collection of human tear fluid using schirmer strip

LC-MS를 사용한 눈물 단백질체학을 위한 비침습적 바이오마커 발견

Tear proteomics has received attention to explore potential biomarkers for ocular diseases and conditions1,2,3,4,5,6, to access the pathogenesis of the ocular and systemic condition, as well as to exploit the advantage of non-invasive tear sample collection using Schirmer strips. The technological advancement of next-generation mass spectrometry has enabled protein quantification in microliter-scale tears with accuracy and precision not possible in the past. Sample preparation methods are not yet standardized. A robust and standardized sample preparation workflow is essential for the success of clinical application in tear protein biomarker research. The suspension trapping (S-Trap) sample preparation workflow was recently reported as an effective and sensitive sample preparation method for broad downstream proteomic analysis7,8. Yet, this strategy has not been well-reported in the analysis of human tear proteome, outperformed filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) and in-solution digestion in terms of enzymatic digestion efficiency and the greater number of protein identification by mass spectrometric analysis9. The S-Trap-based approach was demonstrated in the preparation of retinal tissue 10, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue11, cells12, microorganism13, and liquid biopsies14,15.
This protocol describes an integrated quantitative workflow from clinical samples to enzymatically digested protein for the discovery of a non-invasive tear protein biomarker panel with a rapid, reproducible, and robust technical strategy. Briefly, tear fluid was collected using a standard Schirmer strip and immediately dried with an ophthalmic frame heater to prevent protein autolysis at room temperature. Embedded total proteins were extracted using 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) lysis buffer according to the manufacturer&#39;s suggestion, followed by protein assay measurement. The extracted lysate then underwent standard reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT) and alkylation with iodoacetamide (IAA).
After acidification with phosphoric acid, suspension trapping column protein precipitation buffer containing 90% methanol and 100 mM triethylammonium bicarbonate (TEAB) was added to aggregate proteins. The sample was then transferred into a new suspension trapping micro column. Enzymatic digestion with done with sequencing grade trypsin at a 1:25 ratio (w/w, trypsin: protein) at 47 &#176;C for 1 h. The resulting peptides were then eluted via centrifugation, sequentially with 50 mM TEAB, 0.2% aqueous formic acid (FA), and 50% acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.2% FA. The eluted peptides were vacuum-dried and reconstituted in 0.1 % FA. The peptide concentration was measured and adjusted to 0.5 &#181;g/&#181;L for mass spectrometric analysis.

저자 스포트라이트: 단백질체학 연구를 위한 표준화된 프로토콜을 사용한 눈물액 분석 발전 

액체 크로마토그래피-탠덤 질량분석법에 의한 눈물 단백질체학을 위한 단백질 현탁액 포획 시료 전처리

Our research aims to demonstrate the use of a protein suspension trapping sample preparation, known as S trap for mass spectrometry-based research. This protocol employs a rapid, reproducible, and standardized sample preparation of human tear fluid sample collected using the for translational research in ophthalmology. Human tear fluid is a body fluid that can be collected for non-invasive molecular tests in ophthalmology.There is a lot of standardized methods of tear fluid collection and sample preparation, which are critical to successful clinical research of diseases and conditions. Non-standardized methods are difficult to compare and interpret between methodologies and therefore affect chemical outcomes. This protocols allows tear body fluid sampling and storage at room temperature.This helps with easier sample collections and shipping. It provides a rapid and robust peptide extractions for mass spectrometer analysis, which improves peptide recovery and identifications. This protocol has minimal sample preparation steps to minimize error and uncertainties.The fast and superior performance of protein identification and quantification by mass spectrometry will facilitate clinicians and researchers in the development of non-invasive molecular tests. Optimize the sample preparation will always be one of the critical steps. Regardless of the detection method, the clinical value of human tear fluid is yet to be fully investigated.The proposal sample preparation method would hopefully open the door for potential clinical application in the near future.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection of Human Tear Fluid Using Schirmer Strip at JoVE.com

Schirmer Strip을 이용한 인체 눈물액 채취

샘플 오염을 방지하기 위해 장갑을 착용하고 손을 소독하는 것부터 시작하십시오. Schirmer 스트립의 내부 포장이 멸균되고 유통기한이 만료되지 않았으며 손상되지 않았는지 확인하십시오. 그런 다음 Schirmer 스트립의 상단을 반원 끝 근처의 0mm 표시에서 약간 안쪽으로 구부립니다.끝을 잡고 0-25mm 샘플 수집 영역과의 직접적인 접촉을 피하여 스트립을 제거합니다. 피험자에게 시선을 돌리라고 지시한다. 그런 다음 아래 눈꺼풀을 부드럽게 아래로 당깁니다.스트립 끝을 측면 안각 영역 근처의 아래쪽 fornix에 연결합니다. 다른 쪽 눈에도 이 과정을 반복한 후 피험자에게 자극을 최소화하기 위해 눈꺼풀을 부드럽게 감도록 요청합니다. 15-20mm의 눈물 샘플이 나올 때까지 약 5분 동안 눈물액을 채취합니다.피험자에게 눈을 뜨라고 지시하십시오. 아래 눈꺼풀을 부드럽게 아래로 당겨 스트립을 제거합니다. 다음으로, 스트립의 수화 길이를 검사하고 수집된 양을 밀리미터 단위로 기록합니다.유체가 증발할 때까지 표준 클린 프레임 히터를 사용하여 스트립을 건조시킵니다. 건조되면 Schirmer 스트립을 라벨이 붙은 극저온 튜브에 넣고 추가 처리를 위해 서늘하고 어두운 곳에 보관합니다.

collection-of-human-tear-fluid-using-schirmer-strip

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Collection of Human Tear Fluid Using Schirmer Strip

436 조회수.  The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. 샘플 오염을 방지하기 위해 장갑을 착용하고 손을 소독하는 것부터 시작하십시오. Schirmer 스트립의 내부 포장이 멸균되고 유통기한이 만료되지 않았으며 손상되지 않았는지 확인하십시오. 그런 다음 Schirmer 스트립의 상단을 반원 끝 근처의 0mm 표시에서 약간 안쪽으로 구부립니다.끝을 잡고 0-25mm 샘플 수집 영역과의 직접적인 접촉을 피하여 스트립을 제거합니다. 피험자...

비디오: Schirmer Strip을 이용한 인체 눈물액 채취

A Protein Suspension-Trapping Sample Preparation for Tear Proteomics by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tear fluid is one of the easily accessible biofluids that can be collected non-invasively. Tear proteomics has the potential to discover biomarkers for several ocular diseases and conditions. The suspension trapping column has been reported to be an efficient and user-friendly sample preparation workflow for the broad application of downstream proteomic analysis. Yet, this strategy has not been well-studied in the analysis of human tear proteome. The present protocol describes an integrated workflow from clinical human tear samples to purified peptides for non-invasive tear protein biomarker research using mass spectrometry, which provides insights into disease biomarkers and monitoring when combined with bioinformatics analysis. A protein suspension trapping sample preparation was applied and demonstrated the discovery of tear proteome with fast, reproducible, and user-friendly procedures, as a universal, optimized sample preparation for human tear fluid analysis. In particular, the suspension trapping procedure outperformed in-solution sample preparation in terms of peptide recovery, protein identification, and shorter sample preparation time.

This protocol describes a method for collecting tear samples using Schirmer strips and an integrated quantitative workflow for discovering non-invasive tear protein biomarkers. The suspension trapping sample preparation workflow enables fast and robust tear sample preparation and mass spectrometric analysis, resulting in higher peptide recovery yields and protein identification than standard in-solution procedures.

Tear fluid is one of the easily accessible biofluids that can be collected non-invasively. Tear proteomics has the potential to discover biomarkers for ...

연구

의학

Begin by wearing gloves and sanitizing hands to prevent sample contamination. Check that the inner packaging of the Schirmer strip is sterile, unexpired, and intact. Next, bend the top of the Schirmer strip slightly inward at the zero millimeter mark near the semicircle tip.Remove the strip by holding the end avoiding direct contact with the zero to 25 millimeter sample collection area. Instruct the subject to look away. Then gently pull down the lower eyelid.Hook the strip end in the lower fornix near the lateral canthus region. After repeating the process for the other eye, ask the subject to close their eyelids gently to minimize irritation. Collect the tear fluid for approximately five minutes until a 15 to 20 millimeter tear sample is obtained.Instruct the subject to open their eyes. Gently pull down the lower eyelid and remove the strips. Next, inspect the hydrated length on the strip and record the collected amount in millimeters.Dry the strip using a standard clean frame heater until the fluid evaporates. Once dried, place the Schirmer strip into a labeled cryo tube and store it in a cool dark place for further processing.

Protein Extraction from Human Tear Using Schirmer Strip

Begin by cutting and discarding the front end of the Schirmer strip containing the dried human tears beyond the zero millimeter mark. Then cut the strip into one millimeter intervals and place the pieces in a 1.5 milliliter micro centrifuge tube. Next, add 100 microliters of lysis buffer to the micro centrifuge tube.Vortex it at 1000 RPM at room temperature for one hour in a thermo mixer. After brief centrifugation, transfer the supernatant to a new 1.5 milliliter micro centrifuge tube. Using clean forceps, move the strips into 200 microliter pipette tips.Place the tips back into the same micro centrifuge tube, then centrifuge it for maximum sample recovery. Measure the protein concentration using bicinchoninic acid or a compatible protein assay.

Schirmer Strip을 사용한 인체 눈물에서 단백질 추출

Suspension-Trapping Sample Preparation of Human Tear Protein

Begin by normalizing the human tear protein samples to 50 micrograms of protein. Then add 200 millimolar dithiothreitol, or DTT, to a final concentration of 20 millimolar DTT, incubated at 95 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. After cooling the protein solution to room temperature, add 400 millimolar iodoacetamide to a final concentration of 40 millimolar, then incubate in the dark at room temperature for 10 minutes.Next, add 12%aqueous phosphoric acid in a one to 10 ratio, resulting in a 1.2%final concentration. Vortex the mixture briefly to mix the solution. Add protein binding buffer in a one to six ratio before vortexing again.Uncap the suspension trapping micro spin column and assemble the spin column onto a two milliliter microcentrifuge tube to collect flowthrough. Add up to 200 microliters of acidified protein lysate mixture into the column. Centrifuge the column at 4000 G for 20 seconds.Next, add 150 microliters of protein binding buffer and centrifuge as before to wash the suspended protein. Assemble the suspension trapping micro column onto a new 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Carefully add 20 microliters TEAB digestion buffer onto the filter inside the spin column, avoiding bubbles and air gaps.Securely cap the suspension trapping micro spin column to prevent evaporation. Incubate at 47 degrees Celsius for one hour in a thermal mixer without shaking. Elute peptides with 40 microliters of 50 millimolar TEAB.Then centrifuge it at 4000 G for 20 seconds. Now add 40 microliters of 0.2%formic acid and centrifuge as before. Lastly, add 35 microliters of 0.2%formic acid and 50%to acetonitrile before centrifuging again.Pull the three eluents and dry them using a vacuum centrifuge. Once dried, store the samples at 80 degrees Celsius for future analysis. The data dependent acquisition search yielded a total of 1183 plus or minus 118 proteins in the suspension trapping group, and 874 plus or minus 70 proteins at 1%FDR in the in-solution group.Gene ontology analysis revealed similar proteomes for both approaches with main function as binding catalytic activity and molecular function regulation.