoint of this measurement. Begin by applying gel to the reference and ground electrodes then proceed to gel the remaining electrodes starting with those at the back.When applying gel to the caregiver, use a syringe with a longer, finer tip. Insert the syringe's tip into the electrode opening, and use the bottom curve to part the hair. Dispense small amounts of gel while withdrawing the syringe.While applying gel to the passive infant cap electrodes, fill all electrode openings with gel and then use the cotton tips to part the hair in a gentle left to right motion. To improve electrode contact, use light as an impedance reference guide or refer to EEG recording software readings. After achieving low impedance on all EEG electrodes, clean the soft area under the participant's left collarbone with alcohol wipes.Attach circular tape to the bottom of the ECG electrode and apply enough gel to cover the electrodes well. Place the electrode on the soft area under the left clavicle and secure it with white masking tape over the sensor.

Applicazione del sensore per elettroencefalogramma (EEG) ed elettrocardiogramma (ECG) per il caregiver per l'iperscansione EEG domiciliare

Sensor Streams Synchronization of Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocardiography (ECG) in Natural Settings for Caregiver-Child Interaction Studies

After arranging the necessary setup for home-based EEG hyper scanning, prepare the caregiver for the procedure. Then, attach the microphone receiver to its respective camcorder to automatically synchronize the video and audio. Attach the microphone transmitter to the collar of the caregiver's top and to the infant's vest.After ensuring that the cameras are positioned to capture the LED light signal from the trigger box in the room, start recording on all three camcorders. Initiate the EEG recording on the laptop and the amplifier for both the infant and the caregiver. Using the 2.5 millimeter jack, connect both amplifiers to the trigger box, ensuring a tight connection.Execute long presses on the push button as a noticeable difference in marker appearance is only evident with long presses. Verify that the LED signal from the trigger box is visible in the recordings of all cameras. Check for simultaneous markers in the ongoing EEG recordings on the laptop.After that, detach the amplifiers from the trigger box setup. While conducting the experimental tasks, ensure that all experimenters are hidden from the infant's view throughout the experiment to avoid distractions. One experimenter should stay nearby with the recording laptops to intervene if any sensor streaming issues arise.Stop recording on the camcorders, EEG software, and amplifier. Then, turn off the amplifier and detach it from the cap. Afterward, carefully remove the ECG tapes and electrodes, starting with the caregiver.If necessary, assist the caregiver in removing the infant's ECG. Then, unfasten the hook and loop ends of the cap. Peel the cap off backward and turn it inside out.Clean the gel residue from the infant's head with baby wipes before proceeding to remove the caregiver's cap.

Sincronizzazione dei flussi di sensori dell'elettroencefalografia (EEG), dell'elettrocardiografia (ECG) in contesti naturali per studi di interazione caregiver-bambino