작품은 NIH R01 NS071039-01A1 연구 기금에 의해 지원되었다.

<ol>
	<li>Tremblay, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Role+of+Microglia+in+the+Healthy+Brain.">The Role of Microglia in the Healthy Brain.</a> J. Neurosci. 31, 16064-16069 (2011).</li><li>Graeber, M. B., Li, W., Rodriguez, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+microglia+in+CNS+inflammation.">Role of microglia in CNS inflammation.</a> FEBS Lett. , (2011).</li><li>Ponomarev, E. D., Shriver, L. P., Maresz, K., Dittel, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+cell+activation+and+proliferation+precedes+the+onset+of+CNS+autoimmunity.">Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 81, 374-389 (2005).</li><li>Perruisseau-Carrier, C., Jurga, M., Forraz, N., McGuckin, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miRNAs+stem+cell+reprogramming+for+neuronal+induction+and+differentiation.">miRNAs stem cell reprogramming for neuronal induction and differentiation.</a> Mol. Neurobiol. 43, 215-227 (2011).</li><li>McCoy, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+miRNAs+in+cytokine+signaling.">The role of miRNAs in cytokine signaling.</a> Front Biosci. 17, 2161-2171 (2010).</li><li>He, M., Xu, Z., Ding, T., Kuang, D. M., Zheng, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-155+regulates+inflammatory+cytokine+production+in+tumor-associated+macrophages+via+targeting+C/EBPbeta.">MicroRNA-155 regulates inflammatory cytokine production in tumor-associated macrophages via targeting C/EBPbeta.</a> Cell Mol. Immunol. 6, 343-352 (2009).</li><li>Ponomarev, E. D., Veremeyko, T., Barteneva, N., Krichevsky, A. M., Weiner, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-124+promotes+microglia+quiescence+and+suppresses+EAE+by+deactivating+macrophages+via+the+C/EBP-alpha-PU.1+pathway.">MicroRNA-124 promotes microglia quiescence and suppresses EAE by deactivating macrophages via the C/EBP-alpha-PU.1 pathway.</a> Nat. Med. 17, 64-70 (2011).</li><li>Basu, S., Campbell, H. M., Dittel, B. N., Ray, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+Specific+Cell+Population+by+Fluorescence+Activated+Cell+Sorting+(FACS).">Purification of Specific Cell Population by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS).</a> J. Vis. Exp. (41), e1546-3791 (2010).</li><li>Gabriely, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA+21+promotes+glioma+invasion+by+targeting+matrix+metalloproteinase+regulators.">MicroRNA 21 promotes glioma invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase regulators.</a> Mol. Cell Biol. 28, 5369-5380 (2008).</li><li>Caffarelli, E., Filetici, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+regulation+in+cancer+development.">Epigenetic regulation in cancer development.</a> Front Biosci. 17, 2682-2694 (2011).</li><li>Cardona, A. E., Huang, D., Sasse, M. E., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+murine+microglial+cells+for+RNA+analysis+or+flow+cytometry.">Isolation of murine microglial cells for RNA analysis or flow cytometry.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 1947-1951 (2006).</li><li>Gordon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+magnetic+separation+method+for+high-yield+isolation+of+pure+primary+microglia.">A simple magnetic separation method for high-yield isolation of pure primary microglia.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 194, 287-296 (2011).</li><li>Moltzahn, F., Hunkapiller, N., Mir, A. A., Imbar, T., Blelloch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+Throughput+MicroRNA+Profiling:+Optimized+Multiplex+qRT-PCR+at+Nanoliter+Scale+on+the+Fluidigm+Dynamic+ArrayTM+IFCs.">High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (54), e2552 (2011).</li></ol>

관심의 어떠한 충돌 선언 없습니다.

최근에는 상당한 관심이 microglia 및 neuroinflammation 및 neurodegeneration와 관련된 많은 pathologies에서 이러한 세포의 관여로 주어졌다. 또한, 면역과 암 세포의 분화에 microRNAs의 역할이 극적으로 지난 몇 년 5,10 이상 성장했습니다. 우리는 이전에 정상 CNS 7 microglia의 비 활성 또는 휴식 표현형의 유지에 미르-124의 역할을보고했지만 microglia의 표현형 및 활성화 상태에있는 microRNAs의 다른 종...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 시약의 이름 </td><td> 회사 </td><td> 카탈로그 번호 </td><td> 댓글 </td></tr><tr><td> 1X PBS </td><td> GIBCO </td><td> 14,190 </td><td> 7.2-7.4 : 실험실, 산도에서 건조 구성 요소에서 준비할 수 </td></tr><tr><td> 10X PBS </td><td> 써모 과학 </td><td> SH30258.02 </td><td> 7.2-7.4 : 실험실, 산도에서 건조 구성 요소에서 준비할 수 </td></tr><tr><td> DMEM, FBS </td><td> GBCO </td><td> 11,965, 10,438 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> miRVana 키트 </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> AM1561 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Percoll </td><td> 시그마 </td><td> P4937-500 ML </td><td> 100 % Percoll 100 ML은 10X PBS의 10 ML과 시그마에서 Percoll의 90 ML을 혼합하여 준비가되어 있습니다. 70 % Percoll의 50 ML입니다100 % Percoll 35 ML로 혼합하여 준비과 DMEM의 15 ML 40 % Percoll의 50 ML는 혼합 100 % Percoll 20 ML 및 1X PBS의 30 ML에 의해 준비가되어 있습니다 </td></tr><tr><td> 35-55 펩타이드를 집고 양이 </td><td> AnaSpec INC </td><td> 60130-5 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CFA </td><td> DIFCO </td><td> 263,810 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 백일해 독소 </td><td> 시그마 </td><td> P7208 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> FcR는 항체를 차단 </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 553,142 </td><td> 클론 2.4G2 </td></tr><tr><td> 안티 CD11b - 체육 mAb </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 553,311 </td><td> 다른 fluorophores (예 : AF488)와 함께 사용할 수 있습니다 </td></tr><tr><td> 안티 CD45-APC-Cy7의 mABs </td><td> Biolegend </td><td> 103,116 </td><td> 다른 fluorophores (예 : APC)와 함께 사용할 수 있습니다 </td></tr><tr><td> Paraformaldehyde (16 %) </td><td> EMS INC </td><td> 15,710 </td><td> 1X PBS에서 1시 15분를 희석 </td></tr><tr><td> 15% TBE-우레아 젤 </td><td> 생명 기술 주식 회사 </td><td> EC68855BOX </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TaqMan의 MicroRNA 역방향 전송 키트 </td><td> 생명 기술 INC </td><td> 4,366,596 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TaqMan 범용 PCR 마스터 믹스 </td><td> 생명 기술 INC </td><td> 4,304,437 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TaqMan의 MicroRNA의 Assays MMU - 미르-124a </td><td> 생명 기술 INC </td><td> 4,427,975 ID 001182 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TaqMan의 MicroRNA의 Assays snoRNA-55 </td><td> 생명 기술 INC </td><td> 4,427,975 ID 001228 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Nuclease없는 물 </td><td> 생명 기술 INC </td><td> AM9937 </td><td> Nuclease없는 물 </td></tr><tr><td> 384도 투명 광학 반응 플레이트 </tD&gt; <td> 생명 기술 주식 회사 </td><td> 4,309,849 </td><td> 다른 실시간 PCR 장비에서 다른 접시 (예 : 96도 강판)로 대체 수 </td></tr><tr><td> 다운스 호모 지 나이저 (15 ML) </td><td> Wheaton의 과학 제품. </td><td> 358,044 </td><td> 테플론 / 유리 </td></tr><tr><td> 40 μ 나일론 셀 스트레이너 </td><td> 매 </td><td> 352,340 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 커다란 원심 분리기 </td><td> Sorval </td><td> RT 6000B </td><td> 로터 직경 18.5 cm </td></tr><tr><td> 소형 원심 분리기 </td><td> Eppendorf </td><td> 5415 R </td><td> 로터 직경 6.5 cm </td></tr><tr><td> 실시간 PCR 기기 </td><td> 생명 기술 주식 회사 </td><td> AB 7900 HT </td><td> 다른 장비로 대체 수 </td></tr><tr><td> 흐름 cytometer </td><td> BD Biosciencess </td><td> LSR II </td><td> 다른 장비로 대체 수 </TD&gt; </tr><tr><td> FACS </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> FACSAria </td><td> 다른 장비로 대체 수 </td></tr><tr><td> Nanodrop 분광 광도계 </td><td> 써모 과학 </td><td> Nanodrop 1000 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

detection of micrornas in microglia by real-time pcr in normal cns and during neuroinflammation

Microglia는 중추 신경계 (CNS) 1에 상주 골수양 혈통의 세포입니다. 이러한 세포는 여러 경화증 (MS) 2 등 neuroinflammation과 관련된 많은 질병의 pathologies에 중요한 역할을한다. 정상 CNS의 Microglia는 대식 세포 표시자 CD11b 표현과 같은 CD45와 같은 활성 마커의 낮은 수준을 표현하여 휴식 표현형을 나타냅니다. CNS의 병적인 행사 기간 동안 microglia는 CD45의 upregulation과 다른 마커 3 등의 결정이 활성화된다. microglia의 표현형 및 CNS의 기능에 영향을 미치는 요인을 잘 공부하지 않습니다. MicroRNAs는 (miRNAs) 등 세포 성장과 분화 4와 같은 염증 5와 pathologies 많은 정상적인 생리 과정에 관여하고 보존 분자 (~ 22 세포핵 길이)의 성장하는 가족입니다. MiRNAs가들의 구속력을 보완 시퀀스에서 특정 타겟 유전자의 표현을 downregulateIR mRNAs하고 macrophages 6 microglia 7을 포함하여 타고난 면역 세포의 활성화에 중요한 역할을한다. microglial 표현형, 생물 학적 기능을 정의하고, macrophages 다른 유형에서 microglia를 구별하는 miRNA-매개 경로를 조사하기 위해서는 양적 CNS 상주 microglia의 고유한 하위 집합에서 특정 microRNAs의 표현을 평가하는 것이 중요합니다. CNS의 miRNAs의 표현을 측정하는 일반적인 방법은 전체의 연결 조직에서하고 원위치 하이브리드화의 정량 PCR을 포함합니다. 그러나, 전체 조직 homogenate에서 정량 PCR은의 연결 조직 세포의 유일한 5~15%을 대표 microglia에서 miRNA의 표현의 평가를 허용하지 않습니다. 현장에서 하이브 리다이 제이션은 조직 섹션에서 특정 세포 유형에서 microRNA의 표현의 평가를 가능하지만,이 방법은 전적으로 양적 없습니다. 이 보고서에서는 양적와 SENS을 설명정상 CNS이나 실험적인 면역 encephalomyelitis (EAE), MS에 대한 마우스 모델을 사용 neuroinflammation 동안 격리 microglia의 실시간 PCR에 의한 miRNA의 검출을위한 itive 방식입니다. 설명한 방법은 정상 CNS에서 또는 MS, 뇌졸중, 외상성 부상, 알츠하이머 질환과 뇌종양 등 각종 pathologies과 관련된 neuroinflammation 중 microglia의 microRNAs의 표현의 수준을 측정하는 것이 유용할 것이다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation at JoVE.com

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Microglia은 중추 신경계의 방어 및 면역 감시의 첫번째 라인을 제공 macrophages를 거주하고 있습니다. MicroRNAs는 활성화 및 macrophages의 차별화 등 많은 생리 과정에 중요한 역할을 규제 분자입니다. 이 문서에서는 microglia에서 microRNAs의 측정을위한 방법을 설명합니다.

일반 CNS의 실시간 PCR에 의한과 Neuroinflammation 동안 Microglia에 MicroRNAs의 탐지

Microglia are cells of the myeloid lineage that reside in the central nervous system (CNS)1. These cells play an important role in pathologies of many ...

detection-micrornas-microglia-real-time-pcr-normal-cns-during

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

19.3K 조회수.  Harvard Medical School. Microglia은 중추 신경계의 방어 및 면역 감시의 첫번째 라인을 제공 macrophages를 거주하고 있습니다. MicroRNAs는 활성화 및 macrophages의 차별화 등 많은 생리 과정에 중요한 역할을 규제 분자입니다. 이 문서에서는 microglia에서 microRNAs의 측정을위한 방법을 설명합니다.

비디오: Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Real-time Imaging of Heterotypic Platelet-neutrophil Interactions on the Activated Endothelium During Vascular Inflammation and Thrombus Formation in Live Mice

Interaction of activated platelets and leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) on the activated endothelium mediates thrombosis and vascular inflammation.1,2 During thrombus formation at the site of arteriolar injury, platelets adherent to the activated endothelium and subendothelial matrix proteins support neutrophil rolling and adhesion.3 Conversely, under venular inflammatory conditions, neutrophils adherent to the activated endothelium can support adhesion and accumulation of circulating platelets. Heterotypic platelet-neutrophil aggregation requires sequential processes by the specific receptor-counter receptor interactions between cells.4 It is known that activated endothelial cells release adhesion molecules such as von Willebrand factor, thereby initiating platelet adhesion and accumulation under high shear conditions.5 Also, activated endothelial cells support neutrophil rolling and adhesion by expressing selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), respectively, under low shear conditions.4 Platelet P-selectin interacts with neutrophils through P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), thereby inducing activation of neutrophil &beta;2 integrins and firm adhesion between two cell types. Despite the advances in in vitro experiments in which heterotypic platelet-neutrophil interactions are determined in whole blood or isolated cells,6,7 those studies cannot manipulate oxidant stress conditions during vascular disease. In this report, using fluorescently-labeled, specific antibodies against a mouse platelet and neutrophil marker, we describe a detailed intravital microscopic protocol to monitor heterotypic interactions of platelets and neutrophils on the activated endothelium during TNF-&alpha;-induced inflammation or following laser-induced injury in cremaster muscle microvessels of live mice.

Here we report an experimental technique of fluorescence intravital microscopy to visualize heterotypic platelet-neutrophil interactions on the activated endothelium during vascular inflammation and thrombus formation in live mice. This microscopic technology will be valuable to study the molecular mechanism of vascular disease and to test pharmacologic agents under pathophysiological conditions.

라이브 마우스의 혈관 염증과 혈전 형성하는 동안 활성화 내피에 Heterotypic 혈소판 - 호중구 상호 작용의 실시간 영상

Interaction of activated platelets and leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) on the activated endothelium mediates thrombosis and vascular inflammation.1,2 ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Microglia are the resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and, as such, have critically important roles in physiological and pathological processes such as CNS maturation in development, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Microglia can be activated and recruited to action by neuronal injury or stimulation, such as axonal damage seen in MS or ischemic brain trauma resulting from stroke. These immunocompetent members of the CNS are also thought to have roles in synaptic plasticity under non-pathological conditions. We employ protocols for culturing microglia from the neonatal and adult tissues that are aimed to maximize the viable cell numbers while minimizing confounding variables, such as the presence of other CNS cell types and cell culture debris. We utilize large and easily discernable CNS components (e.g. cortex, spinal cord segments), which makes the entire process feasible and reproducible. The use of adult cells is a suitable alternative to the use of neonatal brain microglia, as many pathologies studied mainly affect the postnatal spinal cord. These culture systems are also useful for directly testing the effect of compounds that may either inhibit or promote microglial activation. Since microglial activation can shape the outcomes of disease in the adult CNS, there is a need for in vitro systems in which neonatal and adult microglia can be cultured and studied.

We outline methods for the efficient and quick isolation/culture of viable microglia from the neonatal cerebral cortex and adult spinal cord. The dissection and plating of cortical microglia can be accomplished within 90 minutes, with the subsequent microglial harvest taking place ~ 10 days following the initial dissection.

신생아와 성인 중추 신경계에서 배양 소교 세포

Microglia are the resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and, as such, have critically important roles in physiological and ...

Real-time Imaging of Endothelial Cell-cell Junctions During Neutrophil Transmigration Under Physiological Flow

During inflammation, leukocytes leave the circulation and cross the endothelium to fight invading pathogens in underlying tissues. This process is known as leukocyte transendothelial migration. Two routes for leukocytes to cross the endothelial monolayer have been described: the paracellular route, i.e., through the cell-cell junctions and the transcellular route, i.e., through the endothelial cell body. However, it has been technically difficult to discriminate between the para- and transcellular route. We developed a simple in vitro assay to study the distribution of endogenous VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 during neutrophil transendothelial migration under physiological flow conditions. Prior to neutrophil perfusion, endothelial cells were briefly treated with fluorescently-labeled antibodies against VE-cadherin and PECAM-1. These antibodies did not interfere with the function of both proteins, as was determined by electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing and FRAP measurements. Using this assay, we were able to follow the distribution of endogenous VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 during transendothelial migration under flow conditions and discriminate between the para- and transcellular migration routes of the leukocytes across the endothelium.

Leukocytes cross the endothelial monolayer using the paracellular or the transcellular route. We developed a simple assay to follow the distribution of endogenous junctional VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 during leukocyte transendothelial migration under physiological flow to discriminate between the two transmigration routes.

호중구 윤회에서 생리 흐름 중 내피 세포 - 세포 접합의 실시간 영상

During inflammation, leukocytes leave the circulation and cross the endothelium to fight invading pathogens in underlying tissues. This process is known ...

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune cells within tumors and have been shown to promote tumor progression. Modern intravital imaging techniques enable the observation of live cellular behavior inside the organ but can be challenging in some types of cancer due to organ and tumor accessibility such as intestine. Direct observation of intestinal tumors has not been previously reported. A surgical procedure described here allows direct observation of myeloid cell dynamics within the intestinal tumors in live mice by using transgenic fluorescent reporter mice and injectable tracers or antibodies. For this purpose, a four-color, multi-region, micro-lensed spinning disk confocal microscope that allows long-term continuous imaging with rapid image acquisition has been used. ApcMin/+ mice that develop multiple adenomas in the small intestine are crossed with c-fms-EGFP mice to visualize myeloid cells and with ACTB-ECFP mice to visualize intestinal epithelial cells of the crypts. Procedures for labeling different tumor components, such as blood vessels and neutrophils, and the procedure for positioning the tumor for imaging through the serosal surface are also described. Time-lapse movies compiled from several hours of imaging allow the analysis of myeloid cell behavior in situ in the intestinal microenvironment.

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

By using transgenic reporter mice and injectable fluorescent labels, long-term intravital spinning disk confocal microscopy enables direct visualization of myeloid cell behavior into intestinal adenoma in the ApcMin/+ colorectal cancer model.

골수 세포 역학의 실시간 영상<em&gt; APC<sup&gt; 최소 / +</sup</em&gt; 소장 종양 디스크 공 초점 현미경을 회전시켜

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune cells within tumors and have been shown to promote tumor progression. Modern intravital imaging techniques ...

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) are circularized DNA elements formed during recombination process that creates T- and B-cell receptors. Because TRECs and KRECs are unable to replicate, they are diluted after each cell division, and therefore persist in the cell. Their quantity in peripheral blood can be considered as an estimation of thymic and bone marrow output. By combining well established and commonly used TREC assay with a modified version of KREC assay, we have developed a duplex quantitative real-time PCR that allows quantification of both newly-produced T and B lymphocytes in a single assay. The number of TRECs and KRECs are obtained using a standard curve prepared by serially diluting TREC and KREC signal joints cloned in a bacterial plasmid, together with a fragment of T-cell receptor alpha constant gene that serves as reference gene. Results are reported as number of TRECs and KRECs/106 cells or per ml of blood. The quantification of these DNA fragments have been proven useful for monitoring immune reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation in both children and adults, for improved characterization of immune deficiencies, or for better understanding of certain immunomodulating drug activity.

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles TRECs and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles KRECs by Real-time PCR

Here, we describe a method for simultaneous quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs). The TREC/KREC assay can be used as marker of thymic and bone marrow output.

T 세포 수용체 절제술 원의 동시 정량 (TRECs)와 K-삭제 재조합 절제술 원 (KRECs) 실시간 PCR에 의한

T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) are circularized DNA elements formed during recombination ...

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Described in this report is a qRT-PCR assay for the analysis of seventeen human IFN subtypes in a 384-well plate format that incorporates highly specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) and molecular beacon (MB) probes, transcript standards, automated multichannel pipetting, and plate drying. Determining expression among the type I interferons (IFN), especially the twelve IFN-&#945; subtypes, is limited by their shared sequence identity; likewise, the sequences of the type III IFN, especially IFN-&#955;2 and -&#955;3, are highly similar. This assay provides a reliable, reproducible, and relatively inexpensive means to analyze the expression of the seventeen interferon subtype transcripts.

This protocol describes a high-throughput qRT-PCR assay for the analysis of type I and III IFN expression signatures. The assay discriminates single base pair differences between the highly similar transcripts of these genes. Through batch assembly and robotic pipetting, the assays are consistent and reproducible.

높은 처리량 정량 실시간 RT-PCR 분석 유형 I과 III 인터페론 하위 유형의 발현 양상을 결정하는

Described in this report is a qRT-PCR assay for the analysis of seventeen human IFN subtypes in a 384-well plate format that incorporates highly specific ...

Imaging Neutrophils and Monocytes in Mesenteric Veins by Intravital Microscopy on Anaesthetized Mice in Real Time

Efficient immune response is dependent on rapid mobilization of blood leukocytes to the site of infection or injury. Investigating leukocyte migration in vivo is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of leukocyte transendothelial migration and interaction with vascular endothelium. One powerful approach involves intravital microscopy on transgenic mice expressing fluorescent proteins in cells of interest.
Here we present a protocol for imaging monocytes and neutrophils in the CX3CR1gfp/wt mouse i.v. injected with orange dye-labeled neutrophils with an inverted confocal microscope. Time-lapse movies gathered from 30 min&#160;to several hours of imaging allow the analysis of leukocyte behavior in mesenteric veins under both steady state and inflammatory conditions. We also describe the steps to locally induce blood vessel inflammation with TLR2/TLR1 agonist Pam3SK4 and monitor the subsequent recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes.
The presented technique can also be used to monitor other populations of leukocytes and investigate molecules implicated in leukocyte recruitment or trafficking using other stimuli or transgenic mice.

We detail a protocol to monitor the behavior of neutrophils and monocytes in mesenteric veins under steady state and inflammatory conditions using intravital confocal microscopy on anaesthetized mice.

실시간으로 마취 마우스에 생체 내에 현미경으로 장간막 혈관에서 호중구와 단핵구 이미징

Efficient immune response is dependent on rapid mobilization of blood leukocytes to the site of infection or injury. Investigating leukocyte migration in ...

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR (RS-PCR)

The ribosomal spacer PCR (RS-PCR) is a highly resolving and robust genotyping method for S. aureus that allows a high throughput at moderate costs and is, therefore, suitable to be used for routine purposes. For best resolution, data evaluation and data management, a miniaturized electrophoresis system is required. Together with such an electrophoresis system and the in-house developed software (freely available here) assignment of the pattern of bands to a genotype is standardized and straight forward. DNA extraction is simple (boiling prep), setting-up of the reactions is easy and they can be run on any standard PCR machine. PCR cycling is common except prolonged ramping and elongation times. Compared to spa typing and Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), RS-PCR does not require DNA sequencing what simplifies the analysis considerably and allows a high throughput. Furthermore, the resolution for bovine strains of S. aureus is at least as good as spa typing and better than MLST or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The RS-PCR data base includes presently a total of 141 genotypes and variants. The method is highly associated with the virulence gene pattern, contagiosity and pathogenicity of S. aureus strains involved in bovine mastitis. S. aureus genotype B (GTB) is contagious and causes herds problems causing large costs in the Switzerland and other European countries. All the other genotypes observed in Switzerland infect individual cows and quarters. Genotyping by RS-PCR allows the reliable prediction of the epidemiological and the pathogenic potential of S. aureus involved in bovine intramammary infection (IMI), two key factors for clinical veterinary medicine. Because of these beneficial properties together with moderate costs and a high sample throughput the goal of this publication is to give a detailed, step-by-step protocol for easily establishing and running RS-PCR for genotyping S. aureus in other laboratories.

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR RS-PCR

Here, ribosomal spacer PCR (RS-PCR) is used together with a miniaturized electrophoresis system as a fast and high resolution method for genotyping S. aureus at moderate costs allowing a high throughput.

의 유전자형<em&gt; 황색 포도상 구균</em&gt;에 의해 리보솜 스페이서 PCR (RS-PCR)

The ribosomal spacer PCR (RS-PCR) is a highly resolving and robust genotyping method for S. aureus that allows a high throughput at moderate costs and is, ...

High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR

Nanoliter scale real-time PCR uses spatial multiplexing to allow multiple assays to be run in parallel on a single plate without the typical drawbacks of combining reactions together. We designed and evaluated a panel based on this principle to rapidly identify the presence of common disease agents in dogs and horses with acute respiratory illness. This manuscript describes a nanoscale diagnostic PCR workflow for sample preparation, amplification, and analysis of target pathogen sequences, focusing on procedures that are different from microliter scale reactions. In the respiratory panel presented, 18 assays were each set up in triplicate, accommodating up to 48 samples per plate. A universal extraction and pre-amplification workflow was optimized for high-throughput sample preparation to accommodate multiple matrices and DNA and RNA based pathogens. Representative data are presented for one RNA target (influenza A matrix) and one DNA target (equine herpesvirus 1). The ability to quickly and accurately test for a comprehensive, syndrome-based group of pathogens is a valuable tool for improving efficiency and ergonomics of diagnostic testing and for acute respiratory disease diagnosis and management.

High-throughput testing of DNA and RNA based pathogens by nanoscale PCR is described using a syndromic canine and equine respiratory PCR panel.

나노 PCR에 의한 동물 표본의 호흡기 병원체의 높은 처리량 검출

Nanoliter scale real-time PCR uses spatial multiplexing to allow multiple assays to be run in parallel on a single plate without the typical drawbacks of ...

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

The RT-QuIC technique is a sensitive in vitro cell-free prion amplification assay based mainly on the seeded misfolding and aggregation of recombinant prion protein (PrP) substrate using prion seeds as a template for the conversion. RT-QuIC is a novel high-throughput technique which is analogous to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Detection of amyloid fibril growth is based on the dye Thioflavin T, which fluoresces upon specific interaction with &#7526;-sheet rich proteins. Thus, amyloid formation can be detected in real time. We attempted to develop a reliable non-invasive screening test to detect chronic wasting disease (CWD) prions in fecal extract. Here, we have specifically adapted the RT-QuIC technique to reveal PrPSc seeding activity in feces of CWD infected cervids. Initially, the seeding activity of the fecal extracts we prepared was relatively low in RT-QuIC, possibly due to potential assay inhibitors in the fecal material. To improve seeding activity of feces extracts and remove potential assay inhibitors, we homogenized the fecal samples in a buffer containing detergents and protease inhibitors. We also submitted the samples to different methodologies to concentrate PrPSc on the basis of protein precipitation using sodium phosphotungstic acid, and centrifugal force. Finally, the feces extracts were tested by optimized RT-QuIC which included substrate replacement in the protocol to improve the sensitivity of detection. Thus, we established a protocol for sensitive detection of CWD prion seeding activity in feces of pre-clinical and clinical cervids by RT-QuIC, which can be a practical tool for non-invasive CWD diagnosis.

Here, we present a protocol to describe a simple, fast and efficient prion amplification technique, the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) method.

실시간 떨게 유발 CWD Prions 지저분한 자료의 검색을 위한 변환 분석 결과

The RT-QuIC technique is a sensitive in vitro cell-free prion amplification assay based mainly on the seeded misfolding and aggregation of recombinant ...