그들의 협력은 매우 평가된다 - 저자는 그 보트 우리가에서 샘플링 할 수 있던 모든 뉴 잉글랜드 상업 lobstermen에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. 또한, 우리는 리틀 베이 랍스터 회사 (뉴 잉턴, NH) 우리는 자신의 시설에서 샘플링을 수행 할 수 챔 플린의 요리 (포인트 주디스, RI)를 감사합니다. 다음 UNH 학생은이 연구를 통해 귀중한 도움을 제공 : 헤일리 화이트, 프랑소와 모리슨, 사라 Havener, 드라 Chaput, 월 그로스를. 이 프로젝트는 WHW (프로젝트 # 1 R/CFR-11)과 JSG에 UNH 해양 프로그램 그랜트 NH의 SeaGrant에서 교부금에 의해 지원되었다.

파트 A : 필드 샘플링 기술 1. 여성 측정 <ol><li> 암컷 랍스터 들어 갑 길이 (CL)와 캘리퍼스 쌍을 사용하여 가장 가까운 1.0 mm로 제 복근 세그먼트의 폭을 측정. NOTE : (암컷이 알을 수행) 복부의 폭 성적인 성숙의 지표이므로 제 복부 세그먼트가 측정된다. 또한다 (단계 1.2 참조) 이후 생식 단계와 이러한 데이터를 일치 탈피 스테이지를 확인하는 것이 바람직 할 수있다. </li><li> 복부 pleopods 중 하나 (바다 가재의 표준 방법론 프로토콜) 떨어져 작은 말단 부분을 클립 나중에 해부 현미경 9 볼 깨끗한 해수 pleopod을 저장합니다. 참고 :이 단계는 또한 여성은 자신의 알 (10)를 돌출 준비하고 표시하는 pleopods, 시멘트 샘의 존재를 발견 할 수 있다는 것입니다. </li></ol> 2. 바늘 INSErtion <ol><li> (18 G 표 1 참조) 주사기 바늘을 삽입 ~ 45 ° (그림 1) ~에서 꼬리쪽으로 기울어 진 정액 콘센트에 1cm. 참고 :이 전에 정액 소켓의 맨 아래에있는 정자의 높은 농도 (그림 1)에 도달하는 정자의 플러그를 통해 밀려으로 그대로 정자 플러그와 바다 가재에, 바늘, 삽입시 약간의 저항을 만날 수있다. 참고 : 플러그의 존재는 그 자체로, 바다 가재가 성관계를했다고 신뢰할 수있는 지표입니다. 어떤 동물에 spermatophore가 없을 가능성이 있기 때문에, 약간의 저항이있을 수 있으므로, spermatophore는 아직 플러그인으로 강화되지 않았거나 이미 계란 하나 이상의 클러치를 비옥하게하는 데 사용되었을 수 있습니다 작다. </li></ol><img alt="그림 1" fo:content-width="5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50498/50498fig1highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/50498/50498fig1.jpg" wid일 = &quot;600PX&quot;/&gt; 그림 1. 바늘 삽입 및 가재 정액 용기의보기. 정자 샘플을 추출하는 가재의 정액 소켓에 뭉툭한 팁 바늘을 삽입. 바늘의 각도와 깊이는 모두 일관된 샘플을 얻기에 중요합니다. 오른쪽 : 해부 및 수직으로 분할 된 정액 소켓의 전망. 정자는 용기의 바닥 (가장 깊은 지점)에 위치하는 동안 정자의 플러그는 콘센트의 위쪽이나 바깥 쪽 부분을 차지합니다. 그것은이 깊이 아래 샘플링 용기에 구멍과 혈액 오염 된 샘플을 초래할 수 있으므로주의하는 것이 중요합니다. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/50498/50498fig1highres.jpg" target="_blank">더 큰 이미지를 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오</a> . 3. 정자 플러그를 관통 <ol><li> 초기 삽입 후, (몸체 축에 수직 한) 거의 수직으로 바늘의 각도를 가파르게하고, 매우 천천히 작동하기 시작할아래 소켓에. </li><li> 끝이 꼬리를 향해 약간의 포인트가되어 있도록 각도로 기울어 진 바늘을 유지합니다. 그것이 결국 매트릭스에 침투 할 때까지이 경우 바늘 끝이 플러그의 상단을 압축한다. </li><li> 저항을 한 번 더 느껴질 때까지 천천히 아래로 바늘을 밀어 계속 -이 용기의 바닥과 샘플 촬영입니다. </li></ol> 4. 정자 제거 <ol><li> 용기의 바닥에서 샘플 (종종 솔리드 플러그 재료, 액체 정자와 다른 유체)를 제거하고 레이블이 2.0 ㎖의 플라스틱 튜브에 샘플을 입금. </li><li> 차가운 해수 ~ 0.1 ~ 0.5 ㎖로 용기를 세척합니다. </li><li> 같은 튜브에 유체 및 장소의 약 0.3 ML를 제거합니다. </li><li> 얼음에 저장 정자 샘플들이 실험실에서 검사 할 수있을 때까지. 파트 B : 실험실에서 정자 샘플의 시험 참고 : 개별 L의 정액 소켓에서 제거 샘플<html> obsters는 정자 세포가 존재 또는 부재되었는지 확인하기 위해 조사해야합니다. </li><li> 각 플라스틱 튜브, 커버 슬립 유리 슬라이드에 장소 및 복합 현미경으로 100 배의보기에서 ~ 유체의 50 μL를 제거합니다. </li><li> 로 샘플을 점수 : 부족한 다수의 또는 결석 정자 (이 연구는 실제 정자의 숫자, 그림 2의 양을하지 않았다). </li></ol><img alt="그림 2" fo:content-width="5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50498/50498fig2highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/50498/50498fig2.jpg" width="600px" /> 그림 2. 가재 정자 샘플 이미지. 40 배 배율로 복합 현미경으로 볼 때, 여성의 정액 콘센트에서 찍은 가재 정자 샘플의 이미지. 왼쪽의 이미지는 다른 (오른쪽) 스파 스 샘플 (스케일 바 = 10 ㎛)를 보여줍니다 동안 수많은 정자가 포함 된 샘플을 보여줍니다.. JPG &quot;대상 =&quot;_blank &quot;&gt; 큰 이미지를 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.

<ol>
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저자는 관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

이 비디오 및 종이 윤곽과 여성 가재 성공적 정합 한 경우를 결정하기위한 방법을 보여준다. 이러한 접근 방식은 사용자의 다양한 의해 바다 가재의 대규모 샘플링에 사용될 수있을만큼 간단하다. 이 방법은 짝짓기하는 동안 남성에서 여성 바닷가에 전달되는 정액 소켓에 spermatophore의 존재를 검출을 기반으로합니다. 이러한 spermatophores 부분적들이 리셉터클에 퇴적 직후 정자 마개로 경화되므로, ...

<html> 미국 가재 (Homarus의 americanus)는 북대서양 (~ 390,000,000달러 상당의 2011 년 56,000 MT) 1에서 가장 생산적인 어업 중 하나입니다. 그러나, 자연 개체군에서이 종의 생식 역학에 대한 이해의 일반적인 부족이있다. 적극적 재생 참여 개인의 개수 및 크기 등의 생식 출력의보다 정확한 추정치를, 생성하는 콘텐츠 평가 프로세스를 향상시킬 수도있다. 가시가있는 가재 2, 꽃게 3, 킹 게 4, 돌 게 5, 스노우 게 예를 들어, 때문에 정자 제한에 자신의 모든 생식 잠재력을 달성하는 것을 방지하는 여성은 등 여러 가지 상업적으로 악용 해양 갑각류에 대한 우려로 확인되었다 6. 전반적인 목표는 정자의 제한뿐만 아니라 미국 가재 어업의 특정 지역의 요인이 될 수 있는지 확인하는 것입니다. NT &quot;&gt; (눈에 띄게 손상, 최근 압출 계란) ovigerous 여성 바닷가 재와 관련이없는 태그 연구를 수행하는 동안 바닷가에있는 잠재적 인 정자 제한 문제의 첫 번째 징후가 관찰되었다. ~이 동물의 15 %가 떨어졌다 지적 어부의 보고서를 탈환 그들의 계란 클러치 만 1-2개월 후. 작업 가설은 몇 가지 가재 기름지게되지 않았다 계란을 운반하고, 그 결과로, &#39;떨어졌다&#39;7. 후속 연구의 예비 자료는 사실을 확인했다였습니다 그 바다 가재 것 그들이 성공적으로 성관계를하지 않은이 미 수정 계란 만 ~ 1개월 8에 대해 실시하는 경우에도 알을 돌출. 따라서, 자연 인구에서 미 수정 난자를 운반하는 여성의 관찰 주어진, 우리는 정자 제한에 기여 될 수있는 정도를 결정하는 모색 성적 성숙 가재 의해 재생 준 최대 레벨.이 목표를 달성하기 위해, 기술은 spermato를 검출하기 위해 개발되었다phore는 짝짓기하는 동안 남성에 의해 증착. 이 논문 및 비디오 여성 가재의 짝짓기 성공을 판명 위해 개발 된 비 침습적, 간단한 방법을 설명합니다. 이 기술은 바다에서, 어느 연구 또는 상업적 어선을 타고 신속하고 안정적​​으로 이용 될 수있다. 이러한 샘플링 방법의 세부 사항뿐 아니라 몇몇 대표적인 결과는 기술의 애플리케이션을 예시하기 위해 제시된다.

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			<td height="10" style="height:10px;width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:163px;">2.0 mL plastic storage tubes</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Eppendorf&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">wu-06333-72</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.coleparmer.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="10">
			<td height="10" style="height:10px;width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:163px;">Styrofoam cooler with ice</td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="10">
			<td height="10" style="height:10px;width:163px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:163px;">Compound light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Olympus&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">BH System</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.olympusamerica.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="10">
			<td height="10" style="height:10px;width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:163px;">Glass sides with cover slip</td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;">75 mm x 25 mm, ~ 1 mm thickness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="10">
			<td height="10" style="height:10px;width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:163px;">Pipettor with disposable tips</td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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a noninvasive method for in situ determination of mating success in female american lobsters (homarus americanus)

북서 대서양에서 가장 생산적인 어업 중 하나 임에도 불구하고, 많은 미국 가재의 자연 생식 역학에 대한 알 수없는 남아있다. 악용 갑각류 인구 (게, 가재)의 최근 작업은 성숙한 여성 인해 정액 제한에 자신의 모든 생식 잠재력을 달성 할 수없는 경우가 있습니다 것을 제안합니다. 미국 가재 어업의 다른 지역에서이 가능성을 검토하기 위해, 안전하고 비 침습적 인 방법은 바다에서 여성 가재 많은 수의 샘플링을 위해 개발되었습니다. 이 방법은 정자 플러그의 유무를 결정하고, 정자의 존재를 조사 할 수있는 샘플을 인출 한 여성의 정액 리셉터클에 무딘 팁 니들을 삽입하는 것을 포함한다. 대조군 연구의 시리즈는이 기술의 안정성을 테스트하는 도크와 연구실에서 수행 하였다. 이러한 노력은 294 여성 가재 확인을 위해 샘플링을 수반하는 존재의 오FA 정자 플러그는 신뢰할 수있는 용기 내에서 정자의 표시 따라서, 교배했다. 이 논문은 방법론과 샘플링 전체 여성의 하위 집합에서 얻은 결과를 자세히 설명합니다. 조지 은행과 케이프 앤, MA에서 샘플 (230) 여성 바다 가재 (크기 범위는 = 등딱지 길이 71~1백45밀리미터), 90.3 %는 정자에 긍정적이었다. 일부 여성에서 정자의 부재에 대한 잠재적 인 설명은 다음을 포함한다 : 미숙 (생리적 성숙의 부족), 계란의 클러치를 비옥하게하는 데 사용 된 후 정자 플러그의 고장, 짝짓기 활동의 부족. 조사는 여성 가재 메이팅 성공을 조사하기위한이 기술은 자연 인구 생식 활동을 문서화하는 분야에서 사용할 수있는 신뢰할 수있는 프록시임을 나타낸다.

<html> 여기에보고 된 데이터의 연안 및 해양 지역 모두에서 유래 여성 바다 가재의 하위 집합했다. 의 연안 그룹은 케이프 앤, 매사 추세 츠 근처의 연안 해역에서 캡처 시험을위한 실험실로 냉각기에 수송되었다 44 바다 가재로 구성되었다. 186 해상 바다 가재의 총 조지 은행에 캡처 뉴 햄프셔에서 상용 보유 시설에서 샘플링되었다. 정자 샘플은 전술 된 방법에 따라 모든 동물...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Noninvasive Method For In situ Determination of Mating Success in Female American Lobsters Homarus americanus at JoVE.com

A Noninvasive Method For In situ Determination of Mating Success in Female American Lobsters Homarus americanus

이러한 미국의 랍스터 어업으로 악용 갑각류 어업에 어업에 의한 변화는 잠재적 짝짓기 성공의 감소로 이어지는, 생식 역학에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 이 연구의 목표는 생리 학적으로 또는 기능적으로 성숙 될 수 있습니다 여성의 바다 가재의 짝짓기 성공을 판명하기위한 비 침습적 방법을 개발하는 것이 었습니다.

에 대한 비 침습적 방법<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 여성 미국의 바닷가에 연결 성공 (의 결정<em&gt; Homarus의 americanus</em&gt;)

Despite being one of the most productive fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic, much remains unknown about the natural reproductive dynamics of American ...

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JoVE Journal

Environment

A Noninvasive Method For In situ Determination of Mating Success in Female American Lobsters (Homarus americanus)

10.9K 조회수.  University of New Hampshire.  이러한 미국의 랍스터 어업으로 악용 갑각류 어업에 어업에 의한 변화는 잠재적 짝짓기 성공의 감소로 이어지는, 생식 역학에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 이 연구의 목표는 생리 학적으로 또는 기능적으로 성숙 될 수 있습니다 여성의 바다 가재의 짝짓기 성공을 판명하기위한 비 침습적 방법을 개발하는 것이 었습니다. 

비디오: A Noninvasive Method For In situ Determination of Mating Success in Female American Lobsters Homarus americanus

A Technique to Screen American Beech for Resistance to the Beech Scale Insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.)

Beech bark disease (BBD) results in high levels of initial mortality, leaving behind survivor trees that are greatly weakened and deformed.&#160;The disease is initiated by feeding activities of the invasive beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, which creates entry points for infection by one of the Neonectria species of fungus.&#160;Without scale infestation, there is little opportunity for fungal infection. Using scale eggs to artificially infest healthy trees in heavily BBD impacted stands demonstrated that these trees were resistant to the scale insect portion of the disease complex1.&#160;Here we present a protocol that we have developed, based on the artificial infestation technique by Houston2, which can be used to screen for scale-resistant trees in the field and in smaller potted seedlings and grafts.&#160;The identification of scale-resistant trees is an important component of management of BBD through tree improvement programs and silvicultural manipulation.

A Technique to Screen American Beech for Resistance to the Beech Scale Insect Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.

Beech bark disease is initiated by feeding activities of the beech scale insect that create fungal entry points in the bark.&#160;Trees that are resistant to the scale insect are also disease resistant.&#160;Here we present the protocol we have developed to screen individual beech trees for beech scale resistance.

비치 스케일 곤충에 대한 저항에 대한 미국 밤나무를 (화면에 기술<em&gt; 크립토 fagisuga</em&gt; 린드.)

Beech bark disease (BBD) results in high levels of initial mortality, leaving behind survivor trees that are greatly weakened and deformed.&#160;The ...

연구

환경과학

VacuSIP, an Improved InEx Method for In Situ Measurement of Particulate and Dissolved Compounds Processed by Active Suspension Feeders

Benthic suspension feeders play essential roles in the functioning of marine ecosystems. By filtering large volumes of water, removing plankton and detritus, and excreting particulate and dissolved compounds, they serve as important agents for benthic-pelagic coupling. Accurately measuring the compounds removed and excreted by suspension feeders (such as sponges, ascidians, polychaetes, bivalves) is crucial for the study of their physiology, metabolism, and feeding ecology, and is fundamental to determine the ecological relevance of the nutrient fluxes mediated by these organisms. However, the assessment of the rate by which suspension feeders process particulate and dissolved compounds in nature is restricted by the limitations of the currently available methodologies. Our goal was to develop a simple, reliable, and non-intrusive method that would allow clean and controlled water sampling from a specific point, such as the excurrent aperture of benthic suspension feeders, in situ. Our method allows simultaneous sampling of inhaled and exhaled water of the studied organism by using minute tubes installed on a custom-built manipulator device and carefully positioned inside the exhalant orifice of the sampled organism. Piercing a septum on the collecting vessel with a syringe needle attached to the distal end of each tube allows the external pressure to slowly force the sampled water into the vessel through the sampling tube. The slow and controlled sampling rate allows integrating the inherent patchiness in the water while ensuring contamination free sampling. We provide recommendations for the most suitable filtering devices, collection vessel, and storing procedures for the analyses of different particulate and dissolved compounds. The VacuSIP system offers a reliable method for the quantification of undisturbed suspension feeder metabolism in natural conditions that is cheap and easy to learn and apply to assess the physiology and functional role of filter feeders in different ecosystems.

VacuSIP, an Improved InEx Method for In Situ Measurement of Particulate and Dissolved Compounds Processed by Active Suspension Feeders

We introduce the VacuSIP, a simple, non-intrusive, and reliable method for clean and accurate point sampling of water. The system was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous collection of the water inhaled and exhaled by benthic suspension feeders in situ, to cleanly measure removal and excretion of particulate and dissolved compounds.

VacuSIP, 개선 INEX 방법에 대한<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 미립자의 측정 및 용존 화합물은 액티브 서스펜션 피더에 의해 처리

Benthic suspension feeders play essential roles in the functioning of marine ecosystems. By filtering large volumes of water, removing plankton and ...

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

This paper introduces a procedure to investigate the adsorption of phosphonates onto iron-containing filter materials, particularly granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), with little effort and high reliability. The phosphonate, e.g., nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid (NTMP), is brought into contact with the GFH in a rotator in a solution buffered by an organic acid (e.g., acetic acid) or Good buffer (e.g., 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid) [MES] and N-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid [CAPSO]) in a concentration of 10 mM for a specific time in 50 mL centrifuge tubes. Subsequently, after membrane filtration (0.45 &#181;m pore size), the total phosphorus (total P) concentration is measured using a specifically developed determination method (ISOmini). This method is a modification and simplification of the ISO 6878 method: a 4 mL sample is mixed with H2SO4 and K2S2O8 in a screw cap vial, heated to 148-150 &#176;C for 1 h and then mixed with NaOH, ascorbic acid and acidified molybdate with antimony(III) (final volume of 10 mL) to produce a blue complex. The color intensity, which is linearly proportional to the phosphorus concentration, is measured spectrophotometrically (880 nm). It is demonstrated that the buffer concentration used has no significant effect on the adsorption of phosphonate between pH 4 and 12. The buffers, therefore, do not compete with the phosphonate for adsorption sites. Furthermore, the relatively high concentration of the buffer requires a higher dosage concentration of oxidizing agent (K2S2O8) for digestion than that specified in ISO 6878, which, together with the NaOH dosage, is matched to each buffer. Despite the simplification, the ISOmini method does not lose any of its accuracy compared to the standardized method.

This paper introduces a procedure to investigate the adsorption of phosphonates onto iron-containing filter materials, particularly granular ferric hydroxide, with little effort and high reliability. In a buffered solution, the phosphonate is brought into contact with the adsorbent using a rotator and then analyzed via a miniaturized phosphorus determination method.

소형 인 결정 방법을 사용 하 여 세분화 된 제 2 철 수산화에 Phosphonates의 흡착을 결정 하기 위한 최적화 된 절차

This paper introduces a procedure to investigate the adsorption of phosphonates onto iron-containing filter materials, particularly granular ferric ...

In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples

Corals are important ocean invertebrates that are critical for overall ocean health as well as human health. However, due to human impacts such as rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification, corals are increasingly under threat. To tackle these challenges, advances in cell and molecular biology have proven to be crucial for diagnosing the health of corals. Modifying some of the techniques commonly used in human medicine could greatly improve researchers&#39; ability to treat and save corals. To address this, a protocol for in situ hybridization used primarily in human medicine and evolutionary developmental biology has been adapted for use in adult corals under stress.
The purpose of this method is to visualize the spatial expression of an RNA probe in adult coral tissue that has been embedded in paraffin and sectioned onto glass slides. This method focuses on removal of the paraffin and rehydration of the sample, pretreatment of the sample to ensure permeability of the sample, pre-hybridization incubation, hybridization of the RNA probe, and visualization of the RNA probe. This is a powerful method when using non-model organisms to discover where specific genes are expressed, and the protocol can be easily adapted for other non-model organisms. However, the method is limited in that it is primarily qualitative, because expression intensity can vary depending on the amount of time used during the visualization step and the concentration of the probe. Furthermore, patience is required, as this protocol can take up to 5 days (and in many cases, longer) depending on the probe being used. Finally, non-specific background staining is common, but this limitation can be overcome.

In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples

The goal of this protocol is to perform in situ hybridization on adult coral samples that have been embedded in paraffin and sectioned onto glass slides. This is a qualitative method used to visualize the spatial expression of an RNA anti-sense probe in paraffin-embedded tissues.

제자리에서 파라핀 포함 성인 산호 샘플에 대 한 교 잡 기술

Corals are important ocean invertebrates that are critical for overall ocean health as well as human health. However, due to human impacts such as rising ...

A Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Identification of Bemisia tabaci

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an invasive pest of considerable importance, affecting the production of vegetable and ornamental crops in many countries around the world. Severe yield losses are caused by direct feeding, and even more importantly, also by the transmission of more than 100 harmful plant pathogenic viruses. As for other invasive pests, increased international trade facilitates the dispersal of B. tabaci to areas beyond its native range. Inspections of plant import products at points of entry such as seaports and airports are, therefore, seen as an important prevention measure. However, this last line of defense against pest invasions is only effective if rapid identification methods for suspicious insect specimens are readily available. Because the morphological differentiation between the regulated B. tabaci and close relatives without quarantine status is difficult for non-taxonomists, a rapid molecular identification assay based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology has been developed. This publication reports the detailed protocol of the novel assay describing rapid DNA extraction, set-up of the LAMP reaction, as well as interpretation of its read-out, which allows identifying B. tabaci specimens within one hour. Compared to existing protocols for the detection of specific B. tabaci biotypes, the developed method targets the whole B. tabaci species complex in one assay. Moreover the assay is designed to be applied on-site by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training directly at points of entry. Thorough validation performed under laboratory and on-site conditions demonstrates that the reported LAMP assay is a rapid and reliable identification tool, improving the management of B. tabaci.

A Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification LAMP Assay for Rapid Identification of Bemisia tabaci

This paper reports the protocol for a rapid identification assay for Bemisia tabaci based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology. The protocol requires minimal laboratory training and can, therefore, be implemented on-site at points of entry for plant imports such as seaports and airports.

루프-중재 등온 증폭 (램프) 분석 결과 Bemisia tabaci 의 빠른 식별

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an invasive pest of considerable importance, affecting the production of vegetable and ornamental crops in many ...

Implantation of a New Micro Acoustic Tag in Juvenile Pacific Lamprey and American Eel

Juvenile Pacific Lamprey and American eels were used for laboratory evaluations to determine potential effects from tag implantation. Telemetry technology has been identified as a way to obtain more detailed information on movement and behavior across a broader spatial scale than is possible with other known technology. The purpose of this method is to provide a detailed step by step instruction on tag implantation for both lampreys and eel. For laboratory studies using actively migrating juvenile Pacific Lamprey (120-160 mm), we determined that the presence of the tag did not alter the swimming ability between tagged and untagged Individuals or have any significant tag loss (&lt;3%). Similar results were determined during laboratory testing of Yellow phase American Eels (113-175 mm). No mortality occurred during a 38-day holding period and there was minimal tag loss (3.8%). The presence of the tag did not have any significant effect on the swimming ability or survival of tagged eels compared to untagged controls and there was minimal tag loss.

This article illustrates the procedure for implanting a micro acoustic tag in juvenile Pacific Lamprey and American Eel. Our application is based on laboratory trials, which indicate that acoustic tags can be successfully implanted with no apparent effects on swimming ability or survival and minimal tag loss.

청소년 태평양 심고와 미국 장 어에 새로운 마이크로 음향 태그의 주입

Juvenile Pacific Lamprey and American eels were used for laboratory evaluations to determine potential effects from tag implantation. Telemetry technology ...

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant&ndash;Environment Interactions

Food security for the growing global population is a major concern. The data provided by genomic tools far exceeds the supply of phenotypic data, creating a knowledge gap. To meet the challenge of improving crops to feed the growing global population, this gap must be bridged.
Physiological traits are considered key functional traits in the context of responsiveness or sensitivity to environmental conditions. Many recently introduced high-throughput (HTP) phenotyping techniques are based on remote sensing or imaging and are capable of directly measuring morphological traits, but measure physiological parameters mainly indirectly.
This paper describes a method for direct physiological phenotyping that has several advantages for the functional phenotyping of plant&#8211;environment interactions. It helps users overcome the many challenges encountered in the use of load-cell gravimetric systems and pot experiments. The suggested techniques will enable users to distinguish between soil weight, plant weight and soil water content, providing a method for the continuous and simultaneous measurement of dynamic soil, plant and atmosphere conditions, alongside the measurement of key physiological traits. This method allows researchers to closely mimic field stress scenarios while taking into consideration the environment&#8217;s effects on the plants&#8217; physiology. This method also minimizes pot effects, which are one of the major problems in pre-field phenotyping. It includes a feed-back fertigation system that enables a truly randomized experimental design at a field-like plant density. This system detects the soil-water-content limiting threshold (&#952;) and allows for the translation of data into knowledge through the use of a real-time analytic tool and an online statistical resource. This method for the rapid and direct measurement of the physiological responses of multiple plants to a dynamic environment has great potential for use in screening for beneficial traits associated with responses to abiotic stress, in the context of pre-field breeding and crop improvement.

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant&amp;#8211;Environment Interactions

This high-throughput, telemetric, whole-plant water relations gravimetric phenotyping method enables direct and simultaneous real-time measurements, as well as the analysis of multiple yield-related physiological traits involved in dynamic plant&#8211;environment interactions.

식물-환경 상호 작용의 실시간 생리적 페노티핑을 위한 텔레메트릭, 중력 플랫폼

Food security for the growing global population is a major concern. The data provided by genomic tools far exceeds the supply of phenotypic data, creating ...

Mistletoe Eradicator - A Novel Tool for Simultaneous Mechanical and Chemical Control of Mistletoe

Some species of mistletoes, an aerial plant hemiparasites, play a Janus-like role in ecosystems by being rich biodiversity hotspots due to their trophic and topic associations with various organisms and at the same time acting as biological pirates, exhausting the host trees by stealing water and nutrients via the haustorium. Many crop and timber trees are attacked by mistletoes, for example, dwarf mistletoes parasitize conifers, representatives of genus Tapinanthus target guava, and Phoradendron mistletoe target pecans. Recently, an increasing infestation of the European mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. album L.) in monoculture stands of common walnuts (Juglans regia L.)&#160;was recorded for the first time during 2018 in different regions of Kashmir Valley, India. The common chemical approach based on the spraying of mistletoe exophytes with the growth regulators, ethephon and glyphosate, was not efficient since V. album resprouted in the next vegetation season. Hand pruning of mistletoe was time-consuming, and a polyethylene covering resulted in the localized rotting of host tissues. The most efficient approach to eradicate mistletoe was the use of a novel tool called Mistletoe Eradicator, which allows to use mechanical and chemical means of mistletoe control simultaneously. It consists of a manipulating pole with the terminal pruning saw having a container filled with the growth regulator, from which the liquid slowly drops onto the saw blade through the nozzle. It allows working both from the ground and in the tree canopy. After the targeted application of 5%-10% ethephon or glyphosate to the base of the just pruned V. album stems (stubs), exophyte resprouting was significantly reduced 9 months after the pruning as compared to the only pruned or sprayed exophytes. An alternative variant of Mistletoe Eradicator was constructed in Ukraine filled just with a food color additive to track the liquid dropping and was successfully tested.

The protocol describes an easy-to-handle tool called Mistletoe Eradicator which combines mechanical and chemical approaches and is efficient in the control of mistletoe infestation on the host trees. The manuscript uses the European mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. album L.) as an example.

겨우살이 박멸기 - 겨우살이의 기계적 및 화학적 동시 제어를위한 새로운 도구

Some species of mistletoes, an aerial plant hemiparasites, play a Janus-like role in ecosystems by being rich biodiversity hotspots due to their trophic ...

A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation

Various antibiotics such as tetracycline, aureomycin, amoxicillin, and levofloxacin are found in large quantities in groundwater and soil systems, potentially leading to the development of resistant and multi-drug resistant bacteria, posing a threat to humans, animals, and environmental systems. Photocatalytic technology has attracted keen interest due to its rapid and stable treatment and direct use of solar energy. However, most studies evaluating the performance of semiconductor catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water are currently incomplete. In this paper, a complete experimental protocol is designed to comprehensively evaluate the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts. Herein, rhombic dodecahedral silver phosphate was prepared by a simple solvent phase synthesis method at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. BrSubphthalocyanine/Ag3PO4 heterojunction materials were prepared by the solvothermal method. The catalytic performance of as-prepared materials for the degradation of tetracycline was evaluated by studying different influencing factors such as catalyst dosage, temperature, pH, and anions at atmospheric pressure using a 300 W xenon lamp as a simulated solar light source and a light intensity of 350 mW/cm2. Compared with the first cycle, the constructed BrSubphthalocyanine/Ag3PO4 maintained 82.0% of the original photocatalytic activity after five photocatalytic cycles, while the pristine Ag3PO4 maintained only 28.6%. The stability of silver phosphate samples was further tested by a five-cycle experiment. This paper provides a complete process for evaluating the catalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts in the laboratory for the development of semiconductor catalysts with potential for practical applications.

Presented here is a protocol to explore a universal set of experimental procedures for comprehensive laboratory evaluation of photocatalysts in the field of environmental purification, using the example of photocatalytic removal of antibiotic organic pollutant molecules from water by phthalocyanine sensitized silver phosphate composites.

환경 개선에서 항생제 분해를 위한 광촉매의 성능을 평가하기 위한 완전한 방법

Various antibiotics such as tetracycline, aureomycin, amoxicillin, and levofloxacin are found in large quantities in groundwater and soil systems, ...

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Soil moisture directly affects operational hydrology, food security, ecosystem services, and the climate system. However, the adoption of soil moisture data has been slow due to inconsistent data collection, poor standardization, and typically short record duration. Soil moisture, or quantitatively volumetric soil water content (SWC), is measured using buried, in situ sensors that infer SWC from an electromagnetic response. This signal can vary considerably with local site conditions such as clay content and mineralogy, soil salinity or bulk electrical conductivity, and soil temperature; each of these can have varying impacts depending on the sensor technology.
Furthermore, poor soil contact and sensor degradation can affect the quality of these readings over time. Unlike more traditional environmental sensors, there are no accepted standards, maintenance practices, or quality controls for SWC data. As such, SWC is a challenging measurement for many environmental monitoring networks to implement. Here, we attempt to establish a community-based standard of practice for in situ SWC sensors so that future research and applications have consistent guidance on site selection, sensor installation, data interpretation, and long-term maintenance of monitoring stations.
The videography focuses on a multi-agency consensus of best-practices and recommendations for the installation of in situ SWC sensors. This paper presents an overview of this protocol along with the various steps essential for high-quality and long-term SWC data collection. This protocol will be of use to scientists and engineers hoping to deploy a single station or an entire network.

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

The determination of soil water content is a critical mission requirement for many state and federal agencies. This protocol synthesizes multi-agency efforts to measure soil water content using buried in situ sensors.

현장 방해받지 않는 토양의 토양 수분 센서

Soil moisture directly affects operational hydrology, food security, ecosystem services, and the climate system. However, the adoption of soil moisture ...