The authors acknowledge National Science Foundation grant CHE- 1214068 for supporting this research project.

GMS 1. 준비 <ol><li> 수신 한 다음 프로세스에서 모든 화학 물질을 사용합니다. </li><li> 염산 (HCL) 솔루션의 2 (M)의 75 mL로 준비합니다. 폴리 (에틸렌 글리콜)의 2.0 g을 달아 - 블록 - 폴리 (프로필렌 글리콜) - 블록 - 폴리 (에틸렌 글리콜) (P123, MW = 5800) 및 2 M HCl 용액의 제조 75 ㎖ 중에 옮긴다. P123이 완전히 용해 될 때까지 실온에서 350 R / 분의 속도로 용액을 자석 교반을 적용한다. 용액은 명백 할 것이다. </li><li> 작은 유리 병 및 전송 비스의 180 μL에 테트라에 톡시 실란 4g (TEOS, MW = 208.33)을 달아 [3- (트리에 톡시 실릴) 프로필] -tetrasulfide (TESPTS, MW = 538.94) 유리 병에. 천천히 유리 병 두 화학 물질을 섞어 흔들어. 다른 바이알에 염화 금산의 38 mg의 (HAuCl 4, 99.90 %)의 무게 및 DI 물 1 ㎖에 녹여. </li><li> 열전대에 의해 온도 제어 된 오일 조에서 35 ° C로 P123 용액의 온도를 증가시킨다. </li><li> 추가 TEOS의 혼합물과 모든TESPTS는 P123 솔루션 단계 1.3에서 준비, 700 R / 분의 활발한 자기 교반에서 솔루션을 유지. 2 분 동안 교반 솔루션을 유지 한 후 30 초 이내에 단계 1.3 적가 준비 HAuCl 4 솔루션을 모두 추가 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 35 ℃에서 24 시간 동안 700 R / 분에서 교반 솔루션을 유지합니다. </li><li> 24 시간 후, 72 시간 동안 100 ℃에서 오븐 세트에서 밀폐 용기에 저장 용액을 전송. 이것은 열수 처리라고합니다. </li><li> 열수 처리 한 후, 염산을 제거하기 위해 잔류 물을 2 회, 에탄올을 세척 한 후, 깔때기 아래에 세 번 1 번 여과 종이 부압 용액을 필터. 각각의 세척 과정에서, 고체 위의 물 또는 에탄올 1cm를 추가하고 재료가 마를 때까지 기다립니다. </li><li> 4 시간 동안 550 ℃에서 세라믹 도가니 하소로 여과에서 침전을 전송합니다. 다음과 같이 램프 프로그램을 설정 : 25 ° C에서 550 ° C에 2 시간, 4 550 ℃로 유지시간 후 온도가 40 ° C 이하로 떨어질 때까지 도어가 닫힌 샘플로 유지 할 수있다. </li><li> 하소 후, 플라스틱 주걱으로 유리 바이알에 제품을 옮긴다. 합성 물질은 붉은 색을 가지고있다. </li></ol> 2. 촉매 반응, 벤질 알코올의 산화 <ol><li> 벤질 알콜의 산화가 별도의 용매없이 액상 반응, 측정 5 벤질 알코올 (99.8 %)의 용액 및 25 mL의 3 구 플라스크에 그것을 전송하기 때문에, 다음 GMS 촉매 10 ㎎을 계량하며 벤질 추가 알코올. </li><li> 반응 온도를 정확하고 균일 한 제어를 보장하기 위해, 자기 교반하면서 온도 제어 오일 조를 설정한다. </li><li> 오일 욕에 벤질 알코올과 촉매를 넣고 플라스크 후 100 ° C까지 온도를 설정하고 (150), R / 분으로 교반한다. </li><li> 질량 흐름 제어기에 의해 제어되는 2 ㎖ / 분으로 플라스크에 99.9 % 순도로 산소 가스가 흐른다. </li><li> 때오일 욕의 온도는 삼구 플라스크에 산소 가스를 도입, 100 ° C에 도달하여 안정화시킨다. </li><li> 산소 유속 및 온도를 일정하게 유지하고, 반응을 6 시간 동안 수행 할 수있다. </li><li> 반응 후, 1 번 여과 종이 제품 필터. 액상을 수집하고 가스 크로마토 그래피 (GC) 바이알에 분취 옮긴다. GC 바이알에서, (예를 들어, 36 μL 시료 144 μL 아세트산을 사용합니다.) 모든 일부 샘플에 대한 네 부분의 HPLC 등급 초산을 혼합 분석을위한 가스 크로마토 그래프 자동 샘플러에 병을 넣어. DI 물과 에탄올로 여과지에 고체 침전물을 세척 한 후 공기 중에서 건조 할 수 있습니다. 재활용 촉매로서 주걱으로 건조 된 고체를 수집합니다. </li><li> 재활용 촉매로 3 회 2.7을 통해 단계 2.3에서 같은 실험 절차를 반복합니다. 각각의 반복에서, 단계 2.2에 기재된 비율에 맞게 벤질 알코올의 양을 조절한다. </li></ol> 3. THER열 안정성 테스트를위한 GMS의 말 치료 <ol><li> 합성 GMS의 세 개의 분리 된 300 mg의 부분을 달아 유리 병에 보관. 이러한 배치 (1), 대조군으로 배치 2 및 배치 3. 보관할 배치 (1)로 표시하고, 열 처리로에 배치 2 및 배치 (3)를 배치됩니다. </li><li> 400 ° C에서 처리를 위해 다음과 같이 노 프로그램 : 400 ° C 내지 25 ° C에서 램프를 0.5 시간으로는, 4 시간 동안 400 ℃에서 유지 시료 도어로 남아 있도록이 온도로 떨어질 때까지 폐쇄 40 ° C 이하. 도가니에 배치 (2)를 넣고 프로그램을 시작합니다. </li><li> 650 ° C에서 처리를 위해 다음과 같이 노 프로그램 : 도어가 닫힌 온도 아래로 떨어질 때까지 650 ° C 내지 25 ° C에서 램프를 0.75 시간에, 4 시간 동안 650 ℃에서 유지가 샘플로 남아 있도록 40 ° C. 도가니에 배치 3을 넣고 프로그램을 시작합니다. </li></ol> 4. 특성화GMS 재료 (21, 22)의 <ol><li> 60 분 동안 90 ° C와 480 분 후 350 ℃ : 물리적 흡착 악기, 드가는 다음과 같은 프로그램에 자료를 GMS. 물리적 흡착 데이터를 획득하기 위해 탈기 재료 풀 - 등온선 분석을 실행. </li><li> 200 메쉬 구멍 투성이 탄소 TEM 그리드 GMS 시료를 분산하고, 투과형 전자 현미경으로 시료를 관찰한다. 자료를 보호하기 위해 44,000X에서 배율을 제한합니다. </li><li> 구리 Kα 방사선 (λ = 1.5418 Å)와 실행 XRD. 설정 45 kV로의 튜브 전압 및 40mA의 관전류. 0.008 °의 단계 크기 및 각 단계에서 5 초의 측정 시간으로 2θ ° 범위에서 10 ° 내지 90 세기를 수집. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

합성 프로토콜 내에서 계면 활성제의 농도, 용액의 pH, 반응 온도에 대한 관심은 GMS의 성공적인 형성에 중요하다. 중요한 단계는 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 및 1.6이다. 위에서 언급 한 매개 변수는 계면 활성제로부터 형성된 미셀의 중요한 포장 매개 변수 및 위상을 제어 할 수 있습니다. 미셀의 위상 및 형태는 GMS위한 골격의 역할을 실리카 매트릭스의 최종 상태를 판정한다. 또한 형성 공정에 중요한 서열 및 HAuCl...

촉매 분야에서 큰 잠재력을 가진 신흥 기술로, 나노 크기의 물질은 과거 수십 년간 집중적 인 연구의 관심을 받았다. 나노 촉매를보고 사이에, 금 (Au), AG, 팔라듐과 백금 등의 귀금속 촉매는 세계적으로 주목 1-3을 받고있다. 선택은 촉매 반응에 금과 백금, 팔라듐 헥크 반응에 촉매 및 물 분해를 일산화탄소 연구자의 산화를 포함한다. 촉매 유망한 잠재력에도 불구하고, 금 나노 인한 중독, 코크스, 열분해, 소결에서 불 활성화 그 적용이 제한된다. 이는 귀금속 대한 대표로서, 높은 선택성을 가지며, 적은 금속 침출 경향, 과잉 산화, 4자가 중독, 즉 금을보고되었다. 그러나, 금은 촉매 성능 강하게 입도에 의존한다. Haruta 등의 알은. 촉매 성능 및 이동의 관계를보고했습니다LD 클러스터 직경, 입자 직경 2.7 ~ 5 nm 인 금으로 촉매의 높은 활성을 입증. 귀금속의 입경은 제조 방법 6-9에 의해 제어 될 수있다; 그러나, 다양한 응용 프로그램으로 주요 방해가 집계 및 활동의 손실 남아있다. 소결의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 통상적 인 방법은 지지체 물질 상에 나노 입자를 고정화하는 것이다. 다양한지지 물질은 다공성 실리카 10-11, 금속 산화물 반도체 (12 ~ 13), (14) 폴리머, 그라 펜 (15)과 카본 나노 튜브 (16)를 포함하여 적용되었다. 그것이 열적 및 화학적으로 안정한 비교적 불활성 만 약산성이며, 매우 잘 정의 된 메조 / 미세 다공성으로 제조 할 수 있기 때문에 사용되는 재료의 사이에, 다공질 실리카 지지체로서 매력적인 재료이다. 다공성 구조는 금속 입자에 대해 양호한 지원을 제공하지만, 기판의 크기 선택적 액세스를 부여금속 촉매. 이 때문에 이러한 선택성은 다공성 물질과 관련된 가변성 특히 유망하다. 종종, 금 입자는 이렇게 어려운 실리카 (19) 상에 금 나노 입자를 제조하기 위하여, 17-18 실리카 표면에 매우 용이하게 이동하고, 고온에 노출 될 때 매우 큰 (50+ ㎚) 반응성 입자를 형성하는 것이 발견된다. 케르 외. 3- 아미노 프로필 - 트리 메 톡시 실란 및 3- 머 캅토 프로필 - 트리에 톡시 실란, 및 지원되는 금 나노 입자에 의해 중세 공성 실리카 MCM-41에 단 분산 금 나노 입자의보고 고정화 수소화 반응에 대한 활성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다과 금의 어떠한 침출이 발견되지 않았다 반응 20. 메조 포러스 실리카의 표면 개질의보고에 따라, 우리는 금을 제조하는 방법은 메조 포러스 실리카 (GMS)의 벽에 인터 신고. 또한, 메조 포러스 실리카 지원 방법은 확장 가능한 AP를 제공합니다에 proach 잠재적 독립적으로 촉매 및 다공성 환경을 변경. 촉매 공정은 중요한 경제적 중요성 때문에, 이점까지 도달 될 수있다. 개발하는 능력은 &quot;그린&quot;촉매 환경에 지대한 긍정적 인 영향을 미칠 중요한 산업 공정의 경제성 및 자원 효율성을 개선한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>435465-250ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tetraethoxysilane</td><td>TCI</td><td>201-083-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-tetrasulfide</td><td>GELEST</td><td>SIB1825.0-100GM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>chloroauric acid</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>520918-1G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>benzyl alcohol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>305197-1L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>nitrogen physisorption</td><td>Micromeritics</td><td>Tristar II</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X-ray diffraction</td><td>Philips</td><td>X&#039;Pert Pro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>transmission electron microscopy</td><td>Philips</td><td>CM200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>gas chromatography</td><td>Shimadzu</td><td>GC-2010</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

synthesis and catalytic performance of gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous silica

유망한 촉매 활성 나노 반응기로, 메조 포러스 실리카 (GMS)에서 인터 금 나노 입자가 성공적으로 합성하고, 물질의 특성을 조사 하였다. 우리는 메조 포러스 실리카의 벽에 금 나노 입자를 층간 삽입하도록 한 냄비 졸 - 겔법을 사용했다. 합성을 시작하는, P123가 미셀을 형성하기 위해 주형으로 사용되었다. 이어서 TESPTS 금 나노 입자를 층간 삽입하는 표면 개질제로서 사용 하였다. 이 프로세스에 따라, TEOS 산성 환경에서 중합 공정을 시행 한 실리카 공급원으로서 첨가 하였다. 열수 처리 및 하소 후에, 최종 생성물을 획득 하였다. 몇 가지 기술은 금 인터 메조 포러스 실리카의 기공 형태와 구조를 특성화하기 위해 사용 하였다. 결과는 골드 인터 후 메조 포러스 실리카의 안정한 구조를 보였다. 반응 벤치 마크로서 벤질 알코올의 산화를 통해, GMS 물질은 높은 SELEC 나타났다tivity 및 재활용.

이 방법은 암 (HCC4017) 폐 세포 대 정상 (HBEC30KT)에서 헴 합성 수준을 비교하기 위해 사용되었다.이 정상 폐 세포 (HBEC30KT)보다 암세포 (HCC4017)에서 헴 합성의 더 높은 수준을 보여준다. 헴 합성의 레벨은 미토콘드리아 uncoupler 보닐 시안화 -3- chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)의 존재 하에서 정상 및 암 세포에서 측정 하였다. 세포는 헴 합성 수준을 측정하기 전에 24 시간 동안 10 μM의 CCCP ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

합성과 메조 포러스 실리카의 벽에 금 층상의 촉매 성능

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

synthesis-catalytic-performance-gold-intercalated-walls-mesoporous

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.0K 조회수.  Colorado School of Mines. Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

비디오: Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle diameters ranging from 30-250 nm by varying the reaction conditions. Through the selection of a microwave compatible solvent, silicic acid precursor, catalyst, and microwave irradiation time, these microwave-assisted methods were capable of overcoming the previously reported shortcomings associated with synthesis of silica nanoparticles using microwave reactors. The siloxane precursor was hydrolyzed using the acid catalyst, HCl. Acetone, a low-tan &#948; solvent, mediates the condensation reactions and has minimal interaction with the electromagnetic field. Condensation reactions begin when the silicic acid precursor couples with the microwave radiation, leading to silica nanoparticle sol formation. The silica nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering data and scanning electron microscopy, which show the materials&#39; morphology and size to be dependent on the reaction conditions. Microwave-assisted reactions produce silica nanoparticles with roughened textured surfaces that are atypical for silica sols produced by St&#246;ber&#39;s methods, which have smooth surfaces.

Silica nanoparticles were prepared using acid-catalysis of a siloxane precursor and microwave-assisted synthetic techniques resulting in the controlled growth of nanomaterials ranging from 30-250 nm in diameter. The growth dynamics can be controlled by varying the initial silicic acid concentration, time of the reaction, and temperature of reaction.

전자 레인지를 이용한 산 - 촉매 반응을 통해 실리카 나노 입자의 제조

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

연구

화학

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using conventional synthesis techniques. Coupling soft landing with in situ characterization using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) enables analysis of well-defined surfaces under clean vacuum conditions. The capabilities of three soft-landing instruments constructed in our laboratory are illustrated for the representative system of surface-bound organometallics prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dications, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = bipyridine), onto carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (COOH-SAMs). In situ time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS provides insight into the reactivity of the soft-landed ions. In addition, the kinetics of charge reduction, neutralization and desorption occurring on the COOH-SAM both during and after ion soft landing are studied using in situ Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-SIMS measurements. In situ IRRAS experiments provide insight into how the structure of organic ligands surrounding metal centers is perturbed through immobilization of organometallic ions on COOH-SAM surfaces by soft landing. Collectively, the three instruments provide complementary information about the chemical composition, reactivity and structure of well-defined species supported on surfaces.

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of novel materials. Coupled with analysis by in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), soft landing provides unprecedented insights into the interactions of well-defined species with surfaces.

대량 선택 이온 소프트 랜딩에 의해 준비 잘 정의 된 표면의 제자리 SIMS 및 IR 분광법

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

합성, 특성 및 하이브리드 금 / CD 및 금 /은 ZnS 코어 / 쉘 나노 입자의 작용 화

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

계층화 된 티탄 투명 필름의 층간 공간에서 집계하지 않고 금 나노 입자의 제자리 합성에

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

공학

Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method

The goal of the protocols described herein is to synthesize bioinspired silica materials, perform enzyme encapsulation therein, and partially or totally purify the same by acid elution. By combining sodium silicate with a polyfunctional bioinspired additive, silica is rapidly formed at ambient conditions upon neutralization. 
The effect of neutralization rate and biomolecule addition point on silica yield are investigated, and biomolecule immobilization efficiency is reported for varying addition point. In contrast to other porous silica synthesis methods, it is shown that the mild conditions required for bioinspired silica synthesis are fully compatible with the encapsulation of delicate biomolecules. Additionally, mild conditions are used across all synthesis and modification steps, making bioinspired silica a promising target for the scale-up and commercialization as both a bare material and active support medium.
The synthesis is shown to be highly sensitive to conditions, i.e., the neutralization rate and final synthesis pH, however tight control over these parameters is demonstrated through the use of auto titration methods, leading to high reproducibility in reaction progression pathway and yield. 
Therefore, bioinspired silica is an excellent active material support choice, showing versatility towards many current applications, not limited to those demonstrated here, and potency in future applications.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize bioinspired silica materials and immobilize enzymes therein. Silica is synthesized by combining sodium silicate and an amine &#39;additive&#39;, which neutralize at a controlled rate. Material properties and function can be altered either by in situ enzyme immobilization or post-synthetic acid elution of encapsulated additives.

Bioinspired 메서드를 사용 하 여 기능성 실리 카의 준비

The goal of the protocols described herein is to synthesize bioinspired silica materials, perform enzyme encapsulation therein, and partially or totally ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various precursor noble metal ions with reducing agents in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio results in the formation of metal gels within seconds to minutes compared to much longer synthesis times for other techniques such as sol-gel. Conducting the reduction step in a microcentrifuge tube or small volume conical tube facilitates a proposed nucleation, growth, densification, fusion, equilibration model for gel formation, with final gel geometry smaller than the initial reaction volume. This method takes advantage of the vigorous hydrogen gas evolution as a by-product of the reduction step, and as a consequence of reagent concentrations. The solvent accessible specific surface area is determined with both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. After rinsing and freeze drying, the resulting aerogel structure is examined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and nitrogen gas adsorption. The synthesis method and characterization techniques result in a close correspondence of aerogel ligament sizes. This synthesis method for noble metal aerogels demonstrates that high specific surface area monoliths may be achieved with a rapid and direct reduction approach.

A rapid, direct solution-based reduction synthesis method to obtain Au, Pd, and Pt aerogels is presented.

Au, Pd, Pt Aerogels 직접 솔루션 기반 감소를 통해 빠른 합성 방법

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

합성된 성공 탄소 그리고 실리 카 매트릭스의 표면 특성

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of their interactions with cell membranes, lipid bilayers, and viruses. The hydrophilic ligands make these particles colloidally stable in aqueous solutions and the combination with hydrophobic ligands creates an amphiphilic particle that can be loaded with hydrophobic drugs, fuse with the lipid membranes, and resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Many of these properties depend on nanoparticle size and the composition of the ligand shell. It is, therefore, crucial to have a reproducible synthetic method and reliable characterization techniques that allow the determination of nanoparticle properties and the ligand shell composition. Here, a one-phase chemical reduction, followed by a thorough purification to synthesize these nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, is presented. The ratio between the two ligands on the surface of the nanoparticle can be tuned through their stoichiometric ratio used during synthesis. We demonstrate how various routine techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, are combined to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles.

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles can be used in many biological applications. A protocol to synthesize gold nanoparticles coated by a binary mixture of ligands and a detailed characterization of these particles is presented.

합성 및 암화 금 나노 입자의 특성화

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

With this protocol, a well-defined singlesite silica-supported heterogeneous catalyst [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] is designed and prepared according to the methodology developed by surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC). In this framework, catalytic cycles can be determined by isolating crucial intermediates. All air-sensitive materials are handled under inert atmosphere (using gloveboxes or a Schlenk line) or high vacuum lines (HVLs, &#60;10-5 mbar). The preparation of SiO2-700 (silica dehydroxylated at 700 &#176;C) and subsequent applications (the grafting of complexes and catalytic runs) requires the use of HVLs and double-Schlenk techniques. Several well-known characterization methods are used, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental microanalysis, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR), and state-of-the-art dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP-SENS). FTIR and elemental microanalysis permit scientists to establish the grafting and its stoichiometry. 1H and 13C SSNMR allows the structural determination of the hydrocarbon ligands coordination sphere. DNP SENS is an emerging powerful technique in solid characterization for the detection of poorly sensitive nuclei (15N, in our case). SiO2-700 is treated with about one equivalent of the metal precursor compared to the amount of surface silanol (0.30 mmol&#183;g-1) in pentane at room temperature. Then, volatiles are removed, and the powder samples are dried under dynamic high vacuum to afford the desired materials [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(&#951;2&#960;-MeNCH2)(&#951;1-NMe2)(&#951;1-HNMe2)]. After a thermal treatment under high vacuum, the grafted complex is converted into metal imido silica complex [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)]. [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] effectively promotes the metathesis of imines, using the combination of two imine substrates, N-(4-phenylbenzylidene)benzylamine, or N-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-4-fluoroaniline, with N-benzylidenetert-butylamine as substrates. A significantly lower conversion is observed with the blank runs; thus, the presence of the imido group in [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] is correlated to the catalytic performance.

A new group IV metal catalyst for imine metathesis is prepared by grafting amine metal complex onto dehydroxylated silica. Surface metal fragments are characterized using FT-IR, elemental microanalysis, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Further dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy experiments complement the determination of the coordination sphere.

표면 유기 금속 화학의 방법론을 사용하여 실리카 지원 촉매에 의해 이민 대사

With this protocol, a well-defined singlesite silica-supported heterogeneous catalyst [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] is designed and prepared ...

A Salt-Templated Synthesis Method for Porous Platinum-based Macrobeams and Macrotubes

The synthesis of high surface area porous noble metal nanomaterials generally relies on time consuming coalescence of pre-formed nanoparticles, followed by rinsing and supercritical drying steps, often resulting in mechanically fragile materials. Here, a method to synthesize nanostructured porous platinum-based macrotubes and macrobeams with a square cross section from insoluble salt needle templates is presented. The combination of oppositely charged platinum, palladium, and copper square planar ions results in the rapid formation of insoluble salt needles. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio of metal ions present in the salt-template and the choice of chemical reducing agent, either macrotubes or macrobeams form with a porous nanostructure comprised of either fused nanoparticles or nanofibrils. Elemental composition of the macrotubes and macrobeams, determined with x-ray diffractometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is controlled by the stoichiometric ratio of metal ions present in the salt-template. Macrotubes and macrobeams may be pressed into free standing films, and the electrochemically active surface area is determined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. This synthesis method demonstrates a simple, relatively fast approach to achieve high-surface area platinum-based macrotubes and macrobeams with tunable nanostructure and elemental composition that may be pressed into free-standing films with no required binding materials.

A synthesis method to obtain porous platinum-based macrotubes and macrobeams with a square cross section through chemical reduction of insoluble salt-needle templates is presented.

다공성 플래티넘 기반 매크로빔 및 매크로튜브용 염식 합성 방법

The synthesis of high surface area porous noble metal nanomaterials generally relies on time consuming coalescence of pre-formed nanoparticles, followed ...