; 건강의 국립 연구소 : 스폰서 부여 허가 번호 : R37 NS041435.

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저자는 공개 아무것도 없어.

여기에 제시된 프로토콜은 쥐 개 OPC를 분리하고 실험적인 요인에 반응하여 체외 oligodendrogenesis의 정량화를위한 ​​빠르고 신뢰할 수있는 방법을 설명합니다. 긍정적 인 선택을 사용 가능한 순수 개 OPC의 높은 수율은 실험 목적에 직접 사용됩니다. 이 방법은 1 주일 기간에 분리 배양, 분화 단계를 간소화하고, 고정 된 세포는 편리하게 분석 감도의 손실없이 몇 주 동안 4 ℃에서 저장 될 수?...

포유 동물의 중추 신경계 (CNS)의 효율적인 신경 전도는 희소 돌기 아교 세포에 의한 축삭의 수초가 필요합니다. 개발하는 동안, 희소 돌기 아교 세포는 개발 전뇌 신경 관 (1)의 심실 영역에서 마이그레이션 생각되는 희소 돌기 아교 세포의 전구 세포 (개 OPC)의 풀에서 발생한다. 마이그레이션 개 OPC는 성숙 myelinating 희소 돌기 아교 세포로 분화 한 후 효율적인 임펄스 전파를 용이하게 할뿐만 아니라 영양 지원 2 축삭을 제공 할뿐만 아니라. 성인 CNS는 모든 셀 3의 약 5-8%를 포함하는 회색과 흰색 물질 전반에 걸쳐 분산 개 OPC의 풍부한 인구를 유지한다. 탈수 초성 모욕에 따라, 개 OPC는 부상의 사이트로 마이그레이션 증식, 노출 축삭에 분실 또는 손상된 미엘린 수초를 대체하는 차별화. 그러나, 일부 질병 / 부상 설정에서,이 공정은 비효율적 인 것으로 판명되거나 완전히 4 실패 할 수있다. 동안만성 탈수 초화는 증상 (5)을 완화 할 수있다 질환, 효율적인 oligodendrogenesis 및 재유 수화의 부담에 추가 할 생각된다. 따라서 oligodendrogenesis에 실험 인자의 효과를 결정하기 위해 시험 관내 연구 OPC에 관심있다. 희소 돌기 아교 세포 분화의 상이한 단계로 통찰 단계 특정 세포 마커의 식별에 의해 가능하게되었다. 자기 갱신 초기 전구 세포, 혈소판 유래 성장 인자 수용체 (α)의 발현 (PDGFRα)에 의해 정의되는, 신경 / 신경교 항원이 (NG2)과 A2B5 6-8. OPC를 자신의 분화 과정을 개시하고, 세포주기로부터 탈퇴, 그들은 이러한 마커의 발현을 하향 조절 및 고리 뉴클레오티드 3&#39;- 포스 (CNPase) 및 희소 돌기 아교 세포를 포함 O4 premyelinating 나타내는 단백질을 발현하기 시작한다. 마지막으로, 더 성숙한 oligodendroc으로 분화, 킬로바이트는 미엘린 관련 당 단백질 (MAG), 테오 단백질 (PLP), 및 미엘린 염기성 단백질 (MBP)을 포함하여 수초 관련 단백질의 발현을 특징으로한다. MBP는 세포 내 주변 막 단백질과 수초의 주요 구성 요소입니다. MBP 결핍 마우스는 CNS의 수초 크게 떨림, 경련 및 조기 사망 9,10 선도 저하되는 심각한 표현형을 개발한다. 수초에서 MBP의 중요한 역할은 생체 외 및 생체 (11) 모두 희소 돌기 아교 세포 분화 마커로서의 사용하게되었다. MBP 정량은 몇 가지 다른 방법을 사용하여 달성 될 수있다. RT-PCR 및 웨스턴 블롯 분석은 다른 치료 요법에서 MBP 수준의 정량화를 허용합니다. 면역 세포는 현미경 카메라 기반 방식이 사용되는 경우도있을 수있는 양적 질적 일반적인 접근법이다. 이 시스템은 안정적이고 근본적인 있지만희소 돌기 아교 세포 분화 연구는 이들이 각각의 약물 선별에서 이들의 사용을 제한하는 고유 단점을 갖는다. 우선, RT-PCR 및 웨스턴 블롯 분석을 위해 필요한 기본 OPC에 량이 동시에 검사 할 수있는 변수의 수를 감소시킨다. 면역 세포에 대한 세포의 요구 사항이 훨씬 낮은 반면 정량화가 목표 인 경우, 상당한 시간이 각 실험에 전념해야합니다. 다수의 이미지를 캡쳐 한 후 실험적 분석을 용이하게 정량한다. 이러한주의 사항은 높은 처리량 평가를 필요로 연구에 고려해야 할 중요한 장애물이된다. 크게 필요한 세포의 수 및 정량 분석​​을 완료하는 데 시간을 모두 줄이면서 여기에서 우리는, 면역 세포 및 수초의 정량 웨스턴 블롯 방법론 모두에서 근본적인 측면을 활용하는 방법을 설명합니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Dissection Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS without Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Mediatech</td><td>21-040-CV</td><td>1x</td></tr><tr><td>10 cm Polystyrene Petri Dishes</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>0857512</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Light Dissection Microscope</td><td>Motic</td><td>SM2-168</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Dissociation Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tube Rotator</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-090-753</td><td>Dissociation Tube Rotator</td></tr><tr><td>Neural Tissue Dissociation Kit (P)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-092-628</td><td>Enzymatic Dissociation Kit</td></tr><tr><td>PBS with Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Corning</td><td>20-030-CV</td><td>1x</td></tr><tr><td>40 &amp;mu;m Cell Strainer</td><td>Corning</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;A2B5 Column Purification&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-A2B5 Microbeads</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-097-864</td><td>Bead Bound A2B5 Antibody</td></tr><tr><td>LS Columns</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-042-401</td><td>Magnetic Selection Columns</td></tr><tr><td>EDTA</td><td>Corning</td><td>46-034-Cl</td><td>2 mM</td></tr><tr><td>PBS with Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Corning</td><td>20-030-CV</td><td>1x</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A9647</td><td>0.50%</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Culture Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PDGF-AA</td><td>PeproTech Inc</td><td>100-13A</td><td>20 ng/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl sulfoxide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D2650</td><td>Hybri-Max 100 ml</td></tr><tr><td>Triiodothyronine&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T6397</td><td>45 nM</td></tr><tr><td>Clemastine fumarate salt</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>SML0445-100MG</td><td>1 &amp;mu;M</td></tr><tr><td>Quetiapine hemifumarate salt</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>Q3638-10MG</td><td>1 &amp;mu;M</td></tr><tr><td>N-acetyl cysteine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A9165</td><td>5 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Progesterone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P8783</td><td>60 ng/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Poly-L-lysine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P1524</td><td>10 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Putrecine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P7505</td><td>16 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Selenite</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S5261</td><td>40 ng/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrocortisone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H0135</td><td>50 ng/ml</td></tr><tr><td>d-Biotin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>B4639</td><td>10 ng/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Insulin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>I6634</td><td>5 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Apo-Transferrin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T1147</td><td>100 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A4161</td><td>100 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Trace Elements B</td><td>Corning</td><td>25-022-Cl</td><td>1x&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>B-27 Supplement</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>17504044</td><td>1x&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>15140122</td><td>1x&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>11995-065</td><td>1x&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>24-well Black Visiplate with lid</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>1450-605</td><td>Tissue culture grade</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Immunocytochemistry and Quantification&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PFA</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>100-13A</td><td>4%</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>78787</td><td>0.10%</td></tr><tr><td>Normal Goat Serum</td><td>Jackson Immuno Research</td><td>005-000-121</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>mouse monoclonal anti-MBP</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>SMI-99P</td><td>1:1,000 Dilution</td></tr><tr><td>rabbit polyclonal anti-Actin</td><td>Santa Cruz Biotecnology</td><td>SC-7210</td><td>1:200 Dilution</td></tr><tr><td>rabbit polyclonal anti-Olig2</td><td>Millipore</td><td>AB9610</td><td>1:1,000 Dilution</td></tr><tr><td>goat anti-mouse 680RD</td><td>Licor</td><td>926-68070</td><td>1:500 Dilution</td></tr><tr><td>goat anti-rabbit 800CW</td><td>Licor</td><td>926-32211</td><td>1:500 Dilution</td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-mouse</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A11032</td><td>1:1,000 dilution</td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A11008</td><td>1:1,000 dilution</td></tr><tr><td>Prolong Gold antifade with DAPI</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>P36931</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DPBS with Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Corning</td><td>21-030-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Licor Odyssey Clx Infared Imaging System</td><td>Licor</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation of rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cultures and quantification of oligodendrogenesis using dual-infrared fluorescence scanning

Efficient oligodendrogenesis is the therapeutic goal of a number of areas of research including spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxia, and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and transverse myelitis. Myelination is required to not only facilitate rapid impulse propagation within the central nervous system, but also to provide trophic support to underlying axons. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can be studied in vitro to help identify factors that may promote or inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation. To date, many of the methods available to evaluate this process have either required large numbers of cells, thus limiting the number of conditions that can be investigated at any one time, or labor-intensive methods of quantification. Herein, we describe a protocol for the isolation of large numbers of highly pure OPCs together with a fast and reliable method to determine oligodendrogenesis from multiple conditions simultaneously. OPCs are isolated from P5-P7 neonatal rat cortices and grown in vitro for three days prior to differentiation. Four days after differentiation, oligodendrogenesis is evaluated using a dual-infrared fluorescence-scanning assay to determine expression of the myelin protein.

A2B5 양성 자성는 OPC를 컬럼 분리 시스템을 이용하여 양성 세포의 선택을 통해 분리된다. 분리 과정 이전에, 전체 뇌 P5와 P7 사이에 래트 새끼로부터 제거된다. 전뇌 성공적 두개골로부터 분리되면, 후각 전구 및 소뇌 미세 수술 집게 (도 1A)를 사용하여 제거된다. 대뇌 피질 조직을 분리하기 위해 시상 하부, 시상과 중뇌는 조심 해부 (그림 1B)에 의해...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning at JoVE.com

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. This protocol describes a method for the isolation and culture of their precursors, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, from rat cortices, as well as a fast and reliable quantitative method to evaluate oligodendrogenesis in vitro in response to experimental factors.

쥐 희소 돌기 아교 세포 전구 문화의 준비 및 Oligodendrogenesis의 정량화 이중 적외선 형광 스캔을 사용하여

Efficient oligodendrogenesis is the therapeutic goal of a number of areas of research including spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxia, and demyelinating ...

preparation-rat-oligodendrocyte-progenitor-cultures-quantification

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

11.8K 조회수.  Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. This protocol describes a method for the isolation and culture of their precursors, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, from rat cortices, as well as a fast and reliable quantitative method to evaluate oligodendrogenesis in vitro in response to experimental factors.

비디오: Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays

Myelination is a complex process that involves both neurons and the myelin forming glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We use an in vitro myelination assay, an established model for studying CNS myelination in vitro. To do this, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are added to the purified primary rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to form myelinating co-cultures. In order to specifically interrogate the roles that particular proteins expressed by oligodendrocytes exert upon myelination we have developed protocols that selectively transduce OPCs using the lentivirus overexpressing wild type, constitutively active or dominant negative proteins before being seeded onto the DRG neurons. This allows us to specifically interrogate the roles of these oligodendroglial proteins in regulating myelination. The protocols can also be applied in the study of other cell types, thus providing an approach that allows selective manipulation of proteins expressed by a desired cell type, such as oligodendrocytes for the targeted study of signaling and compensation mechanisms. In conclusion, combining the in vitro myelination assay with lentiviral infected OPCs provides a strategic tool for the analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in myelination.

Production and Use of Lentivirus to Selectively Transduce Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for In Vitro Myelination Assays

Here we present protocols that offer a flexible and strategic foundation for virally manipulating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to overexpress proteins of interest in order to specifically interrogate their role in oligodendrocytes via the in vitro model of central nervous system myelination.

생산 및 선택적으로 형질 도입 기본 희소 돌기 아교 세포 전구체 세포에 렌티 바이러스의 사용을위한<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 수초 분석

Myelination is a complex process that involves both neurons and the myelin forming glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and ...

연구

발생학

Derivation of Enriched Oligodendrocyte Cultures and Oligodendrocyte/Neuron Myelinating Co-cultures from Post-natal Murine Tissues

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cellular development is commonly studied with primary cell culture models. Primary cell culture facilitates the evaluation of a given cell type by providing a controlled environment, free of the extraneous variables that are present in vivo. While OL cultures derived from rats have provided a vast amount of insight into OL biology, similar efforts at establishing OL cultures from mice has been met with major obstacles. Developing methods to culture murine primary OLs is imperative in order to take advantage of the available transgenic mouse lines. 
Multiple methods for extraction of OPCs from rodent tissue have been described, ranging from neurosphere derivation, differential adhesion purification and immunopurification 1-3. While many methods offer success, most require extensive culture times and/or costly equipment/reagents. To circumvent this, purifying OPCs from murine tissue with an adaptation of the method originally described by McCarthy &amp; 
de Vellis 2 is preferred. This method involves physically separating OPCs from a mixed glial culture derived from neonatal rodent cortices. The result is a purified OPC population that can be differentiated into an OL-enriched culture. This approach is appealing due to its relatively short culture time and the unnecessary requirement for growth factors or immunopanning antibodies. 
While exploring the mechanisms of OL development in a purified culture is informative, it does not provide the most physiologically relevant environment for assessing myelin sheath formation. Co-culturing OLs with neurons would lend insight into the molecular underpinnings regulating OL-mediated myelination of axons. For many OL/neuron co-culture studies, dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) have proven to be the neuron type of choice. They are ideal for co-culture with OLs due to their ease of extraction, minimal amount of contaminating cells, and formation of dense neurite beds. While studies using rat/mouse myelinating xenocultures have been published 4-6, a method for the derivation of such OL/DRGN myelinating co-cultures from post-natal murine tissue has not been described. Here we present detailed methods on how to effectively produce such cultures, along with examples of expected results. These methods are useful for addressing questions relevant to OL development/myelinating function, and are useful tools in the field of neuroscience.

This article describes methods to derive enriched populations of murine oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in primary culture, which differentiate to produce mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). In addition, this report describes techniques to produce murine myelinating co-cultures by seeding mouse OPCs onto a neurite bed of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs).

포스트 - 나탈 Murine 조직의 공동 문화를 Myelinating 풍부한 Oligodendrocyte 문화와 Oligodendrocyte / 신경 세포의 유도

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications ...

신경과학

Progenitor-derived Oligodendrocyte Culture System from Human Fetal Brain

Differentiation of human neural progenitors into neuronal and glial cell types offers a model to study and compare molecular regulation of neural cell lineage development. In vitro expansion of neural progenitors from fetal CNS tissue has been well characterized. Despite the identification and isolation of glial progenitors from adult human sub-cortical white matter and development of various culture conditions to direct differentiation of fetal neural progenitors into myelin producing oligodendrocytes, acquiring sufficient human oligodendrocytes for in vitro experimentation remains difficult. Differentiation of galactocerebroside+ (GalC) and O4+ oligodendrocyte precursor or progenitor cells (OPC) from neural precursor cells has been reported using second trimester fetal brain. However, these cells do not proliferate in the absence of support cells including astrocytes and neurons, and are lost quickly over time in culture. The need remains for a culture system to produce cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage suitable for in vitro experimentation.
Culture of primary human oligodendrocytes could, for example, be a useful model to study the pathogenesis of neurotropic infectious agents like the human polyomavirus, JCV, that in vivo infects those cells. These cultured cells could also provide models of other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Primary, human fetal brain-derived, multipotential neural progenitor cells proliferate in vitro while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into neurons (progenitor-derived neurons, PDN) and astrocytes (progenitor-derived astrocytes, PDA) This study shows that neural progenitors can be induced to differentiate through many of the stages of oligodendrocytic lineage development (progenitor-derived oligodendrocytes, PDO). We culture neural progenitor cells in DMEM-F12 serum-free media supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), Sonic hedgehog (Shh), neurotrophic factor 3 (NT-3), N-2 and triiodothyronine (T3). The cultured cells are passaged at 2.5e6 cells per 75cm flasks approximately every seven days. Using these conditions, the majority of the cells in culture maintain a morphology characterized by few processes and express markers of pre-oligodendrocyte cells, such as A2B5 and O-4. When we remove the four growth factors (GF) (bFGF, PDGF-AA, Shh, NT-3) and add conditioned media from PDN, the cells start to acquire more processes and express markers specific of oligodendrocyte differentiation, such as GalC and myelin basic protein (MBP). We performed phenotypic characterization using multicolor flow cytometry to identify unique markers of oligodendrocyte.

Primary, human fetal brain-derived, multipotential progenitor cells proliferate in vitro while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. This work shows that neural progenitors can be induced to differentiate through stages of the oligodendrocytic lineage by conditioning with select growth factors.

인간 태아 뇌에서 전구 - 파생 Oligodendrocyte 문화 시스템

Differentiation of human neural progenitors into neuronal and glial cell types offers a model to study and compare molecular regulation of neural cell ...

Rapid and Specific Immunomagnetic Isolation of Mouse Primary Oligodendrocytes

The efficient and robust isolation and culture of primary oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a valuable tool for the in vitro study of the development of oligodendroglia as well as the biology of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (PMLD). Here, we present a simple and efficient selection method for the immunomagnetic isolation of stage three O4+ preoligodendrocytes cells from neonatal mice pups. Since immature OL constitute more than 80% of the rodent-brain white matter at postnatal day 7 (P7) this isolation method not only ensures high cellular yield, but also the specific isolation of OLs already committed to the oligodendroglial lineage, decreasing the possibility of isolating contaminating cells such as astrocytes and other cells from the mouse brain. This method is a modification of the techniques reported previously, and provides oligodendrocyte preparation purity above 80% in about 4 h.

We describe the immunomagnetic isolation of primary mouse oligodendrocytes, which allows the rapid and specific isolation of the cells for in vitro culture.

마우스 기본 Oligodendrocytes의 신속 하 고 구체적인 Immunomagnetic 절연

The efficient and robust isolation and culture of primary oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a valuable tool for the in vitro study of the development of ...

Using Near-infrared Fluorescence and High-resolution Scanning to Measure Protein Expression in the Rodent Brain

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study of neuroscience as cellular function is determined by the composition and activity of cellular proteins. In this article, we describe how immunocytochemistry can be combined with near-infrared high-resolution scanning to provide a semi-quantitative measure of protein expression in distinct brain regions. This technique can be used for single or double protein expression in the same brain region. Measuring proteins in this fashion can be used to obtain a relative change in protein expression with an experimental manipulation, molecular signature of learning and memory, activity in molecular pathways, and neural activity in multiple brain regions. Using the correct proteins and statistical analysis, functional connectivity among brain regions can be determined as well. Given the ease of implementing immunocytochemistry in a laboratory, using immunocytochemistry with near-infrared high-resolution scanning can expand the ability of the neuroscientist to examine neurobiological processes at a systems level.

Here, we present a protocol that uses near-infrared dyes in conjunction with immunohistochemistry and high-resolution scanning to assay proteins in brain regions.

근 적외선 형광 및 고 분해능 주사를 사용 하 여 설치류 뇌의 단백질 발현 측정

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study ...

Generation of Oligodendrocytes and Oligodendrocyte-Conditioned Medium for Co-Culture Experiments

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes are well-known for their role in axon myelination, that accelerates the propagation of action potentials through saltatory conduction. Moreover, an increasing number of reports suggest that oligodendrocytes interact with neurons beyond myelination, notably through the secretion of soluble factors. Here, we present a detailed protocol allowing purification of oligodendroglial lineage cells from glial cell cultures also containing astrocytes and microglial cells. The method relies on overnight shaking at 37 &#176;C, which allows selective detachment of the overlying oligodendroglial cells and microglial cells, and the elimination of microglia by differential adhesion. We then describe the culture of oligodendrocytes and production of oligodendrocyte-conditioned medium (OCM). We also provide the kinetics of OCM treatment or oligodendrocytes addition to purified hippocampal neurons in co-culture experiments, studying oligodendrocyte-neuron interactions.

Herein, we display an efficient method for the purification of oligodendrocytes and production of oligodendrocyte-conditioned medium that can be used for co-culture experiments.

공동 문화 실험을 위한 올리고엔드로시테 및 올리고엔드로시테-컨디셔닝 배지 생성

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes are well-known for their role in axon myelination, that accelerates the propagation of action potentials ...

Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration

Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) cells are localized all the way from the olfactory mucosa to and into the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of the olfactory bulb. Throughout adult life, they are key for axonal growing of newly generated olfactory neurons, from the lamina propria to the ONL. Due to their pro-regenerative properties, these cells have been used to foster axonal regeneration in spinal cord or optic nerve injury models.
We present an in vitro model to assay and measure OEG neuroregenerative capacity after neural injury. In this model, reversibly immortalized human OEG (ihOEG) is cultured as a monolayer, retinas are extracted from adult rats and retinal ganglion neurons (RGN) are cocultured onto the OEG monolayer. After 96 h, axonal and somatodendritic markers in RGNs are analyzed by immunofluorescence and the number of RGNs with axon and the mean axonal length/neuron are quantified.
This protocol has the advantage over other in vitro assays that rely on embryonic or postnatal neurons, that it evaluates OEG neuroregenerative properties in adult tissue. Also, it is not only useful for assessing the neuroregenerative potential of ihOEG but can be extended to different sources of OEG or other glial cells.

We present an in vitro model to assess olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) neuroregenerative capacity, after neural injury. It is based on a coculture of axotomized adult retinal ganglion neurons (RGN) on OEG monolayers and subsequent study of axonal regeneration, by analyzing RGN axonal and somatodendritic markers.

축 축 하 재생의 시험관 내 모델로, 후각 천시 글리아와 축 축 절 망막 신경의 공동 문화

Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) cells are localized all the way from the olfactory mucosa to and into the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of the olfactory ...

신경 줄기 및 희소돌기아교세포 전구 세포 분리를 위한 쥐 "뇌 착유"

The "Brain Milking" Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Rats

Tissue-specific neural stem cells (NSCs) remain active in the mammalian postnatal brain. They reside in specialized niches, where they generate new neurons and glia. One such niche is the subependymal zone (SEZ; also called the ventricular-subventricular zone), which is located across the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles, adjacent to the ependymal cell layer. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are abundantly distributed throughout the central nervous system, constituting a pool of proliferative progenitor cells that can generate oligodendrocytes.
Both NSCs and OPCs exhibit self-renewal potential and quiescence/activation cycles. Due to their location, the isolation and experimental investigation of these cells is performed postmortem. Here, we describe in detail &#34;brain milking&#34;, a method for the isolation of NSCs and OPCs, amongst other cells, from live animals. This is a two-step protocol designed for use in rodents and tested in rats. First, cells are &#34;released&#34; from the tissue via stereotaxic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of a &#34;release cocktail&#34;. The main components are neuraminidase, which targets ependymal cells and induces ventricular wall denudation, an integrin-&#946;1-blocking antibody, and fibroblast growth factor-2. At a second &#34;collection&#34; step, liquid biopsies of cerebrospinal fluid are performed from the cisterna magna, in anesthetized rats without the need of an incision.
Results presented here show that isolated cells retain their endogenous profile and that NSCs of the SEZ preserve their quiescence. The denudation of the ependymal layer is restricted to the anatomical level of injection and the protocol (release and collection) is tolerated well&#160; by the animals. This novel approach paves the way for performing longitudinal studies of endogenous neurogenesis and gliogenesis in experimental animals.

저자 스포트라이트: Collecting Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from Live Animals Using a Novel Brain Milking Protocol (새로운 뇌 착유 프로토콜을 사용하여 살아있는 동물에서 신경 줄기 및 전구 세포 수집) 

A method for the isolation of neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the brains of live rats is presented here in experimental detail. It allows multiple collections of these cells from the same animals without compromising their well-being.

살아있는 쥐에서 신경 줄기 세포와 희소돌기아교세포 전구 세포를 분리하기 위한 "뇌 착유" 방법

Tissue-specific neural stem cells (NSCs) remain active in the mammalian postnatal brain. They reside in specialized niches, where they generate new ...

쥐 희소 돌기 아교 세포 전구 문화의 준비 및 Oligodendrogenesis의 정량화 이중 적외선 형광 스캔을 사용하여

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생산 및 선택적으로 형질 도입 기본 희소 돌기 아교 세포 전구체 세포에 렌티 바이러스의 사용을위한

포스트 - 나탈 Murine 조직의 공동 문화를 Myelinating 풍부한 Oligodendrocyte 문화와 Oligodendrocyte / 신경 세포의 유도

인간 태아 뇌에서 전구 - 파생 Oligodendrocyte 문화 시스템

마우스 기본 Oligodendrocytes의 신속 하 고 구체적인 Immunomagnetic 절연

근 적외선 형광 및 고 분해능 주사를 사용 하 여 설치류 뇌의 단백질 발현 측정

공동 문화 실험을 위한 올리고엔드로시테 및 올리고엔드로시테-컨디셔닝 배지 생성

축 축 하 재생의 시험관 내 모델로, 후각 천시 글리아와 축 축 절 망막 신경의 공동 문화

살아있는 쥐에서 신경 줄기 세포와 희소돌기아교세포 전구 세포를 분리하기 위한 "뇌 착유" 방법

살아있는 쥐에서 신경 줄기 세포와 희소돌기아교세포 전구 세포를 분리하기 위한 "뇌 착유" 방법

살아있는 쥐에서 신경 줄기 세포와 희소돌기아교세포 전구 세포를 분리하기 위한 "뇌 착유" 방법