이 연구는 생체 재료 및 생체 역학에 대한 미네소타 치과 연구 센터 (MDRCBB)에 의해 지원되었다.

참고 : 재료 목록에 나열된, Z100, Z250 및 LS를 : 3 개의 치과 수지 복합 재료는 유리 구멍을 이용하여 연구 하였다. 그 중, LS는 Z250 및 Z100 (~ 각각 2 %와 ~ 2.5 %) 18 ~ 19보다 훨씬 낮은 약 1.0 %의 부피 수축과 낮은 수축 수지 복합,로 알려져있다. 장비 및 본 연구에서 사용 된 다른 재료는 재료 목록에 나와 있습니다. 1. 모델 구멍 준비 <ol><li> 저속 다이아몬드 톱을 사용하여 10 mm 길이의 짧은 막대에 긴 원통형 유리 막대, 직경 10 ㎜를 잘라. </li><li> 근심-교합-원위부 (MOD) 공동 적응 저속 다이아몬드 톱을 사용하여 각 시편에 3mm (폭) × 2mm (깊이)를 측정한다 (그림 1) 절단. </li><li> 도 1에 도시 된 바와 같은 치수와, 상기 캐비티의 길이에 수직 인 평면을 생성하기 위해 각각의 원통형 시편을 폴란드어. 평면은 FO 정밀한 허용cusing 및 복원에 대한 이미지 보정. 금후,이 관찰면이라고한다. </li><li> 테스트 세 가지 물질 각각에 대한 3 개의 시료 준비 : Z100, Z250 및 LS를; 재료의 표를 참조하십시오. </li></ol> 2. 구멍은 수지 복합 필링 <ol><li> 모든 유리 캐비티 표면 silanize하는 브러쉬 세라믹 프라이머의 얇은 층을 적용한다. 이것은 유리 표면 및 수지 복합체의 사이에 접착한다. </li><li> 약 1 분 후, 접착제의 얇은 층을 적용한다. 복합 Z100과 Z250를위한 복합 LS와 Adper 단일 결합 플러스 LS 접착 시스템을 사용합니다. </li><li> 치료 빛과 기간 제조 업체의 지침에 따라 (10 ~ 20 초) (자료 표)에 접착제를 치료. </li><li> 도 2에 도시 된 바와 같이, 관찰면 이외 검은 테이프와 복원을 둘러싼 모든 유리 표면을 커버. 목적은 경화 광이 도달하지 않는 것입니다실제 치아에 발생하지 않습니다 주위의 투명 유리를 통해 합성 수지. </li><li> 수지 복합으로 캐비티를 대량 채우고 모든 표면을 평평 초과를 다 쳤어요. </li></ol> 3. 표면 도장 <ol><li> 이제 수지 복합체의 일부를 포함 관찰 표면에 백색 페인트의 박층 스프레이. </li><li> 고 대비 얼룩을 만들기 위해 페인트에 즉시 일부 검은 미세 숯 가루를 뿌린다. 얼룩의 불규칙한 모양을 파악하고 그들의 움직임을 추적 할 수있는 DIC 소프트웨어를하는 데 도움이됩니다. </li></ol> 4. 샘플 장착, 치료 및 사진 촬영 <ol><li> 도 2를 참조하면, 홀더 (C)에 시험편 (E)을 배치하고, 나사 (D)로 조인다. 이어서, 큰 수평 빔의 단부에 전체 단위를 배치. </li><li> 그들이 observatio 대향되도록 동일 빔에 CCD 카메라와 노란색 조명 LED 빛을 확보N면. </li><li> 프리 클램프 스탠드를 사용하여, 그 선단이 상기 시료 약 1mm가되도록 광중합 위치. </li><li> 이전의 치료에 대한 참조 이미지를 제공하기 위해 시편의 사진을 촬영합니다. </li><li> 20 초 동안 수지 복합 치료. </li><li> 치료 후에 5 분에서 다른 사진을 찍습니다. </li><li> 관측 표면과 같은 위치에 교정 블록을 배치하고 사진 촬영을합니다. 교정 블록의 크기는 정확하게 알려진 간격 원형 점의 배열이 포함되어 있습니다. </li></ol> DIC 소프트웨어와 함께 5. 이미지 분석 <ol><li> 각 샘플 전에 하나 DIC 소프트웨어로, 치료 후 하나 찍은 두 사진을 가져옵니다. </li><li> 이미지의 사이즈를 측정하고 보정 블록의 화상을 이용하여 이미지 왜곡을 보정. . </li><li> 분석을위한 관찰면에서 관심 영역을 정의합니다. </li><li> 64 X 64 픽셀로 광장 집합 창문의 크기를 정의첫 번째 반복하고 두 번째 반복 20 32 × 32 픽셀. 50 %로 중첩을 정의합니다. </li><li> 변위 및 응력 분포를 계산하기 위해 치료 전에 촬영 한 참조 이미지로 치료 후 촬영 이미지의 상관 관계. </li></ol>

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저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이익이 없다는 것을 선언합니다.

수축 변형 측정을위한 동일한 형상 및 치수와 유리의 공동 사용으로 인해 크기, 해부학과 자연 인간의 이빨의 재료 특성의 차이에 따라 결과의 편차를 최소화하는 것이 었습니다. 또한, 본 연구에 사용 된 용융 실리카 유리는 지금까지 기계적 거동 21-22 관한 한 자연 치아에 적합한 침출 물질 만드는 에나멜 유사 영률을 갖는다. 실제 치아 보철물에, 수지 복합체는 대부분 오히려 법랑질 상...

수지 복합 재료 널리 때문에 자신의 뛰어난 미적 감각과 핸들링 특성의 원기를 회복시키는 치과에서 사용된다. 그러나, 치아 조직에 결합에도 불구하고, 수지 복합 재료의 중합 수축이 개발 수축 응력이 치아 복원 인터페이스 1 -2에 결합 해제의 원인이 될 수 임상 우려 남아있다. 결과적으로, 세균이 침입하고있는 실패한 영역과 이차 우식이 발생할 수 있습니다. 복원이 아니라 톱니에 결합되는 경우 한편, 수축 응력은 치아 조직에 균열이 발생할 수 있습니다. 이들 장애 중 하나는 열적 및 기계적 하중의 많은 수의 사이클을 실시한다 치과 보철물의 수명을 위태롭게 할 것이다. 중합 수축의 긴장과 스트레스를 측정하여 치과 수지 복합 재료 3-4의 개발과 평가에 필수가되었다 </SUP&gt;. 각종 측정 기법 또는 방법 확실 수지 복합 재료의 수축 거동을 측정하기위한 간단한 설치를 제공하는 주요 목적으로 5-11 개발되었다. 그들이 제공하는 측정은 서로 다른 재료의 수축 동작을 비교하기위한 충분한 수 있지만, 그들은 수축 응력이 실제 복원 치아의 개발 방법과 위치에 대한 이해에 도움이되지 않습니다. 특히, 관심의 문제는 공동의 벽이 치과 보철물 12 수축 응력의 생성에 복합 재료와 리드의 수축을 제한하는 방법입니다. 수축 응력, 수지 복합체의 수축 변형의 일부를 생성하기 위하여, 다음을주지 인장 탄성 변형으로 변환 할 수있다. 복원의 변형이 구성 요소를 측정 할 수있는 경우에 따라서 유용 할 것이다. 최근, 광학적으로 전체 필드 스트레인 측정 기술, 디지털 이미지 상관 (DIC)은 무료 shrinka의 둘레에 적용된치과 보철물 13-15에서 수지 복합 재료의 GE뿐만 아니라, 재료 흐름. DIC의 기본적인 아이디어는 그 표면 변위 및 변형 필드 결정할 수있다 그 변형 중에 찍은 화상 군에서의 샘플 표면에 가시적 패턴을 추적하고 상관한다. 풀 필드 둘레 불균일 변형 및 변형 패턴 (13)을 관찰에 특히 유용 DIC 방법의 주요 이점 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는, DIC는 수축 응력의 개발을 이해하고 탈 결합 가능성 사이트를 식별하기위한 목적으로, 치과 수지 복합 보철물에 변형 패턴을 발견하는 데 사용되었다. 이 정보는 때문에 중합 수축에 복원의 변위를 측정 14 ~ 15 위의 인용 된 작품에서 직접 사용할 수 없습니다. 측정은 복제에 대한 시도로 근심-교합-말단 (MOD) 치아 충치와 치아를 시뮬레이션 모델을 이용하여 실시 하였다실제 치과 보철물의 스트레스 나 긴장을 테. 실제 치아의 사용은 더 해부학 대표적이지만, 그 단점은 결과에 큰 변화가 발생할 해부학, 기계적 특성, 수화의 정도뿐만 아니라 보이지 않는 내부 결함 (14)의 이빨들 상당한 내재 차이이다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해, 일부 연구는 구강 크기 (16)의 측면에서 그룹화 또는 대리 재료 (17)의 모델을 모두 치아를 대체하여 치아 샘플을 표준화하기 위해 노력했다. 예를 들어, (각각 69 및 83 GPa로)을 에나멜 유사 영률이 알루미늄 모델 교두 편향 (17)에 의해 지시되는 수축 응력의 수준, 수축 응력의 측정에 사용되었다. 소재는 또한 투명성 같이, 유사한 영률 (63 GPA)을 인간의 에나멜에 마련되어 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는, 실리카 유리 모델 (충치)이 대신 사용했다천만에, 표본의 모든 결합 해제 또는 균열은 쉽게 관찰 할 수있다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="790">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite Z100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N362979</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 2.5%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 14 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite Z250</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N326080</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 2.0%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 11 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite LS</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N240313</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 1%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 10 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ceramic Primer</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N167818</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Rely X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LS System Adhesive</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N391675</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Adhesive for compoiste LS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adper Single Bond Plus</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">501757</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Adhesive for compoiste Z100 and Z250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass rod&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning Inc.</td>
			<td>&#160;Pyrex 7740 borosilicate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">Curing light&#160;</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td>Elipar S10&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">White paint&#160;</td>
			<td>Krylon Product Group</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Indoor/Outdoor, Flat white</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">Charcoal powder&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Co.</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BCBH6518V</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Fluka activated charcoal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CCD camera&#160;</td>
			<td>Point Grey Research, Inc.</td>
			<td>Point Grey Gras-20S4C-C</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

shrinkage of dental composite in simulated cavity measured with digital image correlation

치과 수지 복합 재료의 중합 수축 복합 복원 된 치아의 복원 디 본딩 또는 금이 치아 조직을 초래할 수 있습니다. 위치와 방법을 수축 긴장과 스트레스를 이해하고 이러한 복원 치아에 개발하기 위해, 디지털 이미지의 상관 관계 (DIC)을 중합 수축을받은 모델 보철물 내에서 변위 및 응력 분포의 포괄적 인 뷰를 제공하는 데 사용되었다. 모델 공동 시편은 직경과 길이가 모두 10mm 인 원통형 유리 막대로 만들어졌다. 각 시험편을 제조 근심 - 교합-말단 (MOD) 공동의 치수는 각각의 폭과 깊이 3mm 및 2mm를 측정 하였다. 수지 복합과 공동을 충전 한 후, 관찰에서 표면은 흰색 페인트의 첫 번째 얇은 층과 높은 콘트라스트의 얼룩을 만들 수있는 다음 좋은 검은 숯 가루를 살포했다. 그 표면의 사진은 다음 후 경화 5 분 전에 촬영했다. 인터넷nally는,이 사진은 변위 및 변형률 분포를 계산하는 DIC 소프트웨어를 사용하여 상관 관계가 있었다. 수지 복합체는 복원이 가장 큰 변위를 갖는 하향의 상단 중앙 부분과, 상기 캐비티의 바닥을 향해 수직으로 수축. 동시에, 그것의 세로 중앙선을 향해 수평으로 수축. 복합체의 수축은 주변의 복원 교두 처짐 및 높은 인장 변형의 결과로, &quot;치아 복원&quot;계면 근방에서 재료를 연신. 공동 벽 또는 바닥에 가까운 재료는 주로 인터페이스에 수직 인 방향으로 직접 변종을했다. 이 직접 변형 성분의 합산 복원 주변의 비교적 균일 한 분포를 보여 주며 그것의 크기는 재료의 체적 수축률 균주 대략 같게.

3 개의 시료는 각 물질에 대한 검사를했다. 필요한 경우, 각각의 시험 후, 시험편을 현미경을 사용하여, 눈으로 검사하거나 하였다. &quot;치아 복원&quot;인터페이스 또는 균열에 명백한 디 본딩은 발견되지 않았다. 이미지의 해상도는 5.8 mm의 픽셀 사이즈와 1600 X 1180 픽셀이었다. 32 픽셀의 서브 세트의 창 크기, 변위 분포의 공간 해상도는 약 186mm였다. <stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation at JoVE.com

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

치과 수지 복합 수복물의 중합 수축 응력의 공간적 발전을 이해하기 위해서는, 디지털 이미지의 상관 관계는 중합 전후에 찍은 복구 이미지의 상관 관계를 복원 모델 유리 충치의 전체 필드 변위 / 변형 측정을 제공하는 데 사용되었다.

시뮬레이션 구멍 치과 복합의 수축은 디지털 이미지의 상관 관계로 측정

Polymerization shrinkage of dental resin composites can lead to restoration debonding or cracked tooth tissues in composite-restored teeth. In order to ...

shrinkage-dental-composite-simulated-cavity-measured-with-digital

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.3K 조회수.  University of Minnesota.  치과 수지 복합 수복물의 중합 수축 응력의 공간적 발전을 이해하기 위해서는, 디지털 이미지의 상관 관계는 중합 전후에 찍은 복구 이미지의 상관 관계를 복원 모델 유리 충치의 전체 필드 변위 / 변형 측정을 제공하는 데 사용되었다. 

비디오: Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

마우스에서 소성을 뒷다리 이식

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

연구

의학

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and electrophysiological phenotype in the atria. That encourages us to utilize a genetically-engineered mouse model to elucidate the mechanism of AF. However, it is difficult to evaluate the electrophysiological properties in murine atria due to their small size. This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of atria using an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution in Langendorff perfused murine hearts. The optical mapping system is assembled with dual high-speed complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras and high magnification objective lenses, to detect the fluorescence of a voltage-sensitive dye and Ca2+ indicator. To focus on the assessment of murine atria, optical mapping is performed with an area of 2 mm &#215; 2 mm or 10 mm x 10 mm, with a 100 &#215; 100 resolution (20 &#181;m/pixel or 100 &#181;m/pixel) and sampling rate of up to 10 kHz (0.1 ms) at maximum. A 1-French size quadripolar electrode pacing catheter is placed into the right atrium through the superior vena cava avoiding any mechanical damage to the atrium, and pacing stimulation is delivered through the catheter. An electrophysiological study is performed with programmed stimulation including constant pacing, burst pacing, and up to triple extrastimuli pacing. Under a spontaneous or pacing rhythm, the optical mapping recorded the action potential duration, activation map, conduction velocity, and Ca2+ transient individually in the right and left atria. In addition, the programmed stimulation also determines the inducibility of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Precise activation mapping is performed to identify the propagation of the excitation in the atrium during an induced atrial tachyarrhythmia. Optical mapping with a specialized setting enables a thorough electrophysiological evaluation of the atrium in murine pathological models.

This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of murine atria utilizing an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution, including dual recordings of the membrane voltage and Ca2+ transient under programmed stimulation through a specialized electrode catheter.

고해상도 광학 매핑 Murine Atria electrophysiological 평가

Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and ...

Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells are useful models of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Here we present a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader.

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac ...

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can manifest fine motor disorders of the upper extremities. Handwriting is a complex and unique human activity involving both motor and cognitive coordination. Researchers from western countries have discovered that patients with MCI have abnormal handwriting features. However, no relevant studies have been conducted in the Chinese population. Owing to the cross-culture phenomenon of handwriting, the aim of this study is to find new handwriting tasks to demonstrate the differences in handwriting features between elderly patients with MCI and age-matched healthy individuals.

This study proposed a digital handwriting analysis of characters in individuals with mild cognitive impairment to find more information than is revealed by traditional pencil&#8211;paper handwriting analysis.

경증 인지 장애가있는 중국 환자의 문자 디지털 필기 분석

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ...

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Parafoveal circulation of the superficial retinal capillary plexus is usually measured with vessel density, which determines the length of capillaries with circulation, and perfusion density, which calculates the percentage of the evaluated area that has circulation. Perfusion density also considers the circulation of vessels larger than capillaries, although the contribution of these vessels to the first is not usually evaluated. As both measurements are automatically generated by optical coherence tomography angiography devices, this paper proposes a method for estimating the contribution of vessels larger than capillaries by using a coefficient of determination between vessel and perfusion densities. This method can reveal a change in the proportion of perfusion density from vessels larger than capillaries, even when mean values do not differ. This change could reflect compensatory arterial vasodilatation as a response to capillary dropout in the initial stages of retinal vascular diseases before clinical retinopathy appears. The proposed method would allow the estimation of the changes in the composition of perfusion density without the need for other devices.

We describe the evaluation of a coefficient of determination between vessel and perfusion density of the parafoveal superficial capillary plexus to identify the contribution of vessels larger than capillaries to perfusion density.

광학 간섭 단층 촬영 혈관조영술로 측정된 황반 관류 밀도에 대한 모세관 및 기타 혈관 기여도 평가

Parafoveal circulation of the superficial retinal capillary plexus is usually measured with vessel density, which determines the length of capillaries ...

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played vital roles in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, execution of therapies, and outcome evaluations, including esthetic enhancement. Digital photography also provides an excellent platform for patient education, communication, and co-management of cases with other healthcare providers. However, intra-oral photography often faces challenges such as inaccessibility of areas to be captured, different moveable vs. fixed tissues involved, contamination with saliva or blood, and differing illumination needs on various locations. Thus, a more standardized and systematic approach is proposed for intra- and extra-oral documentation via digital photography to overcome the existing technical challenges. The current work will outline the appropriate equipment specifications (camera bodies, macro lens, and flashes), positions and postures of the operator and patients, proper techniques of tissue retraction, the use of appropriate intra-oral mirrors, and the essential elements such as aperture settings (F-stop), ISO, shutter speed, and white balance. This article aims to provide all dental professionals with an approachable linear array of guidelines to produce simplified and standardized visual tools for more efficient and effective documentation.

The present protocol describes a method to capture intra- and extra-oral photographs for digital documentation in the clinical practice of dentistry. The protocol highlights all the critical components involved and the commonly utilized settings to capture dental photographs for clinical documentation.

구강 외 및 구강 내 디지털 사진에 대한 표준화 된 접근 방식

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played ...

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) is a noninvasive tool to facilitate the distinction of composite resin material from sound tooth substance. Compared to conventional illumination, FIT is a very accurate, reliable, and fast diagnostic method. When composite resin is illuminated with a wavelength of approximately 398 &plusmn; 5 nm, certain fluorescent components make the composite resin appear brighter than the tooth structure. Any fluorescence-inducing light source with the appropriate wavelength can be used for this method. Optimally, this technique is used without additional natural or artificial lighting. The application of FIT can be used for diagnostic purposes, for example, dental charts, and additionally for the complete and minimally invasive removal of composite resin restorations, bracket debonding, and trauma splint removal. The assessment of volumetric changes after composite removal can be provided by overlapping pre- and postoperative scans and subsequent calculation using suitable software.

The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique is a practicable, fast, and reliable approach for the differentiation of composite resin restorations from tooth substance, and facilitates the minimally invasive and complete removal of composite resin restorations and composite bonded trauma splints.

형광 보조 식별 기술을 사용한 치아색 복합 수지의 검출 및 제거

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) ...

Dynamic Navigation in Endodontics: Guided Access Cavity Preparation by Means of a Miniaturized Navigation System

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common sequelae of dental trauma but can also occur with stimuli such as caries, bruxism, or after placing a restoration. In order to access the root canal as minimally invasive as possible in case of a necessary root canal treatment, dynamic navigation has recently been introduced in endodontics in addition to static navigation. The use of a dynamic navigation system (DNS) requires pre-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and a digital surface scan. If necessary, reference markers must be placed on the teeth before the CBCT scan; with some systems, these can also be planned and created digitally afterward. By means of a stereo camera connected to the planning software, the drill can now be coordinated with the help of reference markers and virtual planning. As a result, the position of the drill can be displayed on the monitor in real-time during preparation in different planes. In addition, the spatial displacement, the angular deviation, and the depth position are also displayed separately. The few commercially available DNS mostly consist of relatively large camera-marker-systems. Here, the DNS contains miniaturized components: a low-weight camera (97 g) mounted on the micromotor of the electric handpiece utilizing a manufacturer-specific connecting mechanism and a small marker (10 mm x 15 mm), which can be easily attached to an individually manufactured intraoral tray. For research purposes, a post-operative CBCT scan can be matched with the pre-operative one, and the volume of tooth structure removed can be calculated by the software. This work aims to present the technique of guided access cavity preparation by means of a miniaturized navigation system from imaging to clinical implementation.

Dynamic navigation systems (DNS) provide real-time visualization and guidance to the operator during endodontic access cavities preparation. The planning of the procedure requires three-dimensional imaging utilizing cone beam computed tomography and surface scans. After the export of the planning data to the DNS, access cavities can be prepared with minimal invasion.

근관 치료의 동적 내비게이션: 소형화된 내비게이션 시스템을 통한 접근 캐비티 준비 안내

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common ...

Digital Superimposition을 이용한 상악 후방 치아 움직임 평가

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Since the introduction of Invisalign by Align Technology, Inc. in 1999, questions and debates have persisted regarding the precision of Invisalign (clear aligner) therapy, particularly when compared to the use of traditional fixed appliances. This becomes particularly significant in cases involving anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse corrections, where precise comparisons are of paramount importance. To address these inquiries, this study introduces a meticulously devised protocol, placing a primary emphasis on digitally superimposing the movement of maxillary posterior teeth to facilitate accurate analysis. The sample included 25 patients who had completed their first series of Invisalign (clear) aligners. Four maxillary digital models (pre-treatment, post-treatment, ClinCheck-initial, and final models) were digitally superimposed using the palate rugae and dentitions as stable references. A software combination was used for model superimposition and tooth segmentation. Transformation matrices then expressed the differences between the achieved and predicted tooth positions. Thresholds for clinically relevant differences were at &plusmn;0.25 mm for linear displacement and &plusmn;2&#176; for rotation. Differences were assessed using Hotelling's T-squared tests with Bonferroni correction. The mean differences in rotation (2.036&#176; &plusmn; 4.217&#176;) and torque (-2.913&#176; &plusmn; 3.263&#176;) were significant statistically and clinically, with p-values of 0.023 and 0.0003 respectively. De-rotation of premolars and torque control for all posterior teeth were less predictable. All mean differences for the linear measurements were statistically and clinically insignificant, except that the first molars seemed slightly (0.256 mm) more intruded than their predicted position. The clear aligner system appears to meet its prediction for most translational tooth movements and mesial-distal tipping in maxillary posterior teeth for non-extraction cases with mild to moderate malocclusions.

저자 스포트라이트: Clear Aligner 치료에서 상악 후방 치아의 3D 움직임 평가

This manuscript presents a comprehensive protocol to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) movement of maxillary posterior teeth with clear aligners using digital model superimposition, an invaluable tool in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics.

상악 후방 치아 움직임 측정: 구개 및 치아 중첩을 사용한 모델 평가

Since the introduction of Invisalign by Align Technology, Inc. in 1999, questions and debates have persisted regarding the precision of Invisalign (clear ...