저자는 NHLBI (K08 HL102066 및 R01 HL114832)에서 자금을 인정하고 싶습니다.

<ol>
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The author has nothing to disclose.

이 과정에서 세 가지 중요한 단계가 있습니다 : 1) 기관 내 튜브와 적절한 환기, 경정맥 IV 카테터 2) 배치, 좌심실의 PV 카테터의 3) 적절한 배치의 배치. 적당한 호흡 속도를 결정하는 환기 기능 지원을 제공하는 중요한 부분이다. 의식 마우스는 일반적으로 빠른 얕은 호흡과 폐포 환기를 유지한다. 일반적으로 통풍이 마우스는 훨씬 더 큰 갯벌 볼륨을해야합니다. 따라서 느린 호흡이 필요합니다. 너...

심혈관 질환은 세계 1 걸쳐 사망률과 이환율의 중요한 원인이되고 있습니다. 심장 질환은 새로운 치료법 개발에 특히 어려운 과제를 제시한다. 유전학의 발전으로 심장 질환의 발달 잠재력 유전 참여자의 다수를 식별 할 수있는 가능성을 제공한다. 심장 혈관 시스템의 통합 성격이 유전 적 목표는 그대로 동​​물 모델에서 유효성을 검사해야합니다. 마우스의 유전 적 유연성 및 낮은 비용 하우징은 주어진 유전자의 생리적 역할 평가 선두로 가져왔다. 마우스의 작은 크기는 심장 기능의 평가에 대한 몇 가지 독특한 도전을 선물한다. 가 심장 기능에 관한 정보를 제공 할 수있는 몇몇 양상이 있지만 심실 압력 볼륨의 동시 측정 압력 볼륨 심실 기능 (PV) 루프 분석을 허용한다. PV는 모든 루프아우 심장 기능은 혈관의 연결의 독립 분석하는 단계; 특정 유전 요소의 기능적 역할을 결정하는 중요한 인자. 압력 볼륨 루프의 평가는 수년 동안 모두 실험 및 임상 적으로 사용 된 광범위한 문헌들은 이러한 데이터의 분석은 2,3- 관한 설정이 존재한다. 마우스에 PV 루프 기술의 적응은 쥐 심장 생리 4-6의 이해에 중요한 진전이었다. 카테터 기반 PV 루프 기술 몇 압력 변환기 심실 체적을 추정 컨덕턴스의 용도. 심실 체적은 카테터에 의해 생성 된 전계의 변화를 조사함으로써 결정된다. 실린더와 우심실은 높이가 카테터 및 반경의 전극 사이의 거리에 의해 정의되는 방식이 모델은 혈액을 통해 전기장의 전도로부터 계산심실 7-9. 카테터에 의해 측정 된 전도도 신호는 두 가지 구성 요소가 있습니다. 먼저 혈액을 통해 전도이다; 이것은 심실의 부피 변화 심실 체적을 결정하는 데 사용되는 기본 신호를 구성한다. 두 번째 구성 요소를 통해 상기 심실의 벽을 따라 전도의 결과. 이것은 병렬 컨덕턴스이라고 절대 심실 체적을 결정하기 위해 제거되어야한다. 연구 실험실에서 압력 볼륨 데이터의 수집 및 계산하고 병렬 전도를 제거하는 데 사용되는 방법이 상업적으로 이용 가능한 시스템은 그 6,10,11 사이의 주요 차이가 있습니다. 컨덕턴스 카테터 병렬 컨덕턴스의 계산 고장 성 식염수의 주입을 필요로한다. 벽의 전도도가 일정하게 유지하면서 주사 일시적, 심실의 혈액의 전도율을 변화시킨다. 이 자료로부터,은을 판정 할 수있다혈액에서 유래와 어떤 전도 신호의 구성 요소는 심실 벽에서 온다. 이 방법은 병렬 전도도가 심장주기 동안 변하지 않는 것으로 가정합니다. 어드미턴스 방법은 전체 볼륨 신호 심실 벽의 기여를 평가하는 전계의 위상 변화에 의존한다. 이 방법은 혈액과 최종 부피를 결정하는 심근의 도통 소정 상수 다양한 의존하지만 심장주기 동안 병렬 컨덕턴스의 연속적인 측정을한다. 이들 시스템은 모두 좌심실 용적의 양호한 추정치를 제공하고 그들 사이의 차이는 생리 학적으로 중요 할 가능성이 없다. 심실 다른 가정의 원통 모델 다른 양상만큼 정확하지 이러한 카테터 기반 접근법 렌더링하지만,이 데이터는 심장 기능의로드와 무관 측정 평가를위한 필수적인 비트 - 바이 - 비트 단위로 제공된다. 여기에 설명 된 절차 내 실험에 사용되며 이영양증 심근증 12-18의 기본적인 병태 생리 학적 메카니즘을 검사하는 많은 연구에 대한 데이터를 제공했다. 아래에 설명 된 절차는 PV 루프 데이터를 얻기 위해 사용될 수있는 두 가지 중 하나이다. 원칙의 많은 중 접근 방식에 적용 할 수 있지만,이 프로토콜은 오픈 가슴 혀끝의 접근 방식에 초점을 맞출 것이다; 폐쇄 상자 프로토콜은 다른 19,20 상술되었다. 절차가 구체적으로 설명 될 것이지만, 중요한 지배적 원칙은 심장 또는 폐 중 최소한의 손상으로 심장을 노출한다. 프로토콜 전반 비 생존 절차 있고 심장의 양호한 노광을 갖는 카테터의 적절한 배치를위한 매우 중요한 것을 기억하는 것이 중요하다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="523">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dumont 5/45 (2)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11251-33</td>
			<td style="width:63px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Vessel Dilating Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18153-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Castroviejo Micro Dissecting Spring Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Roboz Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RS-5668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Octogon Forceps - Serrated/Curved</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11041-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Octogon Forceps - Serrated/Straight</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11040-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dissector Scissors- Heavy Blade</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14082-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Transpore Surgical Tape</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1527-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">3-0 Silk Suture</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18020-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TOPO Ventilator</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TOPO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Martin ME 102 Electrosurgical Unit</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PY2 72-2484</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Syringe Pump</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Lucca Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GenieTouch</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Stereomicroscope with boom stand</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SMZ-800N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Thermocouple Thermometer</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EW-91100-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">T/Pump Warm Water Recirculator</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">ADVantage Pressure-Volume System</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Transonic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ADV500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Data Acquision and Analysis</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">DSI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ponemah ACQ-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measuring pressure volume loops in the mouse

원인과 심장 질환의 진행을 이해하는 것은 생물 의학 지역 사회에 상당한 도전을 선물한다. 마우스의 유전 적 유연성은 분자 수준에서 심장 기능을 탐구하는 큰 잠재력을 제공합니다. 마우스의 작은 크기는 상세한 심장 표현형을 수행하기에 관해서 몇 가지 과제를 제시한다. 소형화 기술의 다른 발전은 마우스에서 가능한 심장 평가의 많은 방법을 만들었습니다. 이들 중, 압력, 볼륨 데이터의 동시 수집은 다른 양상을 통해 사용할 수없는 심장 기능의 상세한 그림을 제공합니다. 여기서 압력 볼륨 루프의 데이터 수집을위한 상세한 과정을 설명한다. 측정 오류의 잠재적 인 소스를 기본 원리에 대한 설명이 포함되어있다. 그들이 얻는 고품질의 혈역학 적 측정에 중요한 둘 다 같이 마취 관리와 수술 방법이 아주 자세하게 설명되어 있습니다에스. 혈역학 프로토콜 개발 및 데이터 분석의 중요한 양태의 원리도 해결된다.

관례 적으로, 볼륨도 1과 Y 축의 X 축 및 압력에 도시된다. 구형 유사해야 부피 대 플로팅 압력으로 인한 압력 볼륨 루프, 즉 압력 isovolumic 변경 (나타내는 수직 에지, 승모판 및 대동맥 밸브 모두)가 폐쇄 될 때. 승모판과 상부 수평 부분을 통해 충전하는 대동맥 밸브를 통해 비우는 심실을 나타냅니다 심실 바닥의 수평 나타냅니다. 90의 건강한 야?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse

이 원고는 마우스에서 압력 볼륨 데이터의 수집에 대한 상세한 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

마우스에 압력 볼륨 루프 측정

Understanding the causes and progression of heart disease presents a significant challenge to the biomedical community. The genetic flexibility of the ...

measuring-pressure-volume-loops-in-the-mouse

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

16.2K 조회수.  University of Minnesota.  이 원고는 마우스에서 압력 볼륨 데이터의 수집에 대한 상세한 프로토콜을 설명합니다. 

비디오: Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse

Measuring Blood Pressure in Mice using Volume Pressure Recording, a Tail-cuff Method

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. The CODA tail-cuff system uses Volume Pressure Recording (VPR) to measure the blood pressure by determining the tail blood volume. A specially designed differential pressure transducer and an occlusion tail-cuff measure the total blood volume in the tail without the need to obtain the individual pulse signal. Special attention is afforded to the length of the occlusion cuff in order to derive the most accurate blood pressure readings. VPR can easily obtain readings on dark-skinned rodents, such as C57BL6 mice and is MRI compatible. The CODA system provides you with measurements of six (6) different blood pressure parameters; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean blood pressure, tail blood flow, and tail blood volume. Measurements can be made on either awake or anesthetized mice or rats. The CODA system includes a controller, laptop computer, software, cuffs, animal holders, infrared warming pads, and an infrared thermometer. There are seven different holder sizes for mice as small as 8 grams to rats as large as 900 grams.

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. This tail-cuff system uses Volume Pressure Recording (VPR) to measure the blood pressure by determining the tail blood volume.

볼륨 압력 녹음, 꼬리 즉석 방법을 사용하여 마우스의 측정 혈압

The CODA 8-Channel High Throughput Non-Invasive Blood Pressure system measures the blood pressure in up to 8 mice or rats simultaneously. The CODA ...

연구

생물학

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

The intestine is a complex structure that is involved not only in absorption of nutrients, but also acts as a barrier between the individual and the outside world. As such, the intestine plays a pivotal role in immunosurveillance and protection from enteric pathogens. Investigating intestinal physiology and immunology commonly employs 'intestinal loops' as an experimental model. The majority of these loop models are non-recovery surgical procedures that study short-term (&lt;24 hr) changes in the intestine (1-3). We previously created a recovery intestinal loop model to specifically measure long-term (&lt;6 mo) immunological changes in the intestine of sheep following exposure to vaccines, adjuvants, and viruses (4). This procedure localized treatments to a specific 'loop', allowing us to sample this area of the intestine. A significant drawback of this method is the single window of opportunity to administer treatments (i.e. at the time of surgery). Furthermore, samples of both the intestinal mucosa and luminal contents can only be taken at the termination of the project. Other salient limitations of the above model are that the surgical manipulation and requisite post-operative measures (e.g. administration of antibiotics and analgesics) can directly affect the treatment itself and/or alter immune function, thereby confounding results. Therefore, we modified our intestinal loop model by inserting long-term catheters into the loops. Sheep recover fully from the procedure, and are unaffected by the exteriorized catheters. Notably, the establishment of catheters in loops allows us to introduce multiple treatments over an extended interval, following recovery from surgery and clearance of drugs administered during surgery and the post-operative period.

We describe a novel surgical method for catheterizing 'intestinal loops' within the ileum of sheep. Once animals have recovered from surgery and have cleared antibiotics and analgesics, multiple treatments can be deposited directly in loops via the catheters.

Ruminants에 창자 루프 Catheterization

The intestine is a complex structure that is involved not only in absorption of nutrients, but also acts as a barrier between the individual and the ...

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models. This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer, treatment of cancer via oral delivery of drugs, and monitoring of tumor cell behavior in response to drug treatment in real time using in vivo imaging system. In this orthotopic model, ovarian tumor cells expressing luciferase are applied topically by injecting them directly into the mouse bursa where each ovary is enclosed. Upon injection of D-luciferin, a substrate of firefly luciferase, luciferase-expressing cells generate bioluminescence signals. This signal is detected by the in vivo imaging system and allows for a non-invasive means of monitoring tumor growth, distribution, and regression in individual animals. Drug administration via oral gavage allows for a maximum dosing volume of 10 mL/kg body weight to be delivered directly to the stomach and closely resembles delivery of drugs in clinical treatments. Therefore, techniques described here, development of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer, oral delivery of drugs, and in vivo imaging, are useful for better understanding of human ovarian cancer and treatment and will improve targeting this disease.

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

Orthotopic animal models of ovarian cancer replicate better human disease and therefore enhance our understanding of cancer progression and tumor response to therapy. A mouse model receives an intrabursal injection of luciferase-expressing ovarian tumor cells. Treatment is administered via oral gavage. Tumor growth is monitored by in vivo imaging system.

생체내 이미징 및 난소암의 Orthotopic 마우스 모델에서 치료 트리 트먼트

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models.  This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model ...

Measuring Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span in 96 Well Microtiter Plates

Lifespan is a biological process regulated by several genetic pathways. One strategy to investigate the biology of aging is to study animals that harbor mutations in components of age-regulatory pathways. If these mutations perturb the function of the age-regulatory pathway and therefore alter the lifespan of the entire organism, they provide important mechanistic insights1-3.
Another strategy to investigate the regulation of lifespan is to use small molecules to perturb age-regulatory pathways. To date, a number of molecules are known to extend lifespan in various model organisms and are used as tools to study the biology of aging4-16. The number of molecules identified thus far is small compared to the genetic "toolset" that is available to study the biology of aging.
Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the principle models used to study aging because of its excellent genetics and short lifespan of three weeks. More recently, C.elegans has emerged as a model organism for phenotype based drug screens5,7,16-20 because of its small size and its ability to grow in microtiter plates.
Here we present an assay to measure C.elegans lifespan in 96 well microtiter plates. The assay was developed and successfully used to screen large libraries for molecules that extend C.elegans lifespan7. The reliability of the assay was evaluated in multiple tests: first, by measuring the lifespan of wild type animals grown at different temperatures; second, by measuring the lifespan of mutants with altered lifespans; third, by measuring changes in lifespan in response to different concentrations of the antidepressant Mirtazepine. Mirtazepine has previously been shown to extend lifespan in C.elegans7. The results of these tests show that the assay is able to replicate previous findings from other assays and is quantitative. The microtiter format also makes this lifespan assay compatible with automated liquid handling systems and allows integration into automated platforms.

Measuring Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span in 96 Well Microtiter Plates

In this protocol we present a method to measure Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan in 96 well microtiter plates.

측정 Caenorhabditis 엘레간스</em96 웰 플레이트에 Microtiter> 수명

Lifespan is a biological process regulated by several genetic pathways. One strategy to investigate the biology of aging is to study animals that harbor ...

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also produce a source of patient-matched cells for regenerative therapies. iPSCs may be generated using multiple protocols and derived from multiple cell sources. Once generated, iPSCs are tested using a variety of assays including immunostaining for pluripotency markers, generation of three germ layers in embryoid bodies and teratomas, comparisons of gene expression with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and production of chimeric mice with or without germline contribution2. Importantly, iPSC lines that pass these tests still vary in their capacity to produce different differentiated cell types2. This has made it difficult to establish which iPSC derivation protocols, donor cell sources or selection methods are most useful for different applications.
The most stringent test of whether a stem cell line has sufficient developmental potential to generate all tissues required for survival of an organism (termed full pluripotency) is tetraploid embryo complementation (TEC)3-5. Technically, TEC involves electrofusion of two-cell embryos to generate tetraploid (4n) one-cell embryos that can be cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage6. Diploid (2n) pluripotent stem cells (e.g. ESCs or iPSCs) are then injected into the blastocoel cavity of the tetraploid blastocyst and transferred to a recipient female for gestation (see Figure 1). The tetraploid component of the complemented embryo contributes almost exclusively to the extraembryonic tissues (placenta, yolk sac), whereas the diploid cells constitute the embryo proper, resulting in a fetus derived entirely from the injected stem cell line.
Recently, we reported the derivation of iPSC lines that reproducibly generate adult mice via TEC1. These iPSC lines give rise to viable pups with efficiencies of 5-13%, which is comparable to ESCs3,4,7 and higher than that reported for most other iPSC lines8-12. These reports show that direct reprogramming can produce fully pluripotent iPSCs that match ESCs in their developmental potential and efficiency of generating pups in TEC tests. At present, it is not clear what distinguishes between fully pluripotent iPSCs and less potent lines13-15. Nor is it clear which reprogramming methods will produce these lines with the highest efficiency. Here we describe one method that produces fully pluripotent iPSCs and "all- iPSC" mice, which may be helpful for investigators wishing to compare the pluripotency of iPSC lines or establish the equivalence of different reprogramming methods.

Generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines produces lines of differing developmental potential even when they pass standard tests for pluripotency. Here we describe a protocol to produce mice derived entirely from iPSCs, which defines the iPSC lines as possessing full pluripotency1.

유도 만능의 줄기 세포에서 파생 마우스의 생성

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Measuring the Osmotic Water Permeability Coefficient (Pf) of Spherical Cells: Isolated Plant Protoplasts as an Example

Studying AQP regulation mechanisms is crucial for the understanding of water relations at both the cellular and the whole plant levels. Presented here is a simple and very efficient method for the determination of the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf) in plant protoplasts, applicable in principle also to other spherical cells such as frog oocytes. The first step of the assay is the isolation of protoplasts from the plant tissue of interest by enzymatic digestion into a chamber with an appropriate isotonic solution. The second step consists of an osmotic challenge assay: protoplasts immobilized on the bottom of the chamber are submitted to a constant perfusion starting with an isotonic solution and followed by a hypotonic solution. The cell swelling is video recorded. In the third step, the images are processed offline to yield volume changes, and the time course of the volume changes is correlated with the time course of the change in osmolarity of the chamber perfusion medium, using a curve fitting procedure written in Matlab (the &#8216;PfFit&#8217;), to yield Pf.

Measuring the Osmotic Water Permeability Coefficient Pf of Spherical Cells: Isolated Plant Protoplasts as an Example

Measuring the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf) of cells can help understand the regulatory mechanisms of aquaporins (AQPs). Pf determination in spherical plant cell protoplasts presented here involves protoplasts isolation and numerical analysis of their initial rate of volume change as a result of an osmotic challenge during constant bath perfusion.

삼투 물 투수 계수 (P 측정<sub&gt; F</sub&gt;) 구형 세포 : 예를 들어 식물 절연 원형질체

Studying AQP regulation mechanisms is crucial for the understanding of water relations at both the cellular and the whole plant levels. Presented here is ...

Measuring Glutathione-induced Feeding Response in Hydra

Hydra is among the most primitive organisms possessing a nervous system and chemosensation for detecting reduced glutathione (GSH) for capturing the prey. The movement of prey organisms causes mechanosensory discharge of the stinging cells called nematocysts from hydra, which are inserted into the prey. The feeding response in hydra, which includes curling of the tentacles to bring the prey towards the mouth, opening of the mouth and consequent engulfing of the prey, is triggered by GSH present in the fluid released from the injured prey. To be able to identify the molecular mechanism of the feeding response in hydra which is unknown to date, it is necessary to establish an assay to measure the feeding response. Here, we describe a simple method for the quantitation of the feeding response in which the distance between the apical end of the tentacle and mouth of hydra is measured and the ratio of such distance before and after the addition of GSH is determined. The ratio, called the relative tentacle spread, was found to give a measure of the feeding response. This assay was validated using a starvation model in which starved hydra show an enhanced feeding response in comparison with daily fed hydra.

Here we describe a simple assay for the quantification of the feeding response in hydra induced by the reduced form of glutathione. This assay relies on measuring the distance between the apical end of the tentacle and mouth of hydra.

히드라의 글루타티온 유도 먹이 반응을 측정

Hydra is among the most primitive organisms possessing a nervous system and chemosensation for detecting reduced glutathione (GSH) for capturing the prey. ...

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis is the &#8220;gold-standard&#8221; in the assessment of load-dependent and load-independent measures of ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Measures of ventricular contractility and compliance are obtained through examination of cardiac response to changes in afterload and preload. These techniques were originally developed nearly three decades ago to measure cardiac function in large mammals and humans. The application of these analyses to small mammals, such as mice, has been accomplished through the optimization of microsurgical techniques and creation of conductance catheters. Conductance catheters allow for estimation of the blood pool by exploiting the relationship between electrical conductance and volume. When properly performed, these techniques allow for testing of cardiac function in genetic mutant mouse models or in drug treatment studies. The accuracy and precision of these studies are dependent on careful attention to the calibration of instruments, systematic conduct of hemodynamic measurements and data analyses. We will review the methods of conducting pressure-volume loop experiments using a conductance catheter in mice.

Cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis is the most comprehensive way to measure cardiac function in the intact heart. We describe a technique to perform and analyze cardiac pressure volume loops, using conductance catheters.

마우스에서 컨덕턴스 카테터를 사용하여 심장 압력 볼륨 루프 분석

Cardiac pressure-volume loop analysis is the &#8220;gold-standard&#8221; in the assessment of load-dependent and load-independent measures of ventricular ...

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular disease and a hallmark of aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile analytical tool for characterizing viscoelastic mechanical properties for a variety of materials ranging from hard (plastic, glass, metal, etc.) surfaces to cells on any substrate. It has been widely used to measure the stiffness of cells, but less frequently used to measure the stiffness of aortas. In this paper, we will describe the procedures for using AFM in contact mode to measure the ex vivo elastic modulus of unloaded mouse arteries. We describe our procedure for isolation of mouse aortas, and then provide detailed information for the AFM analysis. This includes step-by-step instructions for alignment of the laser beam, calibration of the spring constant and deflection sensitivity of the AFM probe, and acquisition of force curves. We also provide a detailed protocol for data analysis of the force curves.

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

We present detailed protocols for isolation of aortas from mouse and measurement of their elastic modulus using atomic force microscopy.

의 강성 측정<em&gt; 전의 VIVO</em원자 힘 현미경을 사용하여&gt; 마우스 대동맥

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor and biomarker for cardiovascular disease and a hallmark of aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a ...

The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique

The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. This is a prerequisite for studying the physiology of the isolated organ and for many innovative applications that may be possible in the future, including perfusion decellularization for kidney bioengineering or the administration of anti-rejection or genome-editing drugs in high doses to prime the kidney for transplantation. During the time of the perfusion, the kidney can be manipulated, renal function can be assessed, and various pharmaceuticals administered. After the procedure, the kidney can be transplanted or processed for molecular biology, biochemical analysis, or microscopy.
This paper describes the perfusate and the surgical technique needed for the ex vivo perfusion of mouse kidneys. Details of the perfusion apparatus are given and data are presented showing the viability of the kidney&#39;s preparation: renal blood flow, vascular resistance, and urine data as functional, transmission electron micrographs of different nephron segments as morphological readouts, and western blots of transport proteins of different nephron segments as molecular readout.

The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. The buffers and surgical technique are described in detail.

마우스입니다 관류 신장 기법

The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. This is a ...