Name: paper-based devices for isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles
Uploaded: 2015-04-03T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 53 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Paper-based Devices for Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles at JoVE.com

이 작품은 대만 국립 과학위원회 grants- NSC 99-2320-B-007-005-MY2 (CC) 및 NSC 101-2628-E-007-011-MY3 (CMC) 및 재향 군인의 일반에 의해 부분적으로 지원 병원과 대만의 공동 연구 프로그램의 대학 시스템 (CC).

작업 절차의 일반 다이어그램 그림 1에 제공됩니다. 윤리 실천을 사용하여, 우리는 (정상인의 혈액 샘플을 수집하고, IRB는 프로토콜을 승인 대만에서 타이 재향 군인 병원 (TCVGH), 타이 통해 환자의 방수 샘플을 얻을 IRB TCVGH 번호 CF11213-1). 종이 장치 1. 제작 <ol><li> 96- 웰 마이크로 타이 터 플레이트와 같은 레이아웃을 제공하도록 직경 5mm의 원으로 크로마토 종이 잘라. 등록 관통 구멍, 라미네이트 두 폴리스티렌 시트 이러한 종이 조각을 샌드위치. </li><li> 다음 28 단계에서 설명한 화학적 컨쥬 게이션 방법을 사용하여 용지를 수정 장치. <ol><li> 플라즈마 챔버에서의 산소 플라즈마 (100 mW의 1 % 산소, 30 초)와 함께 종이 취급 장치. 주의 : 3- 머 캅토 프로필 트리 메 톡시 실란 및 N -γ 말레이 미도 숙신이 미드로 작업 할 때 특별한주의를 기울여야합니다에스테르 (GMBS), 그들은 모두 습기에 민감하고 독성이 있기 때문이다. 보호 장갑을 착용하고 흡입을 피하거나 피부 및 눈에 접촉. 밀폐하여 주식 병을 유지하고 결로를 방지하기 위해 열기 전에 RT 평형 수 있습니다. 또한, 질소 충전 장갑 가방이나 상자 안에 주식 병을 엽니 다. 작은 튜브로 나누어지는 주식 병을 자주 개방을 방지 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 바로 30 분 동안 에탄올 (200 증명)에 3- 머 캅토 프로필 트리 메 톡시 실란의 4 % (v / v)의 용액에 용지 처리 장치를 배양한다. </li><li> 에탄올로 종이 장치를 씻어 15 분간 에탄올에 0.01 μmol / ㎖ GMBS으로 그들을 품어. </li><li> 에탄올 (200 증명) 헹군 후 4 ℃에서 1 시간 동안 인산염 완충 식염수 (PBS)에 10 ㎍ / ml의 아비딘 용액을 종이 장치를 품어. 4 ° C에서 보관이 필요한 경우, 4 주 이내에 사용한다. </li></ol></li><li> (BSA를 PBS 10 μL가 소 혈청 알부민 (/ V W) 1 %를 함유하는 각 용지 테스트 존 적셔) 3 × 10 분 동안 캡처 분자를 바이오틴 10 μl를 안보 전에 3 × 10 분. 또는 아 넥신 V (1:20 넥신 V 결합 버퍼에 v / v)의 항 CD63 항체를 사용하여 (PBS는 w / v)의 BSA와 0.09 % (/ v)의 아 지드 화 나트륨 w (1 %를 포함하는 20 μg의는 / ㎖) 포획 분자. </li><li> PBS는 각각 3 × 1 분간 완충액 결합 BSA 또는 아 넥신 V (/ V W) 1 %를 함유하는 상응하는 10 μl를 이용하여 결합되지 않은 항 CD63 항체 또는 아 넥신 V 분자를 씻어. </li></ol> 2. 혈청 및 방수 샘플 수집 및 처리 <ol><li> 혈청 수집. <ol><li> 혈청 분리 튜브에 정맥 천자에 의해 말초 혈액 10 ㎖를 수집하고 부드럽게 튜브 다섯 번 반전. 수직으로 튜브를 설정하고 30 분 동안 기다립니다. </li><li> 15 분 동안 1,200 × g에서 원심 분리기. 30 분 동안 3,000 × g에서 다시 깨끗한 튜브 가기 층에서 혈청, 원심 분리기를 전송합니다. </li><li> 0.8 μm의 FIL 통해 뜨는을 전달터. 사용할 때까지 -80 ° C에서 샘플을 보관하십시오. </li></ol></li><li> 수성 유머 컬렉션 : 사용할 때까지 -80 ° C에서 직접 절차 및 샘플을 저장 침략을 통해 안과 의사에 의해 진단 된 환자에서 방수 샘플을 수집합니다. </li></ol> 세포 외 소포 3. 분리 <ol><li> 5 μL / 분의 속도로 각각의 용지 상에 테스트 존 순간 표본. </li><li> BSA 또는 넥신 V 각각 항 CD63 항체 또는 아 넥신 V 분자로 기능화 된 종이 장치의 3 × 1 분간 완충액 바인딩 (/ V는 W) PBS 1 % 함유 대응 10 μL와 언 바운드 전기차 헹구어. 다음과 같은 다운 스트림 분석을 수행합니다. </li></ol> 4. 다운 스트림 분석 예 1 : 스캔 Electromicrographs <ol><li> 10 분 동안 10 μL 0.5 × Karnovsky의 정착을 사용하여 작용 종이 테스트 존에서 캡처 한 전기 자동차를 수정합니다. </li><li> 2 × 5 분 동안 충분한 PBS로 샘플을 씻어. </li><li> 탈수10 분, 2 × 10 분, 50 % 에탄올, 2 × 10 분, 70 % 에탄올, 2 × 10 분, 95 % 에탄올, 4 × 10 분 동안 100 % 에탄올 이후 35 % 에탄올로 샘플. </li><li> 건조 및 코트에게 긴급 팔라듐 / 금으로 샘플을 스퍼터링하고, 저 전자 가속 전압에서 작동 사형 전자 현미경을 사용하여 검사 (~ 5 kV로). </li></ol> 5. 다운 스트림 분석 예 2 : 종이 기반의 ELISA <ol><li> 1 항 CD9 차 항체를 함유하는 5 μL 솔루션을 추가 : 1000 희석 PBS에서 캡처 전기 자동차를 포함하는 각 시험 영역에. 1 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> PBS가 30 초 동안 100 rpm으로 진탕 ml의 30 샘플을 씻어. </li><li> 5 μL 솔루션을 포함하는 고추 냉이 과산화 효소 (HRP)를 1 차 항체를 -linked 추가 PBS 1,000 희석하고 1 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> PBS가 30 초 동안 100 rpm으로 진탕 ml의 30 샘플을 씻어. </li><li> 과산화수소의 부피비 1 : 1를 함유하는 5 μL 비색 기질 추가D의 3,3 &#39;, 5,5&#39;- 테트라 메틸 벤지딘 (TMB)와 데스크탑 스캐너를 사용하여 스캔. </li></ol> 6. 다운 스트림 분석의 예 3 : RNA 분리 <ol><li> 캡처 된 전기 자동차를 용해하는 버퍼를 바인딩 / 폴리 비닐 피 롤리 돈 기반 RNA 분리 원조의 35 μL와 용해의 265 μL에 샘플을 담가. 소용돌이 적극적으로. </li><li> 해물에 격리 키트에 30 μL 균질를 추가합니다. 소용돌이는 적극적으로 10 분 동안 얼음에 넣어. </li><li> 다음 단계에 설명 된 산 페놀 - 클로로포름 분리를 사용하여 RNA를 추출합니다. <ol><li> 병의 바닥 층에서 페놀 - 클로로포름 330 μl를 타고 균질 / 해물을 추가 할 수 있습니다. 소용돌이 적극적으로. </li><li> 5 분 동안 10,000 XG에 원심 분리기. 깨끗한 튜브로 수성 (위)의 위상을 전송하고 제거 볼륨을 확인합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 이전 단계에서 제거 및 CO 성상의 1.25 배 부피 100 부피 % 에탄올 총 RNA를 침전95 ° C로 예열 용출 용액에서 RNA를 llect. </li><li> 농축시키고, 상기의 제조 프로토콜에 따라 RNA 정리 키트를 사용하여 RNA를 정제. </li></ol>

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G., Toner, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+flow+and+surface+conditions+on+human+lymphocyte+isolation+using+microfluidic+chambers.">Effect of flow and surface conditions on human lymphocyte isolation using microfluidic chambers.</a> Langmuir. 20, 11649-11655 (2004).</li><li>Cras, J. J., Rowe-Taitt, C. A., Nivens, D. A., Ligler, F. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+chemical+cleaning+methods+of+glass+in+preparation+for+silanization.">Comparison of chemical cleaning methods of glass in preparation for silanization.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 14, 683-688 (1999).</li><li>Thery, C., Zitvogel, L., Amigorena, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exosomes:+composition,+biogenesis+and+function.">Exosomes: composition, biogenesis and function.</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 569-579 (2002).</li><li>Scanu, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulated+T+cells+generate+microparticles,+which+mimic+cellular+contact+activation+of+human+monocytes:+differential+regulation+of+pro-+and+anti-inflammatory+cytokine+production+by+high-density+lipoproteins.">Stimulated T cells generate microparticles, which mimic cellular contact activation of human monocytes: differential regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by high-density lipoproteins.</a> J. Leukocyte Biol. 83, 921-927 (2008).</li><li>Inal, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microvesicles+in+health+and+disease.">Microvesicles in health and disease.</a> Arch. Immunol. Ther. Ex. 60, 107-121 (2012).</li><li>Fridley, G. E., Holstein, C. A., Oza, S. B., Yager, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+evolution+of+nitrocellulose+as+a+material+for+bioassays.">The evolution of nitrocellulose as a material for bioassays.</a> Mrs Bull. 38, 326-330 (2013).</li><li>Gyorgy, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+vesicles,+current+state-of-the-art:+emerging+role+of+extracellular+vesicles.">Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles.</a> Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 2667-2688 (2011).</li><li>Missoum, K., Belgacem, M. N., Bras, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanofibrillated+cellulose+surface+modification:+a+review.">Nanofibrillated cellulose surface modification: a review.</a> Materials. 6, 1745-1766 (2013).</li><li>Kalia, S., Boufi, S., Celli, A., Kango, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanofibrillated+cellulose:+surface+modification+and+potential+applications.">Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications.</a> Colloid Polym. Sci. 292, 5-31 (2014).</li></ol>

저자는 그들이 더 경쟁 금융 이익이 없다는 것을 선언합니다.

세포 외 소포의 하위 그룹의 성공적인 분리를위한 가장 중요한 단계는 다음과 같습니다 용지 1) 좋은 선택; 종이 섬유의 표면 상에 포획 분자의 2)에 따르면 안정적이고 높은; 3) 시료의 적절한 처리; 4) 일반 실험실 위생 기준. 다공성 물질은 많은 저렴하고 장비가없는 분석에 사용되어왔다. 이들은 가변 공경, 다목적 기능, 저가 및 높은 표면 대 부피 비율 유체의 수동적 위킹?...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous particles that range in size from 40 nm to 5,000 nm and are released actively by many cell types via different biogenesis routes1-9. They contain unique and selected subsets of DNA, RNA, proteins, and surface markers from parental cells. Their involvement in a variety of cellular processes, such as intercellular communication10, immunity modulation11, angiogenesis12, metastasis12, chemoresistance13, and the development of eye diseases9, is increasingly recognized and has spurred a great interest in their utility in diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and basic biology applications.
EVs can be classically categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, oncosomes, ectosomes, microparticles, telerosomes, prostatosomes, cardiosomes, and vexosomes, etc., based on their biogenesis or cellular origin. For example, exosomes are formed in multivesicular bodies, whereas microvesicles are generated by budding directly from plasma membrane and apoptotic vesicles are from apoptotic or necrotic cells. However, the nomenclature is still under refined, partly due to a lack of thorough understanding and characterization of EVs. Several methods have been developed to purify EVs, including ultracentrifugation14, ultrafiltration15, magnetic beads16, polymeric precipitation17-19, and microfluidic techniques20-22. The most common procedure to purify EVs involves a series of centrifugations and/or filtration to remove large debris and other cellular contaminants, followed by a final high-speed ultracentrifugation, a process that is expensive, tedious, and nonspecific14,23,24. Unfortunately, technological need for rapid and reliable isolation of EVs with satisfactory purity and efficiency is not yet met. 
We have developed a paper-based immunoaffinity device that provides a simple, time- and cost-saving, yet efficient way to isolate and characterize subgroups of EVs22. Cellulose paper cut into a defined shape can be arranged and laminated using two plastic sheets with registered through-holes. In contrast to the general strategy to define the fluid boundary in paper-based devices by printing hydrophobic wax or polymers25-27, these laminated paper patterns are resistant to many organic liquids, including ethanol. Paper test zones are chemically modified to provide stable and dense coverage of capture molecules (e.g., target-specific antibodies) that have high affinity to specific surface markers on EV subgroups. Biological samples can be pipetted directly onto the paper test zones, and purified EVs are retained after rinse steps. Characterization of isolated EVs can be performed by SEM, ELISA, and transcriptomic analysis.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Chromatography Paper</td><td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td><td>3001-861</td><td>Whatman&amp;reg; Grade 1 cellulose paper</td></tr><tr><td>(3-Mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>175617</td><td>This chemical reacts with water and moisture and should be applied inside a nitrogen-filled glove bag. Avoid eye and skin contact. Do not breathe fumes or inhale vapors.</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP2818</td><td>Absolute, 200 Proof, molecular biology grade</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td><td>BioShop Canada Inc.</td><td>ALB001</td><td>Often referred to as Cohn fraction V.</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;-&amp;#947;-maleimidobutyryloxy succinimide ester (GMBS)</td><td>Pierce Biotechnology</td><td>22309</td><td>GMBS is an amine-to-sulfhydryl crosslinker. GMBS is moisture-sensitive.</td></tr><tr><td>Avidin</td><td>Pierce Biotechnology</td><td>31000</td><td>NeutrAvidin has 4 binding sites for biotin and its pI value is 6.3, which is more neutral than native avidin</td></tr><tr><td>Biotinylated mouse anti-human anti-CD63</td><td>Ancell</td><td>215-030</td><td>clone AHN16.1/46-4-5</td></tr><tr><td>biotinylated annexin V</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>556418</td><td>Annxin V has a high affinity for phosphatidylserine (PS)</td></tr><tr><td>Primary anti-CD9 and secondary antibody</td><td>System Biosciences</td><td>EXOAB-CD9A-1</td><td>The secondary antibody is horseradish peroxidise-conjugated</td></tr><tr><td>Serum separation tubes</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>367991</td><td>Clot activator and gel for serum separation</td></tr><tr><td>Annexin V binding buffer</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>556454</td><td>10x; dilute to 1x prior to use.</td></tr><tr><td>TMB substrate reagent set</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>555214</td><td>The set contains hydrogen peroxide and 3,3&amp;rsquo;,5,5&amp;rsquo;-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">[header]</td></tr><tr><td>RNA isolation kit</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>AM1560</td><td>MirVana RNA isolation kit</td></tr><tr><td>Polyvinylpyrrolidone-based RNA isolation aid</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>AM9690</td><td>Plant RNA isolation aid contains polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) that binds to polysaccharides.</td></tr><tr><td>RNA cleanup kit</td><td>Qiagen Inc.</td><td>74004</td><td>MinElute RNA cleanup kit is designed for purification of up to 45&amp;nbsp;&amp;mu;g RNA.</td></tr><tr><td>Plasma chamber</td><td>March Instruments</td><td>PX-250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scanning electron microscope</td><td>Hitachi Ltd.</td><td>S-4300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Desktop scanner</td><td>Hewlett-Packard Company</td><td>Photosmart B110</td><td>8-bit color images were captured. Cameras and smart phones may be also used.</td></tr><tr><td>Image-record system</td><td>J&amp;amp;H Technology Co</td><td>GeneSys G:BOX Chemi-XX8</td><td>16-bit fluroscence images were captured. Fluroscence microscopes may be also used.</td></tr></tbody></table>

paper-based devices for isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles

세포 외 소포 (전기 자동차), 각종 세포에서 방출 막의 입자는, 임상 적용을위한 할 수있는 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다. 그들은 핵산과 단백질화물을 포함 점점 진핵​​ 생물과 원핵 세포 모두에 의해 사용되는 세포 간 의사 소통의 수단으로 인식하고 있습니다. 그러나, 작은 크기로, 전기 자동차의 분리를위한 현재의 프로토콜은 종종 시간이 소요, 복잡하고, 이러한 초 원심 분리기와 같은 큰 샘플 볼륨과 고가의 장비를 필요로합니다. 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위해, 우리는 쉽게 효율적이고, 10 μL로 낮은 샘플 볼륨을 필요 전기차의 서브 그룹들을 분리하기위한 종이 기반 면역 플랫폼을 개발했다. 생물학적 시료는 화학적으로 특정한 EV 표면 마커에 높은 친 화성을 가지고 포획 분자로 변성 된 종이 테스트 존에 직접 피펫 팅 될 수있다. 우리는 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM)을 사용하여 분석의 유효성을 확인, 종이 기반 효소 결합 immunosorbent 분석 (P-ELISA)과 전 사체 분석. 이 종이 기반의 디바이스는 건강과 질병에 EV 기능에 대한 우리의 이해를 발전하기 위해 병원과 연구 환경에서 전기 자동차의 연구를 가능하게 할 것이다.

전기차의 하위 그룹을 분리하는 종이 장치의 기능을 효율적으로 EV 표면 마커의 민감하고 특이 인식에 의존한다. 포획 분자와 종이 섬유의 안정한 다른 변형 28-30 바와 같이 아비딘 - 비오틴 화학 제를 사용함으로써 달성된다. 물리적 흡착 방법의 화학적 결합의 효과와 그 형광 기반의 판독을 사용하여 평가한다. 종이 시험 영역은 단계 1.3에서 20 ㎍ / ml의 형광 단의 R 피코 에리 트린 - 복합 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Paper-based Devices for Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles at JoVE.com

Paper-based Devices for Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

이 프로토콜은 적게 10 μL의 혈청 샘플에서 세포 외 소체 (전기 자동차), 셀로부터 방출 멤브레인 작은 입자를 분리하는 방법을 자세히 설명. 이 접근법은, 초 원심 분리의 필요성을 회피 분석 시간의 몇 분을 필요로하고, 제한된 양의 시료로부터 전기차의 분리를 가능하게한다.

세포 외 소포의 분리 및 특성에 대한 종이 기반의 장치

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous particles released from various types of cells, hold a great potential for clinical applications. They contain ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

11.4K 조회수.  National Tsing Hua University.  이 프로토콜은 적게 10 μL의 혈청 샘플에서 세포 외 소체 (전기 자동차), 셀로부터 방출 멤브레인 작은 입자를 분리하는 방법을 자세히 설명. 이 접근법은, 초 원심 분리의 필요성을 회피 분석 시간의 몇 분을 필요로하고, 제한된 양의 시료로부터 전기차의 분리를 가능하게한다. 

비디오: Paper-based Devices for Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

Rapid Fluorescence-based Characterization of Single Extracellular Vesicles in Human Blood with Nanoparticle-tracking Analysis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are specialized membranous nano-sized vesicles found in bodily fluids that are constitutively released from many cell types and play a pivotal role in regulating cell-cell communication and a diverse range of biological processes. Many different methods for the characterization of EVs have been described. However, most of these methods have the disadvantage that the preparation and characterization of the samples are very time-consuming, or it is extremely difficult to analyze specific markers of interest due to their small size and due to the lack of discrete populations. While methods for analysis of EVs have been considerably improved over the last decade, there is still no standardized method for characterization of single EVs. Here, we demonstrate a semi-automated method for characterization of single EVs by fluorescence-based nanoparticle-tracking analysis. The protocol that is presented addresses the common problem of many researchers in this field and provides the complete workflow for rapid isolation of EVs and characterization with PKH67, a general cell membrane linker, as well as with specific surface markers such as CD63, CD9, vimentin, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1). The presented results show a high level of reproducibility, as confirmed by other methods, such as Western blotting. In the conducted experiments, we exclusively used EVs isolated from human serum samples, but this method is also suitable for plasma or other body fluids and can be adjusted for characterization of EVs from cell culture supernatants. Irrespective of the future progress of research on EV biology, the protocol that is presented here provides a rapid and reliable method for rapid characterization of single EVs with specific markers.

In this protocol, we describe the complete workflow for rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles from human whole blood and characterization of specific markers by fluorescence-based nanoparticle-tracking analysis. The presented results show a high level of reproducibility and can be adjusted to cell culture supernatants.

나노-추적 분석 인 혈에 있는 단일 Extracellular Vesicles의 빠른 형광 기반 특성

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are specialized membranous nano-sized vesicles found in bodily fluids that are constitutively released ...

연구

생화학

Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes

Microvesicles and exosomes are small membranous vesicles released to the extracellular environment and circulated throughout the body. Because they contain various parental cell-derived biomolecules such as DNA, mRNA, miRNA, proteins, and lipids, their enrichment and isolation are critical steps for their exploitation as potential biomarkers for clinical applications. However, conventional isolation methods (e.g., ultracentrifugation) cause significant loss and damage to microvesicles and exosomes. These methods also require multiple repetitive steps &#160;of ultracentrifugation, loading, and wasting of reagents. This article describes a detailed method to fabricate an origami-paper-based device (Exo-PAD) designed for the effective enrichment and isolation of microvesicles and exosomes in a simple manner. The unique design of the Exo-PAD, consisting of accordion-like multifolded layers with convergent sample areas, is integrated with the ion concentration polarization technique, thereby enabling fivefold enrichment of the microvesicles and exosomes on specific layers. In addition, the enriched microvesicles and exosomes are isolated by simply unfolding the Exo-PAD.

Presented is a protocol to fabricate a paper-based device for the effective enrichment and isolation of microvesicles and exosomes.

마이크로베식및 엑소좀의 종이 기반 전농도 및 격리

Microvesicles and exosomes are small membranous vesicles released to the extracellular environment and circulated throughout the body. Because they ...

Optimization of Flow Cytometric Sorting Parameters for High-Throughput Isolation and Purification of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) can be released from all cell types and carry protein, DNA, and RNA. Signaling molecules serve as indicators of the physiological and pathological state of a cell. However, there is no standard method for sEV isolation, which prevents downstream biomarker identification and drug intervention studies. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for the isolation and purification of 50-200 nm sEV by a flow cell sorter. For this, a 50 &#181;m nozzle and 80 psi sheath fluid pressure were selected to obtain a good sorting rate and stable side stream. Standard sized polystyrene microspheres were used to locate populations of 100, 200, and 300 nm particles. With additional optimization of the voltage, gain, and forward scatter (FSC) triggering threshold, the sEV signal could be separated from the background noise. These optimizations provide a panel of critical sort settings that enables one to obtain a representative population of sEV using FSC vs. side scatter (SSC) only. The flow cytometry-based isolation method not only allows for high-throughput analysis but also allows for synchronous classification or proteome analysis of sEV based on the biomarker expression, opening numerous downstream research applications.

This protocol provides a rapid and size-specific isolation method for small extracellular vesicles by optimizing the size of the air spray nozzle, sheath fluid pressure, sample flow pressure, voltage, gain, and triggering threshold parameters.

small extracellular vesicle의 High-throughput Isolation and Purification (고처리량 분리 및 정제를 위한 유세포 분석 분류 파라미터 최적화)

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) can be released from all cell types and carry protein, DNA, and RNA. Signaling molecules serve as indicators of the ...

인간 소변에서 지속적인 세포외 소포 분리를 위한 미세유체 장치

Single Step Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Large-Volume Samples with a Bifurcated A4F Microfluidic Device

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold immense potential for various biomedical applications, including diagnostics, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, the current methodologies for isolating EVs present significant challenges, such as complexity, time consumption, and the need for bulky equipment, which hinders their clinical translation. To address these limitations, we aimed to develop an innovative microfluidic system based on cyclic olefin copolymer-off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (COC-OSTE) for the efficient isolation of EVs from large-volume samples in a continuous manner. By utilizing size and buoyancy-based separation, the technology used in this study achieved a significantly narrower size distribution compared to existing approaches from urine and cell media samples, enabling the targeting of specific EV size fractions in future applications. Our innovative COC-OSTE microfluidic device design, utilizing bifurcated asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation technology, offers a straightforward and continuous EV isolation approach for large-volume samples. Furthermore, the potential for mass manufacturing of this microfluidic device offers scalability and consistency, making it feasible to integrate EV isolation into routine clinical diagnostics and industrial processes, where high consistency and throughput are essential requirements.

저자 스포트라이트: Bioreactor Integration을 위한 비대칭 전계 흐름 분획

Extracellular vesicles hold immense promise for biomedical applications, but current isolation methods are time-consuming and impractical for clinical use. In this study, we present a microfluidic device that enables the direct isolation of extracellular vesicles from large volumes of biofluids in a continuous manner with minimal steps.

분기된 A4F 미세유체 장치를 사용한 대용량 시료에서 세포외 소포의 단일 단계 분리

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold immense potential for various biomedical applications, including diagnostics, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. ...

생체공학

Size Exclusion Chromatography for Separating Extracellular Vesicles from Conditioned Cell Culture Media

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid-membrane bound structures that are released from all cells, are present in all biofluids, and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are reflective of the parent cell from which they are derived. Proper separation of EVs from other components in a sample allows for characterization of their associated cargo and lends insight into their potential as intercellular communicators and non-invasive biomarkers for numerous diseases. In the current study, oligodendrocyte derived EVs were isolated from cell culture media using a combination of state-of-the-art techniques, including ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to separate EVs from other extracellular proteins and protein complexes. Using commercially available SEC columns, EVs were separated from extracellular proteins released from human oligodendroglioma cells under both control and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. The canonical EV markers CD9, CD63, and CD81 were observed in fractions 1-4, but not in fractions 5-8. GM130, a protein of the Golgi apparatus, and calnexin, an integral protein of the ER, were used as negative EV markers, and were not observed in any fraction. Further, when pooling and concentrating fractions 1-4 as the EV fraction, and fractions 5-8 as the protein fraction, expression of CD63, CD81, and CD9 in the EV fraction was observed. The expression of GM130 or calnexin was not observed in either of the fraction types. The pooled fractions from both control and ER stress conditions were visualized with transmission electron microscopy and vesicles were observed in the EV fractions, but not in the protein fractions. Particles in the EV and protein fractions from both conditions were also quantified with nanoparticle tracking analysis. Together, these data demonstrate that SEC is an effective method for separating EVs from conditioned cell culture media.

The protocol here demonstrates that extracellular vesicles can be adequately separated from conditioned cell culture media using size exclusion chromatography.

조절된 세포 배양 배지에서 세포외 소포를 분리하기 위한 크기 배제 크로마토그래피

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid-membrane bound structures that are released from all cells, are present in all biofluids, and contain ...

신경과학

Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including small endosomal-derived exosomes (Exos, diameter &#60; 100 nm) and large plasma membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs, diameter &#62; 100 nm) is a fundamental cellular process that occurs in all living cells. These vesicles transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids specific for their cell of origin and in vitro studies have highlighted their importance as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs have been successfully isolated from various body fluids and especially EVs in blood have been identified as promising biomarkers for cancer or infectious diseases. In order to allow the study of MV subpopulations in blood, we present a protocol for the standardized isolation and characterization of MVs from peripheral blood samples. MVs are pelleted from EDTA-anticoagulated plasma samples by differential centrifugation and typically possess a diameter of 100 - 600 nm. Due to their larger size, they can easily be studied by flow cytometry, a technique that is routinely used in clinical diagnostics and available in most laboratories. Several examples for quality control assays of the isolated MVs will be given and markers that can be used for the discrimination of different MV subpopulations in blood will be presented.

Extracellular vesicles present in blood have been suggested as novel biomarkers for various diseases. Here, we present a protocol for the isolation of large plasma membrane-derived microvesicles from peripheral blood samples and their subsequent analysis by conventional flow cytometry and Western Blotting.

말초 혈액에서 마이크로 소포의 분리 및 특성

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including small endosomal-derived exosomes (Exos, diameter &#60; 100 nm) and large plasma membrane-derived ...

생물학

Isolation and Characterization of Human Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles using Filtration and Ultracentrifugation

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid enclosed envelopes that carry biologically active material such as proteins, RNA, metabolites and lipids. EVs can modulate the cellular status of other cells locally in tissue microenvironments or through liberation into peripheral blood. Adipocyte-derived EVs are elevated in the peripheral blood and show alterations in their cargo (RNA and protein) during metabolic disturbances, including obesity and diabetes. Adipocyte-derived EVs can regulate the cellular status of neighboring vascular cells, such as endothelial cells and adipose tissue resident macrophages to promote adipose tissue inflammation. Investigating alterations in adipocyte-derived EVs in vivo is complex because EVs derived from peripheral blood are highly heterogenous and contain EVs from other sources, namely platelets, endothelial cells, erythrocytes and muscle. Therefore, the culture of human adipocytes provides a model system for the study of adipocyte derived EVs. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the extraction of total small EVs from cell culture media of human gluteal and abdominal adipocytes using filtration and ultracentrifugation. We further demonstrate the use of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) for quantification of EV size and concentration and show the presence of EV-protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) in the gluteal and abdominal adipocyte derived-EVs. Isolated EVs from this protocol can be used for downstream analysis, including transmission electron microscopy, proteomics, metabolomics, small RNA-sequencing,&#160;microarrays and can be&#160;utilized in functional in vitro/in vivo studies.

We describe the isolation of human adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue using filtration and ultracentrifugation. We characterize the isolated adipocyte-derived EVs by determining their size and concentration by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and by western blotting for the presence of EV-protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101).

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid enclosed envelopes that carry biologically active material such as proteins, RNA, metabolites and lipids. EVs can ...

Single-Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Characterization of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Population Dynamics

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by most cells. EVs carry a multitude of different biological molecules, including protein, lipid, DNA, and RNA, and are postulated to facilitate cell-to-cell communication in diverse tissues and organs. Recently, EVs have attracted significant attention as biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutic agents for various diseases. Many methods have been developed for EV characterization. However, current methods for EV analysis all have different limitations. Thus, developing efficient and effective methods for EV isolation and characterization remains one of the crucial steps for this cutting-edge research field as it matures. Here, we provide a detailed protocol outlining a single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS), as a method that is capable of detecting and characterizing EVs from unpurified biological sources and purified EVs by other methodologies. This advanced technique can be used for multi-level and comprehensive measurements for the analysis of EV size, EV count, EV phenotype, and biomarker colocalization.

This protocol presents single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging that is designed for the multi-level and comprehensive measurements of extracellular vesicles (EV) size, EV count, EV phenotype, and EV biomarker colocalization.

세포 외 소포의 분리 및 특성에 대한 종이 기반의 장치

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

나노-추적 분석 인 혈에 있는 단일 Extracellular Vesicles의 빠른 형광 기반 특성

마이크로베식및 엑소좀의 종이 기반 전농도 및 격리

small extracellular vesicle의 High-throughput Isolation and Purification (고처리량 분리 및 정제를 위한 유세포 분석 분류 파라미터 최적화)

분기된 A4F 미세유체 장치를 사용한 대용량 시료에서 세포외 소포의 단일 단계 분리

분기된 A4F 미세유체 장치를 사용한 대용량 시료에서 세포외 소포의 단일 단계 분리

분기된 A4F 미세유체 장치를 사용한 대용량 시료에서 세포외 소포의 단일 단계 분리

조절된 세포 배양 배지에서 세포외 소포를 분리하기 위한 크기 배제 크로마토그래피

말초 혈액에서 마이크로 소포의 분리 및 특성

Isolation and Characterization of Human Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles using Filtration and Ultracentrifugation

Single-Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Characterization of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Population Dynamics