我々は、この作品に記載されているプロトコルに関する専門技術的な支援のためにレニー·L. PaskerとHarpreet K. BRARに感謝したいと思います。さらに、我々は、私たちに時間を与え、その研究室のメンバーのサポートに加え、ウィスコンシン大学マディソン校のデューク大学とアラン·D·AttieでクリストファーB.ニューガードの指導を認識し最適化するために必要な支援を希望プロトコールを記載した。特に、我々は生産的な議論やアドバイスをAttie研究室でのニューガード研究所とメアリーRabagliaにおけるハンスHohmeier、Danhong呂、ヘレナウィンフィールドに感謝します。この作品は、NIHの助成金DK080845と若年性糖尿病594によってサポートされていました （MEK）の研究財団助成17-2011-608

<ol>
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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

糖尿病の有病率は世界人口の7.7％に影響を与えると予測して、新たな研究技術の必要性を理解し、糖尿病の18の治療の両方に不可欠である。現在の膵島単離は、in vitro実験のために使用される十分に確立されたプロトコルであり、若干の修正11,14,16と、以前に提示されてきた。インスリン分泌が孤立した島のための共通のダウンストリームアプリケーションであるが、こ...

正常血糖の厳格な維持管理は、すべて制御されていない1型および2型糖尿病1の病態の特徴である、このような神経障害、腎症、および網膜症など合併症を予防することが不可欠です。 1型および2型糖尿病の両方において低減β-細胞機能及び質量は、血中グルコース濃度を摂動2。一方、インスリン産生β細胞、2型糖尿病におけるシグナル伝達が損なわβ細胞のインスリン分泌と末梢インスリンの壊滅的な損失から免疫介在1型糖尿病の結果は一緒に高血糖を促進し、脂質異常症、そして最終的には、その結果、肝臓のグルコース産生を増加個々のβ細胞3からβ細胞量およびインスリン分泌能力の喪失の両方。 1型および2型糖尿病の進行の根底にあるβ細胞のメカニズムを理解することは、うまくいけば、これらの病気を予防し、治療する新しい治療法を生じさせる。 インビトロ TI 中例えば、INS-1およびMIN6としてssue培養モデルは、β-不死化細胞株、特定のβ-細胞機能を理解するための有用なツールであることができる。しかしながら、膵島内の異なる細胞型間の相互作用は、それ自体、β-細胞機能を調節し得る。例えば、グルカゴンのパラクリン影響は（α-細胞から放出）およびインスリン分泌を増加させ、減少におけるソマトスタチン（δ-細胞から放出された）、それぞれ、内分泌応答し4のセル、セルの近接の重要性を示している。また、β-細胞間のギャップ結合は、インスリン5のリリースを増強する。ストライドが良い（ 例えば 、INS-1由来の13分の832及び3分の832細胞株）をグルコースに単離された膵島の生理学的応答をレプリケートインスリノーマ線を生成する際になされているが、さらに、それらのグルコース応答性は依然として正常ラットとは異なる小島6,7。さらに、これらのクローンインスリノーマ細胞系の応答グルカゴン様ペプチド-1（GLP-1）アゴニストは、互いに、ならびに正常膵島6から大幅に異なることができる。従って、不死化細胞株は、エージェントにcAMP産生に与える影響を分析するための最良のモデルを表していない場合があります。 インスリノーマ由来細胞株とは対照的に、全動物モ​​デルにおいてのみβ-細胞機能を研究する合併症の独自のセットを提供する。内分泌組織での作業中の最大の課題の1つは、リリースされホルモンの正確な濃度を測定している。具体的には、肝臓は、インスリンの代謝の主要な役割を果たし、膵臓血流は、肝臓へ直接進む。従って、血漿インスリン測定を正確膵臓自体またはインスリン分泌速度8上の異なる治療の影響から分泌されるインスリンの量を描くなくてもよい。さらに、グルカゴンの腎代謝は膵島α細胞からのグルカゴンの出力の信頼性を制限する可能性がある9。したがって、in vitroの実験のために、一次マウス膵島を単離する膵島は、生体内で行われた測定を補完するために特定の刺激に応答しているかをより正確に把握することができます。 マウス膵島を分離するために、本 ​​プロトコルは、（成功を高めるために役立つことが若干の修正を加えた）グループの数10,11で使用される十分に確立されたプロトコルです。また、cAMP産生の決定は、β細胞のインクレチン応答性の直接の読み出しが可能になります。 cAMPの測定、タンパク質含有量およびインスリン分泌に関連しても、β細胞機能に欠陥のcAMP 10に対して近位または遠位にあるかどうかを決定するのに役立つ、同一のcAMPサンプル調製から定量することができる。このプロトコルの最後のcAMP量およびインスリン分泌アプリケーションは、他の中で、医薬品や栄養成分の影響を理解するための非常に強力なツールになりますS、cAMPおよびインスリン分泌に対する。グルコースのみからの刺激に加えて、他の化合物は、cAMPおよびインスリン分泌10,11の変化を測定するために使用することができる。 インスリンは、我々は孤立した島、グルカゴンおよびソマトスタチンのような他のホルモン、だけでなく、サイトカイン、エイコサノイド、および環状アデノシン一リン酸から検定する主要なホルモンであるが、最終的には、過渡刺激アッセイにより、またはの定量化のいずれかによって測定することができる培養液12中のそれらのレベル。他の多くの下流のアプリケーションが、膵島移植、PCRまたはマイクロアレイ分析、定量的リアルタイムためのRNAの単離、タンパク質として、追求され得るように、最終的に、記載コラゲナーゼ単離方法では、本稿の範囲外の膵島単離膵島の保存を可能にするもののウェスタンブロッティング、膵島埋め込み、免疫蛍光イメージング、膵島細胞REPLIの尺度としての[3 H] - チミジン取り込みの分離以前のJoveの記事13〜16に記載されており、そのうちのいくつかの陽イオン、。全体的に、プロトコルに記載膵島単離方法を次の治療法を開発し、β細胞の機能を高めることを目的とした薬剤の発見を促進するための重要かつ有用な情報を研究者に提供することができる。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="502">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:235px;">Collagenase: Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum suitable for isolating active islets</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C7657</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Ficoll 400</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F9378</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td>14065-056</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Hepes</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">RPMI 1640 (powder)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">31800-022</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Albumin from Bovine Serum (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">3/0 Silk Suture Thread</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18020-30</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Dumont #5 Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">0.8 mm Forceps&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">11050-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Curved Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14061-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:235px;">Vannas-T&#252;bingen Spring Scissors - Straight/Sharp/8.5 cm/5 mm Cutting Edge</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15003-08</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14002-14</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">5ml BD Luer-Lok Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">309646</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">1ml BD syringe</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">309628</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">30 G BD Needle 1/2&#34; Length</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">305106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">27 G BD Needle 1/2&#34; Length</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">305109</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Sharpening Stone</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">29008-01</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">2-2-2 tribromoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">T48402-25G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">2-methyl-2-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>240486-100mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:235px;">Monopotassium Phosphate (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P0662</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">Sodium Bicarbonate (NaCHO3)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">S6014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">CaCl2 *2H2O</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C3881</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">MgSO4 *7H2O</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">M9397</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15140-122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:235px;">Heat Inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (H.I. FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SH30088.03HI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">5879-100MG</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for mouse pancreatic islet isolation and intracellular camp determination

制御されていない血糖は糖尿病の特徴であると神経障害、腎症、網膜症などの合併症とを促進する。糖尿病、免疫介在性の両方のタイプ1と肥満-結合型2の有病率の増加とともに、糖尿病の病態生理と治療メカニズムの輪郭を描くことを目的とした研究は極めて重要である。膵臓のランゲルハンス島のβ細胞は、適当に上昇した血中グルコース濃度に応答してインスリンを分泌する責任がある。グルコースなどの栄養素に加えて、β-細胞は、（特定のホルモンによって刺激され、食事に応答して腸から分泌されるインクレチンと称される、細胞内環状アデノシン一リン酸の産生を増加させるβ-細胞受容体に作用しているcAMP）の。 2型糖尿病の病態生理に寄与することがよく理解され、また、ますますw iをリンクされているβ-細胞機能、質量、およびインクレチン応答性の低下第1型糖尿病。現在のマウスの膵島分離とcAMP測定プロトコルは、疾患の進行および治療的介入、細胞内cAMP産生の調節を介して作用する受容体をインクレチン受容体によって媒介されるかまたは関連していることを特にを促進メカニズムを描写するのに役立つツールとなります。唯一のcAMP測定は説明するが、説明した膵島単離プロトコールはまた、グルコースを含む他の多くの下 ​​流の適用を可能にするクリーンな製剤を作成し、インスリン分泌を刺激し、[3 H] -チミジン取り込み、タンパク質存在量及びmRNA発現。

単離の間、高膵島収量を確保するために、プロトコルに概要の外科技術は、密接に従うべきである。ここで紹介するテクニックは、各研究室に合わせて調整することになるが、成功した分離につながるいくつかの重要なステップがあります。総胆管は簡単にアクセスできるようにするためには、臓器をマウスの右側（ 図1）に変位することをお勧めします。さらに、この拡張を制...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination at JoVE.com

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

ランゲルハンス単離したマウスの膵島を用いたin vitroβ細胞機能をアッセイすることは、糖尿病の病態と治療薬の研究に重要な要素である。多くの下流のアプリケーションが利用可能であるが、このプロトコルは、具体的にはβ細胞機能を決定する本質的なパラメータとして、細胞内サイクリックアデノシン一リン酸（cAMP）の測定を記載する。

マウス膵島の単離と細胞内cAMP測定法

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing ...

a-method-for-mouse-pancreatic-islet-isolation-intracellular-camp

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

64.9K ビュー.  University of Wisconsin-Madison. ランゲルハンス単離したマウスの膵島を用いたin vitroβ細胞機能をアッセイすることは、糖尿病の病態と治療薬の研究に重要な要素である。多くの下流のアプリケーションが利用可能であるが、このプロトコルは、具体的にはβ細胞機能を決定する本質的なパラメータとして、細胞内サイクリックアデノシン一リン酸（cAMP）の測定を記載する?...

ビデオ: A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

マウス膵島単離

生物学

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristic, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we have developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004, and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. Briefly, after cleaning the pancreas from the surrounding tissue, it was perfused with enzyme solution (Serva Collagenase + Neutral Protease or Sigma V enzyme). The distended pancreas was then transferred to the Ricordi digestion chamber, connected to a modified, closed circulation tubing system, and warmed up to 37&deg;C. During the digestion, the chamber was shaken gently. Samples were taken continuously to monitor the digestion progress. Once free islets were detected under the microscope, the digestion was stopped by flushing cold (4&deg;C) RPMI dilution solution (Mediatech, Herndon, VA) into the circulation system to dilute the enzyme. After being collected and washed in M199 media supplemented with human albumin, the tissue was sampled for pre-purification count and incubated with UW solution before purification. Purification process will be described in Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part I: digestion and collection of pancreatic tissue) using a modified automated method.

人間の膵島単離：パートI：膵組織の消化とコレクション

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of ...

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristics, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004 and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. As described in Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue, human pancreas was trimmed, cannulated, perfused, and digested. After collection and at least 30 minutes of incubation in UW solution, the tissue was loaded in the cell separator (COBE 2991, Cobe, Lakewood, CO) for purification 3. Following purification, islet yield (expressed as islet equivalents, IEQ), tissue volume, and purity was determined according to standard methods 9. Isolated islets were cultured in CMRL-1066 media (Mediatech, Herndon, VA), supplemented with 1.5% human albumin, 0.1% insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), 1 ml of Ciprofloxacin, 5 ml o f 1M HEPES, and 14.5 ml of 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate in T175 flasks at 37&deg;C overnight culture before islets were transplanted or used for research.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part II: purification and culture of human islets) using a modified automated method.

人間の膵島単離：パートII：ヒト膵島の精製と​​文化

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), and delta-cells (somatostatin) that are embedded in the exocrine tissues and comprise 1-2% of the entire pancreas. There is a close correlation between body and pancreas weight. Total beta-cell mass also increases proportionately to compensate for the demand for insulin in the body. What escapes this proportionate expansion is the size distribution of islets. Large animals such as humans share similar islet size distributions with mice, suggesting that this micro-organ has a certain size limit to be functional. The inability of large animal pancreata to generate proportionately larger islets is compensated for by an increase in the number of islets and by an increase in the proportion of larger islets in their overall islet size distribution. Furthermore, islets exhibit a striking plasticity in cellular composition and architecture among different species and also within the same species under various pathophysiological conditions. In the present study, we describe novel approaches for the analysis of biological image data in order to facilitate the automation of analytic processes, which allow for the analysis of large and heterogeneous data collections in the study of such dynamic biological processes and complex structures. Such studies have been hampered due to technical difficulties of unbiased sampling and generating large-scale data sets to precisely capture the complexity of biological processes of islet biology. Here we show methods to collect unbiased "representative" data within the limited availability of samples (or to minimize the sample collection) and the standard experimental settings, and to precisely analyze the complex three-dimensional structure of the islet. Computer-assisted automation allows for the collection and analysis of large-scale data sets and also assures unbiased interpretation of the data. Furthermore, the precise quantification of islet size distribution and spatial coordinates (i.e. X, Y, Z-positions) not only leads to an accurate visualization of pancreatic islet structure and composition, but also allows us to identify patterns during development and adaptation to altering conditions through mathematical modeling. The methods developed in this study are applicable to studies of many other systems and organisms as well.

Novel computer-assisted methods of large-scale procurement and analysis of immunohistochemically stained pancreatic specimens are described: (1) Virtual Slice capture of the entire section; (2) Mass analysis of large-scale data; (3) Reconstruction of 2D Virtual Slices; (4) 3D islet mapping; and (5) Mathematical analysis.

膵島質量、サイズ分布とアーキテクチャのコンピュータ支援大規模可視化と定量化

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), ...

Mouse Islet of Langerhans Isolation using a Combination of Purified Collagenase and Neutral Protease

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories1-4, variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations5, 6, but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh7, 8, in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient9, and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a6 fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate6. This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay10. Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.

A detailed description of mouse islet isolation is described using the technique of in situ pancreatic ductal cannulation and perfusion of a combination of purified collagenase and neutral protease.

コラゲナーゼと中性プロテアーゼの精製の組合せを用いて単離ランゲルハンスマウスの膵島

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

マウスプライマリ膵臓腺房細胞の単離と培養

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Near Infrared (NIr) Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and exercise. However, these approaches do not address the underlying causes of balance decline. Using mice, the impact of near infrared light (NIr) on the metabolism of cells in the vestibular sensory epithelium was assessed. Data collected shows that this simple and safe intervention may protect these vulnerable cells from the deleterious effects of natural aging. mRNA was extracted from the isolated peripheral vestibular sensory epithelium (crista ampullaris and utricular macula) and subsequently transcribed into a cDNA library. This library was then probed for the expression of ubiquitous antioxidant (SOD-1). Antioxidant gene expression was then used to quantify cellular metabolism. Using transcranial delivery of NIr in young (4 weeks) and older (8 - 9 months) mice, and a brief treatment regime (90 sec/day for 5 days), this work suggests NIr alone may be sufficient to improve mitochondrial function in the vestibular sensory epithelium. Since there are currently no available, affordable, non-invasive methods of therapy to improve vestibular hair cell function, the application of external NIr radiation provides a potential strategy to counteract the impact of aging on cellular metabolism inthe vestibular sensory epithelium.

Near Infrared NIr Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence. This paper uses non-invasive near-infrared (NIr) treatment to improve mitochondrial function in the aging mouse vestibular sensory epithelium.

近赤外（NIR）の光は、マウス前庭感覚上皮におけるミトコンドリア機能のマーカーの発現を増加させる

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and ...

Filtration Isolation of Nucleic Acids:  A Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad to extract cellular DNA from whole blood in less than 2 min. The blood specimen is treated with detergent, mixed briefly and applied by pipet to the separation membrane. The lysate wicks into the blotting pad due to capillary action, capturing the genomic DNA on the surface of the separation membrane. The extracted DNA is retained on the membrane during a simple wash step wherein PCR inhibitors are wicked into the absorbent blotting pad. The membrane containing the entrapped DNA is then added to the PCR reaction without further purification. This simple method does not require laboratory equipment and can be easily implemented with inexpensive laboratory supplies. Here we describe a protocol for highly sensitive detection and quantitation of HIV-1 proviral DNA from 100 &#181;l whole blood as a model for early infant diagnosis of HIV that could readily be adapted to other genetic targets.

We describe here a simple and rapid paper-based DNA extraction method of HIV proviral DNA from whole blood detected by quantitative PCR. This protocol can be extended for use in detecting other genetic markers or using alternative amplification methods.

核酸の濾過単離：簡易迅速DNA抽出方法

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

新生児および成人マウス皮膚由来の初代マウスケラチノサイトの単離および培養

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.