この作品は、スイス国立科学財団（助成31003A-149315から1 MESおよびAZにグラントIZK0Z3-150809に）、AZハイジデメトリアデス財団に 、欧州研究会議（ &#39;Nogorise&#39;）をMESするとの補助金によって賄われていましたクリストファーとダナ·リーブ財団（CDRF）。

全ての実験は、カントンチューリッヒ、スイスの獣医局のガイドラインに従って行いました。 1.動物の取り扱いおよび馴化<ol><li>動物の取り扱い 注：5日実験開始前に、毎日のステップ1.1.1を実行します。 <ol><li>行動実験では、実験者に動物を慣らします。毎日の動物当たり10〜15分を持続セッションを処理しています。各動物のセッションの後にボックスを清掃してください。 <ol><li>最初は、動物が実験に慣れになることを探求し、臭いできるようにケージに実験者の手を置きます。 </li><li>次に、静かにさらに習熟を可能にするフロントと後足の間、ラットの体をつかんで安全な方法で実験者の手で動物を持ち上げます。 </li></ol></li><li>絶食前のベースライン体重を得るために、毎日、各動物を秤量します。 </li></オール&gt; </li><li>装置馴化·食品ファミリア<ol><li>絶食前のベースライン体重を得るために、毎日、各動物を秤量します。 </li><li>標準的な実験食の事前研修の先頭に3日前、ラットを奪う食べ物を開始します。 （食品の10グラムで開始、 例えば、200グラムの重さのラット）ラット日あたりの食品1グラムあたりの体重の0.05グラムを与えます。毎日体重を監視することにより、一日あたり10％以上減少しないために体重を確認してください。 <ol><li>いくつかの動物は1ケージに保持されている場合は、支配的なラットは少ない支配的なもの以上のものを食べることができます。動物は減少の体重場合、動物を別々の代わりにグループ給餌を養います。水を自由に与えます。 </li></ol></li><li>把持装置でラットを知らせるために、（ 図1）トレーニングボックスに動物を配置します。食物ペレットを動物に習熟するためにスリット開口部に近​​接してトレーニング箱に入れ、砂糖ペレットを持っています。このSTを実行します3日間毎日EP 10-15分。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.事前トレーニングや運動スキル学習<ol><li>事前トレーニング<ol><li>ある日習熟した後、トレーニングボックスに動物を配置し、それが動物の舌によって達することができるように、スリット開口部に近​​接したペレットを配置します。プレトレーニング中に自分の前肢でペレットを取り出し、動物を除外 注：この段階で、舌でペレットの取得が重要と選択の通常動物の方法です。運動技能の学習の最初の日が学習到達タスクの適切な監視を可能にするためにまで、ペレットは前肢で把握いかなる場合でなければなりません。プレトレーニング中に前肢を有するペレット検索は除外基準であり、ほとんどの場合に観察されません。 </li><li>ケージの後方に実行して、スリット開口に戻るか、バックステップとして、次の食品ペレットを受信するために、自身の軸を好転するか、ラットを教えます舌。動物は、ケージを探る後方に実行して、スリット開口部に戻すための時間を確保します。動物は正しくタスクを実行しない場合は、ゆっくりケージの端部背面にタップして、動物の注意をキャッチするために鉗子を使用しています。動物が背面になると、静かにスリット開口に動物を導くために、ケージの前面にタップします。 注：動物が定義された標準値に達すると（ 例えば、15分未満で舌50の成功ペレット回収の）は、動物が運動技能の学習段階の資格。 1日目と事前研修の2には、学習者がすでに非学習者と区別することができます。非学習者は、この段階での研究から除外することができます。これは、運動学習ステップ（2.2）中に非学習者の高い数を有する確率を低下させます。 </li><li>プレトレーニング中、食品は、標準的な実験用飼料でラットを奪います。水を自由に与えます。研究を通して毎日の体重を監視します。行います雌雄ラットを訓練するために同じ部屋を使用していません。動物のための穏やかで、ノイズのない環境を確保します。 </li></ol></li><li>足の好みや運動スキル学習の決意<ol><li>運動技能の学習の最初のセッション中に、ポストにウィンドウの前のスライドを交換してください。動物がその舌でペレットに達するだけに達すると動きを把握正確な前肢によってそれを取得できないように約1.5cm離れた後のウィンドウから砂糖ペレットを配置します。 <ol><li>動物が舌で消費をしようとしながら、静かにペレットを動物の口の近くにペレットを持参し、後退させるように鉗子を使用し、前肢によってペレットの取得を強制します。動物が前足を伸ばし、ペレットを把握するまで繰り返し、このタスクを実行します。 </li></ol></li><li>窓の開口部の中心ポストを配置します。足の嗜好を判断するには、慎重に訓練日の最初の10試行REACの1の70％以上を観測興試みは（ すなわち、10のうち7）は同じ前肢で実行する必要があります。これが達成されない場合、70％の閾値に達するまで、10の試験の別のラウンドを続けます。 </li><li>足の嗜好決意した後、好適な前肢に向けてポストをシフトし、窓の開口部の境界に中央揃えます。好適な足の位置合わせは、ポストが（ 図1B、C）に到達するための最適な角度を可能にするために、それぞれの足に反してシフトしていることを意味します。 </li><li>成功したように、動物に提示新しいペレットとして定義されて裁判を、分類（ペレットを取り出し、食べて、把握に達する）、（ポストからペレットをノック）ドロップ（、把握に到達し、検索時にペレットを失う）か、失敗します。あなたのシート内のすべての裁判を書き留め、実験後のデータを分析します。 </li><li>試験の定義された数（ 例えば、150）または各動物の最大時間（ 例えば、1時間）からなる1日1回のセッションを行います。 </li><li>精度と微調整を調査運動の最初の試みの分析を使用して。最初の試みは、個々の移動部品の崩壊、ためらいまたは反復することなく、単一のモノリシック運動のペレットの把握によって定義されます。慎重にラットによってそれぞれ把握を観察します。 <ol><li>ラットの躊躇やリーチ中に引っ込むか、正しくペレットを把握するために、いくつかの試験をしようとすると、成功ではなく、最初の試みとして、それぞれの裁判に注意してください。動物が正常に単一のモノリシックリーチでペレットを把握した場合、あなたのシートに別の列で成功した最初の試みとして、各試行を書き留め。 </li></ol></li><li>運動技能学習中は、食べ物は、標準的な実験用飼料でラットを奪います。水を自由に与えます。研究を通して毎日の体重を監視します。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose

。本研究で示したパラダイムは、Buitrago ら 18から適応、主に二つの側面でのパラダイム17に到達し 、古典的な単一のペレットとは異なるされています。 まず、セッション内の改善を検討することは、毎日の平均値で表さ遅い学習コンポーネントに比べて高速な学習コンポーネントの調査などの情報を異なるレベルを提供することができ、?...

移動制御は、中枢神経系（CNS）の主要機能です。 MotricityはCNS機能の主な測定可能な出力や個人が外部世界と対話するための主要な可能性です。運動機能の原理および運動課題の学習は現在、神経科学における大きな課題の一つである根底にあるメカニズムを理解します。 、形態学的生理学的および分子の変化は、新たな運動課題の取得時発見されました。例えば、形状やシナプスの数は、熟練した運動トレーニング1-5に応じて変化し、シナプスの機械の機能的変化は、運動学習の後に観察されました。シナプス応答は、同じ動物の訓練を受けていない半球に、または訓練を受けていない動物からの応答6,7と比較して、訓練を受けた運動野の前肢を表現領域の接続に高かったです。電気生理学的観察はまた、長期増強（LTP）と長期を提案しますメカニズムなど-term抑圧（LTD）は、新しい運動技能の学習中に行われ、LTPとLTD飽和の制限国境の間に形成されるシナプス動作の範囲は、8修正されていること。さらに、その活動マーカーおよび可塑性は、C-FOS、GAP-43、またはBDNFなどの分子を促進するだけでなく、可塑性は、学習に関連する神経可塑性9-16のためのNogo-ディスプレイ調節的役割のような分子を阻害することが示されています。 運動学習のメカニズムのより良い理解に向けたこれらの進歩は、新しい運動技能、 例えば、熟練した前肢は、到達の取得の正確な制御を可能にする行動パラダイムを使用して達成することができます。唯一の適切な構造の行動タスクは、学習と各タスクの実行時に発生する相関の変化を監視し、キャプチャすることができます。ここでは、視覚的に熟練した前肢の修正版を実証しますBuitrago ら 17提示パラダイムから適合ラットにおける単一のペレット到達タスクでは、いくつかのセッションを超える高速な学習コンポーネントおよび一次取得を表す（セッション内）毎日のトレーニングセッション内での移動獲得の分析だけでなく、熟練した運動学習を可能にします（セッション間の）学習したタスク18の遅い学習コンポーネントとメンテナンスを表します。まず、ラットをそれぞれ把握した後、それらの軸を中心に回転するので、次のペレット到達する前に自分の体を再編成し、更新するために訓練されている。重要なことに、この行動パラダイムが原因には2つの機能は運動技能タスクの難しさと複雑さの度合いを増加させます体の向き、同じ角度からの一定の動きの実行を防止することができます。次に、ペレットをケージの前面に配置された垂直ポストから取り出されます。によるポストの小径に、ペレットが容易に成功した検索およびpの正確な把握を必要とキックオフすることができますreventing単純な動物に向けてペレットを引っ張ります。 このような複雑な行動試験は、運動学習のメカニズムをより深く洞察することができます。マウスと比較して、ラットは、複雑な行動タスクのその性能に優れ、本研究で提示されるような複雑なパラダイムのためにこのように適しています。ラット19,20のために利用可能な増加の遺伝的可能性を考慮すると、遺伝子操作、イメージングおよび生理学的な技術と正確かつ十分に制御行動試験方法の組み合わせは、より良い運動学習および記憶の神経生物学的基礎を理解するための強力なツールボックスを表します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Training box</td><td></td><td></td><td>Self Made</td></tr><tr><td>Pedestal</td><td></td><td></td><td>Self Made</td></tr><tr><td>Sugar pellets</td><td>TSE Systems Intl. Group</td><td></td><td>45 mg dustless precision pellets</td></tr><tr><td>Sprague Dawley rats</td><td></td><td></td><td>5-6 week old males</td></tr><tr><td>Laptop computer</td><td>Hewlett Packard</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stop Watch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Excel</td><td>Microsoft</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Prism</td><td>GraphPad</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weighing scale</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Counter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

acquisition of a high-precision skilled forelimb reaching task in rats

Movements are the main measurable output of central nervous system function. Developing behavioral paradigms that allow detailed analysis of motor learning and execution is of critical importance in order to understand the principles and processes that underlie motor function. Here we present a paradigm to study movement acquisition within a daily session of training (within-session) representing the fast learning component and primary acquisition as well as skilled motor learning over several training sessions (between-session) representing the slow learning component and consolidation of the learned task. This behavioral paradigm increases the degree of difficulty and complexity of the motor skill task due to two features: First, the animal realigns its body prior to each pellet retrieval forcing renewed orientation and preventing movement execution from the same angle. Second, pellets are grasped from a vertical post that matches the diameter of the pellet and is placed in front of the cage. This requires a precise grasp for successful pellet retrieval and thus prevents simple pulling of the pellet towards the animal. In combination with novel genetics, imaging and electrophysiological technologies, this behavioral method will aid to understand the morphological, anatomical and molecular underpinnings of motor learning and memory.

成功した運動技能の獲得のみ一貫した練習によって達成されます。すべての側面を慎重に検討にもかかわらず、いくつかのラットは、タスク（ 図2）を習得することができません。これらの「非学習者は &#39;のいずれかの実験を開始してからペレット検索のいくつかまたは存在しない試みをもたらす動機を欠いているか、一般的に連続して試行の失敗につながるペレットに手を伸...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats at JoVE.com

Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

A paradigm is presented to analyze the acquisition of a high-precision skilled forelimb reaching task in rats.

ラットでのタスクに到達高精度熟練前肢の取得

Movements are the main measurable output of central nervous system function. Developing behavioral paradigms that allow detailed analysis of motor ...

acquisition-of-a-high-precision-skilled-forelimb-reaching-task-in-rats

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

10.3K ビュー.  University of Zurich. A paradigm is presented to analyze the acquisition of a high-precision skilled forelimb reaching task in rats.

ビデオ: Acquisition of a High-precision Skilled Forelimb Reaching Task in Rats

Assessing Forelimb Function after Unilateral Cervical SCI using Novel Tasks: Limb Step-alternation, Postural Instability and Pasta Handling

Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority of the spinal cord injuries in humans occur at the cervical levels. Therefore, developing cervical injury models and developing relevant and sensitive behavioral tests is of great importance. Here we describe the use of a newly developed forelimb step-alternation test after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. In addition, we describe two behavioral tests that have not been used after spinal cord injury: a postural instability test (PIT), and a pasta-handling test. All three behavioral tests are highly sensitive to injury and are easy to use. Therefore, we feel that these behavioral tests can be instrumental in investigating therapeutic strategies after cSCI.

Three new behavioral tests (forelimb step-alternation, postural instability test, pasta handling test) for evaluating forelimb function after cervical spinal cord injury in rodents are described.

新規タスクを使用した片側子宮頸SCI後前肢の機能を評価する：四肢ステップ交替、姿勢の不安定やパスタの取り扱い

Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority ...

行動学

The Vermicelli and Capellini Handling Tests: Simple quantitative measures of dexterous forepaw function in rats and mice

Previous characterizations of rodent eating behavior have revealed that they use coordinated forepaw movements to manipulate food pieces. We have extended upon this work to develop a simple quantitative measure of forepaw dexterity that is sensitive to lateralized impairments and age-dependent changes. Rodents learn skillful forepaw and digit movements to manage thin pasta pieces, which they eagerly consume. We have previously described methods for quantifying vermicelli handling in rats and showed that the measures are very sensitive to forelimb impairments resulting from unilateral ischemic lesions, middle cerebral artery occlusions and unilateral striatal dopamine depletion [Allred, R.P., Adkins, D.L., Woodlee, M.T., Husbands, L.C., Maldonado M.A., Kane, J.R., Schallert, T. &amp; Jones, T.A. The Vermicelli Handling Test: a simple quantitative measure of dexterous forepaw function in rats. J. Neurosci. Methods 170, 229-244 (2008)]. Here we present a more detailed protocol for this test in rats and compare it with a newly developed version for mice, the Capellini Handling Test. Rats and mice are videotaped while handling short lengths of uncooked vermicelli or capellini pasta, respectively, with a camera positioned to optimize the view of paw movements. Slow motion video playback allows for the identification of forepaw adjustments, defined as any distinct removal and replacement of the paw, or of any number of digits, on the pasta piece after eating commences. Forepaw adjustments per piece are averaged over trials per each testing session. Repeated testing permits sensitive quantitative analysis of changes in forepaw dexterity over time. Protocols for pre-testing habituation and handling practice, as well as procedures for characterizing atypical handling patterns, are described. Because rats and mice perform the pasta handling tests slightly differently, species-specific differences in administration and scoring of these tests are highlighted. All animal use was in accordance with protocols approved by the University of Texas at Austin Animal Care and Use Committee.

The Vermicelli and Capellini Handling Tests of forepaw dexterity take advantage of the natural inclination of rodents to manipulate food items using skillful forepaw and digit movements. Animals are videotaped while handling short strands of uncooked dry pasta. Slow motion video playback allows for the quantification of forepaw adjustments.

春雨とカッペリーニの処理試験：ラットとマウスの器用な前足の機能の簡単な定量的指標

Previous characterizations of rodent eating behavior have revealed that they use coordinated forepaw movements to manipulate food pieces. We have extended ...

神経科学

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Reaching for and retrieving objects require precise and coordinated motor movements in the forelimb. When mice are repeatedly trained to grasp and retrieve food rewards positioned at a specific location, their motor performance (defined as accuracy and speed) improves progressively over time, and plateaus after persistent training. Once such reaching skill is mastered, its further maintenance does not require constant practice. Here we introduce a single-pellet reaching task to study the acquisition and maintenance of skilled forelimb movements in mice. In this video, we first describe the behaviors of mice that are commonly encountered in this learning and memory paradigm, and then discuss how to categorize these behaviors and quantify the observed results. Combined with mouse genetics, this paradigm can be utilized as a behavioral platform to explore the anatomical underpinnings, physiological properties, and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory.

Persistent practice improves the precision of coordinated movements.&#160;Here we introduce a single-pellet reaching task, which is designed to assess the learning and memory of forelimb skill in mice.&#160;

マウスのシングル·ペレット到達タスクで学ぶ学習運動スキル

Reaching for and retrieving objects require precise and coordinated motor movements in the forelimb. When mice are repeatedly trained to grasp and ...

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Skilled reaching tasks are commonly used in studies of motor skill learning and motor function under healthy and pathological conditions, but can be time-intensive and ambiguous to quantify beyond simple success rates. Here, we describe the training procedure for reach-and-pull tasks with ETH Pattus, a robotic platform for automated forelimb reaching training that records pulling and hand rotation movements in rats. Kinematic quantification of the performed pulling attempts reveals the presence of distinct temporal profiles of movement parameters such as pulling velocity, spatial variability of the pulling trajectory, deviation from midline, as well as pulling success. We show how minor adjustments in the training paradigm result in alterations in these parameters, revealing their relation to task difficulty, general motor function or skilled task execution. Combined with electrophysiological, pharmacological and optogenetic techniques, this paradigm can be used to explore the mechanisms underlying motor learning and memory formation, as well as loss and recovery of function (e.g. after stroke).

A paradigm is presented for training and analysis of an automated skilled reaching task in rats. Analysis of pulling attempts reveals distinct subprocesses of motor learning.

ロボットマニピュランダムに運動スキルの学習過程を調査

Skilled reaching tasks are commonly used in studies of motor skill learning and motor function under healthy and pathological conditions, but can be ...

The Structure of Skilled Forelimb Reaching in the Rat: A Movement Rating Scale

Skilled reaching for food is an evolutionary ancient act and is displayed by many animal species, including those in the sister clades of rodents and primates. The video describes a test situation that allows filming of repeated acts of reaching for food by the rat that has been mildly food deprived. A rat is trained to reach through a slot in a holding box for food pellet that it grasps and then places in its mouth for eating. Reaching is accomplished in the main by proximally driven movements of the limb but distal limb movements are used for pronating the paw, grasping the food, and releasing the food into the mouth. Each reach is divided into at least 10 movements of the forelimb and the reaching act is facilitated by postural adjustments. Each of the movements is described and examples of the movements are given from a number of viewing perspectives. By rating each movement element on a 3-point scale, the reach can be quantified. A number of studies have demonstrated that the movement elements are altered by motor system damage, including damage to the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. The movements are also altered in neurological conditions that can be modeled in the rat, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Thus, the rating scale is useful for quantifying motor impairments and the effectiveness of neural restoration and rehabilitation. Because the reaching act for the rat is very similar to that displayed by humans and nonhuman primates, the scale can be used for comparative purposes. from a number of viewing perspectives. By rating each movement element on a 3-point scale, the reach can be quantified. A number of studies have demonstrated that the movement elements are altered by motor system damage, including damage to the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. The movements are also altered in neurological conditions that can be modeled in the rat, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Thus, the rating scale is useful for quantifying motor impairments and the effectiveness of neural restoration and rehabilitation.

Experiments on animals were performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the University of Lethbridge Animal Care Committee in accordance with the regulations of the Canadian Council on Animal Care.

The skilled reaching scale divides the movement by a forelimb in a reach for food act into composite elements each of which are evaluated with a three-point scale. The rating scale is described for a normal rat and can be applied toward evaluating neurological motor disorders.

ラットに到達熟練前肢の構造：運動評価尺度

Skilled reaching for food is an evolutionary ancient act and is displayed by many animal species, including those in the sister clades of rodents and ...

生物学

The Knob Supination Task: A Semi-automated Method for Assessing Forelimb Function in Rats

Tasks that accurately measure dexterity in animal models are critical to understand hand function. Current rat behavioral tasks that measure dexterity largely use video analysis of reaching or food manipulation. While these tasks are easy to implement and are robust across disease models, they are subjective and laborious for the experimenter. Automating traditional tasks or creating new automated tasks can make the tasks more efficient, objective, and quantitative. Since rats are less dexterous than primates, central nervous system (CNS) injury produces more subtle deficits in dexterity, however, supination is highly affected in rodents and crucial to hand function in primates. Therefore, we designed a semi-automated task that measures forelimb supination in rats. Rats are trained to reach and grasp a knob-shaped manipulandum and turn the manipulandum in supination to receive a reward. Rats can acquire the skill within 20 &plusmn; 5 days. While the early part of training is highly supervised, much of the training is done without direct supervision. The task reliably and reproducibly captures subtle deficits after injury and shows functional recovery that accurately reflects clinical recovery curves. Analysis of data is performed by specialized software through a graphical user interface that is designed to be intuitive. We also give solutions to common problems encountered during training, and show that minor corrections to behavior early in training produce reliable acquisition of supination. Thus, the knob supination task provides efficient and quantitative evaluation of a critical movement for dexterity in rats.

This manuscript describes a semi-automated task that quantifies supination in rats. Rats reach, grasp, and supinate a spherical manipulandum. The rat is rewarded with a pellet if the turn angle exceeds a criterion set by the user. This task increases throughput, sensitivity to injury, and objectivity compared to traditional tasks.

ノブ外タスク: ラットの前肢関数を評価するための半自動メソッド

Tasks that accurately measure dexterity in animal models are critical to understand hand function. Current rat behavioral tasks that measure dexterity ...

Evaluating Skilled Prehension in Mice Using an Auto-Trainer

We describe a method to introduce na&#239;ve mice to a novel prehension (reach-to-grasp) task. Mice are housed singly in cages with a frontal slot that permits the mouse to reach out of its cage and retrieve food pellets. Minimal food restriction is employed to encourage the mice to perform the food retrieval from the slot. As the mice begin to associate coming to the slot for food, the pellets are manually pulled away to stimulate extension and pronation of their paw to grasp and retrieve the pellet through the frontal slot. When the mice begin to reach for the pellets as they arrive at the slot, the behavioral assay can be performed by measuring the rate at which they successfully grasp and retrieve the desired pellet. They are then introduced to an auto-trainer that automates both the process of providing food pellets for the mouse to grasp, and the recording of successful and failed reaching and grasping attempts. This allows for the collection of reaching data for multiple mice with minimal effort, to be used in experimental analysis as appropriate.

Method to assess the impact of training on motor skills is a useful tool. Unfortunately, most behavioral assessments can be labor intensive and/or expensive.We describe here a robotic method of assessing prehension (reach-to-grasp) skill in mice.

オートトレーナーを用いてマウスの熟練した予感を評価する

We describe a method to introduce na&#239;ve mice to a novel prehension (reach-to-grasp) task. Mice are housed singly in cages with a frontal slot that ...

Automated Rat Single-Pellet Reaching with 3-Dimensional Reconstruction of Paw and Digit Trajectories

Rodent skilled reaching is commonly used to study dexterous skills, but requires significant time and effort to implement the task and analyze the behavior. Several automated versions of skilled reaching have been developed recently. Here, we describe a version that automatically presents pellets to rats while recording high-definition video from multiple angles at high frame rates (300 fps). The paw and individual digits are tracked with DeepLabCut, a machine learning algorithm for markerless pose estimation. This system can also be synchronized with physiological recordings, or be used to trigger physiologic interventions (e.g., electrical or optical stimulation).

Rodent skilled reaching is commonly used to study dexterous skills, but requires significant time and effort to implement the task and analyze the behavior. We describe an automated version of skilled reaching with motion tracking and three-dimensional reconstruction of reach trajectories.

足と数字軌道の3次元再構成で到達する自動化されたラットシングルペレット

Rodent skilled reaching is commonly used to study dexterous skills, but requires significant time and effort to implement the task and analyze the ...

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Fine motor skills are essential in everyday life and can be compromised in several nervous system disorders. The acquisition and performance of these tasks require sensory-motor integration and involve precise control of bilateral brain circuits. Implementing unimanual behavioral paradigms in animal models will improve the understanding of the contribution of brain structures, like the striatum, to complex motor behavior as it allows manipulation and recording of neural activity of specific nuclei in control conditions and disease during the performance of the task. 
Since its creation, optogenetics has been a dominant tool for interrogating the brain by enabling selective and targeted activation or inhibition of neuronal populations. The combination of optogenetics with behavioral assays sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of specific brain functions. Wireless head-mounted systems with miniaturized light-emitting diodes (LEDs) allow remote optogenetic control in an entirely free-moving animal. This avoids the limitations of a wired system being less restrictive for animals' behavior without compromising light emission efficiency. The current protocol combines a wireless optogenetics approach with high-speed videography in a unimanual dexterity task to dissect the contribution of specific neuronal populations to fine motor behavior.

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

The present protocol describes how to use wireless optogenetics combined with high-speed videography in a single pellet reach-to-grasp task to characterize the neural circuits involved in the performance of skilled motor behavior in freely moving mice.

インビボ 熟練した運動行動の無線光遺伝学的制御

Fine motor skills are essential in everyday life and can be compromised in several nervous system disorders. The acquisition and performance of these ...

Assessing Dexterity with Reaching Tasks

Reaching tasks are employed in behavioral neuroscience to investigate motor learning and forelimb dexterity. Much like human hands, rodents have dexterous forepaws, which are necessary for executing coordinated and precise motor movements. Experimenters may utilize food rewards to train rodents to reach and for testing their reaching abilities. These tasks help behavioral neuroscientist in understanding how CNS injuries, such as a stroke, may impair reaching ability and dexterity in humans.
This video begins by discussing the principles and neurobiology of forelimb use in rodents, and then explains a protocol on how to conduct reaching experiments using different types of food rewards. Applications section reviews studies that involve reaching and food handling in animal models of CNS injury.

Reaching Tasks: Accessing Motor Learning and Dexterity

タスクに達すると器用さを評価します。

Reaching tasks are employed in behavioral neuroscience to investigate motor learning and forelimb dexterity. Much like human hands, rodents have dexterous ...

ラットでのタスクに到達高精度熟練前肢の取得

要約

さらに動画を探す

新規タスクを使用した片側子宮頸SCI後前肢の機能を評価する：四肢ステップ交替、姿勢の不安定やパスタの取り扱い

春雨とカッペリーニの処理試験：ラットとマウスの器用な前足の機能の簡単な定量的指標

マウスのシングル·ペレット到達タスクで学ぶ学習運動スキル

ロボットマニピュランダムに運動スキルの学習過程を調査

ラットに到達熟練前肢の構造：運動評価尺度

ノブ外タスク: ラットの前肢関数を評価するための半自動メソッド

オートトレーナーを用いてマウスの熟練した予感を評価する

足と数字軌道の3次元再構成で到達する自動化されたラットシングルペレット

インビボ熟練した運動行動の無線光遺伝学的制御

タスクに達すると器用さを評価します。

ラットでのタスクに到達高精度熟練前肢の取得

要約

さらに動画を探す

新規タスクを使用した片側子宮頸SCI後前肢の機能を評価する：四肢ステップ交替、姿勢の不安定やパスタの取り扱い

春雨とカッペリーニの処理試験：ラットとマウスの器用な前足の機能の簡単な定量的指標

マウスのシングル·ペレット到達タスクで学ぶ学習運動スキル

ロボットマニピュランダムに運動スキルの学習過程を調査

ラットに到達熟練前肢の構造：運動評価尺度

ノブ外タスク: ラットの前肢関数を評価するための半自動メソッド

オートトレーナーを用いてマウスの熟練した予感を評価する

足と数字軌道の3次元再構成で到達する自動化されたラットシングルペレット

インビボ 熟練した運動行動の無線光遺伝学的制御

タスクに達すると器用さを評価します。

インビボ熟練した運動行動の無線光遺伝学的制御