Name: extraction of ramie fiber in alkali hydrogen peroxide system supported by controlled-release alkali source
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extraction of Ramie Fiber in Alkali Hydrogen Peroxide System Supported by Controlled-release Alkali Source at JoVE.com

この仕事に支えられ、計上積立中国農業研究システムの技術革新事業 (許可番号 ASTIP IBFC07)、中国農業科学アカデミーのと葉繊維作物 (許可番号車 19) 靱皮技術革新基金東華大学大学院生 (許可番号 16 D 310107)、'小平科学技術イノベーション チーム' (工業化統合靱皮繊維生物精錬の R & D グループ)、中国公費。

1. 酸化精錬ラミーの
<ol><li>
酸化精錬ソリューションを準備します。
	<ol>
<li>2 g H2O2、1 g アルカリ (Mg(OH)2と水酸化ナトリウムの混合物)、0.4 g ナトリウム5P3O10、0.1 g アントラキノン、0.2 g によるソリューションにするため 100 ml の蒸留水の中に溶解します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
酸化精錬ラミーの
	<ol>
<li>10 g 生ラミーによるソリューションの下 85 ° C, 60 分、それを磨きます。</li>
		<li>(0.6 kg の圧力) の 125 ° C に温度を上げるし、さらに 60 分の洗掘します。 注: は、温度上昇の説明についてを参照してください。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
麻繊維を削減
	<ol>
<li>0.4 g NaHSO3削減ソリューションを準備する水を 100 mL の蒸留水に溶解します。その後、90 ° C, 60 分で低減ソリューションの degummed 繊維を扱います。 注: カルボキシル基と酸化反応で生成されたセルロースのアルデヒド グループ水素結合の減少を引き起こす、従って繊維の財産への損害します。カルボキシル基を変換することによって、繊維の特性を向上でき、アルデヒド グループはヒドロキシル グループに戻る。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
フォロー アップ治療
	<ol>
<li>脱イオン水で徹底的にガム ラミー繊維を洗います。</li>
		<li>90 ° C で 15 分間のオイルによる繊維の 4 h 用オーブン (125 ° C) の繊維を乾燥します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 精練のソリューション プロパティのテスト
<ol><li>
Mg(OH)2の溶解テスト
	<ol>
<li>2 g Mg(OH)2 100 ml の蒸留水に溶解します。</li>
		<li>別に、2 g Mg(OH)2 0.4 g ナトリウム5P3O10 0.2 g HEDP など完全に水溶性の精練添加剤で 100 mL の溶液を溶解します。</li>
		<li>手順 2.2.1 と 2.2.2 に 85 ° C で説明するソリューションの温度を上げる</li>
		<li>焼結ディスクと不溶の Mg(OH)2を抽出します。</li>
		<li>Mg(OH)2の溶解度を次の数式によって計算します。 <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq2.jpg"> 注: ここでm (g) は不溶の Mg(OH)2の重量です。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Ph、ORP 値によるソリューションの残留 H2O2コンテンツの Mg(OH)2の置換率の影響 注: ORP12,19は、重要な水の化学パラメーターと周囲の水の酸化または還元能力の測定ツールを提供します。強力な酸化特性を持つソリューションより高い ORP 値であります。Mg(OH)2の置換率は、総アルカリ量 (生地の重量) の 10% の下で Mg(OH)2に置き換えられ NaOH のモル割合を指します。<ol>
<li>それぞれ Mg(OH)2置換率 0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、および 1.1 のステップによると 100% によるソリューションを準備します。</li>
		<li>2.2.1 の手順によるソリューションで生麻を浸します。</li>
		<li>ステップ 1.2 によると精練プロセスを開始します。</li>
		<li>蒸留水と組み合わせた ORP 電極を洗浄し、空気で乾燥します。没頭する ORP 値すべて 10 分浸 pH 値 10 分毎の読み取りによる溶液中の pH 電極メーターの読み取りによるソリューションの組み合わせた ORP 電極メーター。</li>
		<li>22216 2008 年7によると、中国の標準 GB KMnO4滴定法による精練ソリューション 10 分毎の H2O2コンテンツをテストします。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 麻繊維プロパティのテスト
<ol><li>
精錬の収量
	<ol>
<li>次の方程式を使って精錬の収率を計算します。 <img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq3.jpg"> 注: ここでw (g) は繊維の乾燥重量から精錬;W (g) 精錬前に麻の乾燥重量であります。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
繊維の残留歯茎 注: 繊維の残留歯茎は中国標準 5889-86 によるとテストされています。<ol>
<li>計量ボトルの繊維 (約 5 g) の乾燥重量を測定し、150 mL の NaOH 溶液 (20 g/L) を含む (還流凝縮管) をフラスコに没頭します。</li>
		<li>100 ° C に温度を上げるし、1 時間この温度で保ちます。</li>
		<li>NaOH 溶液を更新します。</li>
		<li>100 ° C に温度を上げるし、2 時間維持します。</li>
		<li>サンプルふるいで繊維を洗います。</li>
		<li>瓶の重さで繊維の乾燥重量を測定します。</li>
		<li>次の方程式を使用して繊維の残留の歯茎を計算します。 <img alt="Equation 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq4.jpg"> 注: ここで m (g) は繊維の乾燥重量です。M (g) NaOH を精練後麻の乾燥重量であります。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
PD 試験 注: は、5888 8615中国の標準 GB によると麻繊維の PD 値をテストします。<ol>
<li>2:1 (v/v) ベンゼン、エチル ・ アルコール混合物で沈没によってラミー繊維を脱脂します。</li>
		<li>室温での空気中の溶剤を蒸発させます。</li>
		<li>短いサンプルを切る (1-2 mm、20 〜 23 について各サンプルの mg) はさみを使用して。</li>
		<li>サンプルをおいて制御湿度雰囲気 (20 ± 2 ° C、相対湿度 = 65 ± 2%) テストの目的のために必要な材料を削除する前に水分平衡に達するまでの計量容器で。</li>
		<li>98% 無水エチレンジアミン続いて濃硝酸に銅ワイヤ (直径 0.5 mm) を浸し。蒸留水で十分に銅顆粒を洗います。</li>
		<li>(上) でペットボトルで繊維サンプルと銅顆粒を入れてください。</li>
		<li>プラスチック製のボトルに 10 ml の蒸留水と 10 mL 1 mol/L cupriethylenediamine ソリューションを加え、0.2 g/100 mL (約) ラミー繊維 cupriethylenediamine ソリューションを準備する電磁攪拌棒を使用してかき混ぜます。</li>
		<li>6.5 mL ラミー繊維 cupriethylenediamine ソリューションをその固有粘度を測定するウベローデ粘度計に転送します。相対粘度を以下の式で計算します。 <img alt="Equation 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq5.jpg"> 注: ここでは ηrは相対粘度、t (s) はウベローデ粘度計と t0 を流れる麻繊維 cupriethylenediamine ソリューションの平均時間 (秒) を流れる 0.5 mol/L cupriethylenediamine ソリューションの平均時間は、ウベローデ粘度計。</li>
		<li>次の方程式で麻繊維の PD 値を計算します。 <img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq6.jpg"> 注: ここで [η]' は、固有粘度 [η] × C 値は中国標準 GB 5888-86、および C 内のテーブルから取得できます ' 麻繊維 cupriethylenediamine 溶液の濃度は。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
繊維の密度
	<ol>
<li>次の方程式を使用して繊維の密度を計算します。 <img alt="Equation 7" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq7.jpg"> 注: ここで Lcは切断長さ (40 mm)、繊維、数、 nは、繊維の重量グラム (g) であります。繊維の密度は、ラミー (12%) の公式を取り戻す下 1,000 m の長繊維の重量を指します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
機械的特性試験
	<ol>
<li>標準大気状態で繊維サンプルを平衡 (T = 20 ± 2 ° C、相対湿度 = 65% ± 2%) 24 時間。</li>
		<li>粘り強さ、破断伸び、20 ° C、65 %rh と 0.3 cN/dtex の前の緊張の次の設定の下で繊維強度計測器を用いたファイバーの破断の仕事をテストします。20 mm と 20 mm/分7,15下部クランプの降下速度でクランプの距離を設定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
による排水の COD 値
	<ol>
<li>15456 2008 '工業循環冷却水-タラ カリウム過マンガン酸法による'7,15中国標準 GB/T によるとによる排水の COD をテストします。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
X 線回折試験
	<ol>
<li>X 線回折法を用いた繊維の結晶化度を取得します。レコード XRD パターン 2 θ = グラファイト単色光分光器と λ で Cu k α 放射搭載回折装置付き 5-60 ° = 0.154 nm (40 kV、200 mA)。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
FTIR 分析
	<ol>
<li>FTIR 分光器を用いた繊維状を取得します。30 分、スキャン時間を設定範囲 4,000 400 cm-1分解能 8 cm-1で。FT-IR を用いた処理繊維化学の機能グループを決定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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著者が明らかに何もありません。

Mg(OH)2置換率と反応温度の設定は、このプロトコルの重要なポイントだった。Mg(OH)2置換率は pH 値およびこうしてによるソリューションの酸化能力に影響を与えます。麻の精練の最高 Mg(OH)2置換率は 20%、セルロースは 20% 以下の置換率の下で十分な保護を受け取ることができませんので繊維残留歯茎 (低 DP 値と結晶性) の過剰な量を保持するだろう20% (図 ...

ラミー、通称 '中国の草は多年生草本が繊維は繊維業界1,2のための優れた材料として使用できます。中国原産の主な経済作物の一つです。中国の麻の生産は、世界1,2の合計収穫の 90% 以上を占めています。ラミー繊維は、光沢のある絹のようなほぼ外観3,4最強と最長の植物繊維の一つです。麻の繊維長が長いため、単一繊維の紡績は、靭皮繊維ではめったに見には向いて。麻の繊維から作られた繊維は、涼しさ、抗菌、優れた熱伝導性、換気など3,4など、多くの優れた特性を所有しています。
ラミー麻繊維の主成分であるセルロースと歯茎の5,6ラミー、ペクチン、リグニン、水可溶性物質などの他のコンポーネントが定義されています。ラミー繊維は、溶解精錬5,6として定義されたプロセスでの化学試薬を含む溶液で歯茎で抽出できます。麻繊維抽出の主に 2 つのアプローチがあります: 化学精錬とバイオ精錬します。エネルギー消費、時間消費とタラの伝統的な化学精錬による排水の値はかなり高い、6 に 8 h78,の高圧下で濃水酸化ナトリウムの原料の苧麻を精練してセルロースとして繊維が抽出され.また、バイオ精錬はラミー繊維抽出のため環境にやさしいオプションです。それにもかかわらず、過酷な反応条件および洗練された機器は、その産業応用さらに9,10を抑制します。したがって、貴重なを示すアルカリ過酸化水素酸化精錬、による時間の短縮と低い精練温度11,12焦点をそれのために別のアプリケーションが必要です。ただし、ため、過酸化物の強力な酸化能力、実質的なセルロース分解、繊維特性13,14に大きな被害を引き起こすことができるによる処理中に発生します。これは、ラミーのアルカリ過酸化水素酸化精錬の最大の欠点です。
以前の研究でラミー繊維は、水酸化ナトリウム15でのみサポートされているアルカリ過酸化水素システムで抽出しました。ただし、水酸化ナトリウムの強いアルカリ性による過酸化水素の酸化反応速度はコントロールすることは困難だった、従って処理繊維7に大きな被害をもたらした。麻の繊維の特性を向上させるため、本研究では水酸化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムから成る、制御リリース アルカリ ソースを使用し、アルカリ条件を提供アルカリ過酸化水素システム16の pH 値をバッファー,17。
この技術の後ろの理論的根拠は次のように記述できます。水酸化マグネシウムは水に微溶、オハイオ州-の消費量によるソリューションに徐々 に溶解し、pH 値とこのように酸化力によるソリューションの適切な範囲18の維持します。水酸化マグネシウムの置換率 (SR) は水酸化ナトリウム 10%、総アルカリ量の下で水酸化マグネシウムに置き換えのモルの比率で定義され、置換率は以下の式で計算できます。さらに、Mg2 +では、酸化19,20を超えるによるセルロース分解防ぐことができます。
<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/56461/56461eq1.jpg">
ここでは、M2 (g) Mg(OH)2の重量 M1 (g) は水酸化ナトリウムの重量、40 は水酸化ナトリウムの分子量、58、Mg(OH)2の分子量、2、Mg(OH)2、労働安全衛生の数あり、SR は置換率。
このプロトコルの技術は、抽出、漂白剤、アルカリ過酸化水素システムで植物材料の変更して拡張できます。しかし、アルカリ過酸化水素システムの pH 値と反応温度の選択がこの技術の21のためのキーであるが注意する必要があります。アルカリ過酸化水素システムの pH 値は、置換率17を変更することによって調整できます。PH 値および従ってアルカリ過酸化水素系の酸化能力は、置換率の増加に伴い減少します。反応温度は 85 ° C で設定されて、フリーラジカル反応システムの主要な役割を果たしているし、システムの強力な酸化溶解材料に適しています125 ° C で反応温度を設定すると、フリーラジカルの反応は抑制され、19を漂白に適したシステムをシステムに存在する大量のホー。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide, 30%</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>H325-100</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium hydroxide, 99%</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AA1236722</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S318-1</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium bisulfite</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S654-500</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium tripolyphosphate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AC218675000</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Anthraquinone, &gt;98%</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AC104930500</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>50-901-10243</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Degumming oil</td><td>Minglong auxiliaries limited liability company, Yiyang, Hunan,China</td><td>&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;</td><td>Chemical for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl alcohol</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A962-4</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Benzene</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AA43817AE</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Copper wire,0.5mm (0.02in) dia</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AA10783H4</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Cupriethylenediamine solution 1mol/L</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>24991</td><td>Chemical for testing, caution toxic</td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid (65% ~68% )</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A200-612GAL</td><td>Chemical for testing, caution</td></tr><tr><td>Ethylenediamine</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AC118420100</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium permanganate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P279-500</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Sulphuric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A300C-212</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Silver sulfate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S190-25</td><td>Chemical for testing</td></tr><tr><td>Raw ramie</td><td>Guangyuan limited liability company, Changde, Hunan,China</td><td>&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;</td><td>Raw materials</td></tr><tr><td>Electric-heated&amp;nbsp;thermostatic&amp;nbsp;water&amp;nbsp;bath</td><td>Senxin Experiment equipment limited liability company,Shanghai,China</td><td>DK-S28</td><td>Equipments for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>High temperature lbaorator dyeing machine</td><td>Shanghai Longda chemcials Crop.</td><td>RY-1261</td><td>Equipments for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Thermometer</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>100 &amp;deg;C</td><td>Equipments for degumming</td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum suction machine</td><td>Yukang KNET ,Shanghai,China</td><td>SHB-IIIA</td><td>Equipments for testing Mg(OH)2 solublity</td></tr><tr><td>Suction flask</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>1000mL</td><td>Equipments for testing Mg(OH)2 solublity</td></tr><tr><td>Sand-core funnels</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>35mL</td><td>Equipments for testing Mg(OH)2 solublity</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidation reduction potential meter</td><td>Dapu instrument, Shanghai, China</td><td>MODEL 421</td><td>Equipments for testing ORP value</td></tr><tr><td>pH meter</td><td>Hanna instruments,Beijing,China</td><td>HI 98129</td><td>Equipments for testing pH value</td></tr><tr><td>Acid burette</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>50mL</td><td>Equipments for testing H2O2 content</td></tr><tr><td>Flask</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>250 mL/500 mL</td><td>Equipments for testing H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; content;&amp;nbsp; residual gums content</td></tr><tr><td>Electric furnace</td><td>Jiangyi Experiment instruments limited liability company,Shanghai,China</td><td>800-2000W</td><td>Equipments for testing residual gums content</td></tr><tr><td>Reflux condensing tube</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>250mL</td><td>Equipments for testing residual gums content; COD value</td></tr><tr><td>Fiber cutter (40mm)</td><td>Changzhou No.2 Textile Machine Co.,Ltd</td><td>Y171A</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber density</td></tr><tr><td>Ostwald viscometer</td><td>Taizhou, jiaojiang, glass instruments company</td><td>0.6mm</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber PD value</td></tr><tr><td>Spherical fat extractor</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>250mL</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber PD value</td></tr><tr><td>Soxhlet extractor</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>250mL</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber PD value</td></tr><tr><td>Torsion&amp;nbsp;balance</td><td>Liangping instrucments Co.,Ltd,Shanghai, China</td><td>JN-B</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber density</td></tr><tr><td>Fiber strength instrument</td><td>Xinxian instruments, shanghai,China</td><td>XQ-2</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber tensile property</td></tr><tr><td>Tension clamp</td><td>Depu textile technology Co.,Ltd, Changzhou, jiangsu, China</td><td>0.3cN/dtex</td><td>Equipments for testing fiber tensile property</td></tr><tr><td>COD&amp;nbsp;thermostatic&amp;nbsp;heater</td><td>Qiangdao Xuyu environment protection technology Lit company</td><td>DL-801A</td><td>Equipments for testing COD value</td></tr><tr><td>FTIR</td><td>Thermo Fisher, America</td><td>Nicolet</td><td>FTIR analysis</td></tr><tr><td>XRD</td><td>Rigaku, Japan</td><td>D/max-2550 PC</td><td>XRD analysis</td></tr><tr><td>Electronic balance</td><td>Shanghai jingtian Electronic instrument Co.,Ltd</td><td>FA2004A</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Drying oven</td><td>Tonglixinda&amp;nbsp; instruments, Tianjin,China</td><td>101-2AS</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Weighing bottle</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>50x30</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Beaker</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>500mL</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Sample sieve</td><td>Xiaojin hardware instruments Co.,Ltd, Shangyu, Zhejiang</td><td>120 mesh</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Glass rod</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Cylinder</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>250mL, 50mL</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Pipette</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>5mL, 10mL</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Rubber&amp;nbsp;suction&amp;nbsp;bulb</td><td>Sichuan Shubo (group)Co.,Ltd</td><td>&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;</td><td>Generral equipments</td></tr><tr><td>Orign</td><td>OriginLab</td><td>8.0</td><td>Software for figure drawing</td></tr></tbody></table>

extraction of ramie fiber in alkali hydrogen peroxide system supported by controlled-release alkali source

このプロトコルは、基肥アルカリ ソースによってサポートされるアルカリ過酸化水素システムで生麻を精練することで麻繊維抽出メソッドを示します。ラミーから抽出した繊維は、非常に重要な繊維原料の種類です。以前の研究でラミー繊維は水酸化ナトリウムでのみサポートされているアルカリ過酸化水素システムで抽出しました。ただし、水酸化ナトリウムの強いアルカリ性による過酸化水素の酸化反応速度は制御が困難だった、従って処理繊維に大きな被害をもたらした。このプロトコルでは水酸化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムから成る、制御リリース アルカリ ソースを使用アルカリ条件、アルカリ水素 peroxidesystem の pH 値をバッファーします。水酸化マグネシウムの置換率過酸化水素システムの pH 値を調整することができ、繊維特性に大きな影響があります。Ph およびアルカリ過酸化水素系の酸化能力を表し、酸化還元ポテンシャル (ORP) 値は、それぞれ pH 計および ORP 計を使用して監視されました。繊維抽出後の排水の化学的酸素要求 (量 COD) の値および抽出処理中にアルカリ過酸化水素システムの残留過酸化水素含量は KMnO4滴定法によってテストされます。高精度電子天秤を用いて繊維の収量と化学分析法による繊維の残留歯茎がテストされます。ウベローデ粘度計を用いた固有粘度法による繊維の重合度 (PD 値) がテストされます。粘り強さ、伸び、破断など繊維の引張特性は繊維強度の計測器を使用して測定します。フーリエ変換赤外分光、x 線回折が機能グループと繊維の結晶特性を特徴付けるために使用されます。このプロトコル制御リリース アルカリ ソースがアルカリ過酸化水素システムで抽出した繊維の特性を改善できることを証明しています。

蒸留水と精練溶液中 Mg(OH)2の溶解度を調べた (図 1)。Ph と ORP 値 (図 2) によるソリューションの Mg(OH)2置換率の影響を調べた。による収量とガム2置換率がさまざまな Mg(OH) の下で繊維の残留の歯茎は、(図 3) を計算します。DP 値、結晶性、繊維 (図 4) の引張...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extraction of Ramie Fiber in Alkali Hydrogen Peroxide System Supported by Controlled-release Alkali Source at JoVE.com

Extraction of Ramie Fiber in Alkali Hydrogen Peroxide System Supported by Controlled-release Alkali Source

アルカリ過酸化水素システム制御リリース アルカリ ソースによってサポートされるラミー繊維の抽出

アルカリ過酸化水素システム制御リリース アルカリ ソースによってサポートされるラミー繊維の抽出のためのプロトコルは、ここで紹介します。

This protocol demonstrates a method for ramie fiber extraction by scouring raw ramie in an alkali hydrogen peroxide system supported by a ...

extraction-ramie-fiber-alkali-hydrogen-peroxide-system-supported

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

11.3K ビュー.  Donghua University. アルカリ過酸化水素システム制御リリース アルカリ ソースによってサポートされるラミー繊維の抽出のためのプロトコルは、ここで紹介します。

ビデオ: Extraction of Ramie Fiber in Alkali Hydrogen Peroxide System Supported by Controlled-release Alkali Source

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

To evaluate and develop methodologies for the extraction of gel-forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was extracted using six different methods (centrifugation, sonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formamide with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), formaldehyde with NaOH and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with heat and constant mixing). AGS was collected from a pilot wastewater treatment reactor. The ionic gel-forming property of the extracted EPS of the six different extraction methods was tested with calcium ions (Ca2+). From the six extraction methods used, only the Na2CO3 extraction could solubilize the hydrogel matrix of AGS. The alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALE) recovered with this method formed ionic gel beads with Ca2+. The Ca2+-ALE beads were stable in EDTA, formamide with NaOH and formaldehyde with NaOH, indicating that ALE are one part of the structural polymers in EPS. It is recommended to use an extraction method that combines physical and chemical treatment to solubilize AGS and extract structural EPS.

The protocol provides a methodology to solubilize aerobic granular sludge in order to extract alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALE).

好気性グラニュール汚泥からの構造細胞外高分子物質の抽出

To evaluate and develop methodologies for the extraction of gel-forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) ...

環境学

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

Nanoparticles, as one of the key materials in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, have gained significant importance during the past decade. While metal-based nanoparticles are associated with synthetic and environmental hassles, cellulose introduces a green, sustainable alternative for nanoparticle synthesis. Here, we present the chemical synthesis and separation procedures to produce new classes of hairy nanoparticles (bearing both amorphous and crystalline regions) and biopolymers based on wood fibers. Through periodate oxidation of soft wood pulp, the glucose ring of cellulose is opened at the C2-C3 bond to form 2,3-dialdehyde groups. Further heating of the partially oxidized fibers (e.g., T = 80 &#176;C) results in three products, namely fibrous oxidized cellulose, sterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (SNCC), and dissolved dialdehyde modified cellulose (DAMC), which are well separated by intermittent centrifugation and co-solvent addition. The partially oxidized fibers (without heating) were used as a highly reactive intermediate to react with chlorite for converting almost all aldehyde to carboxyl groups. Co-solvent precipitation and centrifugation resulted in electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (ENCC) and dicarboxylated cellulose (DCC). The aldehyde content of SNCC and consequently surface charge of ENCC (carboxyl content) were precisely controlled by controlling the periodate oxidation reaction time, resulting in highly stable nanoparticles bearing more than 7 mmol functional groups per gram of nanoparticles (e.g., as compared to conventional NCC bearing &#60;&#60; 1 mmol functional group/g). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attested to the rod-like morphology. Conductometric titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrokinetic-sonic-amplitude (ESA) and acoustic attenuation spectroscopy shed light on the superior properties of these nanomaterials.

Synthesis schemes to prepare highly stable wood fiber-based hairy nanoparticles and functional cellulose-based biopolymers have been detailed.

高安定、機能毛深いナノ粒子と木材繊維からバイオポリマー：持続可能なナノテクノロジーに向けて

Nanoparticles, as one of the key materials in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, have gained significant importance during the past decade. While ...

化学

A Novel Method for the Pentosan Analysis Present in Jute Biomass and Its Conversion into Sugar Monomers Using Acidic Ionic Liquid

Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) are used for biomass valorization into valuable chemicals because of their remarkable properties such as thermal stability, lower vapor pressure, non-flammability, higher heat capacity, and tunable solubility and acidity. Here, we demonstrate a method for the synthesis of C5 sugars (xylose and arabinose) from the pentosan present in jute biomass in a one-pot process by utilizing a catalytic amount of Br&#248;nsted acidic 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate IL. The acidic IL is synthesized in the lab and characterized using NMR spectroscopic techniques for understanding its purity. The various properties of BAIL are measured such as acid strength, thermal and hydrothermal stability, which showed that the catalyst is stable at a higher temperature (250 &#176;C) and possesses very high acid strength (Ho 1.57). The acidic IL converts over 90% of pentosan into sugars and furfural. Hence, the presenting method in this study can also be employed for the evaluation of pentosan concentration in other kinds of lignocellulosic biomass.

We present a protocol for the synthesis of C5 sugars (xylose and arabinose) from a renewable non-edible lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., jute) with the presence of Br&#248;nsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) as the catalyst in water. The BAILs catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance than conventional mineral acid catalysts (H2SO4 and HCl).

ペントサン解析手法ジュート バイオマスと酸性イオン液体を用いた糖モノマーへの変換に存在

Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) are used for biomass valorization into valuable chemicals because of their remarkable properties such as thermal stability, ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

マイクロ流体ドライ回転と再生絹フィブロイン繊維の特性

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Manufacturing Of Robust Natural Fiber Preforms Utilizing Bacterial Cellulose as Binder

A novel method of manufacturing rigid and robust natural fiber preforms is presented here. This method is based on a papermaking process, whereby loose and short sisal fibers are dispersed into a water suspension containing bacterial cellulose. The fiber and nanocellulose suspension is then filtered (using vacuum or gravity) and the wet filter cake pressed to squeeze out any excess water, followed by a drying step. This will result in the hornification of the bacterial cellulose network, holding the loose natural fibers together.
Our method is specially suited for the manufacturing of rigid and robust preforms of hydrophilic fibers. The porous and hydrophilic nature of such fibers results in significant water uptake, drawing in the bacterial cellulose dispersed in the suspension. The bacterial cellulose will then be filtered against the surface of these fibers, forming a bacterial cellulose coating. When the loose fiber-bacterial cellulose suspension is filtered and dried, the adjacent bacterial cellulose forms a network and hornified to hold the otherwise loose fibers together.
The introduction of bacterial cellulose into the preform resulted in a significant increase of the mechanical properties of the fiber preforms. This can be attributed to the high stiffness and strength of the bacterial cellulose network. With this preform, renewable high performance hierarchical composites can also be manufactured by using conventional composite production methods, such as resin film infusion (RFI) or resin transfer molding (RTM). Here, we also describe the manufacturing of renewable hierarchical composites using double bag vacuum assisted resin infusion.

We present a novel method of manufacturing rigid and robust short natural fiber preforms using a papermaking process. Bacterial cellulose acts simultaneously as the binder for the loose fibers and provides rigidity to the fiber preforms. These preforms can be infused with a resin to produce truly green hierarchical composites.

バインダーとしてのバクテリアセルロースを利用堅牢な天然繊維プリフォームの製造

A novel method of manufacturing rigid and robust natural fiber preforms is presented here. This method is based on a papermaking process, whereby loose ...

生物工学

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material that can be subsequently treated by dip coating. Dip coating with a sol preparation provides a supported porous layer on the fabric. In this case, the porous layer is a porphyrin functionalized sorbent system based on a powdered material that has been demonstrated previously for the capture and conversion of phosgene. A representative coating is applied to cotton fabric at a loading level of 10 mg/g. This coating has minimal impact on water vapor transport through the fabric (93% of the support fabric rate) while significantly reducing transport of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) through the material (7% of support fabric rate). The described approaches are suitable for use with other fabrics providing amine and hydroxyl groups for modification and can be used in combination with other sol preparations to produce varying functionality.

This report details a microwave-initiated approach for deposition of porphyrin functionalized porous organosilicate sorbents on a cotton fabric and demonstrates reduction in 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) transport through the fabric resulting from this treatment.

ファブリックのサポートに多孔質吸着剤の成

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

高 β-O-4 コンテンツによるリグニンの抽出軽度エタノール抽出と脱重合の収量に及ぼす影響

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

Reactive Inkjet Printing and Propulsion Analysis of Silk-based Self-propelled Micro-stirrers

In this study, a protocol for using reactive inkjet printing to fabricate enzymatically propelled silk swimmers with well-defined shapes is reported. The resulting devices are an example of self-propelled objects capable of generating motion without external actuation and have potential applications in medicine and environmental sciences for a variety of purposes ranging from micro-stirring, targeted therapeutic delivery, to water remediation (e.g., cleaning oil spills). This method employs reactive inkjet printing to generate well-defined small-scale solid silk structures by converting water soluble regenerated silk fibroin (silk I) to insoluble silk fibroin (silk II). These structures are also selectively doped in specific regions with the enzyme catalase in order to produce motion via bubble generation and detachment. The number of layers printed determines the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the device, and so here the effect of this parameter on the propulsive trajectories is reported. The results demonstrate the ability to tune the motion by varying the dimensions of the printed structures.

This protocol demonstrates the ability to utilize reactive inkjet printing to print self-motile biocompatible and environmentally friendly micro-stirrers for use in biomedical and environmental applications.

シルクベース自走式マイクロスターラーの反応性インクジェット印刷と推進力解析

In this study, a protocol for using reactive inkjet printing to fabricate enzymatically propelled silk swimmers with well-defined shapes is reported. The ...

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

While various smart materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), their ultimate clinical use has been hampered by the lack of biologically-relevant degradation observed for most smart materials. This is particularly true for temperature-responsive hydrogels, which are almost uniformly based on polymers that are functionally non-degradable (e.g., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) or poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA)). As such, to effectively translate the potential of thermoresponsive hydrogels to the challenges of remote-controlled or metabolism-regulated drug delivery, cell scaffolds with tunable cell-material interactions, theranostic materials with the potential for both imaging and drug delivery, and other such applications, a method is required to render the hydrogels (if not fully degradable) at least capable of renal clearance following the required lifetime of the material. To that end, this protocol describes the preparation of hydrolytically-degradable hydrazone-crosslinked hydrogels on multiple length scales based on the reaction between hydrazide and aldehyde-functionalized PNIPAM or POEGMA oligomers with molecular weights below the renal filtration limit. Specifically, methods to fabricate degradable thermoresponsive bulk hydrogels (using a double barrel syringe technique), hydrogel particles (on both the microscale through the use of a microfluidics platform facilitating simultaneous mixing and emulsification of the precursor polymers and the nanoscale through the use of a thermally-driven self-assembly and cross-linking method), and hydrogel nanofibers (using a reactive electrospinning strategy) are described. In each case, hydrogels with temperature-responsive properties similar to those achieved via conventional free radical cross-linking processes can be achieved, but the hydrazone cross-linked network can be degraded over time to re-form the oligomeric precursor polymers and enable clearance. As such, we anticipate these methods (which may be generically applied to any synthetic water-soluble polymer, not just smart materials) will enable easier translation of synthetic smart materials to clinical applications.

Protocols are described for the fabrication of degradable thermoresponsive hydrogels based on hydrazone cross-linking of polymeric oligomers on the bulk scale, microscale, and nanoscale, the latter for preparation of both gel nanoparticles and nanofibers.

自己組織化反応押出、マイクロフルイディクス, 経由で複数の長さスケールでの分解性感温ハイドロゲルを加工・ エレクトロスピニング

While various smart materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), ...

Gracilaria gracilisの利用:持続可能なイノベーションのための生物活性の可能性

Valorization of the Red Seaweed Gracilaria gracilis Through a Biorefinery Approach

The interest in seaweeds as an abundant feedstock to obtain valuable and multitarget bioactive ingredients is continuously growing. In this work, we explore the potential of Gracilaria gracilis, an edible red seaweed cultivated worldwide for its commercial interest as a source of agar and other ingredients for cosmetic, pharmacological, food, and feed applications.
G. gracilis growth conditions were optimized through vegetative propagation and sporulation while manipulating the physicochemical conditions to achieve a large biomass stock. Green extraction methodologies with ethanol and water were performed over the seaweed biomass. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed through a set of in vitro assays concerning their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, dried seaweed biomass was incorporated into pasta formulations to increase food&#39;s nutritional value. Pigments extracted from G. gracilis have also been incorporated into yogurt as a natural colorant, and their stability was evaluated. Both products were submitted to the appreciation of a semi-trained sensorial panel aiming to achieve the best final formulation before reaching the market.
Results support the versatility of G. gracilis whether it is applied as a whole biomass, extracts and/or pigments. Through implementing several optimized protocols, this work allows the development of products with the potential to profit the food, cosmetic, and aquaculture markets, promoting environmental sustainability and a blue circular economy.
Moreover, and in line with a biorefinery approach, the residual seaweed biomass will be used as biostimulant for plant growth or converted to carbon materials to be used in water purification of the in-house aquaculture systems of MARE-Polytechnic of Leiria, Portugal.

著者スポットライト:産業における持続可能なイノベーションのための海藻の生物活性化合物の探索 

Here, we describe several protocols aiming at an integrated valorization of Gracilaria gracilis: wild species harvesting, in-house growth, and extraction of bioactive ingredients. The extracts&#39; antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects are evaluated, along with the nutritional and stability assessment of food enriched with whole seaweed biomass and pigments.

バイオリファイナリーアプローチによる紅海藻 Gracilaria gracilis の価値化

The interest in seaweeds as an abundant feedstock to obtain valuable and multitarget bioactive ingredients is continuously growing. In this work, we ...

アルカリ過酸化水素システム制御リリースアルカリソースによってサポートされるラミー繊維の抽出

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この動画の章

好気性グラニュール汚泥からの構造細胞外高分子物質の抽出

高安定、機能毛深いナノ粒子と木材繊維からバイオポリマー：持続可能なナノテクノロジーに向けて

ペントサン解析手法ジュートバイオマスと酸性イオン液体を用いた糖モノマーへの変換に存在

マイクロ流体ドライ回転と再生絹フィブロイン繊維の特性

バインダーとしてのバクテリアセルロースを利用堅牢な天然繊維プリフォームの製造

ファブリックのサポートに多孔質吸着剤の成

高 β-O-4 コンテンツによるリグニンの抽出軽度エタノール抽出と脱重合の収量に及ぼす影響

シルクベース自走式マイクロスターラーの反応性インクジェット印刷と推進力解析

自己組織化反応押出、マイクロフルイディクス, 経由で複数の長さスケールでの分解性感温ハイドロゲルを加工・エレクトロスピニング

バイオリファイナリーアプローチによる紅海藻 Gracilaria gracilis の価値化

アルカリ過酸化水素システム制御リリース アルカリ ソースによってサポートされるラミー繊維の抽出

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

好気性グラニュール汚泥からの構造細胞外高分子物質の抽出

高安定、機能毛深いナノ粒子と木材繊維からバイオポリマー：持続可能なナノテクノロジーに向けて

ペントサン解析手法ジュート バイオマスと酸性イオン液体を用いた糖モノマーへの変換に存在

マイクロ流体ドライ回転と再生絹フィブロイン繊維の特性

バインダーとしてのバクテリアセルロースを利用堅牢な天然繊維プリフォームの製造

ファブリックのサポートに多孔質吸着剤の成

高 β-O-4 コンテンツによるリグニンの抽出軽度エタノール抽出と脱重合の収量に及ぼす影響

シルクベース自走式マイクロスターラーの反応性インクジェット印刷と推進力解析

自己組織化反応押出、マイクロフルイディクス, 経由で複数の長さスケールでの分解性感温ハイドロゲルを加工・ エレクトロスピニング

バイオリファイナリーアプローチによる紅海藻 Gracilaria gracilis の価値化

アルカリ過酸化水素システム制御リリースアルカリソースによってサポートされるラミー繊維の抽出

ペントサン解析手法ジュートバイオマスと酸性イオン液体を用いた糖モノマーへの変換に存在

自己組織化反応押出、マイクロフルイディクス, 経由で複数の長さスケールでの分解性感温ハイドロゲルを加工・エレクトロスピニング