Name: proboscis extension response (per) assay in drosophila
Uploaded: 2007-04-29T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila at JoVE.com

<p class="jove_content">We thank Paul Graham for serving as a camera man in the video presentation.</p>

<p class="jove_step">Starvation</p>
<ol>
<li>First, starve the fly.</li>
<li>Put a small piece of Kim-wipe soaked with water in an empty vial.</li>
<li>Transfer 20-30 well-fed flies to the empty vial.</li>
<li>Check every 12 -24 hours to make sure the paper is moist.</li>
<li>Starve the fly for 36-72 hours.</li>
</ol>
<p class="jove_step">Fix the fly</p>
<ol>
<li>Take one fly in an aspirator.</li>
<li>Place a 200 &micro;l yellow tip over the opening. Simultaneously flipping and blowing on it, you can squeeze the fly up into the yellow tip.</li>...

<ol>
	<li>Dethier, V. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> <em style='font-style: italic'>The Hungry Fly</em>. , (1976).</li></ol>

<p class="jove_content">In this presentation, we've gone through all the steps for Proboscis extension response assay. The method sounds pretty straightforward but as in many other behavior assays, many small things can prevent the assay from working. We have gone through many such steps that need careful attention.  Here, I reemphasize some of the most important factors.</p>
<p class="jove_content">One such factor is the shape of the wick.  I have shown some of the very good examples, but of course, in reality everything would be a continuous...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>HDR-HC1</td>
<td>Camera</td>
<td>Sony</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>SMZ800</td>
<td>Microscope</td>
<td>Nikon</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>P-IBSS</td>
<td>Camera Adapter</td>
<td>Nikon</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>1x DC10LN</td>
<td>Camera Adapter</td>
<td>OPTEM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>257010</td>
<td>Camera Adapter</td>
<td>OPTEM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>TREKKER Mk2</td>
<td>Tripod</td>
<td>BENBO</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gorillapod SLR</td>
<td>Tripod</td>
<td>Joby</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>iMac G5</td>
<td>Computer</td>
<td>Apple</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Power Mac G5</td>
<td>Computer</td>
<td>Apple</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>iMovie</td>
<td>Software</td>
<td>Apple</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MPEG Streamclip</td>
<td>Software</td>
<td>SQUARED 5</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
			<div>
					</div>
		

proboscis extension response (per) assay in drosophila

<p class="jove_content">Proboscis extension response (PER) is a taste behavior assay that has been used in flies as well as in honeybees.</p>
<p class="jove_content">On the surface of the fly's mouth (labellum), there are hair-like structures called sensilla which houses taste neurons.  When an attractive substance makes contact to the labellum, the fly extends its proboscis to consume the material.  Proboscis Extension Response (PER) assay measures this taste behavior response, and it is a useful method to learn about food preferences in a single fly.  Solutions of various sugars, such as sucrose, glucose and fructose, are very attractive to the fly.  The effect of aversive substances can also be tested as reduction of PER when mixed in a sweet solution.</p><p class="jove_content">Despite the simplicity of the basic procedure, there are many things that can prevent it from working.  One of the factors that requires attention is the fly's responsive state.  The required starvation time to bring the fly to the proper responsive state varies drastically from 36 to 72 hours.  We established a series of controls to evaluate the fly's state and which allows screening out of non-responsive or hyper-responsive individual animals.  Another important factor is the impact level and the position of the contact to the labellum, which would be difficult to describe by words.  This video presentation demonstrates all these together with several other improvements that would increase the reproducibility of this method.</p>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila at JoVE.com

Proboscis Extension Response PER Assay in Drosophila

<p class="jove_content">Proboscis extension response or PER is a taste behavior assay that has been used in flies as well as in honeybees.  When the proboscis makes contact with an attractive substance, the fly extends its proboscis to consume the substance. Solutions of various sugars are very attractive to the fly.</p>

Proboscis Extension Response (PER) Assay in Drosophila

Proboscis extension response (PER) is a taste behavior assay that has been used in flies as well as in honeybees.
On the surface of the fly's mouth ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

We present a method of targeted DNA sequence retrieval from DNA sources which are heavily degraded and contaminated with microbial DNA, as is typical of ...

Quantification of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Quantification of &#947;H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are induced by either endogenous metabolic processes or by exogenous sources, are one of the most critical DNA ...

Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living <em>Drosophila</em> Embryos

Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos

The developing Drosophila melanogaster embryo undergoes a number of cell shape changes that are highly amenable to live confocal imaging.  Cell shape ...

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

The bone marrow is the principal site where HSCs and more mature blood cells lineage progenitors reside and differentiate in an adult organism. HSCs ...

Formulations for Freeze-drying of Bacteria and Their Influence on Cell Survival

Cellular water can be removed to reversibly inactivate microorganisms to facilitate storage. One such method of removal is freeze-drying, which is ...

Live Imaging of Apoptotic Cell Clearance during <em>Drosophila </em>Embryogenesis

Live Imaging of Apoptotic Cell Clearance during Drosophila Embryogenesis

The  proper elimination of unwanted or aberrant cells through apoptosis and  subsequent phagocytosis (apoptotic cell clearance) is crucial for normal  ...

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Fungi native to agricultural soils that colonized commercially available biodegradable mulch (BDM) films were isolated and assessed for potential to ...

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases <em>In Vivo</em>

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

Fluorescence based primer extension (FPE) is a molecular method to determine transcriptional starting points or processing sites of RNA molecules. This is ...

Measuring Glutathione-induced Feeding Response in Hydra

Hydra is among the most primitive organisms possessing a nervous system and chemosensation for detecting reduced glutathione (GSH) for capturing the prey. ...

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) trigger a variety of adaptive responses with the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) complex acting as a master regulator. ...