Name: measuring pressure volume loops in the mouse
Uploaded: 2016-05-02T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 15 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse at JoVE.com

저자는 NHLBI (K08 HL102066 및 R01 HL114832)에서 자금을 인정하고 싶습니다.

<ol>
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The author has nothing to disclose.

이 과정에서 세 가지 중요한 단계가 있습니다 : 1) 기관 내 튜브와 적절한 환기, 경정맥 IV 카테터 2) 배치, 좌심실의 PV 카테터의 3) 적절한 배치의 배치. 적당한 호흡 속도를 결정하는 환기 기능 지원을 제공하는 중요한 부분이다. 의식 마우스는 일반적으로 빠른 얕은 호흡과 폐포 환기를 유지한다. 일반적으로 통풍이 마우스는 훨씬 더 큰 갯벌 볼륨을해야합니다. 따라서 느린 호흡이 필요합니다. 너...

심혈관 질환은 세계 1 걸쳐 사망률과 이환율의 중요한 원인이되고 있습니다. 심장 질환은 새로운 치료법 개발에 특히 어려운 과제를 제시한다. 유전학의 발전으로 심장 질환의 발달 잠재력 유전 참여자의 다수를 식별 할 수있는 가능성을 제공한다. 심장 혈관 시스템의 통합 성격이 유전 적 목표는 그대로 동​​물 모델에서 유효성을 검사해야합니다. 마우스의 유전 적 유연성 및 낮은 비용 하우징은 주어진 유전자의 생리적 역할 평가 선두로 가져왔다. 마우스의 작은 크기는 심장 기능의 평가에 대한 몇 가지 독특한 도전을 선물한다. 가 심장 기능에 관한 정보를 제공 할 수있는 몇몇 양상이 있지만 심실 압력 볼륨의 동시 측정 압력 볼륨 심실 기능 (PV) 루프 분석을 허용한다. PV는 모든 루프아우 심장 기능은 혈관의 연결의 독립 분석하는 단계; 특정 유전 요소의 기능적 역할을 결정하는 중요한 인자. 압력 볼륨 루프의 평가는 수년 동안 모두 실험 및 임상 적으로 사용 된 광범위한 문헌들은 이러한 데이터의 분석은 2,3- 관한 설정이 존재한다. 마우스에 PV 루프 기술의 적응은 쥐 심장 생리 4-6의 이해에 중요한 진전이었다. 카테터 기반 PV 루프 기술 몇 압력 변환기 심실 체적을 추정 컨덕턴스의 용도. 심실 체적은 카테터에 의해 생성 된 전계의 변화를 조사함으로써 결정된다. 실린더와 우심실은 높이가 카테터 및 반경의 전극 사이의 거리에 의해 정의되는 방식이 모델은 혈액을 통해 전기장의 전도로부터 계산심실 7-9. 카테터에 의해 측정 된 전도도 신호는 두 가지 구성 요소가 있습니다. 먼저 혈액을 통해 전도이다; 이것은 심실의 부피 변화 심실 체적을 결정하는 데 사용되는 기본 신호를 구성한다. 두 번째 구성 요소를 통해 상기 심실의 벽을 따라 전도의 결과. 이것은 병렬 컨덕턴스이라고 절대 심실 체적을 결정하기 위해 제거되어야한다. 연구 실험실에서 압력 볼륨 데이터의 수집 및 계산하고 병렬 전도를 제거하는 데 사용되는 방법이 상업적으로 이용 가능한 시스템은 그 6,10,11 사이의 주요 차이가 있습니다. 컨덕턴스 카테터 병렬 컨덕턴스의 계산 고장 성 식염수의 주입을 필요로한다. 벽의 전도도가 일정하게 유지하면서 주사 일시적, 심실의 혈액의 전도율을 변화시킨다. 이 자료로부터,은을 판정 할 수있다혈액에서 유래와 어떤 전도 신호의 구성 요소는 심실 벽에서 온다. 이 방법은 병렬 전도도가 심장주기 동안 변하지 않는 것으로 가정합니다. 어드미턴스 방법은 전체 볼륨 신호 심실 벽의 기여를 평가하는 전계의 위상 변화에 의존한다. 이 방법은 혈액과 최종 부피를 결정하는 심근의 도통 소정 상수 다양한 의존하지만 심장주기 동안 병렬 컨덕턴스의 연속적인 측정을한다. 이들 시스템은 모두 좌심실 용적의 양호한 추정치를 제공하고 그들 사이의 차이는 생리 학적으로 중요 할 가능성이 없다. 심실 다른 가정의 원통 모델 다른 양상만큼 정확하지 이러한 카테터 기반 접근법 렌더링하지만,이 데이터는 심장 기능의로드와 무관 측정 평가를위한 필수적인 비트 - 바이 - 비트 단위로 제공된다. 여기에 설명 된 절차 내 실험에 사용되며 이영양증 심근증 12-18의 기본적인 병태 생리 학적 메카니즘을 검사하는 많은 연구에 대한 데이터를 제공했다. 아래에 설명 된 절차는 PV 루프 데이터를 얻기 위해 사용될 수있는 두 가지 중 하나이다. 원칙의 많은 중 접근 방식에 적용 할 수 있지만,이 프로토콜은 오픈 가슴 혀끝의 접근 방식에 초점을 맞출 것이다; 폐쇄 상자 프로토콜은 다른 19,20 상술되었다. 절차가 구체적으로 설명 될 것이지만, 중요한 지배적 원칙은 심장 또는 폐 중 최소한의 손상으로 심장을 노출한다. 프로토콜 전반 비 생존 절차 있고 심장의 양호한 노광을 갖는 카테터의 적절한 배치를위한 매우 중요한 것을 기억하는 것이 중요하다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Dumont 5/45 (2)</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11251-33</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vessel Dilating Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>18153-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Castroviejo Micro Dissecting Spring Scissor</td><td>Roboz Instruments</td><td>RS-5668</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Octogon Forceps - Serrated/Curved</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11041-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Octogon Forceps - Serrated/Straight</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11040-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissector Scissors- Heavy Blade</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14082-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transpore Surgical Tape</td><td>3M</td><td>1527-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 Silk Suture</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>18020-30</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TOPO Ventilator</td><td>Kent Scientific</td><td>TOPO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Martin ME 102 Electrosurgical Unit</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>PY2 72-2484</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe Pump</td><td>Lucca Technologies</td><td>GenieTouch</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stereomicroscope with boom stand</td><td>Nikon</td><td>SMZ-800N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thermocouple Thermometer</td><td>Cole Parmer</td><td>EW-91100-40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>T/Pump Warm Water Recirculator</td><td>Kent Scientific</td><td>TP-700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ADVantage Pressure-Volume System</td><td>Transonic</td><td>ADV500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Data Acquision and Analysis</td><td>DSI</td><td>Ponemah ACQ-16</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

measuring pressure volume loops in the mouse

원인과 심장 질환의 진행을 이해하는 것은 생물 의학 지역 사회에 상당한 도전을 선물한다. 마우스의 유전 적 유연성은 분자 수준에서 심장 기능을 탐구하는 큰 잠재력을 제공합니다. 마우스의 작은 크기는 상세한 심장 표현형을 수행하기에 관해서 몇 가지 과제를 제시한다. 소형화 기술의 다른 발전은 마우스에서 가능한 심장 평가의 많은 방법을 만들었습니다. 이들 중, 압력, 볼륨 데이터의 동시 수집은 다른 양상을 통해 사용할 수없는 심장 기능의 상세한 그림을 제공합니다. 여기서 압력 볼륨 루프의 데이터 수집을위한 상세한 과정을 설명한다. 측정 오류의 잠재적 인 소스를 기본 원리에 대한 설명이 포함되어있다. 그들이 얻는 고품질의 혈역학 적 측정에 중요한 둘 다 같이 마취 관리와 수술 방법이 아주 자세하게 설명되어 있습니다에스. 혈역학 프로토콜 개발 및 데이터 분석의 중요한 양태의 원리도 해결된다.

관례 적으로, 볼륨도 1과 Y 축의 X 축 및 압력에 도시된다. 구형 유사해야 부피 대 플로팅 압력으로 인한 압력 볼륨 루프, 즉 압력 isovolumic 변경 (나타내는 수직 에지, 승모판 및 대동맥 밸브 모두)가 폐쇄 될 때. 승모판과 상부 수평 부분을 통해 충전하는 대동맥 밸브를 통해 비우는 심실을 나타냅니다 심실 바닥의 수평 나타냅니다. 90의 건강한 야?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse

이 원고는 마우스에서 압력 볼륨 데이터의 수집에 대한 상세한 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

마우스에 압력 볼륨 루프 측정

Understanding the causes and progression of heart disease presents a significant challenge to the biomedical community. The genetic flexibility of the ...

measuring-pressure-volume-loops-in-the-mouse

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

16.3K 조회수.  University of Minnesota.  이 원고는 마우스에서 압력 볼륨 데이터의 수집에 대한 상세한 프로토콜을 설명합니다. 

비디오: Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse

Measuring Left Ventricular Pressure in Late Embryonic and Neonatal Mice

Blood pressure increases significantly during embryonic and postnatal development in vertebrate animals. In the mouse, blood flow is first detectable around embryonic day (E) 8.51. Systolic left ventricular (LV) pressure is 2 mmHg at E9.5 and 11 mmHg at E14.52. At these mid-embryonic stages, the LV is clearly visible through the chest wall for invasive pressure measurements because the ribs and skin are not fully developed. Between E14.5 and birth (approximately E21) imaging methods must be used to view the LV. After birth, mean arterial pressure increases from 30 - 70 mmHg from postnatal day (P) 2 - 353. Beyond P20, arterial pressure can be measured with solid-state catheters (i.e. Millar or Scisense). Before P20, these catheters are too big for developing mouse arteries and arterial pressure must be measured with custom pulled plastic catheters attached to fluid-filled pressure transducers3 or glass micropipettes attached to servo null pressure transducers4.
Our recent work has shown that the greatest increase in blood pressure occurs during the late embryonic to early postnatal period in mice5-7. This large increase in blood pressure may influence smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in developing arteries and trigger important mechanotransduction events. In human disease, where the mechanical properties of developing arteries are compromised by defects in extracellular matrix proteins (i.e. Marfan's Syndrome8 and Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis9) the rapid changes in blood pressure during this period may contribute to disease phenotype and severity through alterations in mechanotransduction signals. Therefore, it is important to be able to measure blood pressure changes during late embryonic and neonatal periods in mouse models of human disease.
We describe a method for measuring LV pressure in late embryonic (E18) and early postnatal (P1 - 20) mice. A needle attached to a fluid-filled pressure transducer is inserted into the LV under ultrasound guidance. Care is taken to maintain normal cardiac function during the experimental protocol, especially for the embryonic mice. Representative data are presented and limitations of the protocol are discussed.

Measuring left ventricular pressure (LV) in embryonic and neonatal mice is described. Pressure is measured by inserting a needle connected to a fluid-filled transducer into the LV under ultrasound guidance. Care must be taken to maintain normal cardiac function during the experimental protocol.

늦은 배아 및 신생아 쥐의 측정 왼쪽 심실 압력

Blood pressure increases significantly during embryonic and postnatal development in vertebrate animals. In the mouse, blood flow is first detectable ...

연구

생체공학

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice

The function of the right heart is to pump blood through the lungs, thus linking right heart physiology and pulmonary vascular physiology. Inflammation is a common modifier of heart and lung function, by elaborating cellular infiltration, production of cytokines and growth factors, and by initiating remodeling processes 1.
Compared to the left ventricle, the right ventricle is a low-pressure pump that operates in a relatively narrow zone of pressure changes. Increased pulmonary artery pressures are associated with increased pressure in the lung vascular bed and pulmonary hypertension 2. Pulmonary hypertension is often associated with inflammatory lung diseases, for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or autoimmune diseases 3. Because pulmonary hypertension confers a bad prognosis for quality of life and life expectancy, much research is directed towards understanding the mechanisms that might be targets for pharmaceutical intervention 4. The main challenge for the development of effective management tools for pulmonary hypertension remains the complexity of the simultaneous understanding of molecular and cellular changes in the right heart, the lungs and the immune system.
Here, we present a procedural workflow for the rapid and precise measurement of pressure changes in the right heart of mice and the simultaneous harvest of samples from heart, lungs and immune tissues. The method is based on the direct catheterization of the right ventricle via the jugular vein in close-chested mice, first developed in the late 1990s as surrogate measure of pressures in the pulmonary artery5-13. The organized team-approach facilitates a very rapid right heart catheterization technique. This makes it possible to perform the measurements in mice that spontaneously breathe room air. The organization of the work-flow in distinct work-areas reduces time delay and opens the possibility to simultaneously perform physiology experiments and harvest immune, heart and lung tissues.
The procedural workflow outlined here can be adapted for a wide variety of laboratory settings and study designs, from small, targeted experiments, to large drug screening assays. The simultaneous acquisition of cardiac physiology data that can be expanded to include echocardiography5,14-17 and harvest of heart, lung and immune tissues reduces the number of animals needed to obtain data that move the scientific knowledge basis forward. The procedural workflow presented here also provides an ideal basis for gaining knowledge of the networks that link immune, lung and heart function. The same principles outlined here can be adapted to study other or additional organs as needed.

A specific and rapid protocol to simultaneously investigate right heart function, lung inflammation, and the immune response is described as a learning tool. Video and figures describe physiology and microdissection techniques in an organized team-approach that is adaptable to be used for small to large sized studies.

폐 마우스의 면역 조직 샘플의 수확과 함께 오른쪽 심실 수축기 압력 측정

The function of the right heart is to pump blood through the lungs, thus linking right heart physiology and pulmonary vascular physiology. Inflammation is ...

면역학 및 감염병학

Measuring Blood Pressure in Mice using Volume Pressure Recording, a Tail-cuff Method

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. The CODA tail-cuff system uses Volume Pressure Recording (VPR) to measure the blood pressure by determining the tail blood volume. A specially designed differential pressure transducer and an occlusion tail-cuff measure the total blood volume in the tail without the need to obtain the individual pulse signal. Special attention is afforded to the length of the occlusion cuff in order to derive the most accurate blood pressure readings. VPR can easily obtain readings on dark-skinned rodents, such as C57BL6 mice and is MRI compatible. The CODA system provides you with measurements of six (6) different blood pressure parameters; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean blood pressure, tail blood flow, and tail blood volume. Measurements can be made on either awake or anesthetized mice or rats. The CODA system includes a controller, laptop computer, software, cuffs, animal holders, infrared warming pads, and an infrared thermometer. There are seven different holder sizes for mice as small as 8 grams to rats as large as 900 grams.

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. This tail-cuff system uses Volume Pressure Recording (VPR) to measure the blood pressure by determining the tail blood volume.

볼륨 압력 녹음, 꼬리 즉석 방법을 사용하여 마우스의 측정 혈압

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. The CODA ...

생물학

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

The intestine is a complex structure that is involved not only in absorption of nutrients, but also acts as a barrier between the individual and the outside world. As such, the intestine plays a pivotal role in immunosurveillance and protection from enteric pathogens. Investigating intestinal physiology and immunology commonly employs 'intestinal loops' as an experimental model. The majority of these loop models are non-recovery surgical procedures that study short-term (&lt;24 hr) changes in the intestine (1-3). We previously created a recovery intestinal loop model to specifically measure long-term (&lt;6 mo) immunological changes in the intestine of sheep following exposure to vaccines, adjuvants, and viruses (4). This procedure localized treatments to a specific 'loop', allowing us to sample this area of the intestine. A significant drawback of this method is the single window of opportunity to administer treatments (i.e. at the time of surgery). Furthermore, samples of both the intestinal mucosa and luminal contents can only be taken at the termination of the project. Other salient limitations of the above model are that the surgical manipulation and requisite post-operative measures (e.g. administration of antibiotics and analgesics) can directly affect the treatment itself and/or alter immune function, thereby confounding results. Therefore, we modified our intestinal loop model by inserting long-term catheters into the loops. Sheep recover fully from the procedure, and are unaffected by the exteriorized catheters. Notably, the establishment of catheters in loops allows us to introduce multiple treatments over an extended interval, following recovery from surgery and clearance of drugs administered during surgery and the post-operative period.

We describe a novel surgical method for catheterizing 'intestinal loops' within the ileum of sheep. Once animals have recovered from surgery and have cleared antibiotics and analgesics, multiple treatments can be deposited directly in loops via the catheters.

Ruminants에 창자 루프 Catheterization

The intestine is a complex structure that is involved not only in absorption of nutrients, but also acts as a barrier between the individual and the ...

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential phenotypic changes are best assessed by measurement of the changes in lung elasticity. To best understand specific mechanisms underlying such pathologies in mice, it is essential to make functional measurements that can reflect the developing pathology. Although there are many ways to measure elasticity, the classical method is that of the total lung pressure-volume (PV) curve done over the whole range of lung volumes. This measurement has been made on adult lungs from nearly all mammalian species dating back almost 100 years, and such PV curves also played a major role in the discovery and understanding of the function of pulmonary surfactant in fetal lung development. Unfortunately, such total PV curves have not been widely reported in the mouse, despite the fact that they can provide useful information on the macroscopic effects of structural changes in the lung. Although partial PV curves measuring just the changes in lung volume are sometimes reported, without a measure of absolute volume, the nonlinear nature of the total PV curve makes these partial ones very difficult to interpret. In the present study, we describe a standardized way to measure the total PV curve. We have then tested the ability of these curves to detect changes in mouse lung structure in two common lung pathologies, emphysema and fibrosis. Results showed significant changes in several variables consistent with expected structural changes with these pathologies. This measurement of the lung PV curve in mice thus provides a straightforward means to monitor the progression of the pathophysiologic changes over time and the potential effect of therapeutic procedures.

Here we present a protocol to simply and reliably measure the lung pressure-volume curve in mice, showing that it is sufficiently sensitive to detect phenotypic parenchymal changes in two common lung pathologies, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. This metric provides a means to quantify the lung&#8217;s structural changes with developing pathology.

마우스 폐의 압력 볼륨 곡선의 측정

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential ...

의학

Cardiac Catheterization in Mice to Measure the Pressure Volume Relationship: Investigating the Bowditch Effect

Animal models that mimic human cardiac disorders have been created to test potential therapeutic strategies. A key component to evaluating these strategies is to examine their effects on heart function. There are several techniques to measure in vivo cardiac mechanics (e.g., echocardiography, pressure/volume relations, etc.). Compared to echocardiography, real-time left ventricular (LV) pressure/volume analysis via catheterization is more precise and insightful in assessing LV function. Additionally, LV pressure/volume analysis provides the ability to instantaneously record changes during manipulations of contractility (e.g., &#946;-adrenergic stimulation) and pathological insults (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion injury). In addition to the maximum (+dP/dt) and minimum (-dP/dt) rate of pressure change in the LV, an accurate assessment of LV function via several load-independent indexes (e.g., end systolic pressure volume relationship and preload recruitable stroke work) can be attained. Heart rate has a significant effect on LV contractility such that an increase in the heart rate is the primary mechanism to increase cardiac output (i.e., Bowditch effect). Thus, when comparing hemodynamics between experimental groups, it is necessary to have similar heart rates. Furthermore, a hallmark of many cardiomyopathy models is a decrease in contractile reserve (i.e., decreased Bowditch effect). Consequently, vital information can be obtained by determining the effects of increasing heart rate on contractility. Our and others data has demonstrated that the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) knockout mouse has decreased contractility. Here we describe the procedure of measuring LV pressure/volume with increasing heart rates using the NOS1 knockout mouse model.

This article describes the measurement of murine left ventricular function via pressure/volume analysis at different heart rates.

Bowditch 효과 조사 : 압력 볼륨 관계를 측정하기 위해 마우스의 심장 도관

Animal models that mimic human cardiac disorders have been created to test potential therapeutic strategies. A key component to evaluating these ...

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice

Assessment of cardiac function is essential to conduct cardiovascular and pulmonary-vascular preclinical research. Pressure-volume loops (PV loops) generated by recording both pressure and volume during cardiac catheterization are vital when assessing both systolic and diastolic cardiac function. Left and right heart function are closely related, reflected in ventricular interdependence. Thus, recording biventricular function in the same animal is important to get a complete assessment of cardiac function. In this protocol, a closed chest approach to cardiac catheterization consistent with the way catheterization is performed in patients is adopted in mice. While challenging, the closed chest strategy is a more physiological approach, because opening the chest results in major changes in preload and afterload that create artifacts, most notably a fall in systemic blood pressure. While high-resolution echocardiography is used to assess rodents, cardiac catheterization is invaluable, particularly when assessing diastolic pressures in both ventricles.
Described here is a procedure to perform invasive, closed chest, sequential left and right ventricular pressure-volume (PV) loops in the same animal. PV loops are acquired using&#160;admittance technology with a mouse pressure-volume catheter and pressure-volume system acquisition. The procedure is described, beginning with the neck dissection, which is required to access the right jugular vein and the right carotid artery, to the insertion and positioning of the catheter, and finally the data acquisition. Then, the criteria required to ensure the acquisition of high-quality PV loops are discussed. Finally, the analysis of the left and right ventricular PV loops and the different hemodynamic parameters available to quantify systolic and diastolic ventricular function are briefly described.

Presented here is a protocol to assess biventricular heart function in mice by generating pressure-volume (PV) loops from the right and left ventricle in the same animal using closed chest catheterization. The focus is on the technical aspect of surgery and data acquisition.

생쥐의 폐쇄 흉부 카테터 삽입에 의한 심장 기능 및 압력-부피 루프의 양심실 평가

Assessment of cardiac function is essential to conduct cardiovascular and pulmonary-vascular preclinical research. Pressure-volume loops (PV loops) ...

Cardiac Response to &#946;-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis

Determination of the cardiac function is a robust endpoint analysis in animal models of cardiovascular diseases in order to characterize effects of specific treatments on the heart. Due to the feasibility of genetic manipulations the mouse has become the most common mammalian animal model to study cardiac function and to search for new potential therapeutic targets. Here we describe a protocol to determine cardiac function&#160;in vivo using pressure-volume loop measurements and analysis during basal conditions and under &#946;-adrenergic stimulation by intravenous infusion of increasing concentrations of isoproterenol. We provide a refined protocol including ventilation support taking into account the positive end-expiratory pressure to ameliorate negative effects during open-chest measurements, and potent analgesia (Buprenorphine) to avoid uncontrollable myocardial stress evoked by pain during the procedure. All together the detailed description of the procedure and discussion about possible pitfalls enables highly standardized and reproducible pressure-volume loop analysis, reducing the exclusion of animals from the experimental cohort by preventing possible methodological bias.

Here we describe a cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis under increasing doses of intravenously infused isoproterenol to determine the intrinsic cardiac function and the &#946;-adrenergic reserve in mice. We use a modified open-chest approach for the pressure-volume loop measurements, in which we include ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure.

압력 볼륨 루프 분석에 의해 결정된 β 부전 자극에 대한 심장 반응

Determination of the cardiac function is a robust endpoint analysis in animal models of cardiovascular diseases in order to characterize effects of ...

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis is the &#8220;gold-standard&#8221; in the assessment of load-dependent and load-independent measures of ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Measures of ventricular contractility and compliance are obtained through examination of cardiac response to changes in afterload and preload. These techniques were originally developed nearly three decades ago to measure cardiac function in large mammals and humans. The application of these analyses to small mammals, such as mice, has been accomplished through the optimization of microsurgical techniques and creation of conductance catheters. Conductance catheters allow for estimation of the blood pool by exploiting the relationship between electrical conductance and volume. When properly performed, these techniques allow for testing of cardiac function in genetic mutant mouse models or in drug treatment studies. The accuracy and precision of these studies are dependent on careful attention to the calibration of instruments, systematic conduct of hemodynamic measurements and data analyses. We will review the methods of conducting pressure-volume loop experiments using a conductance catheter in mice.

Cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis is the most comprehensive way to measure cardiac function in the intact heart. We describe a technique to perform and analyze cardiac pressure volume loops, using conductance catheters.

마우스에서 컨덕턴스 카테터를 사용하여 심장 압력 볼륨 루프 분석

Cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis is the &#8220;gold-standard&#8221; in the assessment of load-dependent and load-independent measures of ventricular ...

Atrial-pacing 프로토콜을 사용한 HR-Dependent Cardiac Performance 탐색

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a condition characterized by diastolic dysfunction and exercise intolerance. While exercise-stressed hemodynamic tests or MRI can be used to detect diastolic dysfunction and diagnose HFpEF in humans, such modalities are limited in basic research using mouse models. A treadmill exercise test is commonly used for this purpose in mice, but its results can be influenced by body weight, skeletal muscle strength, and mental state. Here, we describe an atrial-pacing protocol to detect heart rate (HR)-dependent changes in diastolic performance and validate its usefulness in a mouse model of HFpEF. The method involves anesthetizing, intubating, and performing pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis concomitant with atrial pacing. In this work, a conductance catheter was inserted via a left ventricular apical approach, and an atrial pacing catheter was placed in the esophagus. Baseline PV loops were collected before the HR was slowed with ivabradine. PV loops were collected and analyzed at HR increments ranging from 400 bpm to 700 bpm via atrial pacing. Using this protocol, we clearly demonstrated HR-dependent diastolic impairment in a metabolically induced HFpEF model. Both the relaxation time constant (Tau) and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) worsened as the HR increased compared to control mice. In conclusion, this atrial pacing-controlled protocol is useful for detecting HR-dependent cardiac dysfunctions. It provides a new way to study the underlying mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF mouse models and may help develop new treatments for this condition.

저자 스포트라이트: 새로운 심방 페이싱 접근법을 통해 마우스 모델에서 HR 의존적 심장 기능 조사 

The present protocol describes obtaining the pressure-volume relationship through transesophageal pacing, which serves as a valuable tool in evaluating diastolic function&#160;in mouse models of heart failure.