この作品は、各国政府や欧州連合助成契約番号 324257 の下で ENIAC じゅプロジェクト DeNeCoR ので部分的にサポートされています。著者は、彼らの貴重なサポート, 監督, とこの作業を可能にした洞察力に富んだコメントの教授・ ジョヴァンニ ・ Magenes、教授ピエロ トルトリと博士 Giosuè Caliano を感謝したいです。教授エジディオ空港ダンジェロと彼のグループ (BCC 研究室)、スタンパーリアラヴェッロ Istituto Neurologico C. モンディーノ、と共にモーショントラッ キングと氏インストルメンテーションを提供するため、およびジャンカルロ Germani 氏買収に感謝おります。最後に、博士ニコレッタ Caramia、博士アレッサンドロ ・ Dallai と貴重なテクニカル サポートのためさんバーバラ Mauti と氏ウォルター Volpi ウシの脳を提供するために感謝したいと思います。

<ol>
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Phys. 31 (6), 1424-1433 (2004).</li><li>Boni, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+reconfigurable+and+programmable+FPGA-based+system+for+nonstandard+ultrasound+methods.">A reconfigurable and programmable FPGA-based system for nonstandard ultrasound methods.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 59 (7), 1378-1385 (2012).</li><li>Bagolini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PECVD+low+stress+silicon+nitride+analysis+and+optimization+for+the+fabrication+of+CMUT+devices.">PECVD low stress silicon nitride analysis and optimization for the fabrication of CMUT devices.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 25 (1), (2015).</li><li>Savoia, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+fabrication+of+a+cMUT+probe+for+ultrasound+imaging+of+fingerprints.">Design and fabrication of a cMUT probe for ultrasound imaging of fingerprints.</a> Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. , 1877-1880 (2010).</li><li>Fenster, A., Downey, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+ultrasound+imaging.">Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging.</a> Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2, 457-475 (2000).</li><li>Matrone, G., Ramalli, A., Savoia, A. 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S., Caliano, G., Magenes, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Depth-of-field+enhancement+in+Filtered-Delay+Multiply+and+Sum+beamformed+images+using+Synthetic+Aperture+Focusing.">Depth-of-field enhancement in Filtered-Delay Multiply and Sum beamformed images using Synthetic Aperture Focusing.</a> Ultrasonics. 75, 216-225 (2017).</li><li>Boni, E., Cellai, A., Ramalli, A., Tortoli, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high+performance+board+for+acquisition+of+64-channel+ultrasound+RF+data.">A high performance board for acquisition of 64-channel ultrasound RF data.</a> Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. , 2067-2070 (2012).</li><li>Matrone, G., Savoia, A. 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著者は、彼らは競合する金銭的な利益があるを宣言します。

いくつかの作品は、提示されたプロトコルに類似または関連手法を記述する文献で紹介されています。これらの技術はまた現実的な目標、固定動物死体の脳などの使用に基づいてが、さまざまな種類のデジタル登録メソッドのテストのため主に構想されています。
ここでは、説明されたプロトコルただし、開発の初期段階で、さまざまな構成で米国プローブをテストの?...

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="925">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">ULA-OP</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">University of Florence</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:415px;">Ultrasound imaging research system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">3D imaging piezeoelectric probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Esaote s.p.a.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">9600195000</td>
			<td>Mechanically-swept 3D ultrasound probe, model BL-433</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Linear-array piezoelectric probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Esaote s.p.a.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">122001100</td>
			<td>Ultrasound linear array probe, model LA-533</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">CMUT probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">University Roma Tre</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Ultrasound linear array probe based on CMUT technology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">MAGNETOM Skyra 3T MR scanner</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>MR scanner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Head coil</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>32-channel head coil for MR imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">NDI Polaris Vicra</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8700335001</td>
			<td>Optical motion tracking system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Pointer tool</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8700340</td>
			<td>Passive pointer tool with 4 reflecting markers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Clamp-equipped tool</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8700399</td>
			<td>Rigid body with 4 reflecting markers and a clamp to be connected to the US probe handle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Bovine brain</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Brain of an adult bovine, from food suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Formalin solution</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>10% buffered formalin solution for bovine brain fixation - CAUTION, formalin is a toxic chemical substance and must be handled with care; specific regulations may also apply (see for instance US OSHA Standard 1910.1048 App A)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Plastic container for anatomical parts</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Cilindrical plastic container with lid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Glass spheres</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>3mm diameter spheres of Flint glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Agar</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>30 g, for phantom preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Glycerine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">AEFFE Farmaceutici</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A908005248</td>
			<td>100 g, for phantom preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Distilled water</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Solbat Gaysol</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8027391000015</td>
			<td>870 g, for phantom preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Beaker</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Beaker used for the diluition of glycerine and agar in distilled water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Lysoform</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Lever</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8000680500014</td>
			<td>A benzalkonium chloride and water solution was used for the agar phantom preservation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Polystyrene mannequin head</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Polyestirene model which was cutted and used to design the configuration of spheres&#39;patterns</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Green tissue marking dye for histology</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Colour used to mark the glass spheres&#39; positions on the bovine brain surface</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Yellow enamel</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Enamel used to colour the glass spheres implanted in the agar phantom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Water tank</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>50x50x30 cm plastic tank filled degassed water up to a 15cm height&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Mechanical arm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Esaote s.p.a.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Mechanical arm clamped to the water tank border and used to held the probe in fixed positions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Plate of synthetic resin</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Plate used as a support for the bovine brain positioning in the water tank</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Sewing threads</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Sewing thread segments used to immobilize the brain on the resin plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Adhesive tape</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Adhesive tape used to fix the sewing thread extremities onto the resin plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Plastic food container</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Sealed food container used for the agar phantom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Notebook</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Lenovo</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Z50-70</td>
			<td>Lenovo&#160; Z50-70, Intel(R) Core i7-4510U @ 2.0 GHz, 8 GB RAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Workstation</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dell Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">T5810</td>
			<td>Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1240v3 @ 3.40 GHz, 16 GB RAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">The MathWorks</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">R2013a</td>
			<td>Software tool, used for space transformation computation and 3D reconstruction from image planes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Paraview</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Kitware Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">v. 4.4.1</td>
			<td>Open-source software for 3D image processing and visualization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">NDI Toolbox - ToolTracker Utility</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">v. 4.007.007</td>
			<td>Software for marker position visualization and tracking in the NDI Polaris Vicra measurement volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">C++ data-logging software</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">v. 4.007.007</td>
			<td>Software for marker position recording on a text log file</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">ULA-OP software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">University of Florence</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Software for real-time display and control of the ULA-OP system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an experimental protocol for assessing the performance of new ultrasound probes based on cmut technology in application to brain imaging

イメージング性能の再現性の初期評価を行う可能性はデザインの基礎、開発プロセス (米国) 新しい超音波のプローブします。特に、アプリケーション固有イメージ ターゲットとより現実的な解析は、アプリケーションの潜在的な臨床分野において米国プローブの予想性能を評価するために非常に貴重なことができます。
この作品で提示された実験的プロトコルはアプリケーション固有の評価手順の開発私たちを提供するために設計意図的に関連する容量型マイクロ超音波探触子 (による CMUT) 技術に基づくプロトタイプをプローブ脳イメージング。
プロトコルは、リアリズムと記載されている手順・脳神経から借りたニューロナビゲーション技術は再現性を保証するイメージングのターゲットとして、ホルマリン固定ウシ脳の使用を組み合わせたものです。米国の調査は追跡システムの位置データを取得でき、脳の磁気共鳴 (MR) 画像を参照する米国画像の重ね合わせが動きに実際に接続されます。これは人間の専門家がパフォーマンスをイメージング米国プローブの視覚的質的評価を実行する異なるプローブを使った買収を比較するための手段を提供します。さらに、このプロトコルは、米国画像集録、すなわち完成して開く研究開発システムの利用に関する超音波高度なオープン プラットフォーム (ULA OP) スキャナー。
原稿は、器具の調整、画像の取得および米国および MR 画像の登録プロトコルでは、特に関連する手続の詳細について説明します。得られた結果は、完全再現 (関与の計測範囲) 内で開く、米国画像の獲得そして処理の活動の全体のセットをカバーする示される、全体的なプロトコルの有効性を証明します。

2 D の効果的かつ再現性の評価手法の実験的検証であり、私たちの 3 D イメージング機能プローブによる CMUT 技術、脳に将来のアプリケーションに基づいてプロトタイプ説明プロトコル経由での主な成果イメージング。記述されていたプロトコルのすべての手順を実装した後専門家を適用できます可視化ソフトウェア機能 (無料オリエンテーションのスライスなど</em...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging at JoVE.com

An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging

容量型マイクロ超音波探触子 (による CMUT) 技術に基づく新しいの (米国) 超音波プローブの開発には、画像処理機能の初期の現実的な評価が必要です。イメージングのターゲットとして前のヴィヴォウシ脳を使用して米国画像の獲得および磁気共鳴画像との比較のため再現性のある実験的プロトコルについて述べる。

脳イメージングへの応用による CMUT 技術に基づく新しい超音波プローブの性能を評価するための実験プロトコル

The possibility to perform an early and repeatable assessment of imaging performance is fundamental in the design and development process of new ...

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10.3K ビュー.  University of Pavia. 容量型マイクロ超音波探触子 (による CMUT) 技術に基づく新しいの (米国) 超音波プローブの開発には、画像処理機能の初期の現実的な評価が必要です。イメージングのターゲットとして前のヴィヴォウシ脳を使用して米国画像の獲得および磁気共鳴画像との比較のため再現性のある実験的プロトコルについて述べる。