この作品はによって、VA メリット レビュー #I01 BX000760 (RFK) アメリカ合衆国 (米国) からサポートされていた復員事務 BLR & Dこの仕事の内容は、ビューの米国政府の退役の米国部門を表しません。

すべての動物の研究は、動物介護制度とミネアポリス VA の医療センター、ミネソタ大学の使用委員会によって承認されました。用や実験動物の世話現在の国立衛生研究所のガイドラインに従ってください。
1. 休止状態の手術
<ol><li>動物の準備<ol>
<li>冬眠の心筋層、5 週間の古い、女性の使用、平均重量 9.2 kg で 8 〜 10 キロの範囲内の重量を量るヨークシャー豚のモデルを作成します。</li>
		<li>術前の状態が監視、手術前 3 日以内動物の重量を量る。</li>
		<li>12 h のための動物を麻酔を開始する前に高速です。水は空腹時の動物のすべての回で使用できることを確認します。</li>
		<li>手術前に SR ブプレノルフィン 0.18 mg/kg IM 24 h を与えます。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>誘導<ol>
<li>6.6 mg/kg チレタミン チレタミンとキシラジン カクテル筋肉に与えられた動物を落ち着いた。薬のための 5 〜 15 分許可有効にするカクテル。</li>
		<li>IV カテーテル留置の 70% イソプロピル アルコールを 3 回を拭くことによって無菌耳静脈を準備します。 注: 耳静脈が適切でない場合別末梢静脈があります (すなわち頭部) を使用します。</li>
		<li>角膜の乾燥を防ぐために両方の目に眼軟膏を適用されます。</li>
		<li>必要に応じて、プロポ フォール IV の 1-2 mg/kg を投与することによって麻酔または気管挿管を可能にする 3 L/分の酸素および 3% イソフルランとマスクします。 注: 瞬目反射または顎トーンが存在しない場合は、動物を適切に麻酔と見なされます。</li>
		<li>動物の適切なサイズの気管内チューブを挿管します。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>手術<ol>
<li>動物を麻酔すると、一度の手術を左胸部領域を剃る。</li>
		<li>1-4 L/分、イソフルラン麻酔外科平面を維持するために必要に応じて 3.0% と 1.0 の間で分セット酸素あたり 10-15 呼吸で換気を開始します。</li>
		<li>動物の監視装置を配置します。監視装置は心電図、血圧、温度、およびパルスオキシ メーターを含める必要があります。</li>
		<li>IV カテーテルを 5-10 mL/kg の割合で 0.9% 食塩を点滴に接続/h。</li>
		<li>無菌手術時手洗い法、FDA と左胸部を準備します。</li>
		<li>深さを評価麻酔 5-15 分ごとに記録基準のバイタル サイン (心拍数、心電図、SpO2NIBP、ETCO2と温度) 15 分毎。 注: 瞬目反射または顎トーンが存在しない場合は、動物を適切に麻酔と見なされます。</li>
		<li>動物の右側を下に置くことと場所滅菌の滅菌フィールドの第 3 肋骨領域を中心とした肩甲骨を背骨から胸の左側にあるをカーテンします。 注: 滅菌フィールドには継続 6 リブ スペースに胸骨頭側腋窩領域を含む左フロントのショルダーが含まれます。</li>
		<li>グルコン酸クロルヘキシジンなど FDA 承認された手術法や、ヨウ素手術時手洗い法を 2 分間ターゲット パターンを使用してフィールドをやさしくスクラブします。</li>
		<li>リンス水でフィールドし 2 分すすぎ洗浄の間に水と手術野の上として FDA 承認された方法で 2 回以上洗って滅菌タオルまたは 4 × 4 cm ガーゼでふきます。</li>
		<li>ヨウ素溶液をスプレー領域と滅菌ドレープと (手術野) を除く全体の動物をドレープします。楽器、ガウン、およびプロシージャのカーテンを滅菌するのに滅菌蒸気やガス滅菌を使用します。</li>
		<li>第 2、第 3、第 4 肋骨 0.5 %bupivicaine の 0.3 mL を使用して肋間の神経ブロックを管理します。</li>
		<li>胸を開く前にセファゾリン IV の 125 mg を与えます。 注: サッキニルコリン 1.5 mg/kg IV は胸腔内のオープン時に外科医の要求あたりの筋肉の動きを抑える麻痺剤として与えられる場合があります。</li>
		<li>左開胸による心臓を公開します。心の操作の前に 2 mg/kg IV 不整脈を防ぐためにリドカインの塊を与えます。モノポーラ電気焼灼で作る側の第 3 スペース開切開。切開を腋窩領域の約 10 cm です。 肌と胸の空洞にエントリを許可する基になる筋肉を切開する使用、焼灼する肩甲骨の頭蓋の側面から拡張する必要があります。</li>
		<li>Finochietto リブ リトラクターを配置し、肺を撤回する第 3 肋で胸膜腔を入力します。</li>
		<li>鋭く心膜を切開し、2-0 polyglactin 宿泊縫合糸を使用して、若者の動脈と静脈を公開する側に引き込みます。ガーゼに覆われたヘラ リトラクターと左心耳を撤回します。</li>
		<li>アイリスはさみを使用して、若者に外膜を開きます。</li>
		<li>ぶっきらぼうを解剖、若者と回旋動脈の接合部の遠位の若者動脈約 1 cm の約 0.25 cm 部分。若者を取り囲むように直角クランプを使用します。</li>
		<li>任意のテンションをかけることがなく 2 つ動脈周囲 4-0 ポリエステル縫合糸を配置します。</li>
		<li>場所容器遮蔽せず最初の対角線に近位の若者に 1.5 mm の内部の直径とプラスチック製 c 形収縮。</li>
		<li>若者を取り囲むポリエステルの関係 2 つの 4-0 で固定します。</li>
		<li>緩く簡単な中断パターンで 2-0 polyglactin 縫合糸を使用して膜を閉じます。</li>
		<li>肋間筋層が閉じている間に、胸から空気を除去する呼吸ホールドを実行します。水の 20-30 cm の適切な範囲内の圧力を維持し、完了時に解放する麻酔器の気道圧マノメータを注意深く監視します。 注: これは術後の期間で胸管の必要があります。</li>
		<li>2-0 および 3-0 吸収性縫合糸を使用して標準的な方法で筋肉と皮膚の層を閉じます。</li>
		<li>切開で皮膚縫合用の皮膚接着剤を使用します。</li>
		<li>1 mg/kg 筋肉内の手順の最後で切開の長さに沿って複数のサイトでブピバカインの総線量を管理します。メロキシカムを管理リカバリ領域をトランスポートの前に SQ の 0.2 mg を kg。</li>
		<li>皮膚層が閉じられますと、人工呼吸器を動物を引き離します。</li>
		<li>それは自発的に呼吸できるし、リターンを保護反射開始まで麻酔器に接続した動物を残します。</li>
		<li>動物は、その気道を保護するために飲み込むことができるまでは、気管内チューブを削除しないでください。</li>
		<li>切開トリプル抗生物質軟膏と滅菌、非付着性ドレッシングを適用します。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>手術後<ol>
<li>レコードの心拍数、呼吸数、体温、粘膜色 15 分毎、動物は、胸骨の位置に自力で保持するまで。</li>
		<li>放置しないでください、動物までそれを持ち上げて、頭を保持することができ、自力で立つことができます。</li>
		<li>メロキシカム (0.2 mg/kg) を皮下に与えます。</li>
		<li>徐放性ブプレノルフィン最初の術前投与の後 6 h を管理します。</li>
		<li>それは清潔で乾燥したままの場合 3 日前までの切開にドレッシングを残します。それに汚れてくる場合はドレッシングを交換します。</li>
		<li>痛みのレベル、一般的な幸福と手順 5 の日のための切開の状態を監視します。 メモ: 子豚のしかめっつらスケール、術後これらの動物の痛みのレベルを評価するために利用できる14。画期的な痛みのため一日一回必要に応じて半分の線量メロキシカムを使用します。</li>
		<li>シングル ・家活動を制限し、傷を癒すを許可する 5 日間の回復期間中に動物。</li>
		<li>完全に冬眠心筋表現型を開発する 8 週間かかります。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>2. 血行再建術またはポンプ バイパス オフ
<ol><li>動物の準備<ol>
<li>手術前 3 日以内動物の重量を量る。</li>
		<li>手術前に 12 時間のための動物を高速です。水は空腹時の動物のすべての回で使用できることを確認します。</li>
		<li>手術前に徐放性ブプレノルフィン 0.18 mg/kg 筋肉内 24 h を与えます。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>誘導<ol>
<li>6.6 mg/kg チレタミン チレタミン/キシラジン カクテルで動物を筋肉内に落ち着いた。5-15 分、鎮静後はカテーテル留置の無菌耳静脈を準備します。 注: 耳静脈が適切でない場合別末梢静脈があります (すなわち頭部) を使用します。</li>
		<li>両方の目に眼軟膏を適用されます。</li>
		<li>1-2 mg/kg の IV のプロポ フォールを用いた麻酔を誘導します。</li>
		<li>動物の適切なサイズの気管内チューブを挿管します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>手術<ol>
<li>動物の胸骨、左胸側と手術大腿三角形のひげをそる。</li>
		<li>10-15 分、1-4 L/分で酸素とイソフルラン麻酔の手術平面を維持するために必要に応じて、1.0 〜 3.0% で呼吸する換気を設定します。</li>
		<li>監視装置の位置 (心拍数、心電図、SpO2、直接血圧、ETCO2および温度) 動物に。</li>
		<li>通常生理食塩水または LRS 点滴に IV カテーテルを接続します。</li>
		<li>無菌ポビドン ヨード ・ スクラブや他の FDA の承認の方法で肌を準備します。</li>
		<li>麻酔の深さのための動物を評価します。 注: 動物は考慮深く麻酔とき目や顎反射が存在しません。</li>
		<li>動物の背部に位置、前述したように皮膚を準備し、滅菌タオルで動物をドレープします。</li>
		<li>大腿動脈穿刺にカットを実行します。モノポーラ電気メスを使用して作成、大腿動脈穿刺で公開する上約 3 cm 切開します。</li>
		<li>薬物を正確に配置できるように、切開を行った後、大腿神経ブロックを実行します。手術中に血圧を監視する探触子大腿骨カニューレに接続します。</li>
		<li>剣状突起に胸骨の切開をし、筋肉、脂肪、および胸骨のレベルに結合組織を切開する電気焼灼を使用します。</li>
		<li>振動見た胸骨を分割します。 注: 振動を使用して見てではなく、標準胸骨見た若者を収縮配置するため開胸手術の結果として心膜癒着から潜在的な心筋障害を回避できます。</li>
		<li>(2 mg/kg IV ローディング線量、50 μ g/kg/分連続点滴) 不整脈を防ぐためにリドカインを管理します。1 Mg/ml の濃度で生理食塩水入りの 500 mL 袋にリドカインを希釈します。</li>
		<li>ストレートのマヨはさみで後部の胸骨板を分割します。</li>
		<li>胸リトラクターを使用して、胸腔内を公開します。</li>
		<li>モノポーラ電気メスで癒着をダウンさせます。</li>
		<li>アシスタントで胸骨上左端の穏やかな上昇を同じリトラクターを使用して、胸壁から無料の左内胸動脈を解剖します。</li>
		<li>血管クリップを用いたで動脈は枝を制御します。</li>
		<li>100-300 単位/kg IV ヘパリンの動物を heparinize します。</li>
		<li>3 分後分割動脈遠位端を縫い以上。移植の近位端を準備します。</li>
		<li>開き、心膜を撤回します。リマの長さが若者に適切な吻合に到達する十分であることを確認します。</li>
		<li>オフのポンプを使用して 7-0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸で若者吻合にリマを実行心臓スタビライザー、バネクリップ フォームと適切なサイズの管腔内デバイス技術。</li>
		<li>外部化し、15-30 分のため、胸腔内から空気を除去するために真空に接続されている、左の胸部の肋骨間の胸腔チューブを配置します。</li>
		<li>胸骨を 8の字パターンを使用して #5 ポリエステル縫合糸で近似します。</li>
		<li>筋肉、休止状態の手術で記載されている通常の方法で皮下および皮膚の層を閉じます。胸腔内から任意の残留空気を削除し、1 つの皮膚縫合糸で切開を閉じるバルサルバ法を実行している間胸管を削除します。</li>
		<li>胸骨切開を保護するために皮膚に皮膚接着剤を塗布します。優しく大腿動脈カテーテルを削除し、財布の文字列パターンで 7-0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸を使用して動脈を修復します。皮膚真皮のパターンで 2-0 polyglactin 縫合糸を使用してを閉じます。</li>
		<li>1 mg/kg 筋肉内の手順の最後で切開の長さに沿って複数のサイトでブピバカインの総線量を管理します。</li>
		<li>メロキシカムを管理 0.2 mg/kg 皮下リカバリ領域への輸送の前に。</li>
		<li>休止状態の手順で術後のプロトコルに従ってください。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+collateral+development+in+swine+after+coronary+artery+occlusion.">Coronary collateral development in swine after coronary artery occlusion.</a> Circ Res. 71 (6), 1490-1500 (1992).</li><li>Viscardi, A. V., Hunniford, M., Lawlis, P., Leach, M., Turner, P. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+Piglet+Grimace+Scale+to+Evaluate+Piglet+Pain+Using+Facial+Expressions+Following+Castration+and+Tail+Docking:+A+Pilot+Study.">Development of a Piglet Grimace Scale to Evaluate Piglet Pain Using Facial Expressions Following Castration and Tail Docking: A Pilot Study.</a> Front Vet Sci. 4, 51 (2017).</li><li>Holley, C. T., Long, E. K., Lindsey, M. E., McFalls, E. O., Kelly, R. 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Impact of pre-operative myocardial function, perfusion, and metabolism.</a> Eur Heart J. 21 (2), 125-136 (2000).</li></ol>

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ここでは、HM の豚モデルは正確に単一の容器病患者の臨床経験を模倣しているし、左室機能を維持を示します。血行再建術は、前に単一の容器 HM を持つ動物展示駆出率によって測定されたグローバル関数で最小限の障害、局所壁肥厚を大幅に削減。以下の血行再建術、回復の 1 つまたは 3 つのヶ月で CMR イメージングは収縮予備能低用量ドブタミン負荷テストでの推定値でない限り、永続的?...

冠状動脈性心臓病 (CHD) アメリカ合衆国1推定 1550 万人に影響し、グローバルに死の主要な原因の一つです。冠動脈疾患に関連する死亡率は、ここ数年でダウンして、発生率、患者と医療制度の負担まま高1。深刻な CAD の主な治療法は、血行再建術、生存率を改善し、狭心症2,3、4を減らすです。ただし、心機能は多くの場合特に増加する負荷の下で、押したままにしておくし、心不全5,6に進むことができます。慢性虚血の冠動脈バイパス手術 (CABG) の臨床試験は、生存や症状の改善が 8-10 7,8の放出割合ショーのみささやかな改善点を示しています。慢性心筋虚血の私達の革新的な特徴の豚のモデルは、進歩的な血管狭窄症臨床の CAD のモデルです。我々 は血流9の段階的な削減の結果心筋収縮力の減少を示しています。心筋梗塞ではない行われずこのシナリオで実行可能に残ることができます。回復は、結果が変数でもタイムリーな血行再建が可能です。慢性的なまま実行可能な心筋の虚血は血流の低下によって特徴付けされている剰余室収縮予備能との残りの関数は、HM と呼ばれているし、治療冠動脈バイパス手術が必要です。HM の血行再建術は、収縮の機能を復元する必要があります、不完全な8,10を回復には実験と臨床観察を示しています。
HM の存在下で機能不全心筋局所血流11の減少はまだ実行可能の存在によって特徴付けられます。にもかかわらず障害収縮と HM、安静時代謝活動は変力作用刺激12特別法の機能と代謝を示すことができます。病気の広いスペクトルを包含して、冠動脈疾患患者の大半で疑われて HM。このプロトコルでは臨床シナリオを模倣している若者の動脈に左内胸動脈 (リマ) で回避される HM の私たちの確立された豚のモデルを示しています。心外膜の架橋担保を持たないので、豚は他の大型動物を心臓病の優れたモデルを提供します。これにより局所虚血13の結果一人の若者の狭窄です。
ここでは、若者の動脈で単一血管狭窄を作成することで豚の冬眠の心筋層を誘導する手術の方法について述べる.慢性虚血が確立されたら (8 週間ポスト若者収縮のインプラント)、豚モデル HM の臨床治療を再作成の方法を述べる: オフポンプ冠動脈バイパス術。これらの手術の方法は、だけでなく慢性の心筋虚血の臨床的に関連するモデルを勉強するが、また心筋虚血のための潜在的な代替または補助療法をテストし同様、心筋虚血に対するバイパス手術の効果を調査に使用できます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1155px;" width="1154">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Bair Hugger</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Model 505</td>
			<td style="width:468px;">Patient Warming system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">SR Buprenorphine 10 mg/mL</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Abbott Labs</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">NADA 141-434</td>
			<td>Post operative Analgesic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Surgical Spring Clip</td>
			<td>Applied Medical</td>
			<td>A1801</td>
			<td>Clamp end of LIMA after takedown</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Arterial Line Kit</td>
			<td>Arrow</td>
			<td>ASK-04510-HF</td>
			<td>Femoral catheter for blood pressure monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">1000mL 0.9% Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>2B1324X</td>
			<td>IV replacement fluid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">250 mL 0.9% saline</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>&#160;UE1322D</td>
			<td>Replacement IV Fluid&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">500mL 0.9% Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>2B1323Q</td>
			<td>Drug delivery, Provide mist for Blower Mister</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Flo-thru 1.0</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>FT-12100</td>
			<td>used to anastomos LIMA to L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Flo-thru 1.25</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>FT-12125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Flo-thru 1.5</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>FT-12150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Flo-thru 2.0</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>FT-12200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Cloroprep</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Becton Dickenson</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">260815</td>
			<td>Surgical skin prep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Meloxicam</td>
			<td>Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.</td>
			<td>0010-6013-01</td>
			<td>NSAID for analgesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Hypafix</td>
			<td>BSN Medical</td>
			<td>4210</td>
			<td>Secure wound dressing and IV catheters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">IV Tubing for Blower Mister</td>
			<td>Carefusion</td>
			<td>42493E</td>
			<td>Adapts to IV Fluids for Blower/Mister</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Bovie Cautery hand piece&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>E2516</td>
			<td>Hemostasis&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chest Tube</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8888561043</td>
			<td>Evacuates air from chest cavity&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Monopolar Cautery&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>Valleylab FT10</td>
			<td>Hemostasis&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Telpha pad</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Covidien</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">2132</td>
			<td>Sterile wound dressing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">4-0 Tevdek II Strands</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Deknatel</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">7-922</td>
			<td>Suture to secure constrictor around LAD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Propofol</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Diprivan</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">269-29</td>
			<td>Induction agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">&#160;long blade for laryngoscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">DRE</td>
			<td>12521</td>
			<td>Allows for visualization of trachea for intubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">ECG Pads</td>
			<td>DRE</td>
			<td>1496</td>
			<td>Monitor heart rhythm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">laryngoscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">DRE</td>
			<td>12515</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Anesthesia Machine + ventilator</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">DRE Drager- Fabius Tiro</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">DRE0603FT</td>
			<td>Deliver Oxygen and inhalant to patient</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">&#160;5 Ethibond&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>MG46G</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">0 Vicryl</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>J208H</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">2-0 Vicryl</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>J317H</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">3-0 Vicryl</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>VCP824G</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">7-0 Prolene</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>M8702</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Dermabond</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td>DNX12</td>
			<td>Skin adhesive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Ligaclips</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>MSC20</td>
			<td>Surgical Staples for LIMA takedown</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Sterile Saline 20 mL</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>20T700220</td>
			<td>Flush for IV catheters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Telazol 100 mg/mL</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Fort Dodge</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">01L60030</td>
			<td>Pre operative Sedative</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Triple Antibiotic Ointment</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">23734</td>
			<td>Topical over wound</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">6.0 mm ID endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt</td>
			<td>86049</td>
			<td>Establish airway for Revasc,MRI and Termination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">1&#34; medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medline</td>
			<td>MMM15271Z</td>
			<td>Secure wound dressing and IV catheters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">4.0 mm ID endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYND43040</td>
			<td>Establish airway for Hibernation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">4.5 mm ID endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYND43045</td>
			<td>Establish airway for Hibernation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">5.0 mm ID endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYND43050</td>
			<td>Establish airway for Hibernation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">6.5 mm ID endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYND43065</td>
			<td>Establish airway for Revasc,MRI and Termination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">7.0 mm ID endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYND43070</td>
			<td>Establish airway for Revasc,MRI and Termination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:261px;">Bair Hugger Blanket -&#160; Large size, underbody</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>AUG55501</td>
			<td>Patient Warming system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Basic pack</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">DYNJP1000</td>
			<td>Sterile drapes and table cover</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Bone Wax</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>ETHW31G</td>
			<td>Hemostasis of cut bone</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Suction&#160; tubing</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYND50223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Suction Container&#160;</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>DYNDCL03000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">1 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>1188100777</td>
			<td>Administer injectable agents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">12 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>8881512878</td>
			<td>Administer injectable agents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">20 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>8881520657</td>
			<td>Administer injectable agents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">3 mL Syinge</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>1180300555</td>
			<td>Administer injectable agents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">6&#160; mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>1180600777</td>
			<td>Administer injectable agents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">60 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>8881560125</td>
			<td>Administer injectable agents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blower Mister Kit</td>
			<td>Medtronic/Covidien</td>
			<td>22120</td>
			<td>Clears surgical field for vessel anastomosis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Roncuronium</td>
			<td>Mylan</td>
			<td>67457-228-05</td>
			<td>Neuromuscular blocking agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;"># 40 clipper blade</td>
			<td>Oster</td>
			<td>078919-016-701</td>
			<td>Remove hair from surgery sites</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Hair Clipper</td>
			<td>Oster</td>
			<td>078566-011-002</td>
			<td>Remove hair from surgery sites</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bupivicaine</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>00409-1161-01</td>
			<td>Local Anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Cephazolin</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>00409-0805-01</td>
			<td>Antibiotic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin&#160;</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>&#160;0409-2720-03</td>
			<td>anticoaggulant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Lidocaine 2%</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>00409-4277-01</td>
			<td>Local Anesthetic/ antiarrthymic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Succinylcholine 20 mg/mL</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">00409-6629-02</td>
			<td>Neuromuscular blocking agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Anesthesia Monitor</td>
			<td>Phillips&#160; Intellivue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">MP70&#160;</td>
			<td>Supports ventilation with inhalant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Artificial Tears</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Rugby</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">0536-1086-91</td>
			<td>Lubricate eyes to prevent corneal drying</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Buprenorphine 0.3 mg/mL</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">B9275</td>
			<td>Pre operative Analgesic for survivial procedures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">CDS019936</td>
			<td>General Anesthestic- Inhalant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">36&#8221; Pressure monitoring tubing</td>
			<td>Smith&#8217;s Medical</td>
			<td>MX563</td>
			<td>Connect art. Line&#160; to transducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">48&#8221; Pressure monitoring tubing</td>
			<td>Smith&#8217;s Medical</td>
			<td>MX564</td>
			<td>Connect art. Line&#160; to transducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Jelco 18 ga IV catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Smiths medical</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">4054</td>
			<td>IV access in Revasc, MRI and Term</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Jelco 20 ga IV catheter</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Smiths medical</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">4059</td>
			<td>IV access in the MRI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Jelco 22 ga&#160; IV catheter</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Smiths medical</td>
			<td>4050</td>
			<td>IV access in Hibernation Procedure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">OPVAC Synergy II</td>
			<td>Terumo Cardiovascular System</td>
			<td>401-230</td>
			<td>Heart positioner and Stabilizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Sternal Saw/ Necropsy Saw</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>812822</td>
			<td>Used to open chest cavity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Delrin Constrictor</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">U of MN</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Custom made</td>
			<td>Creates stenosis of LAD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Oxygen Tank E cylinder</td>
			<td>various</td>
			<td>various</td>
			<td>Used for Blower Mister if anesthesia machine doesn&#39;t have auxiliary flow meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Pressure Transducer</td>
			<td>various</td>
			<td>Must adapt to anesthesia monitor</td>
			<td>Monitor direct arterial pressures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:261px;">Xylazine 100 mg/mL</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Vedco</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">468RX</td>
			<td>Pre operative Sedative/ analgesic</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

surgical swine model of chronic cardiac ischemia treated by off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

心機能を損なうが、梗塞が発生しない慢性心筋虚血は、冬眠の心筋層 (HM) と呼ばれます。冠動脈疾患 (CAD) 患者の大規模な臨床サブセットがある HM は、機能障害を引き起こすだけでなく、不整脈と将来の心イベントのリスクが高いにそれらを置きます。この条件の標準治療は血行再建術が、この不完全な療法であることが示されています。前臨床心臓研究の大半は、この主に恵まれなかった慢性虚血患者のサブセットを残しての心筋虚血、梗塞モデルについて説明します。研究で、このギャップに対処するためとして開発を進めて豚、冬眠の心筋層の特徴と再現性の高いモデル豚が人間の心臓病のための理想的な並進モデル。このユニークな疾患モデルを作成するに加えてブタの冠動脈バイパス手術の臨床的治療モデルを最適化しています。これにより正確に心臓病のバイパス手術の効果し同様に追加または代替療法を調査できます。このモデルは手術、動脈左前下行枝 (LAD) は若い豚の収縮をはめ込むことによって単一の容器の狭窄症を誘導します。豚が大きくなると、括約筋は漸進的な狭窄、地域機能が障害を伴う慢性虚血の結果、組織の実行可能性を維持するを作成します。冬眠心筋表現の確立、次の診療所で患者のための金本位治療を模倣した冠動脈バイパス術後虚血領域血行再建の適応を実行します。

次の初期休止状態手術 70% 以上の狭窄は血管造影や心臓 mri 検査 (図 1A) などの臨床画像処理技術によって観察されることができる必要があります。若者収縮の外科的アプリケーションを次の 8 週間エコーや心臓 MRI による地域の機能の解析は、(図 2) の負荷の増加の下で減らされた機能を明らかにします。これ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery at JoVE.com

Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

このプロトコルは、地域の異常の結果、梗塞、冬眠の心筋層として知られているが発生しない慢性的な単一容器の虚血の外科大動物モデルを提示します。慢性虚血の確立、次の動物は、ポンプをリマ若者冠動脈バイパス術後虚血組織血行再建の適応と扱われます。

冠動脈バイパス移植手術によって治療慢性心筋虚血の外科豚モデル

Chronic cardiac ischemia that impairs cardiac function, but does not result in infarct, is termed hibernating myocardium (HM). A large clinical subset of ...

surgical-swine-model-chronic-cardiac-ischemia-treated-off-pump

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

9.4K ビュー.  University of Minnesota. このプロトコルは、地域の異常の結果、梗塞、冬眠の心筋層として知られているが発生しない慢性的な単一容器の虚血の外科大動物モデルを提示します。慢性虚血の確立、次の動物は、ポンプをリマ若者冠動脈バイパス術後虚血組織血行再建の適応と扱われます。

ビデオ: Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia

Annually more than 1 million neonates die worldwide as related to asphyxia. Asphyxiated neonates commonly have multi-organ failure including hypotension, perfusion deficit, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, pulmonary hypertension, vasculopathic enterocolitis, renal failure and thrombo-embolic complications. Animal models are developed to help us understand the patho-physiology and pharmacology of neonatal asphyxia. In comparison to rodents and newborn lambs, the newborn piglet has been proven to be a valuable model. The newborn piglet has several advantages including similar development as that of 36-38 weeks human fetus with comparable body systems, large body size (&tilde;1.5-2 kg at birth) that allows the instrumentation and monitoring of the animal and controls the confounding variables of hypoxia and hemodynamic derangements.
We here describe an experimental protocol to simulate neonatal asphyxia and allow us to examine the systemic and regional hemodynamic changes during the asphyxiating and reoxygenation process as well as the respective effects of interventions. Further, the model has the advantage of studying multi-organ failure or dysfunction simultaneously and the interaction with various body systems. The experimental model is a non-survival procedure that involves the surgical instrumentation of newborn piglets (1-3 day-old and 1.5-2.5 kg weight, mixed breed) to allow the establishment of mechanical ventilation, vascular (arterial and central venous) access and the placement of catheters and flow probes (Transonic Inc.) for the continuously monitoring of intra-vascular pressure and blood flow across different arteries including main pulmonary, common carotid, superior mesenteric and left renal arteries. Using these surgically instrumented piglets, after stabilization for 30-60 minutes as defined by Z&lt;10% variation in hemodynamic parameters and normal blood gases, we commence an experimental protocol of severe hypoxemia which is induced via normocapnic alveolar hypoxia. The piglet is ventilated with 10-15% oxygen by increasing the inhaled concentration of nitrogen gas for 2h, aiming for arterial oxygen saturations of 30-40%. This degree of hypoxemia will produce clinical asphyxia with severe metabolic acidosis, systemic hypotension and cardiogenic shock with hypoperfusion to vital organs. The hypoxia is followed by reoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 0.5h and then 21% oxygen for 3.5h. Pharmacologic interventions can be introduced in due course and their effects investigated in a blinded, block-randomized fashion.

Large animal models have good translational values in the examination of physiology and pharmacology of neonatal asphyxia. Using newborn piglets, we develop an experimental protocol to simulate neonatal asphyxia which has advantages of studying the systemic and regional hemodynamics, oxygen transport with biochemical and pathologic pathways and correlations.

新生児仮死の新型モデル

Annually more than 1 million neonates die worldwide as related to asphyxia. Asphyxiated neonates commonly have multi-organ failure including hypotension, ...

医学

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

マウスモデルにおける下大静脈介在移植の移植

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Evaluation of a Novel Laser-assisted Coronary Anastomotic Connector - the Trinity Clip - in a Porcine Off-pump Bypass Model

To simplify and facilitate beating heart (i.e., off-pump), minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery, a new coronary anastomotic connector, the Trinity Clip, is developed based on the excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis technique. The Trinity Clip connector enables simplified, sutureless, and nonocclusive connection of the graft to the coronary artery, and an excimer laser catheter laser-punches the opening of the anastomosis. Consequently, owing to the complete nonocclusive anastomosis construction, coronary conditioning (i.e., occluding or shunting) is not necessary, in contrast to the conventional anastomotic technique, hence simplifying the off-pump bypass procedure. Prior to clinical application in coronary artery bypass grafting, the safety and quality of this novel connector will be evaluated in a long-term experimental porcine off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) study. In this paper, we describe how to evaluate the coronary anastomosis in the porcine OPCAB model using various techniques to assess its quality. Representative results are summarized and visually demonstrated.

This paper describes a novel nonocclusive coronary anastomotic connector in a porcine off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) model. This easy-to-use coronary connector has intrinsic potential to facilitate minimally invasive OPCAB surgery.

ブタオフポンプバイパスモデルで - トリニティクリップ - 小説レーザ支援冠動脈吻合コネクタの評価

To simplify and facilitate beating heart (i.e., off-pump), minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery, a new coronary anastomotic connector, the ...

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) is a clinically useful, noninvasive tool for studying coronary artery flow velocity and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in humans. Reduced CFR is accompanied by marked intramyocardial and pericoronary fibrosis and is used as an indication of the severity of dysfunction. This study explores, step-by-step, the real-time changes measured in the coronary flow velocity, CFR and systolic to diastolic peak velocity (S/D) ratio in the setting of an aortic banding model in mice. By using a Doppler transthoracic imaging technique that yields reproducible and reliable data, the method assesses changes in flow in the septal coronary artery (SCA), for a period of over two weeks in mice, that previously either underwent aortic banding or thoracotomy. 
During imaging, hyperemia in all mice was induced by isoflurane, an anesthetic that increased coronary flow velocity when compared with resting flow. All images were acquired by a single imager. Two ratios, (1) CFR, the ratio between hyperemic and baseline flow velocities, and (2) systolic (S) to diastolic (D) flow were determined, using a proprietary software and by two independent observers. Importantly, the observed changes in coronary flow preceded LV dysfunction as evidenced by normal LV mass and fractional shortening (FS). 
The method was benchmarked against the current gold standard of coronary assessment, histopathology. The latter technique showed clear pathologic changes in the coronary artery in the form of peri-coronary fibrosis that correlated to the flow changes as assessed by echocardiography. 
The study underscores the value of using a non-invasive technique to monitor coronary circulation in mouse hearts. The method minimizes redundant use of research animals and demonstrates that advanced ultrasound-based indices, such as CFR and S/D ratios, can serve as viable diagnostic tools in a variety of investigational protocols including drug studies and the study of genetically modified strains.

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is useful for assessment of myocardial oxygen demand and evaluation of cardiovascular risk. This study establishes a step-by-step transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic (TTDE) method for longitudinal monitoring of the changes in CFR, as measured from coronary artery in mice, under the experimental pressure overload of aortic banding.

マウスの圧負荷モデルを用いた冠動脈の流れと冠血流準備の超音波ベースのアセスメント

Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) is a clinically useful, noninvasive tool for studying coronary artery flow velocity and coronary flow ...

Vein Interposition Model: A Suitable Model to Study Bypass Graft Patency

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. Research models for bypass graft failure are essential for a better understanding of pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during graft patency loss. Large animal models, such as pigs or sheep, resemble human anatomical structures but require special facilities and equipment. This video describes a rat vein interposition model to investigate vein graft patency loss. Rats are inexpensive and easy to handle. Compared to mouse models, the convenient size of rats permits better operability and enables a sufficient amount of material to be obtained for further diverse analysis. In brief, the inferior epigastric vein of a donor rat is harvested and used to replace a segment of the femoral artery. Anastomosis is conducted via single stitches and sealed with fibrin glue. Graft patency can be monitored non-invasively using duplex sonography. Myointimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause for graft patency loss, develops progressively over time and can be calculated from histological cross sections.

This video demonstrates a model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia after venous interposition surgery in rats.

静脈介在モデル：バイパスグラフト開存を研究するための適切なモデル

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. ...

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but regardless of the approach, an in vivo model is needed to test each treatment. The pig is one of the most used large animal models for cardiovascular disease. Its heart is very similar in anatomy and function to that of a human. The ameroid placement technique creates an ischemic area of the heart, which has many useful applications in studying myocardial infarction. This model has been used for surgical research, pharmaceutical studies, imaging techniques, and cell therapies.
There are several ways of inducing an ischemic area in the heart. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but the placement of an ameroid constrictor remains the most widely used technique. The main advantages to using the ameroid are its prevalence in existing research, its availability in various sizes to accommodate the anatomy and size of the vessel to be constricted, the surgery is a relatively simple procedure, and the post-operative monitoring is minimal, since there are no external devices to maintain. This paper provides a detailed overview of the proper technique for the placement of the ameroid constrictor.

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the placement of a delayed constricting device (an ameroid constrictor) around a coronary artery in a swine model. This device creates an ischemic area of the heart that is useful for studying new diagnostic imaging techniques and new methods of treatment.

アメロイド収縮を使用して豚の慢性心筋虚血モデル

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but ...

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment methods. Here, we present such a model by tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, which can be produced by rapid cardiac pacing in swine.
A single pacing lead is introduced transvenously into fully anaesthetized healthy swine, to the apex of the right ventricle, and fixated. Its other end is then tunneled dorsally to the paravertebral region. There, it is connected to an in-house modified heart pacemaker unit that is then implanted in a subcutaneous pocket. 
After 4 - 8 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing at rates of 200 - 240 beats/min, physical examination revealed signs of severe heart failure - tachypnea, spontaneous sinus tachycardia, and fatigue. Echocardiography and X-ray showed dilation of all heart chambers, effusions, and severe systolic dysfunction. These findings correspond well to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy and are also preserved after the cessation of pacing.
This model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy can be used for studying the pathophysiology of progressive chronic heart failure, especially hemodynamic changes caused by new treatment modalities like mechanical circulatory supports. This methodology is easy to perform and the results are robust and reproducible.

Here, we present a protocol to produce tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in swine. This model represents a potent way to study the hemodynamics of progressive chronic heart failure and the effects of applied treatment.

豚の慢性心不全モデルとして頻拍誘発性心筋

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment ...

Brachial Artery Catheterization in Swine

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood pressure continuously and collect arterial blood samples to assess arterial blood gas measurements. Arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases are important physiological parameters to monitor during experimental procedures. In swine, four common methods of arterial catheterization have been described, including catheterization of the carotid, femoral, auricular, and medial saphenous arteries. Each of these techniques have advantages, such as ease of access for the auricular artery, and disadvantages that include deep tissue dissection for carotid artery catheterization. The described alternative method of arterial catheterization in swine, the catheterization of the distal aspect of the brachial artery, is a rapid procedure that requires relatively minimal tissue dissection and provides information that is in line with data collected from other arterial catheterization sites. The procedure uses a medial approach along an oblique plane of the lower brachium, positioned between the olecranon and the flexor aspect of the elbow joint, and this approach allows researchers the major advantage of unimpeded freedom for procedures that involve the caudoventral, caudodorsal back, or hind limbs of the pig. Due to the location of the upper forelimb of the catheterized vessel and potential challenges of effective homeostasis following catheter removal from the artery, this technique may be limited to non-recovery procedures.

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This procedure accurately measures arterial blood pressure and is a simple and fast method to collect samples for arterial blood gas measurements.

豚の上腕動脈カテーテル検査

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood ...

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

Myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary diseases are among the most prominent causes of death in population with western lifestyle. The murine models of MI with permanent ligation of left-anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery closely mimics MI in humans. Murine models benefit from the extensive genetic engineering available nowadays. Here we propose a reproducible murine surgical model of myocardial infarction by permanent LAD coronary ligation. Our technique comprises anesthesia with ketamine/xylazine that can be rapidly reversed by administration of an antagonist, intubation without tracheotomy for mechanical-assisted ventilation, ventilation with application of extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to avoid alveolar collapse, a thoracotomy method limiting to the minimum surgical lesions made to skeletal muscles, and lung inflation without thoracentesis. This method is sparsely invasive, reproducible and reduces post-surgery mortality and complications.

Herein we describe a surgical procedure showing how to achieve permanent ligation of the left-anterior descending coronary artery in mice. This model is of high relevance to investigate the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and the concomitant biological processes.

左前皮下冠動脈の永久的なライゲーションを用いたマウス心筋梗塞モデル

Myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary diseases are among the most prominent causes of death in population with western lifestyle. The murine ...

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher risk for morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of AKI. To mimic this clinical scenario, this study presents a highly reproducible large animal model of renal IRI in swine using temporary percutaneous bilateral balloon-catheter occlusion of the renal arteries. The renal arteries are occluded for 60 min by introducing the balloon-catheters through the femoral and carotid artery and advancing them into the proximal portion of the arteries. Iodinated contrast is injected in the aorta to assess any opacification of the kidney vessels and confirm the success of the artery occlusion. This is furtherly confirmed by the flattening of the pulse waveform at the tip of the balloon catheters. The balloons are deflated and removed after 60 min of bilateral renal artery occlusion, and the animals are allowed to recover for 24 h. At the end of the study, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly increase, while eGFR and urine output significantly decrease. The need for iodinated contrast is minimal and does not affect renal function. Bilateral renal artery occlusion better mimics the clinical scenario of perioperative renal hypoperfusion, and the percutaneous approach minimizes the impact of the inflammatory response and the risk of infection seen with an open approach, such as a laparotomy. The ability to create and reproduce this clinically relevant swine model eases the clinical translation to humans.

This study presents a highly reproducible large animal model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in swine using temporary percutaneous bilateral balloon-catheter occlusion of the renal arteries for 60 min and reperfusion for 24 h.

一時的な両側性腎動脈閉塞による急性腎障害の大型動物モデル

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher risk for morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most ...