Compartmentalization에 대한 E18 태아 쥐 두피 뉴런 준비 밖으로 시작하기 전에, 그것은 37 ° C.에 필요한 모든 미디어 및 시약을 따뜻하게하는 것이 중요합니다 70 % 에탄올로 닦고으로 후드에 배치하는 세포 (예, 고무 전구, 튜브 랙, 미디어 병 등), 그 준비에 사용되는 모든 소독하는 것도 중요하다. <ol><li> 1 ML 얼음처럼 차가운 칼슘 마그네슘 무료 무료 해부 버퍼를 포함하는 15 ML 튜브에 넣어 E18 태아 쥐의 피질의 두 가지 (한 두뇌 이전 해부)를. </li><li> 2 ML 및 0.125 %로 최종 트립신 농도에 최종 볼륨을 가져, 해부 버퍼에있는 피질로 0.25 % 트립신 - EDTA (에틸렌 다이아 민 테트라 초산) 1 ML을 추가합니다. </li><li> 팔분에 대해 37 ° C의 물을 욕조에 15 ML 튜브를 놓습니다. </li><li> 이 기간 동안, 화재 폴란드어 3 유리 파스퇴르 pipets은 불임을 유지하기 위해 biosafety 캐비닛에 연속 작은 구멍을 형성. </li><li> 피질의 8 분 부화 후 DMEM는 트립신 반응을 멈출 수 있도록 도와줘 피질 10 % FBS를 포함한 10 ML를 추가합니다. </li><li> 2 분 동안 2,500 rpm으로 피질과 DMEM/10 % FBS를 포함한 15 ML 튜브를 원심 분리기. </li><li> biosafety 캐비닛에서 진공 흡입 붙어있는 유리 파스퇴르 pipet을 사용하여 피질에서 뜨는을 제거하십시오. 방해 또는 펠렛을 이동시키다하지 않도록주의하십시오. </li><li> 피질 펠렛 부드럽게 pipet 위아래로 NMB 1 ML을 추가합니다. 이것은 공기 거품이 산화하여 세포를 손상시킬 수 있으므로, 아래 pipeting 및하면서 공기 방울을 만드는 피하기 위해 매우 중요합니다. </li><li> 끝까지 멸균 고무 벌브를 장착하고 5 번하고 아래로 pipeting하여 피질을 씹다 수있는 넓은 개방과 함께 불을 광택 파스퇴르 pipet을 사용하여 다시 신중하면 공기 방울을 소개하지 않습니다. 감소 오프닝 크기 각각 다른 두 유리 pipets이 과정을 계속합니다. </li><li> 분쇄 후 2 분 동안 2,500 rpm으로 다시 세포를 원심 분리기. </li><li> 원심 분리 후, 다시 뜨는을 제거하고 NBM 2 ML에있는 세포 펠렛을 resuspend. </li><li> 45 음 셀 스트레이너를 통해 resuspended 세포 솔루션을 필터링합니다. </li><li> 계산하고, 장치에 로드된 Trypan 블루와 세포를 얼룩. 우리는 일반적으로 장치마다 세포의 20 UL을로드합니다. </li></ol> 참고 : 세포의 최종 농도는 일반적으로 2,500,000 세포 / ML 및 8,000,000 세포 / ML 사이 세포를 로딩 세포가 계산되고 나면, 그것은 장치에있는 세포를 로드할 시간 : <ol><li> 불임을 유지하기 위해 biosafety 캐비닛에 NBM를 포함하는 이전에 준비 장치를 가져와. </li><li> 진공 흡입하여 우물에서 여분의 미디어를 제거합니다. 그러나 미디어를 모두 제거하지 않도록주의 - 메인 채널의 일부 언론이 있어야합니다. </li><li> (그림 필요한 경우 참조) 장치의 상단 왼쪽 저수지로 세포의 20 UL을 적용합니다. 세포의 장치에 흐름과 PLL 처리 표면에 첨부합니다. </li><li> 로딩 후, 세포 부착 수 있도록 10 분 동안 인큐베이터에 다시 세포를 포함하는 장치를 놓으십시오. </li><li> 십분 후에 다시 인큐베이터 미디어과 장소 장비와 저수지를 입력합니다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Park, J. W., Vahidi, B., Taylor, A. M., Rhee, S. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+culture+platform+for+neuroscience+research.">Microfluidic culture platform for neuroscience research.</a> Nat Protoc. 1, 2128-2136 (2006).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., Blurton-Jones, M., Rhee, S. W., Cribbs, D. H., Cotman, C. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microfluidic+culture+platform+for+CNS+axonal+injury,+regeneration+and+transport.">A microfluidic culture platform for CNS axonal injury, regeneration and transport.</a> Nat Methods. 2, 599-605 (2005).</li></ol>

세포 밀도가 응용 프로그램에 따라 다양한하실 수 있습니다. 그러나 밀도가 너무 낮아에서 기본 뉴런을 심는 것은 일반적으로 세포 사망에 이르게한다. 인큐베이터와 습도의 수준에 따라, 미디어 장치마다 2~3일 변화해야 할 수 있습니다. 미디어를 변경하면, 그것은 주요 채널에서 미디어를 제거하지 않는다는, 저수지에서 미디어를 제거한 후에 중요합니다. 더 나아가, 그것은 최고 우물에 신선한 미디어를 장소와 신선한 미디어의 모든 저수지를 작성하기 전에 장치를 통해 주요 채널로 흘러 수 있도록하는 것이 좋습니다.

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>NBM</td>
<td>medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>21103-049</td>
<td>Neural Basal Media is obtained by Invitrogen under their Gibco line of cell culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E18 rat embryos</td>
<td>Animal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Obtained from pregnant Sprague Dawley Rats. The pregnant rat is sacrificed and the E18 fetal rat pups dissected to obtain the E18 fetal rat cortex.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CMFM dissection buffer HBSS</td>
<td>buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ice-cold Calcium-free Magnesium-free dissection buffer HBSS based.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>15 ml Tube</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>Falcon No. 352097</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific catalog number 14-959-70C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>37&#x02DA;C water bath</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pasteur pipets</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>glass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DMEM</td>
<td>medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FBS</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>serum, used at 10% in DMEM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>set at 2500 rpm </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Trypan Blue</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>for counting live/dead cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BD Falcon Cell Strainer 40 um</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>Falcon cat# 352340</td>
<td>Available through Fisher Scientific. Fisher catalog# 08-771-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B27</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17504-044</td>
<td>B27 is a proprietary supplement available through Invitrogen under their Gibco line of cell culture reagents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Glutamax</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>35050-061</td>
<td>Glutamax is available through Invitrogen under their Gibco line of celll culture reagents.</td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

preparing e18 cortical rat neurons for compartmentalization in a microfluidic device

이 비디오에서는, 우리는 대뇌 피질 E18 쥐 뉴런의 준비를 보여줍니다. E18 피질 쥐의 뉴런는 이전에 다음 ID로 해부하고 준비 E18 태아 쥐의 대뇌 피질에서 얻을 수 있습니다. E18의 피질 개별 뉴런에 즉시 dissociated, 절개시입니다. 그것은 해리가 수행되기 전에 최대 일주일까지 4 B27를 포함하는 최대 절전 E 버퍼 ° C에서 E18 피질을 저장할 수 있습니다. 그러나, 세포 생존에 드롭있을 것입니다. 일반적으로 우리 E18 접속 신선한를 구하십시오. 그것은 차가운 얼음 칼슘 마그네슘 무료 무료 해부 버퍼 (CMFM)에있는 실험실로 이송됩니다. 도착하자마자, 트립신은 0.125 %의 최종 농도 피질에 추가됩니다. 대뇌 피질은 다음 팔분에 대해 37 ° C에서 incubated입니다. 10% FBS를 포함한 DMEM는 반응을 막기 위해 피질에 추가됩니다. 대뇌 피질은 다음 2 분 동안 2,500 rpm으로 centrifuged입니다. 뜨는 제거하고 신경 기저 미디어 2 ML (NBM)는 2퍼센트 B27 (권 / 권)와 Glutamax (권 / 권)이 다음과 위아래로 pipetting하여 다시 중단되는 피질에 추가됩니다 0.25 %를 포함합니다. 다음 피질은 연속된 작은 오프닝과 함께 이전에 화재 광택 유리 pipettes, 각 triturated 있습니다. triturating 후, 피질은 다시 2 분 동안 2,500 rpm으로 centrifuged입니다. 뜨는 그런 다음 제거 피질 펠렛은 B27와 Glutamax을 포함 NBM 2 ML로 다시 일시 중지되었습니다. 세포 현탁액은 다음 40 음 나일론 셀 스트레이너를 통해 전달됩니다. 다음 세포가 계산됩니다. 뉴런은 이제 신경 microfluidic 장치에 로딩을위한 준비가되어 있습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device at JoVE.com

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

이 비디오에서는 E18 두피 랫 뉴런의 준비를 보여줍니다.

Microfluidic 장치에서 Compartmentalization에 대한 E18 두피 랫 뉴런 준비

In this video, we demonstrate the preparation of E18 cortical rat neurons. E18 cortical rat neurons are obtained from E18 fetal rat cortex previously ...

preparing-e18-cortical-rat-neurons-for-compartmentalization

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

19.6K 조회수.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). 이 비디오에서는 E18 두피 랫 뉴런의 준비를 보여줍니다.

비디오: Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

Organotypic Slice Culture of E18 Rat Brains

Organotypic slice cultures from embryonic rodent brains are widely used to study brain development. While there are often advantages to an in-vivo system, organotypic slice cultures allow one to perform a number of manipulations that are not presently feasible in-vivo. To date, organtotypic embryonic brain slice cultures have been used to follow individual cells using time-lapse microscopy, manipulate the expression of genes in the ganglionic emanances (a region that is hard to target by in-utero electroporation), as well as for pharmacological studies. In this video protocol we demonstrate how to make organotypic slice cultures from rat embryonic day 18 embryos. The protocol involves dissecting the embryos, embedding them on ice in low melt agarose, slicing the embedded brains on the vibratome, and finally plating the slices onto filters in culture dishes. This protocol is also applicable in its present form to making organotypic slice cultures from different embryonic ages for both rats and mice. 

E18 랫 두뇌의 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화

Organotypic slice cultures from embryonic rodent brains are widely used to study brain development. While there are often advantages to an in-vivo system, ...

연구

생물학

Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for the Compartmentalization of Neuron Soma and Axons

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to fabricate a microfluidic device for culturing neurons. Previously, a silicon wafer was patterned with the design for the neuron microfluidic device using SU-8 and photolithography to create a master mold, or what we simply refer to as a "master". Next, we pour the silicon polymer PDMS on top of the master which is then cured by heating the PDMS to 80&deg;C for 1 hour. The PDMS forms a negative mold of the device. The PDMS is then carefully cut and lifted away from the master. Holes are punched where the reservoirs will be and the excess PDMS trimmed away from the device. Nitrogen is used to blow away any excess debris from the device. At this point the devices are now ready for use and can either bonded to corning No. 1 cover glass with a plasma sterilizer/cleaner or can be reversibly bound to the cover glass by simply placing the device on top of the cover glass. The reversible bonding of the device to glass is covered in a separate video and requires first that the device be sterilized either with 70% ethanol or by autoclaving. Plasma treating sterilizes the devices so no further treatment is necessary. It is, however, important, when plasma-treating the devices, to add liquid to the devices within 10 minutes of the plasma treatment while the surfaces are still hydrophilic. Waiting longer than 10 minutes to add liquid to the device makes it difficult for the liquid to enter the device. The neuron devices are typically plasma-bound to cover glass and 0.5 mg/ml poly-L-lysine (PLL) in pH 8.5 borate buffer is immediately added to the device. After a minimum of 3 hours incubating with PLL, the devices are washed with dH2O water a minimum of 3 times with at least 15 minutes between each wash. Next, the water is removed and fresh media is added to the device. At this point the device is ready for use. It is important to remember at this point to never remove all the media from the device. Always leave media in the main channel.

In this video we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to farbricate a microfluidic device for culturing neurons.

신경 소마와 Axons의 Compartmentalization위한 Microfluidic 장치의 제작

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of soft lithography with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) which we use to fabricate a microfluidic device for ...

A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior. This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel and a bottom microgrooved substrate. To fabricate the microgrooved channels, a top poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold containing the impression of the microfluidic channels was aligned and bonded to a microgrooved substrate. Using this device, mouse fibroblast cells were immobilized and patterned within microgrooved substrates (25, 50, 75, and 100 &mu;m wide). To study apoptosis in a microfluidic device, media containing hydrogen peroxide, Annexin V, and propidium iodide was perfused into the fluidic channel for 2 hours. We found that cells exposed to the oxidative stress became apoptotic. These apoptotic cells were confirmed by Annexin V that bound to phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the apoptosis process. Using this microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns, the apoptosis process was observed in real-time and analyzed by using an inverted microscope containing an incubation chamber (37&deg;C, 5% CO2). Therefore, this microfluidic device incorporated with microgrooved substrates could be useful for studying the cellular behavior and performing high-throughput drug screening.

We describe a protocol for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that can enable cell capture and culture. In this approach patterned microstructures such as grooves within microfluidic channels are used to create low shear stress regions within which cell can dock.

세포 행동 유학을위한 그루브 패턴 Microfluidic 장치

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior.  This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel ...

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an enabling experimental tool, because it can precisely manipulate fluid flows, enable high-throughput experiments, and generate stable soluble concentration gradients.  Compared to conventional gradient generators, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based  microfluidic devices can generate stable concentration gradients of growth factors with well-defined profiles.  Here, we developed simple gradient-generating microfluidic devices with three separate inlets.  Three microchannels combined into one microchannel to generate concentration gradients.  The stability and shape of growth factor gradients were confirmed by fluorescein isothyiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF).  Using this microfluidic device, we demonstrated that fibroblasts exposed to concentration gradients of EGF migrated toward higher concentrations.  The directional orientation of cell migration and motility of migrating cells were quantitatively assessed by cell tracking analysis.  Thus, this gradient-generating microfluidic device might be useful for studying and analyzing the behavior of migrating cells.

We describe a protocol for the microfabrication of the gradient-generating microfluidic device that can generate spatial and temporal gradients in well-defined microenvironment. In this approach, the gradient-generating microfluidic device can be used to study directed cell migration, embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

세포 생물학을위한 그라디언트 생성 Microfluidic 장치

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an ...

CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Capture Using a Disposable Microfluidic Chip for HIV

CD4 + HIV에 대한 일회용 Microfluidic 칩을 사용하여 T - 림프구 캡처

Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

Microfluidic 장치를 사용하여 셀 캡처

Preparing T Cell Growth Factor from Rat Splenocytes

Maintenance of antigen-specific T cell lines or clones in culture requires rounds of antigen-induced activation separated by phases of cell expansion 1,2. Addition of interleukin 2 to the culture media during the expansion phase is necessary to prevent cell death and sufficient to maintain short-term T cell lines but has been shown to increase Th1 polarization 3. Replacement of interleukin 2 by T cell growth factor (TCGF) which contains a mix of cytokines is more effective than interleukin 2 in maintaining long-term T cell lines in vitro 3. Moreover, TCGF can easily be prepared in large amounts in the laboratory and is much cheaper than recombinant interleukin 2. 
Here, we show how to prepare TCGF from rat splenocyte culture supernatants. For this procedure, we harvest spleens from naive Lewis rats euthanized for thymus and blood collection. We prepare single-cell suspensions from the spleens, lyze the red blood cells by osmotic shock, and seed the splenocytes in culture medium. The cells are stimulated with concanavalin A, a mitogen that non-selectively activates all rat T lymphocytes, inducing the production of cytokines. The culture supernantant is collected 48 hours later andexcess concanavalin A is bound to alpha methyl mannoside to prevent it from activating T cell lines to which TCGF will be added. The TCGF is then sterile-filtered, aliquoted, and stored at -20&deg;C.

We describe the preparation of T cell growth factor used for the in vitro expansion of antigen-specific rat T lymphocyte lines.

랫 Splenocytes에서 T 세포 성장 인자 준비

Maintenance of antigen-specific T cell lines or clones in culture requires rounds of antigen-induced activation separated by phases of cell expansion 1,2. ...

Assessing Neural Stem Cell Motility Using an Agarose Gel-based Microfluidic Device

While microfluidic technology is reaching a new level of maturity for macromolecular assays, cell-based assays are still at an infant stage1. This is largely due to the difficulty with which one can create a cell-compatible and steady microenvironment using conventional microfabrication techniques and materials. We address this problem via the introduction of a novel microfabrication material, agarose gel, as the base material for the microfluidic device. Agarose gel is highly malleable, and permeable to gas and nutrients necessary for cell survival, and thus an ideal material for cell-based assays. We have shown previously that agarose gel based devices have been successful in studying bacterial and neutrophil cell migration2. In this report, three parallel microfluidic channels are patterned in an agarose gel membrane of about 1mm thickness. Constant flows with media/buffer are maintained in the two side channels using a peristaltic pump. Cells are maintained in the center channel for observation. Since the nutrients and chemicals in the side channels are constantly diffusing from the side to center channel, the chemical environment of the center channel is easily controlled via the flow along the side channels. Using this device, we demonstrate that the movement of neural stem cells can be monitored optically with ease under various chemical conditions, and the experimental results show that the over expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) enhances the motility of neural stem cells. Motility of neural stem cells is an important biomarker for assessing cells aggressiveness, thus tumorigenic factor3. Deciphering the mechanism underlying NSC motility will yield insight into both disorders of neural development and into brain cancer stem cell invasion.

We demonstrate that the over expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) enhances the motility of neural stem cells(NSCs) using a novel agarose gel based microfluidic device. This technology can be readily adaptable to other mammalian cell systems where cell sources are scarce, such as human neural stem cells, and the turn around time is critical.

아가로 오스 겔 기반 Microfluidic 장치를 사용 신경 줄기 세포의 운동성 평가

While microfluidic technology is reaching a new level of maturity for macromolecular assays, cell-based assays are still at an infant stage1. This is ...

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia (SCG)

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide sympathetic innervations for the head and neck regions and they constitute a well-characterized and relatively homogeneous population (4).  Sympathetic neurons are dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival, differentiation and axonal growth and the wide-spread availability of NGF facilitates their culture and experimental manipulation (2, 3, 6).  For these reasons, cultured sympathetic neurons have been used in a wide variety of studies including neuronal development and differentiation, mechanisms of programmed and pathological cell death, and signal transduction (1, 2, 5, and 6).  Dissecting out the SCG from newborn rats and culturing sympathetic neurons is not very complicated and can be mastered fairly quickly.  In this article, we will describe in detail how to dissect out the SCG from newborn rat pups and to use them to establish cultures of sympathetic neurons.  The article will also describe the preparatory steps and the various reagents and equipment that are needed to achieve this.

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia SCG

This is a protocol describing how to isolate and culture primary sympathetic neurons from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of newborn rat pups.

쥐 우수한 자궁암 신경 (SCG)에서 Culturing 교감 신경에 대한 프로토콜

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide ...

Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM

Calcium imaging is a common technique that is useful for measuring calcium signals in cultured cells. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of calcium indicator dyes, which are BAPTA-based organic molecules that change their spectral properties in response to the binding of Ca2+ ions. Calcium indicator dyes fall into two categories, ratio-metric dyes like Fura-2 and Indo-1 and single-wavelength dyes like Fluo-4. Ratio-metric dyes change either their excitation or their emission spectra in response to calcium, allowing the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined from the ratio of fluorescence emission or excitation at distinct wavelengths.  The main advantage of using ratio-metric dyes over single wavelength probes is that the ratio signal is independent of the dye concentration, illumination intensity, and optical path length allowing the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined independently of these artifacts. One of the most common calcium indicators is Fura-2, which has an emission peak at 505 nM and changes its excitation peak from 340 nm to 380 nm in response to calcium binding.  Here we describe the use of Fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium elevations in neurons and other excitable cells.

Calcium signals play a key role in many cellular processes including gene expression, survival and differentiation. Here we demonstrate how to perform calcium imaging using Fura-2 AM. Calcium imaging is a valuable tool to study the regulation of intracellular calcium in real time and its regulation of signaling cascades.

Fura - 2 오전 사용하여 두피 뉴런의 칼슘 이미징

Calcium imaging is a common technique that is useful for measuring calcium signals in cultured cells. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of calcium ...