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Method Article
The murine model of irreversible unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is presented together with the model of reversible UUO in which the ureteric obstruction is relieved by anastomosis of the severed ureter into the bladder. These models enable the study of renal inflammation and scarring as well as tissue remodeling.
Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. Presented here is a model of obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), which can either be irreversible (UUO) or reversible (R-UUO). In the irreversible UUO model, the ureter may be obstructed for variable periods of time in order to induce increasingly severe renal inflammation and interstitial fibrotic scarring. In the reversible R-UUO model the ureter is obstructed to induce hydronephrosis, tubular dilation and inflammation. After a suitable period of time the ureteric obstruction is then surgically reversed by anastomosis of the severed previously obstructed ureter to the bladder in order to allow complete decompression of the kidney and restoration of urinary flow to the bladder. The irreversible UUO model has been used to investigate various aspects of renal inflammation and scarring including the pathogenesis of disease and the testing of potential anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrotic therapies. The more challenging model of R-UUO has been used by some investigators and does offer significant research potential as it allows the study of inflammatory and immune processes and tissue remodeling in an injured and scarred kidney following the removal of the injurious stimulus. As a result, the R-UUO model offers investigators the opportunity to explore the resolution of kidney inflammation together with key aspects of tissue repair. These experimental models are of relevance to human disease as patients often present with obstruction of the renal tract that requires decompression and are commonly left with significant residual kidney impairment that has no current treatment options and may lead to eventual end stage kidney failure.
The overall aim of the experimental model described here is to induce obstructive nephropathy by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), which can either be irreversible (UUO) or reversible (R-UUO). A simple irreversible model of UUO is presented in which the left ureter is permanently obstructed by ligation with a suture or by the application of a ligating clip. This results in marked dilatation of the ureter together with reduced renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. Renal histology demonstrates tubular dilatation and increasingly severe interstitial renal inflammation and fibrosis. Irreversible UUO is a useful model and has been adopted by many researchers in the study of both renal inflammation and fibrosis.1-4 Although the irreversible model of UUO requires some surgical expertise it is relatively straightforward and is often used to seek insights into the pathogenesis of interstitial renal injury and the ensuing fibrosis. Also presented is a less frequently used R-UUO model using a modification of the method originally described by Tapmeier et al.5 The R-UUO model has much future potential for the study of inflammatory and immune processes, cellular and tissue regeneration as well as the subsequent tissue remodeling following the removal of an injurious stimulus.
The more challenging R-UUO model has been used by a limited number of investigators with some groups employing a significantly different surgical technique to that described here6,7 though with interesting results. In the R-UUO model presented, the ureter is ligated to induce complete ureteric obstruction for a period of time sufficient to induce the level of injury and fibrosis desired: 7 days of UUO was chosen in the method described here. The ureteric obstruction is reversed and the kidney is allowed to decompress for a period of time determined by the investigator before the mice are culled and the kidney removed for analysis: 7 days of decompression was chosen in the method described here though a longer period would be chosen if the resolution of inflammation and fibrosis was being studied. Although the method described here requires significant surgical expertise, it offers several advantages over other R-UUO models. The application of soft walled plastic tubing to the obstructed ureter prevents excessive ureteric dilation and this facilitates the subsequent manipulation and anastomosis of the ureter. Furthermore, in the described R-UUO model the ureter is divided thereby allowing the removal of any residual urinary sediment and debris. This confirms that the remaining ureter lumen is de-obstructed and patent prior to anastomosis to the bladder.
Experiments incorporating both the irreversible and reversible UUO models can provide researchers with a powerful insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of both injury and subsequent resolution and regeneration. Thus, the model of R-UUO described here would be highly relevant to researchers interested in post-inflammatory tissue remodeling and how this can be modulated.
一般的なガイダンス:動物実験は、動物によって課せられたガイドラインおよび規則に従って(科学的処置)法1986このプロトコルと多くの上で実行することができます付属のビデオプロトコル標準UUOとR-UUO両方のためのもの、で行ったマウス系統。添付のビデオでは、両方の手順は、8週齢のオスのC57BL / 6マウスで実行されます。代表的な結果のセクションで提示されたデータは、オスのFVB / Nマウスから得た。
注:このプロトコルは、左尿管を利用して、標準的なUUO及びR-UUOを実行する方法ビデオの詳細を伴うが、しかし、同じ技術を容易に右尿管にも適用することができる。
1.動物の準備および開腹
2.片側尿管閉塞
Reversibl 3.準備E片側尿管閉塞
4.術後の回復とケア
5.リバーシブル片側尿管閉塞
腎臓の変化の外観が著しく尿管閉塞に続く、それはより薄いと時間との触診に緊張した( 図1)となる。障害物に尿管の近位および腎盂の増加拡張があります。腎臓は腎皮質と髄質の著しい間伐結果として長期の閉塞閉塞性腎症の増加期間としてますます萎縮になる。尿管閉塞の逆転後、腎臓の色が血流が増加し、組織浮腫が解消するように暗くなる。彼らは長期の膨満の期間(...
Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. The R-UUO model is of relevance to human disease as patients often present with obstruction of the renal tract secondary to prostatic hypertrophy, posterior urethral valves etc. that requires decompression with patients commonly left with significant residual kidney impairment that has no current treatment options and may eventually lead to end stage kidney disease.8,9 The models detailed here enable ...
著者らは、開示する、競合または競合する利害を有していない。
The present study was supported by grants from Kidney Research UK (ST4/2011), the Cunningham Trust (CT11/14), the Mrs AE Hogg Charitable Trust for Kidney Research and the Renal Endowment Fund of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Blunt Dissecting Scissors | Fine Science Tools | 14072-10 | |
Spring Scissors – straight | Fine Science Tools | 15000-10 | |
Toothed forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11021-12 | |
Angled forceps x 2 | Fine Science Tools | 00649-11 | |
Straight forceps | Fine Science Tools | 00632-11 | |
Colibri 3 cm wire retractor | Fine Science Tools | 17000-03 | |
Castroviejo needle holder with lock | Fine Science Tools | 12565-14 | |
Wound clip applicator | Fine Science Tools | 12031-07 | |
7 mm wound clips | Fine Science Tools | 12032-07 | |
Castroviejo micro needle holder with lock | Fine Science Tools | 12060-01 | |
OPMI pico microscope | Carl Zeiss | S100 | |
Heat electronic pad | Cozee Comfort | n/a | |
6/O silk braided suture | Harvard Apparatus | 72-3287 | |
9/O Dafilon (polyamide) suture | B-Braun | G1111434 | |
5/O braided silk suture | Harvard Apparatus | 51-7680 | |
Regular bevel needle, 1 inch, 21G | Becton, Dickinson and Company | 305175 | |
1 ml syringe slip tip | Becton, Dickinson and Company | 300184 | |
Wypall paper swabs | Kimberley-Clark | L40 | Sterilised (Autoclave) |
Cotton wool buds | Johnson and Johnson | n/a | Sterilised (Autoclave) |
Plain drapes | Guardian | CB03 | Sterilised (Autoclave) |
Soft wall silicone rubber tubing | Silicone tubing - internal diameter 1.0 mm; external diameter 2.0 mm; wall thickness 0.6 mm | ||
(Lacri-Lube) White soft paraffin 57.3%, mineral oil 42.5% and lanolin alcohols 0.2% | Allergan Ltd | 21956GB10X | |
(Videne) Povidone-iodine 10% | Ecolab Ltd | PL 04509/0041 | |
(Vetalar V) Ketamine hydrochloride | Pfizer Animal Health | Vm 42058/4165 | 100mg/ml solution |
(Domitor) Medetomidine hydrochloride | Orion Pharma | Vm 06043/4003 | 1mg/ml |
(Vetergesic) Bupernorphine hydrochloride | Alsto Animal Health | Vm 00063/4002 | 0.3mg/ml |
(Antisedan) Atipamezole hydrochoride | Orion Pharma | Vm 06043/4004 | 5mg/ml |
(Adept) 4% Icodextrin | Baxter | Adhesion reduction solution | |
NaCl 0.9% | Baxter | FKE1323 |
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