The authors thank Dr. Lynda Partridge for the provision of advice and laboratory facilities.

세포주의 1) 준비 : <ol><li> 말 FcεRI α의 발현 RBL-2H3.1 세포주 개발 : <ol><li> 28 : 단층 세포 라인에 대한 기본 조직 배양 기술을 이용하여 말 FcεRIα 유전자 (GenBank 등록 Y18204.1)를 들고, pEE6 플라스미드를 사용하는 부모 RBL-2H3.1 세포를 형질. 1.2 X10 7 셀 ML -1의 밀도로 세포의 0.8 ml의 플라스미드 DNA의 2 μg의 μL -1을 추가합니다. 즉시 10 분 동안 얼음에서 인큐베이션 0.4 cm의 electrocuvette를 이용한 250 V 960 μF에서 세포 Electroporate. </li><li> 네티의 G418 황산 0.4 g을 포함하는 미디어를 사용하여 형질 전환 된 세포를 선택한 다음, 형광 면역 글로불린 항체로 태그를 지정하여 FACS를 통해 남아있는 살아있는 세포를 정렬 할 수 있습니다. 수사 2, 3에 대해 말 FcεRIα 세포주를 발현 RBL-얻어진 2H3.1 사용. </li></ol></li><li> 사전 분석 항체 감작 : <ol><lI&gt; 수확 합류 페트리 접시에서 말 FcεRIα 세포 발현 RBL-2H3.1. 5 × 5 셀 ML의 -1의 세포 밀도로 배양 배지에 세포를 다시 중단 후 씻는다. </li><li> 1 NG ml의 -1의 최종 농도로 일시 중단 된 세포에 관심 IgE에 추가 한 후 1-6 열에서 96 웰 플레이트에 세포를 100 μl를 판 37 ° C ~ + 5 % CO 2 + 90 % 부화 16 시간 동안 상대 습도. 배양 시간 후 및 박리 시험을 수행하기 전에, 잘 자랄 및 세포 부착에 대한 현미경 웰을 확인. </li></ol></li></ol> 2) 자료 분석 : <ol><li> 세포를 세척 : <ol><li> 따뜻한 방출 완충액 37 ° C에서 (25 밀리미터 PIPES, 120 mM 염화나트륨, 5 mM 염화칼륨, 0.04 mM의 염화 마그네슘, 및 1mM의 염화칼슘)은 부드러운 셀 세정을 허용한다. </li><li> 세포 용지를 제거하기 위해 판을 튕기 따뜻한 100 μl를 추가하여 3 세포를 씻으7 ° C를 방출 버퍼입니다. 두 번 반복합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 항원 과제 : <ol><li> 항원의 용액을 희석 0 NG ml의 -1, 0.1 NG ml의 -1, 1 NG ml의 -1, 10 NG ml의 -1, 100 NG ml의 -1 (NIP-HSA 또는 DNP-HSA), 1000 NG ml의 준비 -1, 10,000 NG 릴리스 버퍼 ml의 -1, 37 ° C에서 따뜻한. </li><li> 두 번째 셀을 세척 한 후, 미디어를 무시하고 항원 용액 100 ㎕로 대체. 같은 행의 우물 (예를 들어 A1-6)이 그들에 추가 된 동일한 항원 농도가 있는지 확인하십시오. </li><li> 0 NG ml의 -1 항원을 추가하여 행에서 음성 대조군을 설정합니다. 트리톤 X-완충액 (5 % 트리톤 X-100), 행 H 세포는 세포를 용해하는 다음 행 (BG) 아래로 증가하는 항원의 농도를 추가 양성 대조군으로 사용한다. 20 분 세포는 매개체를 해제 할 수 있도록, 37 ° C에서 배양하라. </li></ol></li><li> 개별 잘 컨트롤을 설정 : <ol><li> 배양 후, 플레이트의 나머지 절반 (A1-6 웰 웰 A7-12 행, 등)에 세포 상청액 50 μl를 옮긴다. 상청액의 나머지 50 μl를 버리고 컬럼 1-6 셀 내부 전체 매개체의 비율로 잘 컬럼 7-12의 각 매개체 방출의 양의 측정을 허용하도록 트리톤 X-완충액 50㎕의 교체 . </li></ol></li><li> 효소 기판 : </li><li> β-소사 미나 기판 (50 mM의 4- 니트로 N 아세틸 β-D-글루코 시트르산 완충액, 0.2 M 시트르산 및 0.2 M 아세트산 나트륨을 첨가하여 2 mM의 아래로 희석 된 DMSO에서 제조하여 pH 4.5) 50 μl를 추가 모든 웰에 β-소사 미나 제 효소에 의해 4- 니트로 페놀에 대한 기판의 전환을 촉진한다. 2 시간 동안 37 ° C에서 번호판을 품어. </li></ol><img alt="그림 2.4.1" fo:content-width="4in" src="/files/ftp_upload/52222/52222fig241.jpg" widtH = &quot;400&quot;/&gt; <ol start="5"><li> 반응을 종료 : <ol><li> 각각 150 ㎕를 첨가 트리스 완충액 (1 M 트리스 -HCl, pH가 9)뿐만 아니라 버퍼의 높은 pH로 반응을 정지하여, 반응을 정지하고 황색로 -4- 니트로 페놀 변. </li></ol></li><li> 결과를 읽고 분석 : <ol><li> 노란 색의 흡광도를 측정하기 위해 405 nm에서 플레이트 분광 광도계를 사용하여 판을 읽어보십시오. 다음 식을 이용하여 풀어 β 헥 소사 미나 백분율 계산 값 : </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="그림 2.6.1" fo:content-width="1in" src="/files/ftp_upload/52222/52222fig261.jpg" width="100" /><ol start="2"><li> 평균이 각 행에 대해 수행 된 후 각 웰에이 수식을 적용합니다. A1 및 A7은 96 웰 플레이트에서 웰의 위치를​​ 나타낸다. 전압 강하 (총 중재자 릴리스에 해당) β-소사 미나 릴리스의 비율의 그래프를 그린다NST 항원 농도 (2, 3). </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests in this paper.

요약하면,이 조사 결과는 말 FcεRIα 발현 RBL-2H3.1 세포는 항원에 의해 말의 IgE로 감작 및 도전 될 때, 그들은 내부 매개체의 총량 4.88 % ± 36.68 %의 피크 매개체 방출을주는 것으로 나타났다 세포, RBL-2H3.1에 ​​비해 부모의 세포가 말 FcεRIα을 표현하지. 따라서이 분석은 조사하고 체외에서 말 알레르기 반응을 연구하기위한 유용한 도구를 제공합니다. 그는 비만 세포 / ?...

알레르기는 천년 알려져있다. 천식 치료는 Ebers 파피루스 (~ 1550 BCE)로 알려진 고대 이집트 의료 텍스트에 설명하고 7을 치료하는 한약을 논의했다. 현재 알레르기는 T 헬퍼 세포 유형 2 (TH (2)) 면역계의 아암 알레르겐이라고 환경 항원에 반응하여 면역 글로불린 E (IgE의) 항체의 생산을 조향 타입 I의 과민 반응으로 분류된다. 이들은 일반적으로 면역계 세포와 상호 작용 된 IgE 합성을 담배 연기 또는 디젤 배기 미립자 입자 향상 않은로서 인터루킨 -4 및 인터루킨 13 (8, 9)을 포함하여 합성 및 염증성 사이토 카인의 분비를 자극하는 다양한 물질이다 10. 지난 50 년 동안 선진국에서 알레르기 증상의 상승의 효과의 조합에 기인 된&#39;위생 가설&#39;(11)에 의해 제안 된 TH 사이토 카인이 지배적 프로파일 향해 면역 반응을 전환하기 위해 결합 환경 오염 물질 및보다 위생적 환경 동향. 전술 한 바와 같이, 인간 알레르기 시달리다 만 포유류 아니다. 특히 말과 개는 클래식 알레르기 반응을 개발할 수 있고, 말 알레르기가 유전 적, 환경 적 요인에 기인 인간에로 (12)의 연구는 것을 보여 주었다. 결과적으로,이 동물은 한 번 임상 증상이에서 설정 한 알레르기의 유전 적, 환경 적 원인, 질병에 감작에서의 진행, 가능한 한 개입 전략 사이의 상호 작용 연구를위한 좋은 모델을 제시 1887 년, Stömmer는 말 심혈관 시스템 히스타민의 효과는 인간과 말, 천식 (13) 사이의 유사성을 설명하는 첫 번째 사람이었다인간 (14)의 그것과 매우 유사합니다. 말은 15 매년 115,000,000,000달러 미국의 도박 매출과 가치가 미국 720 억 달러 인 경마 산업의 초석이다. 대부분의 현대 경주마는 이후 1878에서 레이디 앤 블런트가 자란 아라비아 말의 적은 수의 자손입니다. 현대 경주마는 일반적으로 성능 능력에 대한 선택 근친된다. 이들은 알레르기 반응을 탑재 감수성 중 하나는 유전 질환,되기 쉽다. 또한 심지어 가장 심각한 알레르기 인간 (16)보다 1000 배 더 높은 혈청 IgE의 수준을 가지고있다. 말 알레르기 반응은 일반적으로 곤충 물린 과민 반응 (IBH) 17, 18로 나타나있다. 때문에 물기에 피부염에 IBH 결과가 속 Culicoides 곤충을 형성한다. 말 알레르기 질환의 또 다른 형태는 재발 성기도에 장애물 (RAO)이이 폐와기도에 명시되어 있습니다. 그것은 천명 및 실험실 특징OR 연산 호흡. RAO 일반적 포자를 성형하는 응답하여 발생하고, 다른 조사이 20를 확인되지 않았지만 높은 알레르겐 - 특이 IgE 수준 한 연구 19 RAO 앓고 말에 기록되었다. 말 알레르기에 대한 연구가 시도 모니터링에서 안티 말 IgE의 단클론 항체 (21, 22)을 개발하여 말 IgE의 중화 주위에 회귀. 또한 23 의한 연구 말 고친 화성 Fc 수용체의 α의 세포 외 도메인의 생성을 논의 말 혈청의 IgE를 감지하고 정량화하려는 시도에 체인 (FcεRIα) 수용체. Ledin (24)에 의해 관련 연구는 자기 / 비 자기 면역원을 사용하여 면역 체계를 프라이밍에 의해 혈청의 IgE를 중화하기위한 새로운 접근 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 이러한 모든 연구는, 그러나, 이들 프로토콜의 안전성과 효능을 테스트하기 위해 효과적인 분석 결여. 이 글에서, 우리는 지금 이러한 분석 SYS을 제시β-소사 미나을 출시, 세포 매개 탈과립의 지표로, 말 FcεRIα을 표현 RBL-2H3.1 세포에 평가 된 말 시스템, 관련 진단 및 치료 전략의 연구에 적용 TEM. 이 프로토콜은 다른 종으로부터 IgE에 대한 고친 화성 수용체의 IgE 결합 도메인을 코딩하는 유전자로 형질 RBL 세포 공학 기술하는 이전의 간행물 25, 4, 5, 2, 3에 기초한다. 이 프로토콜의 결과는 세중의 실험 표준 편차 평균 ±로 표시되는 β-소사 미나 자료 분석을 수행하는 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 자료 분석은 처음 Siraganian에 의해 개발과 인간의 알레르기를 연구하는 25 후크했다. 닥터 루벤 Siraganian 이끄는 실험 그룹은 RBL 세포주를 개발했다. 이러한 RBL 세포는 인간 FcεRIα을 표현하기 위해 개발되었고, 프로토콜은 (4)에 의해 출판되었다. 마지막 조각분석은 4- 히드 록시 3 합텐을 대상 IgE의 가변 영역에 대한 마우스 유전자의 하류 중쇄 유전자를 클로닝하여 IgE 항체의 생산을 설명 NEUBERGER (26)에 의해 종이 PSV 플라스미드의 개발과 함께의 니트로 - phenacetyl은 (NP), 결과 키메라 항체는 완벽하게 작동했다. 또한 호 염기성 세포의 탈과립을 측정하는 데 유용하게 분석 프로토콜의 표준화 결과 RBL 세포 표면 수용체를 클로닝하는 동안 능력은 동일한 합텐 타겟팅 임의의 IgE를 개발. 분석은 장점과 단점을 가지고있다. 분석의 장점은 우리 실험실 따라서 인간, 송곳니와 말 시스템의 탈과립을 테스트하는 데 사용되는 한 모든 포유류 시스템에서 사용되는 적응성이며,이 단순히 유기체의 IgE의 합성과 이의 수용체를 복제하여 달성 RBL 세포의 표면 상. 한편,분석의 단점 RBL 세포들이 동일한 분석 내에서 탈과립 레벨의 변화를 만들어주고, 열적, 기계적, PH 변화에 매우 민감하다는 것이다. 따라서 그것은 강하게 분석은 항상 3 회 반복 반복 한 후 평균 그들로부터 촬영하는 것이 좋습니다. 나아가, RBL 세포는 그들의 유지 관리를 복잡하게 연장 된 시간 (&gt; 10 주) 27 조직 배양에 남아 있다면 비 방출 표현형을 향해 이동하는 경향이있다. 또한 광학 현미경에서 볼 수없는 셀의 형태를 변경하지 않는 마이코 플라스마 균에 의한 감염,하는 경향이 있지만, 크게 자신의 탈과립 수준을 변경합니다. 따라서 정기적 인 마이코 플라스마 시험이 필요하다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>RBL-2H3.1 Expressing Equine Fc&amp;epsilon;RI&amp;alpha;</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Produced in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>Equine IgE anti NIP-HSA</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Produced in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>96 Well Plate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS3595</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Multi Channel Pipette</td><td>Anachem</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Incubator</td><td>Galaxy R</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>4Hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenylacetic acid</td><td>Cambridge Research Biochemicals</td><td>N-1070-1</td><td>NIP-OH was conjugated with Human Serum Albumin to make NIP-HSA in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>Dinitrophenyl Conjugated to Human Serum Albumin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A6661</td><td>Abbreviated DNP-HSA</td></tr><tr><td>Plate Spectrophotometer</td><td>Anthos Labtec HT2</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Pipes</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P1851</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S7653</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P9333</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M2670</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C1016</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Triton x100</td><td>Sigma</td><td>X100</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-&amp;beta;-D-glucosaminide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>N9376</td><td>Stock solution called &amp;beta;-hexosaminidase substrate was 50mM prepared in DMSO</td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D2650</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Citric Acid</td><td>Sigma</td><td>251275</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Acetate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S7670</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Tris</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T5941</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table>

development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of equus caballus ige with its high-affinity receptor fc&#949;ri

The interaction of IgE with its high-affinity Fc receptor (Fc&#949;RI) followed by an antigenic challenge is the principal pathway in IgE mediated allergic reactions. As a consequence of the high affinity binding between IgE and Fc&#949;RI, along with the continuous production of IgE by B cells, allergies usually persist throughout life, with currently no permanent cure available. Horses, especially race horses, which are commonly inbred, are a species of mammals that are very prone to the development of hypersensitivity responses, which can seriously affect their performance. Physiological responses to allergic sensitization in horses mirror that observed in humans and dogs. In this paper we describe the development of an in situ assay system for the quantitative assessment of the release of mediators of the allergic response pertaining to the equine system. To this end, the gene encoding equine Fc&#949;RI&#945; was transfected into and expressed onto the surface of parental Rat Basophil Leukemia (RBL-2H3.1) cells. The gene product of the transfected equine &#945;-chain formed a functional receptor complex with the endogenous rat &#946;- and &#947;-chains 1. The resultant assay system facilitated an assessment of the quantity of mediator secreted from equine Fc&#949;RI&#945; transfected RBL-2H3.1 cells following sensitization with equine IgE and antigenic challenge using &#946;-hexosaminidase release as a readout 2, 3. Mediator release peaked at 36.68% &#177; 4.88% at 100 ng ml-1 of antigen. This assay was modified from previous assays used to study human and canine allergic responses 4, 5. We have also shown that this type of assay system has multiple applications for the development of diagnostic tools and the safety assessment of potential therapeutic intervention strategies in allergic disease 6, 2, 3.

부모 RBL-2H3.1 세포 및 말 FcεRIα 수용체 유전자로 형질들은 먼저 마우스의 IgE 항 DNP-HSA 감작과 DNP-HSA 항원으로 감염시켰다. 마우스 IgE의 양쪽 세포주에서 내인성 쥐 수용체에 결합하므로 매개체 (그림 1 A)를 풀어 두 세포주의 분리 가능성을 테스트하기 위해 대조군으로서 작용한다. 이 중요한 검사이며, 세포 배양에 확장 (&gt; 10 주) 통과에 정기적으로 이후 수행되어야한다, RBL-2H3.1 세포...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcÃŽÂµRI at JoVE.com

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor Fc&#949;RI

The current study describes the development and applications of a genetically engineered assay system based on the transfection of rat basophilic leukemia cells with the equine Fc&#949;RI&#945; gene. Transfected cells express a functional receptor where the release of mediators of the allergic response can be activated by IgE and antigen.

개발<em&gt; 체외</em의 상호 작용을 연구&gt; 모델 시스템<em&gt; 에쿠스</em&gt;<em&gt; caballus</em높은 친 화성 수용체 FcεRI에&gt;의 IgE

The interaction of IgE with its high-affinity Fc receptor (Fc&#949;RI) followed by an antigenic challenge is the principal pathway in IgE mediated ...

development-an-vitro-model-system-for-studying-interaction-equus

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JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

12.4K 조회수.  King Abdulaziz University. The current study describes the development and applications of a genetically engineered assay system based on the transfection of rat basophilic leukemia cells with the equine FcεRIα gene. Transfected cells express a functional receptor where the release of mediators of the allergic response can be activated by IgE and antigen.

비디오: Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (hfRPE) cultures with morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of native human RPE. These hfRPE cell cultures exhibit heavy pigmentation, and electron microscopy show extensive apical membrane microvilli. The junctional complexes were identified with immunofluorescence labeling of various tight junction proteins. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied mammalian models of native RPE, including human. These results were extended by the development of therapeutic interventions in several animal models of human eye disease. We have focused on strategies for the removal of abnormal fluid accumulation in the retina or subretinal space. The extracellular subretinal space separates the photoreceptor outer segments and the apical membrane of the RPE and is critical for maintenance of retinal attachments and a whole host of RPE/retina interactions.

We provide a reproducible method for culturing confluent monolayers of human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells (hfRPE) cells that exhibit morphology, physiology, polarity, and protein and gene expression patterns of adult native tissue. This work has been extended to an animal model of several eye diseases.

망막 안료 상피 생리학과 Pathophysiology 연구를위한 실험 모델

We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium ...

연구

신경과학

Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells

B lymphocyte immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) is a process wherein initially expressed IgM switches to other IgH isotypes, such as IgA, IgE and IgG. Measurement of IgH CSR in vitro is a key method for the study of a number of biologic processes ranging from DNA recombination and repair to aspects of molecular and cellular immunology. In vitro CSR assay involves the flow cytometric measurement surface Ig expression on activated B cells. While measurement of IgA and IgG subclasses is straightforward, measurement of IgE by this method is problematic due to soluble IgE binding to Fc&#949;RII/CD23 expressed on the surface of activated B cells. Here we describe a unique procedure for accurate measurement of IgE-producing mouse B cells that have undergone CSR in culture. The method is based on trypsin-mediated cleavage of IgE-CD23 complexes on cell surfaces, allowing for detection of IgE-producing B lineage cells by cytoplasmic staining. This procedure offers a convenient solution for flow cytometric analysis of CSR to IgE.

In vitro analysis of class switch recombination in mice is challenging due to cytophilic IgE molecules bound to Fc receptors on the surface of B cells. We describe a method for IgE detection using trypsin-mediated cleavage of surface-bound IgE prior to fixation and permeabilization for cytoplasmic fluorescence staining.

진정한 검출 마우스 B 리니지 세포를 IgE 항체가 발현

B lymphocyte immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) is a process wherein initially expressed IgM switches to other IgH ...

면역학 및 감염병학

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of na&#239;ve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is controlled up to 95 % of the T cells generated during the expansion phase are eliminated (i.e., contraction phase) and memory T cells remain, sometimes for a lifetime. In humans, two functionally distinct subsets of memory T cells have been described based on the expression of lymph node homing receptors. Central memory T cells express C-C chemokine receptor 7 and CD45RO and are mainly located in T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs. Effector memory T cells express CD45RO, lack CCR7 and display receptors associated with lymphocyte homing to peripheral or inflamed tissues. Effector T cells do not express either CCR7 or CD45RO but upon encounter with antigen produce effector cytokines, such as interferon-&#947;. Interferon-&#947; release assays are used for the diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis and detect primarily effector and effector memory T cell responses. Central memory T cell responses by CD4+ T cells to vaccination, on the other hand, may be used to predict vaccine efficacy, as demonstrated with simian immunodeficiency virus infection of non-human primates, tuberculosis in mice, and malaria in humans. Several studies with mice and humans as well as unpublished data on cattle, have demonstrated that interferon-&#947; ELISPOT assays measure central memory T cell responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured in decreasing concentration of antigen for 10 to 14 days (long-term culture), allowing effector responses to peak and wane; facilitating central memory T cells to differentiate and expand within the culture.

Long-term cultured interferon-&#947; enzyme-linked immunospot assay is used as a measure of central memory responses and correlates with protective anti-mycobacterial vaccine responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and interleukin-2 for 14 days, enabling differentiation and expansion of central memory T cells.

소에 이펙터 및 메모리 T 세포 반응을 평가하기위한 장기 배양 인터페론-γ 효소 링크 된 Immunospot 분석의 응용 프로그램

Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of na&#239;ve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is ...

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation which affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of the best ways to study the immunological mechanisms involved during the disease is the T cell transfer model of colitis. In this model, immunodeficient mice (RAG-/- recipients) are reconstituted with naive CD4+ T cells from healthy wild type hosts.
This model allows examination of the earliest immunological events leading to disease and chronic inflammation, when the gut inflammation perpetuates but does not depend on a defined antigen. To study the potential role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the disease process, it is helpful to have an antigen-driven disease model, in which a defined commensal-derived antigen leads to colitis. An antigen driven-colitis model has hence been developed. In this model OT-II CD4+ T cells, that can recognize only specific epitopes in the OVA protein, are transferred into RAG-/- hosts challenged with CFP-OVA-expressing E. coli. This model allows the examination of interactions between APCs and T cells in the lamina propria.

In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).

항원 중심의 성 대장염 모델의 개발은 항원이 T 세포에 세포를 제시하여 항원의 프리젠 테이션을 공부하기

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation which affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of the best ways to study the immunological ...

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

Antibodies play a crucial role in coupling the innate and adaptive immune responses against viral pathogens through their antigen binding domains and Fc-regions. Here, we describe how to measure the activation of Fc effector functions by monoclonal antibodies targeting the influenza virus hemagglutinin with the use of a genetically engineered Jurkat cell line expressing an activating type 1 Fc-Fc&#947;R. Using this method, the contribution of specific Fc-Fc&#947;R interactions conferred by immunoglobulins can be determined using an in vitro assay.

We describe a method to measure the activation of Fc-mediated effector functions by antibodies that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin. This assay can also be adapted to assess the ability of monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal sera targeting other viral surface glycoproteins to induce Fc-mediated immunity.

독감 조류 특정 항 체에 의해 유도 된 Fc 중재 Effector 기능을 평가 하는 방법

Antibodies play a crucial role in coupling the innate and adaptive immune responses against viral pathogens through their antigen binding domains and ...

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. We have demonstrated that plasmid-DNA (pDNA) vaccine delivery into the skin elicits robust humoral responses in the guinea pig. However, the use of this animal to model immune responses was somewhat limited in the past due to the lack of available reagents and protocols to study T cell responses. T cells play a pivotal role in both immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic mechanisms. Understanding T cell responses is crucial for the development of infectious disease and oncology vaccines and accommodating delivery devices. Here we describe an interferon-gamma (IFN-&#947;) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The assay enables researchers to characterize vaccine-specific T-cell responses in this important rodent model. The ability to assay cells isolated from the peripheral blood provides the opportunity to track immunogenicity in individual animals.

The development of the interferon-gamma ELISpot assay for guinea pig PBMCs allows the characterization of T-cell responses in this highly relevant model for studying infectious diseases. We have applied the assay to measure T cell responses associated with intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines.

예방 접종 후 기니 돼지 모델에서 측정 T 세포 응답에 최적화 된 인터페론-감마 ELISpot 분석 결과

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, ...

Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by Fc&#947;RIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies

One mechanism of action for clinical efficacy by therapeutic antibodies is the promotion of immune-related functions, such as cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity, driven by Fc&#947;RIIIa (CD16) expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. These observations have led to research focusing on methods to increase Fc receptor-mediated events, which include removal of a fucose moiety found on the Fc portion of the antibody. Further studies have elucidated the mechanistic changes in signaling, cellular processes, and cytotoxic characteristics that increase ADCC activity with afucosylated antibodies. Additionally, other studies have shown the potential benefits of these antibodies in combination with small molecule inhibitors. These experiments demonstrated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the benefits of using afucosylated antibodies in combination settings. Many of these observations were based on an artificial in vitro activation assay in which the Fc&#947;RIIIa on human NK cells was activated by therapeutic antibodies. This assay provided the flexibility to study downstream effector NK cell functions, such as cytokine production and degranulation. In addition, this assay has been used to interrogate signaling pathways and identify molecules that can be modulated or used as biomarkers. Finally, other therapeutic molecules (i.e., small molecule inhibitors) have been added to the system to provide insights into the combination of these therapeutics with therapeutic antibodies, which is essential in the current clinical space. This manuscript aims to provide a technical foundation for performing this artificial human NK cell activation assay. The protocol demonstrates key steps for cell activation as well as potential downstream applications that range from functional readouts to more mechanistic observations.

A protocol for studying Fc&#947;RIIIa-driven events by therapeutic antibodies in human natural killer cells is described here. This artificial stimulation platform permits the interrogation of downstream effector functions such as degranulation, chemokine/cytokine production, and signaling pathways mediated by the Fc&#947;RIIIa and Fc portions of antibodies involved in binding.

치료 항체의 존재에 FcγRIIIa 참여에 의해 구동 인간 자연 킬러 세포 이벤트의 평가

One mechanism of action for clinical efficacy by therapeutic antibodies is the promotion of immune-related functions, such as cytokine secretion and ...

3D Bovine Ileal Enteroid Culture에서 2D Monolayer 확립

Generation of a Bovine Primary Enteroid-Derived Two-Dimensional Monolayer Culture System for Applications in Translational Biomedical Research

Organoid cell culture systems can recapitulate the complexity observed in tissues, making them useful in studying host-pathogen interactions, evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity, and tissue bioengineering. However, applying these models for the described reasons may be limited because of the three-dimensional (3D) nature of these models. For example, using 3D enteroid culture systems to study digestive diseases is challenging due to the inaccessibility of the intestinal lumen and its secreted substances. Indeed, stimulation of 3D organoids with pathogens requires either luminal microinjection, mechanical disruption of the 3D structure, or generation of apical-out enteroids. Moreover, these organoids cannot be co-cultured with immune and stromal cells, limiting in-depth mechanistic analysis into pathophysiological dynamics. To circumvent this, we optimized a bovine primary cell two-dimensional (2D) enteroid-derived monolayer culture system, allowing co-culture with other relevant cell types. Ileal crypts isolated from healthy adult cattle were cultured to generate 3D organoids that were cryopreserved for future use. A 2D monolayer was created using revived 3D enteroids that were passaged and disrupted to yield single cells, which were seeded on basement membrane extract-coated transwell cell culture inserts, thereby exposing their apical surface. The intestinal monolayer polarity, cellular differentiation, and barrier function were characterized using immunofluorescence microscopy and measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Stimulation of the apical surface of the monolayer revealed the expected functionality of the monolayer, as demonstrated by cytokine secretion from both apical and basal compartments. The described 2D enteroid-derived monolayer model holds great promise in investigating host-pathogen interactions and intestinal physiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine.

저자 스포트라이트: 숙주-병원체 상호작용 연구를 위한 고급 장내 모델 

Enteroids are emerging as a novel model for studying tissue physiology and pathophysiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine. Here, we describe a bovine primary cell 2D enteroid-derived culture system that permits co-culture with relevant tissue cell types. This model offers a translational advantage for gastrointestinal research modeling.

중개 생물의학 연구에 응용하기 위한 소 1차 장내염 유래 2차원 단층 배양 시스템 생성

Organoid cell culture systems can recapitulate the complexity observed in tissues, making them useful in studying host-pathogen interactions, evaluating ...

개발

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

망막 안료 상피 생리학과 Pathophysiology 연구를위한 실험 모델

진정한 검출 마우스 B 리니지 세포를 IgE 항체가 발현

소에 이펙터 및 메모리 T 세포 반응을 평가하기위한 장기 배양 인터페론-γ 효소 링크 된 Immunospot 분석의 응용 프로그램

항원 중심의 성 대장염 모델의 개발은 항원이 T 세포에 세포를 제시하여 항원의 프리젠 테이션을 공부하기

독감 조류 특정 항 체에 의해 유도 된 Fc 중재 Effector 기능을 평가 하는 방법

예방 접종 후 기니 돼지 모델에서 측정 T 세포 응답에 최적화 된 인터페론-감마 ELISpot 분석 결과

치료 항체의 존재에 FcγRIIIa 참여에 의해 구동 인간 자연 킬러 세포 이벤트의 평가

중개 생물의학 연구에 응용하기 위한 소 1차 장내염 유래 2차원 단층 배양 시스템 생성

중개 생물의학 연구에 응용하기 위한 소 1차 장내염 유래 2차원 단층 배양 시스템 생성

중개 생물의학 연구에 응용하기 위한 소 1차 장내염 유래 2차원 단층 배양 시스템 생성