Name: development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of equus caballus ige with its high-affinity receptor fcεri
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The authors thank Dr. Lynda Partridge for the provision of advice and laboratory facilities.

Celi Line 1) hazırlanması: <ol><li> At FcεRI α ifade RBL-2H3.1 hücre çizgisi Geliştirme: <ol><li> 28: tek tabakalı hücre hatları için temel doku kültürü teknikleri kullanılarak, at FcεRIα gen (Y18204.1 Gen Bankası) taşıyan, pEE6 plasmidi kullanılarak ebeveyn RBL-2H3.1 hücreleri transfekte. 1.2 x10 7 hücreleri mi -1 yoğunluğunda hücreler 0.8 ml 2 ug plasmid DNA ug ul -1 ekleyin. Hemen ardından 10 dakika süreyle buz üzerinde inkübe 0.4 cm&#39;lik bir electrocuvette kullanılarak, 250 V 960 uF&#39;de hücrelerin elektroporasyonu. </li><li> Genetisin G418 sülfat 0.4 g içeren bir ortam kullanılarak dönüştürülmüş hücreler daha sonra da bir floresan IgE antikorları ile etiketleyerek FACS yoluyla geri kalan canlı hücreler sıralamak. Soruşturma 2, 3, at FcεRIα hücre hattı ifade edilen RBL-2H3.1 kullanın. </li></ol></li><li> Ön testi, antikor hassasiyeti: <ol><li&gt; Hasat birleşen bir Petri kabı at FcεRIα hücrelerini ifade RBL-2H3.1. 5x10 hücre 5 mi -1 değerinde bir hücre yoğunluğu kültür ortamı içinde hücrelerin yeniden askıya yıkayın. </li><li> , 1 ng mL -1 nihai konsantrasyona kadar süspanse hücrelerine ilgi IgE ekleyin daha sonra sütun 1-6 bir 96 kuyulu bir levha üzerine hücre, 100 ul plaka ve 37 ° C ila +% 5 CO2 ile + 90% inkübe 16 saat süre bağıl nem. İnkübasyon süresinden sonra, ve salım deneyi gerçekleştirmeden önce, iyi bir karışmaya ve hücre yapışması için bir mikroskop altında kuyu edin. </li></ol></li></ol> 2) Salma Deneyi: <ol><li> Hücreleri Yıkama: <ol><li> Sıcak salınım tamponu 37 ° C &#39;de (25 mM PIPES, 120 mM sodyum klorür, 5 mM potasyum klorid, 0.04 mM magnezyum klorür, 1 mM kalsiyum klorür), nazik bir hücre yıkama için izin vermek. </li><li> Hücre ortamı çıkarmak için plaka iterek ve sıcak 100 ul ekleyerek 3 hücreleri yıkayın7 ° C, çıkış tamponu. Iki kez tekrarlayın. </li></ol></li><li> Antigen ile karşılaşmadan: <ol><li> Antijenin bir seri seyreltme 0 ng ml -1, mililitre başına 0,1 ng mi -1, 1 ng mL -1, 10 ng mi -1, 100 ng mi -1 (NIP-HSA ve DNP-HSA), 1.000 ng ml hazırlayın -1, 10,000 ng açma tamponu mi -1 ve 37 ° C&#39;de ısıtın. </li><li> Ikinci hücre yıkamadan sonra, ortam atmak ve antijen çözümler 100 ul ile değiştirilir. Aynı sıradaki çukurlar (örneğin A1-6) &#39;ü ilave aynı antijen konsantrasyonu olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> 0 ng ml -1 antijeni ekleyerek satır A negatif kontrol kurmak. Triton-X tamponu (% 5 Triton X-100), H sırası hücreleri içinde hücreleri lize etmek için, ardından sıra (BG) aşağı doğru artan antijen konsantrasyonu ekleme, bir pozitif kontrol olarak kullanılır. 20 dakika sonra, hücreler, kendi aracıları bırakma izin vermek için 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edilir. </li></ol></li><li> Birey kontrolleri ayarlama: <ol><li> İnkübasyondan sonra, levha, diğer yarısı (kuyular A1-6 kuyu A7-12 için, vs.), hücre süpernatan 50 ul transfer. Süpernatant geri kalan 50 ul atın ve sütun 1-6 hücrelerin içindeki toplam aracıların yüzdesi de sütun 7-12 her serbest aracıların niceliğin ölçülmesini sağlamak için Triton-X tampon maddesi 50 ul ile değiştirin . </li></ol></li><li> Enzim alt-tabaka: </li><li> Β-heksosaminidaz alt-tabaka (50 mM 4-nitrofenil N-asetil-β-D-glükozaminit sitrat tamponu 0.2 M sitrik asit ve 0.2 M sodyum asetat ilave edilmesi ile 2 mM&#39;ye kadar seyreltilir DMSO içinde hazırlanmış, pH 4.5) 50 ul ekle Tüm oyuklara β-heksosaminidaz enzim ile 4-nitrofenol için alt-tabaka dönüşümünü kolaylaştırdı. 2 saat boyunca 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edin. </li></ol><img alt="Şekil 2.4.1" fo:content-width="4in" src="/files/ftp_upload/52222/52222fig241.jpg" width = &quot;400&quot; /&gt; <ol start="5"><li> Reaksiyonu Sonlandırma: <ol><li> Her bir ilave 150 ul Tris tamponu (1 M Tris-HCI, pH 9) ayrıca tampon yüksek pH ile reaksiyonu durdurun reaksiyonu durdurur ve bir sarı renk içine 4-nitrofenol döner. </li></ol></li><li> Sonuçları Okuma ve analiz: <ol><li> Sarı renk içine çekmeyi ölçmek üzere 405 nm &#39;de bir plakalı spektrofotometresi kullanılarak, plaka okuyun. Aşağıdaki formül kullanılarak serbest β-heksosamınıdaz yüzdesi hesaplanmıştır: </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="Şekil 2.6.1" fo:content-width="1in" src="/files/ftp_upload/52222/52222fig261.jpg" width="100" /><ol start="2"><li> Ortalama her satır için alınır sonra her kuyuya, bu formülü uygulayın. A1 ve A7 96 oyuklu bir plaka içerisinde kuyu konumunu temsil eder. Agai (toplam mediatör salınımı karşılık) β-heksosaminidaz salımının yüzde grafiğenst antijen konsantrasyonu 2, 3. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests in this paper.

Özetle bu soruşturmanın sonuçları at FcεRIα ifade RBL-2H3.1 hücreleri, bir antijen tarafından at IgE ile duyarlı ve meydan, onlar içinde arabulucu toplam miktarın% 4.88 ± 36,68% bir zirve mediatör salınımını vermek olduğunu gösterdi Hücreler, RBL-2H3.1 göre ana hücreler ekuin FcεRIα ifade değildir. Dolayısıyla, bu tahlil soruşturma ve in vitro at alerjik yanıtları incelemek için yararlı bir araç sağlar. Onun mast hücresi / bazofil soy hücreleri t...

Alerji bin beri bilinmektedir. Bir astım tedavisi Ebers Papirüs (~ 1550 BCE) olarak bilinen Antik Mısır tıbbi metinde açıklanan ve 7 tedavisinde bitkisel ilaçlar tartışıldı. Günümüzde alerji T yardımcı hücre tür 2 (T H 2), bağışıklık sistemi kolu alerjenler olarak adlandırılan, çevresel antijenlere yanıt olarak immünoglobülin E (IgE) antikorlarının üretimi yön, bir tip I hipersensitivite cevabı olarak sınıflandırılır. Bunlar yaygın olarak bağışıklık sistemi hücreleri ile etkileşen ve IgE sentezi, sigara dumanı ya da dizel egzoz parçacıklar içinde parçacıklar geliştirmek göstermemektedir gibi interlökin-4 ve interlökin-13 8, 9 da dahil olmak üzere sentez ve pro-inflamatuar sitokinlerin salgılanmasını uyaran çeşitli maddelerdir 10. Son 50 yılda sanayileşmiş ülkelerde alerjik belirtiler de artış etkisi bir arada atfedilmiştir&#39;Hijyen Hipotezi&#39; 11 tarafından önerilen TH 2 sitokinler tarafından baskın bir profil yönünde immün yanıtı kaydırmaya birleştirmek çevresel kirleticiler ve daha dezenfekte çevre için bir eğilim,. Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi, insanlar alerjiden muzdarip olan tek memeli değildir. Özellikle atlar ve köpekler de klasik alerjik tepkiler geliştirebilir ve at alerji genetik ve çevresel faktörlere atfedilen insanlarda olduğu gibi 12 tarafından bir çalışma olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu hayvanlar bir kez klinik bulgular koymuş alerji genetik ve çevresel nedenler, hastalığa karşı duyarlılık onun ilerlemesi ve olası müdahale stratejileri arasındaki etkileşimi incelemek için iyi modeller sunuyoruz 1887 yılında, Stömmer, at kardiyovasküler sistem üzerindeki histamin etkisi insan ve at astım 13 arasındaki benzerliği açıklamak için ilk kişi olduİnsanlarda 14 çok benzer. Atlar da 15 yıllık 115.000.000.000 $ ABD bir bahis cirosu ile değer US $ 72 milyar at yarışı endüstrisinin temel taşı vardır. En çağdaş yarış atları itibaren 1878 Lady Anne Blunt tarafından yetiştirilen Arap atları az sayıda torunlarıdır. Modern yarış atları yaygın performans yetenekleri seçmek için akrabası olan. Bunlar, allerjik tepkileri monte duyarlılıkları bunlardan biri genetik bozukluklar, yatkındır. Onlar da bile en ciddi alerjik insanlarda 16 1000 kat daha yüksek serum IgE seviyeleri var. At alerjik tepkiler genellikle böcek ısırığı hipersensitivitesi (IBH) 17, 18 olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sebebiyle sokması dermatit IBH sonuçlar cinsi Culicoides böcekler oluşturur. At alerjik hastalığın diğer bir şekli tekrarlayan solunum yolu tıkanmaları (RAO), bu akciğerlerde ve solunum yollarında tecelli olmasıdır. Hışıltı ve laboratuarı ile karakterizedirORed nefes. RAO sık mantar sporlarına tepki olarak ortaya çıkar ve başka bir soruşturma bu 20 teyit edilmemiş olmasına rağmen, yüksek alerjen spesifik IgE düzeyleri bir çalışmada 19 RAO muzdarip atların kaydedilmiştir. At alerjisi çalışmalar girişimi izlemeyi ve anti-at IgE monoklonal antikorları (mAb &#39;ler) 21, 22 geliştirerek ekuin IgE nötralize etrafında dönmektedir. Bundan başka, 23 tarafından yapılan çalışmada at yüksek afiniteli Fc reseptörün α hücre dışı etki üretimini tartışmaktadır at serumu IgE tespit etmek ve miktarını belirlemek için bir girişim zincirli (FcεRIα) reseptörü. Ledin 24 ile ilgili bir çalışma öz / non-self immünojenlerini kullanarak bağışıklık sistemini astarlanırsa serum IgE nötralize amaçlayan yeni bir yaklaşım anlatılmaktadır. Tüm bu çalışmalar, ancak, kendi protokollerinin güvenliğini ve etkinliğini test etmek etkili bir tahlil yoktu. Bu makalede, biz şimdi böyle bir tahlil sys sunmakβ-heksosaminidaz bırakma, hücre arabulucu degranülasyonunun bir göstergesi olarak, at FcεRIα ifade RBL-2H3.1 hücreleri üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir at sistemi ile ilgili tanı ve tedavi stratejilerinin çalışmaya uygulanabilir tem. Bu protokol, farklı türlerden elde edilen IgE için yüksek afinite reseptörünün IgE bağlama alanını kodlayan gen ile transfekte edilmiş, RBL hücrelerinde ve mühendislik tarif Önceki yayınlarda 25, 4, 5, 2, 3 dayanır. Protokol, sonuçları üçlü deneylerde standart sapma ± ortalama olarak sunulan bir β-heksosaminidaz salım deneyi gerçekleştirmek açıklar. Salınım testi ilk Siraganian tarafından geliştirilen ve insan alerji incelemek için 25 Hook edildi. Dr. Reuben Siraganian liderliğindeki laboratuar grubu da RBL hücre hattı geliştirdi. Bu RBL hücreler, insan FcεRIα ifade geliştirilmiş ve protokol 4 tarafından yayınlandı. Son parçasıDeney 4-hidroksi-3 hapten hedef bir IgE değişken bölgesi için bir fare geninin aşağısında ağır zincir genini klonlayarak, bir IgE antikorlarının üretimini tarif Neuberger 26 ile kağıt pSV plazmidin gelişimi ile gelen bölgesinin -nitro-fenasetil (NP), elde edilen kimerik antikor, tam fonksiyonel. Ayrıca bazofil hücre degranülasyonu ölçmek için yararlı bir protokol verme deneyinin standardizasyon sonuçlanan RBL hücrelerinde yüzeyi reseptörüne klonlanması ise becerisi aynı hapten hedefleme IgE geliştirmektir. Tahlil artıları ve eksileri var. Analizin artıları, bizim laboratuvar böylece insan, köpek ve at sistemleri degranülasyonunu test etmek için kullanılan olan herhangi bir memeli sistemi içinde kullanılmak üzere olan uyum ve bu basit bir organizmanın IgE sentezlenmesi ve bunun reseptörü klonlama ile elde edilebilir RBL hücrelerinde yüzeyi üzerine. Diğer taraftan,Tahlil dezavantajları, RBL hücrelerinde bunların Aynı deney içinde degranülasyon seviyelerinin varyasyonu elde yapma, termal, mekanik ve pH değişikliklerine karşı çok duyarlı olmasıdır. Bu nedenle kuvvetli tahliller zaman, üç kez tekrar edilir ve daha sonra bir ortalama onlardan alınır tavsiye edilir. Ayrıca, RBL hücreleri kendi bakım hantal hale uzun bir zaman (&gt; 10 haftalık) 27 doku kültürü içinde kalması durumunda olmayan serbest fenotipe doğru kayma eğilimindedir. Onlar da bir ışık mikroskobu görünmez ve hücrenin morfolojisi değişmez mikoplazma bakterilerin neden olduğu enfeksiyonların, eğilimli, ama büyük ölçüde onların degranülasyona düzeylerini değiştirmek istiyorum. Böylece düzenli mikoplazma testleri gereklidir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>RBL-2H3.1 Expressing Equine Fc&amp;epsilon;RI&amp;alpha;</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Produced in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>Equine IgE anti NIP-HSA</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Produced in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>96 Well Plate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS3595</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Multi Channel Pipette</td><td>Anachem</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Incubator</td><td>Galaxy R</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>4Hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenylacetic acid</td><td>Cambridge Research Biochemicals</td><td>N-1070-1</td><td>NIP-OH was conjugated with Human Serum Albumin to make NIP-HSA in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>Dinitrophenyl Conjugated to Human Serum Albumin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A6661</td><td>Abbreviated DNP-HSA</td></tr><tr><td>Plate Spectrophotometer</td><td>Anthos Labtec HT2</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Pipes</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P1851</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S7653</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P9333</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M2670</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium Chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C1016</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Triton x100</td><td>Sigma</td><td>X100</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-&amp;beta;-D-glucosaminide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>N9376</td><td>Stock solution called &amp;beta;-hexosaminidase substrate was 50mM prepared in DMSO</td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D2650</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Citric Acid</td><td>Sigma</td><td>251275</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Acetate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S7670</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Tris</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T5941</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table>

development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of equus caballus ige with its high-affinity receptor fc&#949;ri

The interaction of IgE with its high-affinity Fc receptor (Fc&#949;RI) followed by an antigenic challenge is the principal pathway in IgE mediated allergic reactions. As a consequence of the high affinity binding between IgE and Fc&#949;RI, along with the continuous production of IgE by B cells, allergies usually persist throughout life, with currently no permanent cure available. Horses, especially race horses, which are commonly inbred, are a species of mammals that are very prone to the development of hypersensitivity responses, which can seriously affect their performance. Physiological responses to allergic sensitization in horses mirror that observed in humans and dogs. In this paper we describe the development of an in situ assay system for the quantitative assessment of the release of mediators of the allergic response pertaining to the equine system. To this end, the gene encoding equine Fc&#949;RI&#945; was transfected into and expressed onto the surface of parental Rat Basophil Leukemia (RBL-2H3.1) cells. The gene product of the transfected equine &#945;-chain formed a functional receptor complex with the endogenous rat &#946;- and &#947;-chains 1. The resultant assay system facilitated an assessment of the quantity of mediator secreted from equine Fc&#949;RI&#945; transfected RBL-2H3.1 cells following sensitization with equine IgE and antigenic challenge using &#946;-hexosaminidase release as a readout 2, 3. Mediator release peaked at 36.68% &#177; 4.88% at 100 ng ml-1 of antigen. This assay was modified from previous assays used to study human and canine allergic responses 4, 5. We have also shown that this type of assay system has multiple applications for the development of diagnostic tools and the safety assessment of potential therapeutic intervention strategies in allergic disease 6, 2, 3.

Ebeveyn RBL-2H3.1 hücreleri ve at FcεRIα reseptörü geni ile transfekte edilmiş olan birinci fare IgE anti-DNP-HSA ile duyarlı ve DNP-HSA antigen ile tehdit edildi. Fare IgE her iki hücre içinde endojen fare reseptörüne bağlanan ve bu nedenle mediatörler (Şekil 1 A) &#39;serbest bırakmak için, her iki hücre çizgilerinin salma canlılığını test etmek için bir kontrol olarak işlev görür. Bu önemli bir kontroldür ve hücre kültüründe uzatılmış (&gt; 10 hafta) geçmesi üzer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcÃŽÂµRI at JoVE.com

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor Fc&#949;RI

The current study describes the development and applications of a genetically engineered assay system based on the transfection of rat basophilic leukemia cells with the equine Fc&#949;RI&#945; gene. Transfected cells express a functional receptor where the release of mediators of the allergic response can be activated by IgE and antigen.

Bir Geliştirilmesi<em&gt; In vitro</emEtkileşimini incelemek için&gt; bir model sistem<em&gt; Equus</em&gt;<em&gt; Caballus</emYüksek afiniteli reseptör FcεRI&gt; ile IgE

The interaction of IgE with its high-affinity Fc receptor (Fc&#949;RI) followed by an antigenic challenge is the principal pathway in IgE mediated ...

development-an-vitro-model-system-for-studying-interaction-equus

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

12.4K Görüntüleme.  King Abdulaziz University. The current study describes the development and applications of a genetically engineered assay system based on the transfection of rat basophilic leukemia cells with the equine FcεRIα gene. Transfected cells express a functional receptor where the release of mediators of the allergic response can be activated by IgE and antigen.

Video: Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (hfRPE) cultures with morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of native human RPE. These hfRPE cell cultures exhibit heavy pigmentation, and electron microscopy show extensive apical membrane microvilli. The junctional complexes were identified with immunofluorescence labeling of various tight junction proteins. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied mammalian models of native RPE, including human. These results were extended by the development of therapeutic interventions in several animal models of human eye disease. We have focused on strategies for the removal of abnormal fluid accumulation in the retina or subretinal space. The extracellular subretinal space separates the photoreceptor outer segments and the apical membrane of the RPE and is critical for maintenance of retinal attachments and a whole host of RPE/retina interactions.

We provide a reproducible method for culturing confluent monolayers of human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells (hfRPE) cells that exhibit morphology, physiology, polarity, and protein and gene expression patterns of adult native tissue. This work has been extended to an animal model of several eye diseases.

Retina Pigment Epitel Fizyoloji ve Patofizyoloji Çalışma Deneysel Modeller

We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium ...

Nörobilim

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of na&#239;ve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is controlled up to 95 % of the T cells generated during the expansion phase are eliminated (i.e., contraction phase) and memory T cells remain, sometimes for a lifetime. In humans, two functionally distinct subsets of memory T cells have been described based on the expression of lymph node homing receptors. Central memory T cells express C-C chemokine receptor 7 and CD45RO and are mainly located in T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs. Effector memory T cells express CD45RO, lack CCR7 and display receptors associated with lymphocyte homing to peripheral or inflamed tissues. Effector T cells do not express either CCR7 or CD45RO but upon encounter with antigen produce effector cytokines, such as interferon-&#947;. Interferon-&#947; release assays are used for the diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis and detect primarily effector and effector memory T cell responses. Central memory T cell responses by CD4+ T cells to vaccination, on the other hand, may be used to predict vaccine efficacy, as demonstrated with simian immunodeficiency virus infection of non-human primates, tuberculosis in mice, and malaria in humans. Several studies with mice and humans as well as unpublished data on cattle, have demonstrated that interferon-&#947; ELISPOT assays measure central memory T cell responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured in decreasing concentration of antigen for 10 to 14 days (long-term culture), allowing effector responses to peak and wane; facilitating central memory T cells to differentiate and expand within the culture.

Long-term cultured interferon-&#947; enzyme-linked immunospot assay is used as a measure of central memory responses and correlates with protective anti-mycobacterial vaccine responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and interleukin-2 for 14 days, enabling differentiation and expansion of central memory T cells.

Sığırlarda Efektör ve hafıza T Hücre Yanıtları değerlendirilmesi için uzun vadeli kültürlü İnterferon-γ Enzim-linked immünospot Testi Uygulaması

Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of na&#239;ve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation which affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of the best ways to study the immunological mechanisms involved during the disease is the T cell transfer model of colitis. In this model, immunodeficient mice (RAG-/- recipients) are reconstituted with naive CD4+ T cells from healthy wild type hosts.
This model allows examination of the earliest immunological events leading to disease and chronic inflammation, when the gut inflammation perpetuates but does not depend on a defined antigen. To study the potential role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the disease process, it is helpful to have an antigen-driven disease model, in which a defined commensal-derived antigen leads to colitis. An antigen driven-colitis model has hence been developed. In this model OT-II CD4+ T cells, that can recognize only specific epitopes in the OVA protein, are transferred into RAG-/- hosts challenged with CFP-OVA-expressing E. coli. This model allows the examination of interactions between APCs and T cells in the lamina propria.

In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).

Bir Antijen odaklı Kolit Modelinin Geliştirilmesi Antijen T hücreleri için Hücreler sunulması ile Antijen Sunumu Eğitim için

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation which affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of the best ways to study the immunological ...

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

Antibodies play a crucial role in coupling the innate and adaptive immune responses against viral pathogens through their antigen binding domains and Fc-regions. Here, we describe how to measure the activation of Fc effector functions by monoclonal antibodies targeting the influenza virus hemagglutinin with the use of a genetically engineered Jurkat cell line expressing an activating type 1 Fc-Fc&#947;R. Using this method, the contribution of specific Fc-Fc&#947;R interactions conferred by immunoglobulins can be determined using an in vitro assay.

We describe a method to measure the activation of Fc-mediated effector functions by antibodies that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin. This assay can also be adapted to assess the ability of monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal sera targeting other viral surface glycoproteins to induce Fc-mediated immunity.

Grip Hemagglutinin özel antikorlar tarafından indüklenen Fc-aracılı efektör fonksiyonları değerlendirmek için bir yöntem

Antibodies play a crucial role in coupling the innate and adaptive immune responses against viral pathogens through their antigen binding domains and ...

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. We have demonstrated that plasmid-DNA (pDNA) vaccine delivery into the skin elicits robust humoral responses in the guinea pig. However, the use of this animal to model immune responses was somewhat limited in the past due to the lack of available reagents and protocols to study T cell responses. T cells play a pivotal role in both immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic mechanisms. Understanding T cell responses is crucial for the development of infectious disease and oncology vaccines and accommodating delivery devices. Here we describe an interferon-gamma (IFN-&#947;) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The assay enables researchers to characterize vaccine-specific T-cell responses in this important rodent model. The ability to assay cells isolated from the peripheral blood provides the opportunity to track immunogenicity in individual animals.

The development of the interferon-gamma ELISpot assay for guinea pig PBMCs allows the characterization of T-cell responses in this highly relevant model for studying infectious diseases. We have applied the assay to measure T cell responses associated with intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines.

En iyi duruma getirilmiş Interferon-gamma ELISpot tahlil ölçü birimi T hücre yanıtları sonrasi hipererjik eskiden şiling şimdi domuz modelinde

The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, ...

3 Boyutlu Sığır İleal Enteroid Kültüründen 2 Boyutlu Monotabaka Oluşturulması

Generation of a Bovine Primary Enteroid-Derived Two-Dimensional Monolayer Culture System for Applications in Translational Biomedical Research

Organoid cell culture systems can recapitulate the complexity observed in tissues, making them useful in studying host-pathogen interactions, evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity, and tissue bioengineering. However, applying these models for the described reasons may be limited because of the three-dimensional (3D) nature of these models. For example, using 3D enteroid culture systems to study digestive diseases is challenging due to the inaccessibility of the intestinal lumen and its secreted substances. Indeed, stimulation of 3D organoids with pathogens requires either luminal microinjection, mechanical disruption of the 3D structure, or generation of apical-out enteroids. Moreover, these organoids cannot be co-cultured with immune and stromal cells, limiting in-depth mechanistic analysis into pathophysiological dynamics. To circumvent this, we optimized a bovine primary cell two-dimensional (2D) enteroid-derived monolayer culture system, allowing co-culture with other relevant cell types. Ileal crypts isolated from healthy adult cattle were cultured to generate 3D organoids that were cryopreserved for future use. A 2D monolayer was created using revived 3D enteroids that were passaged and disrupted to yield single cells, which were seeded on basement membrane extract-coated transwell cell culture inserts, thereby exposing their apical surface. The intestinal monolayer polarity, cellular differentiation, and barrier function were characterized using immunofluorescence microscopy and measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Stimulation of the apical surface of the monolayer revealed the expected functionality of the monolayer, as demonstrated by cytokine secretion from both apical and basal compartments. The described 2D enteroid-derived monolayer model holds great promise in investigating host-pathogen interactions and intestinal physiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine.

Yazar Spotlight: Konak-patojen etkileşimlerini incelemek için gelişmiş enteroid model 

Enteroids are emerging as a novel model for studying tissue physiology and pathophysiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine. Here, we describe a bovine primary cell 2D enteroid-derived culture system that permits co-culture with relevant tissue cell types. This model offers a translational advantage for gastrointestinal research modeling.

Translasyonel Biyomedikal Araştırma Uygulamaları için Sığır Primer Enteroid Türevli İki Boyutlu Tek Katmanlı Kültür Sisteminin Oluşturulması

Organoid cell culture systems can recapitulate the complexity observed in tissues, making them useful in studying host-pathogen interactions, evaluating ...

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Adrenal activity can be assessed in the equine species by analysis of feces for corticosterone metabolites. During a potentially aversive situation, corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) is released from the hypothalamus in the brain. This stimulates the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn stimulates release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland. In horses the glucocorticoid corticosterone is responsible for several adaptations needed to support equine flight behaviour and subsequent removal from the aversive situation. Corticosterone metabolites can be detected in the feces of horses and assessment offers a non-invasive option to evaluate long term patterns of adrenal activity. Fecal assessment offers advantages over other techniques that monitor adrenal activity including blood plasma and saliva analysis. The non-invasive nature of the method avoids sampling stress which can confound results. It also allows the opportunity for repeated sampling over time and is ideal for studies in free ranging horses. This protocol describes the enzyme linked immunoassay (EIA) used to assess feces for corticosterone, in addition to the associated biochemical validation.

Adrenal activity can be assessed in the equine species by analysis of feces for corticosterone metabolites. The method offers a non-invasive option to assess long term patterns in both domestic and free ranging horses. This protocol describes the enzyme linked immunoassay involved and the associated biochemical validation.

Fekal Glukokortikoid Analizi: Tek tırnaklılarda in Non-invaziv Adrenal İzleme

Adrenal activity can be assessed in the equine species by analysis of feces for corticosterone metabolites. During a potentially aversive situation, ...

Biyoloji

A Tissue Culture Model of Estrogen-producing Primary Bovine Granulosa Cells

Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) are the major source of estradiol synthesis. Induced by the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, cells of the theca and, in particular, of the granulosa cell layer profoundly change their morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics and form the progesterone-producing corpus luteum that is responsible for maintaining pregnancy. Cell culture models are essential tools to study the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved in the folliculo-luteal transformation. The presented protocol focuses on the isolation procedure and cryopreservation of bovine GC from small- to medium-sized follicles (&#60; 6 mm). With this technique, a nearly pure population of GC can be obtained. The cryopreservation procedure greatly facilitates time management of the cell culture work independent of a direct primary tissue (ovaries) supply. This protocol describes a serum-free cell culture model that mimics the estradiol-active status of bovine GC. Important conditions that are essential for a successful steroid-active cell culture are discussed throughout the protocol. It is demonstrated that increasing the plating density of the cells induces a specific response as indicated by an altered gene expression profile and hormone production. Furthermore, this model provides a basis for further studies on GC differentiation and other applications.

A long-term culture model of bovine granulosa cells under serum-free conditions is described. This model allows researchers to study the effects of diverse factors and conditions as different plating densities on the characteristics of estrogen-producing bovine granulosa cells.

Birincil sığır Granulosa östrojen üreten bir doku kültürü Model hücreleri

Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) are the major source of estradiol synthesis. Induced by the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, cells of the theca ...

Bir Geliştirilmesi

Özet

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Bu videodaki bölümler

Retina Pigment Epitel Fizyoloji ve Patofizyoloji Çalışma Deneysel Modeller

Sığırlarda Efektör ve hafıza T Hücre Yanıtları değerlendirilmesi için uzun vadeli kültürlü İnterferon-γ Enzim-linked immünospot Testi Uygulaması

Bir Antijen odaklı Kolit Modelinin Geliştirilmesi Antijen T hücreleri için Hücreler sunulması ile Antijen Sunumu Eğitim için

Grip Hemagglutinin özel antikorlar tarafından indüklenen Fc-aracılı efektör fonksiyonları değerlendirmek için bir yöntem

En iyi duruma getirilmiş Interferon-gamma ELISpot tahlil ölçü birimi T hücre yanıtları sonrasi hipererjik eskiden şiling şimdi domuz modelinde

Translasyonel Biyomedikal Araştırma Uygulamaları için Sığır Primer Enteroid Türevli İki Boyutlu Tek Katmanlı Kültür Sisteminin Oluşturulması

Translasyonel Biyomedikal Araştırma Uygulamaları için Sığır Primer Enteroid Türevli İki Boyutlu Tek Katmanlı Kültür Sisteminin Oluşturulması

Translasyonel Biyomedikal Araştırma Uygulamaları için Sığır Primer Enteroid Türevli İki Boyutlu Tek Katmanlı Kültür Sisteminin Oluşturulması

Fekal Glukokortikoid Analizi: Tek tırnaklılarda in Non-invaziv Adrenal İzleme

Birincil sığır Granulosa östrojen üreten bir doku kültürü Model hücreleri