저자는 재정 지원을 위해 태국 왕립 정부, 유럽 지역 개발 기금 (European Regional Development Fund), 네덜란드 지방의 겔더 랜드 (Gelderland) 및 오버 아이 셀 (Overijssel) (부여 번호 2011P017004)을 인정하고자합니다. 논문의 내용은 저자의 견해만을 반영합니다. 저자는 기술 주제에 대한 귀중한 정보를 얻으려는 Noldus 정보 기술의 GreenDino와 Tobias Heffelaar의 Andrea Poelstra의 도움에 감사드립니다.

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저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

가상 저장소는 사람들이 가상 현실에 가까운 객체를 경험하고 반응 할 수있는 가상 환경을 만들기 위해 개발 된 고급 컴퓨터 기술 중 하나입니다. 일반적으로 데스크톱 가상 저장소는 사용자 친화적 인 인터페이스로 구성되어있어 이해하는 데 약간의 시간이 필요합니다. 그러나 몇 가지 중요한 사항을 고려해야합니다. 첫째, 가상 저장소를 구축 할 때 출발점을 지정하기 위해 먼저 명확한 연구 ?...

효과적인 소매 마케팅을 달성하려면 소비자의 매장 내 행동을 이해하는 것이 매우 중요합니다. 이러한 이해를 돕기 위해 가상 저장소라고하는 고급 가상 현실 기술을 사용하면 컴퓨팅으로 생성 된 가상 환경을 사용하여 소비자 행동을 연구 할 수 있습니다. 가상 저장소 접근 방식은 가상 현실 시스템을 사용하여 사람이 저장소의 개체와 상호 작용할 수있는 현실적이고 몰입 형 3 차원 가상 저장소 환경을 생성합니다. 이러한 가상 상점 환경에서 사람들은 인위적으로 생성 된 감각 경험을 경험합니다. 가상 상점 환경은 실제 또는 가상 상점 환경에 존재하는 상점 환경의 사실적인 표현 일 수 있습니다. 또한, 가상 상점 (전통적인 소비자 조사 (즉, 텍스트 기반 설문 조사, 포커스 그룹, 또는 실험실 실험), 제어 필드 실험의 중간 도구로 볼 수있다, 즉,모의 상점 환경) 및 현장 학습 ( 즉, 비디오 캡처, 개인 관찰 또는 제품 판매 촉진 테스트) 1 . 가상 현실 응용 프로그램은 상당한 연구 역사를 가지고 있습니다. 1965 년 초 Sutherland 2 는 사운드 및 촉감 피드백을 제공하는 가상 세계를 포함하는 &quot;궁극적 인 디스플레이&quot;개념을 설명했습니다. 원래는 주로 기술 하드웨어에 초점을 맞추었지만 가상 현실 시스템의 영향에 대한 통찰력을 제공하지 못하기 때문에 인간의 경험으로 관심이 옮겨졌습니다 3 , 4 . 컴퓨터 생성 세계에 존재한다는 &quot;존재감&quot;의 감각은 결과적으로 가상 현실 체험 5 , 6 의 열쇠가되었습니다. 현존은 &quot;환경에있는 주관적인 경험, 심지어는하나의 물리적으로 서로에 위치 될 때 &quot;이러한 관점에서. 7&quot;, &quot;존재 감지는 참가자로부터 검색되어 사용자가 그를 인식되는 범위를 의미 할 수 / 그녀 자신의 환경 일 수있다. 대안 적으로, 슬레이터 8 PI는 존재감과 침수의 개념을 구분 짓는다. PI는 현실적인 느낌을주는 것과 관련이 있으며, 일련의 유효한 행동으로 평가된다. 참가자가 자신의 지각이나 환경을 바꾸기 위해 수행 할 수있는 반응 ( 예 : 시선 방향을 바꾸기 위해 머리와 눈을 움직이거나 움직이는 물건을 쥐는 것). PI는 변화하는 인식에 대한 비슷한 반응 세트가 가상 현실 시스템은 동등한 물리적 환경에서 기대되는 응답과 비교됩니다 .Psi는 가상 현실에서 인식되는 것을 설명합니다.그것이 실제로 일어나고 있다는 환상. Psi로 이어질 수있는 중요한 구성 요소는 가상 현실이 참가자가 직접 제어 할 수없는 가상 환경의 이벤트가 직접 자신을 참조한다는 환상을 제공하는 것입니다. Psi는 외부에서 발생한 가상 현실의 변화에 ​​응답하여 사람들이 나타내는 행동이나 반응을 추적하여 측정 할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 가상 환경에서 아바타를 볼 때 사람들의 심장 박동 수가 증가하면 이는 실제 세계와 비슷한 반응을 나타낼 수 있습니다. 따라서,이 가상 현실 시스템은 높은 Psi를 제공합니다. 가상 저장소 기술은 비즈니스 및 학계에서 여러 가지 목적을 위해 도입되었습니다. 예를 들어 회사의 범주 관리자가 제품의 선반 계획을 수립 할 때 도움을주기 위해 관리 보조 도구로 사용할 수 있습니다. 가상 상점은 또한 환자의 음식에 대한 정서적 반응을 측정하기 위해 임상 설정에서 사용합니다.경구인지 장애를위한식이 장애 1 또는 선별 도구 9 . 그러나 연구에서 가상 상점을보다 일반적으로 사용하는 것은 소비자의 매장 내 행동 및 가격 변화 10 , 11 , 12 , 판매 시점 디스플레이 13 의 다양한 설정 등과 같은 매장 환경의 변화에 ​​대한 소비자의 반응을 평가하는 것입니다. , 상이한 패키징 옵션들 ( 14) , 제품 패키지 ( 15) 의 뒷면에 상이한 영양 라벨들, 및 재고 수준들 ( 16)을 포함한다 . 또한, 가상 상점은 현재 어린이 17 사이의 건강한 식품 선택을 자극 만들 수 있도록 공중 보건 개입을 테스트하는 데 사용됩니다. 앞서 언급 한 다양한 이점으로 인해 가상 저장소 기술과 하드웨어는 빠르게 개발되고 있습니다. 그러므로이 논문은 인간에 초점을 맞출 것이다.일반적으로 가상 현실을 사용하여 연구의 필수 요소를 경험하고 설명합니다. 현재 가상 저장소 시스템에서 얻은 모든 필수 정보가 시연됩니다. 현재 이용 가능한 가상 저장 시스템은 1) 비 몰입 형 ( 예 : 데스크톱), 2) 반은 잠식 ( 예 : 프로젝션, CAVE 시스템), 3) 완전히 몰입 형 ( 예 : 헤드 장착 디스플레이 ). 각 시스템은 지원 시스템에 따라 다양한 수준의 몰입감, 존재감, PI 및 Psi를 제공합니다. 그러나 침수, 존재감, PI 및 Psi의 측정은 각 시스템이 지원하는 특정 감각 운동 비상 사태에 묶여 있기 때문에 서로 다른 시스템에서 이러한 지표를 비교하는 것은 불가능한 것으로 간주됩니다 8 . 최근 몇 년 동안 데스크톱 가상 저장소에 대한 관심이 높아졌고 점점 더 많은 연구에 사용되었습니다. 가상 저장소가 promisi로 간주 되어도매장 내 소비자 행동 연구를위한 도구로는 가상 저장소를 사용하는 방법에 대한 전문 지식이 필요합니다. 그러나 지금까지 가상 저장소 실험을 수행하는 절차를 포괄적으로 설명하는보고 된 연구는 매우 부족합니다. 따라서이 연구는 데스크톱 가상 저장소를 사용하여 소비자 조사를 수행하는 프로토콜을 설명하는 것을 목표로합니다.이 프로토콜은 매우 중요합니다. 일반적으로 가상 저장소를 사용하는 연구에는 1) 가상 환경을 표시하는 장비, 2) 연구원이 가상 환경을 구축 할 수있게 해주는 편집기 프로그램, 3) 연구 된 객체의 가상 표현 ( 예 : 상점 및 제품), 4) 가상 환경을 탐색하고 선택을하는 소비자 인터페이스, 5) 데이터 수집 자체를 실행하는 절차, 6) 데이터 저장 및 분석을 용이하게하는 데이터 관리 시스템. 이들 중 대부분가상 상점 회사와 프로그래머가 관리 할 가능성이 높습니다. 연구원은 1) 편집기 프로그램에서 실험을위한 소매 상점을 만드는 방법, 2) 소비자 인터페이스를 사용하여 데이터 수집을 실행하는 방법, 3) 데이터 관리 프로그램의 모든 출력을 구성하고 출력을 내보내는 방법을 알아야합니다. 통계 프로그램에 넣는다. 현재의 논문은 데스크탑 가상 저장소로 실험을 수행하기위한 상세한 프로토콜 단계를 제공함으로써이 정보를 다룰 것입니다. 또한 소비자 연구에서 가상 매장을 사용하는 데 따른 장점과 한계에 대해서도 설명합니다. 이 백서에 설명 된 세부 프로토콜은 연구원이 가상 상점 조사를 시작하고 수행하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 본 논문에서 사용 된 데스크탑 가상 저장소 하드웨어가 필요합니다 (즉, 개인용 컴퓨터 (PC)를, 액정 디스플레이 (LCD) 스크린, 3 차원 (3D) 공간 네비게이터, 마우스 및 키보드), 즉 소프트웨어 (, 가게를 디자인하는3D 가상 상점에서 소비자처럼 쇼핑하십시오). 이 특별한 시스템은 선행 연구 14 , 18 에서 사용되었습니다.

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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:196px;">Virtual Supermarket Software</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">GreenDino BV</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">http://www.greendino.nl/virtual-labs.html</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">This software consists of editor, product library and consumer interface.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:196px;">Data Management Software: Observer XT&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">Noldus Information Technology</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">http://www.noldus.com/human-behavior-research/products/the-observer-xt&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">This software records observational data and facilitates the exportation of researcher-specified data sets using filters</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="130" style="height:131px;">3D SpaceNavigator</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3Dconnexion</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">http://www.3dconnexion.eu/index.php?id=26&#38;redirect2=www.3dconnexion.eu</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">A 3D SpaceNavigator allows participants to walk and make turns in the virtual store. In addition, it can be used by participants to adjust their eye-level during a shopping trip.</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="126" style="height:126px;width:196px;">3D moddeling software (e.g. Blender or 3DS Max)</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">Blender Foundation / Autodesk</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">https://www.blender.org/ http://www.autodesk.nl/products/3ds-max/overview</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">In case 3D models need to be made or adjusted 3D modeling software is needed. Many objects can be found online under different licencing agreements.&#160;</td>
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			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:196px;">Contract Reseach&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">Wageningen Univeristy and Research</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">http://www.wur.nl/en/Expertise-Services/Research-Institutes/Economic-Research.htm</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">The socio-economic research institute (Wageningen Economic Research)&#160; with experience in conducting the consumer research with the virtual store.&#160;</td>
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using a virtual store as a research tool to investigate consumer in-store behavior

제품 및 / 또는 선택 환경에 대한 사람들의 반응은 매장 내 소비자 행동을 이해하는 데 중요합니다. 현재이 매장 행동을 연구하는 다양한 방법 (예를 들어, 설문 조사 또는 실험실 설정)하지만, 이들의 외부 유효성은 현실적인 선택 환경을 닮은 자신의 가난한 능력에 의해 제한됩니다. 또한, 바람직하지 않은 영향을 통제하면서 실험 조건을 충족시키기 위해 실제 매장을 구축하는 것은 비용이 많이 들고 어렵습니다. 가상 현실 기술로 개발 된 가상 저장소는 현실적이고 유연하며 비용 효율적인 방식으로 3D 가상 저장소 환경의 시뮬레이션을 제공함으로써 이러한 한계를 잠재적으로 초월합니다. 특히, 가상 상점은 대화식으로 소비자 (참여자)가 엄격하게 제어되고 현실적인 환경에서 객체를 경험하고 상호 작용할 수있게합니다. 이 백서는 데스크톱 가상 저장소를 사용하여 매장 내 소비자 행동을 연구하는 핵심 요소를 제시합니다. 설명자1) 실험 저장소 구축, 2) 데이터 관리 프로그램 준비, 3) 가상 저장소 실험 실행, 4) 데이터 관리 프로그램에서 데이터 구성 및 내보내기 등의 프로토콜 단계가 포함됩니다. 가상 상점을 사용하면 참가자는 상점을 탐색하고 다른 제품을 선택하고 제품을 선택하거나 반환 할 수 있습니다. 또한 소비자 관련 쇼핑 행동 ( 예 : 쇼핑 시간, 걷기 속도, 조사 및 구매 한 제품의 수 및 유형)도 수집 할 수 있습니다. 이 프로토콜은 선반 길이 및 선반 방향이 쇼핑 및 운동과 관련된 행동에 영향을 준다는 점을 보여주는 매장 레이아웃 실험의 예와 함께 설명됩니다. 이는 가상 저장소를 사용하면 소비자 응답을 연구하는 데 도움이된다는 것을 보여줍니다. 가상 저장소는 실생활에서 비용이 많이 들거나 변경하기 어려운 요인 ( 예 : 전체 매장 레이아웃), 현재 사용할 수없는 제품을 검사 할 때 특히 유용 할 수 있습니다친숙한 환경에서 행동을 일상화했습니다.

3 개의 42 인치 LCD 화면이있는 PC를 사용하여 표시되는 가상 매장이 슈퍼마켓 레이아웃이 소비자 쇼핑 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 적용되었습니다 ( 예 : 총 쇼핑 시간, 이동 시간 및 속도, 조사 된 제품의 총 수 및 구매 한 제품) 및 쇼핑 경험을인지합니다. 가상 저장소를 사용하면 연구원이 매장 선반의 특성 ( 예 : 선반 길이 및 선반 방향)을 유연하게...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior at JoVE.com

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior

이 백서에서는 가상 매장을 사용하여 매장 내 소비자 행동을 조사하기위한 가상 쇼핑 환경을 만드는 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 실험을 만들고 실행하는 프로토콜에 대한 설명, 매장 레이아웃과 관련된 실험의 예제 결과 및 가상 저장소 실험을 수행 할 때 고려해야 할 중요한 고려 사항이 제시됩니다.

소비자 매장 내 행동을 조사하는 연구 도구로 가상 저장소 사용

People&#39;s responses to products and/or choice environments are crucial to understanding in-store consumer behaviors. Currently, there are various ...

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11.2K 조회수.  Wageningen University and Research.  이 백서에서는 가상 매장을 사용하여 매장 내 소비자 행동을 조사하기위한 가상 쇼핑 환경을 만드는 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 실험을 만들고 실행하는 프로토콜에 대한 설명, 매장 레이아웃과 관련된 실험의 예제 결과 및 가상 저장소 실험을 수행 할 때 고려해야 할 중요한 고려 사항이 제시됩니다. 

비디오: Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is a well-established method in behavioral neuroscience and experimental setups were traditionally custom-made; the necessary equipment is now available by several commercial companies. This protocol provides a detailed description of a two-way shuttle-box avoidance learning paradigm in rodents (here Mongolian gerbils; Meriones unguiculatus) in combination with site-specific electrical intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) and simultaneous chronical electrophysiological in vivo recordings. The detailed protocol is applicable to study multiple aspects of learning behavior and perception in different rodent species.
Site-specific ICMS of auditory cortical circuits as conditioned stimuli here is used as a tool to test the perceptual relevance of specific afferent, efferent and intracortical connections. Distinct activation patterns can be evoked by using different stimulation electrode arrays for local, layer-dependent ICMS or distant ICMS sites. Utilizing behavioral signal detection analysis it can be determined which stimulation strategy is most effective for eliciting a behaviorally detectable and salient signal. Further, parallel multichannel-recordings using different electrode designs (surface electrodes, depth electrodes, etc.) allow for investigating neuronal observables over the time course of such learning processes. It will be discussed how changes of the behavioral design can increase the cognitive complexity (e.g. detection, discrimination, reversal learning).

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is well-established in behavioral neuroscience. This protocol describes how shuttle-box learning in rodents can be combined with site-specific electrical intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) and simultaneous chronical in vivo recordings as a tool to study multiple aspects of learning and perception.

인식 및 학습을 연구하는 도구로 전기 생리 텍스 녹화 및 자극과 셔틀 박스 교육을 결합

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is a well-established method in behavioral neuroscience and experimental setups were traditionally custom-made; the ...

연구

행동분석학

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been maintaining the behavior. There is close correspondence between fear and human anxiety, and therefore studies of extinction learning might provide insight into the biological nature of anxiety-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, and they might help to develop strategies to treat them. Preclinical research aims to aid extinction learning and to induce targeted plasticity in extinction circuits to consolidate the newly formed memory. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a powerful approach that provides tight temporal and circuit-specific release of neurotransmitters, resulting in modulation of neuronal networks engaged in an ongoing task. VNS enhances memory consolidation in both rats and humans, and pairing VNS with exposure to conditioned cues enhances the consolidation of extinction learning in rats. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the preparation of custom-made parts and the surgical procedures required for VNS in rats. Using this protocol we show how VNS can facilitate the extinction of conditioned fear responses in an auditory fear conditioning task. In addition, we provide evidence that VNS modulates synaptic plasticity in the pathway between the infralimbic (IL) medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), which is involved in the expression and modulation of extinction memory.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a tool to induce targeted synaptic plasticity in the forebrain to modify a range of behaviors. This protocol describes how to implement VNS to facilitate the consolidation of fear extinction memory.

도구로 미주 신경 자극은 멸종 학습을위한 관련 진학 가소성을 유도

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been ...

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional rubber-hand illusion or the more recently discovered enfacement illusion. However, these examples require rather artificial experimental setups, in which the artificial effector needs to be stroked in synchrony with the participants&#39; real hand or face&#8212;a situation in which participants have no control over the stroking or the movements of their real or artificial effector. Here, we describe a technique to establish ownership illusions in a setup that is more realistic, more intuitive, and of presumably higher ecological validity. It allows creating the virtual-hand illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual hand presented on a screen or in virtual space in front of them. If the virtual hand moves in synchrony with the participants&#39; own real hand, they tend to perceive the virtual hand as part of their own body. The technique also creates the virtual-face illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual face in front of them, again with the effect that they tend to perceive the face as their own if it moves in synchrony with their real face. Studying the circumstances that illusions of this sort can be created, increased, or reduced provides important information about how people create and maintain representations of themselves.

Here, we describe virtual-hand and virtual-face illusion paradigms that can be used to study body-related self-perception/-representation. They have already been used in various studies to demonstrate that, under specific conditions, a virtual hand or face can be incorporated into one&#39;s body representation, suggesting that body representations are rather flexible.

가상-손과 가상 얼굴 환상을 만드는 것은 자기 표현을 조사하기

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional ...

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by observation or passive movement of trainee&#39;s hands by a robotic device). This obviously presents a major challenge in the rehabilitation of a paretic limb since voluntary control of physical movement is limited. Here, we describe a novel training scheme we have developed that has the potential to circumvent this major challenge. We exploited the voluntary control of one hand and provided real-time movement-based manipulated sensory feedback as if the other hand is moving. Visual manipulation through virtual reality (VR) was combined with a device that yokes left-hand fingers to passively follow right-hand voluntary finger movements. In healthy subjects, we demonstrate enhanced within-session performance gains of a limb in the absence of voluntary physical training. Results in healthy subjects suggest that training with the unique VR setup might also be beneficial for patients with upper limb hemiparesis by exploiting the voluntary control of their healthy hand to improve rehabilitation of their affected hand.

We describe a novel virtual-reality based setup which exploits voluntary control of one hand to improve motor-skill performance in the other (non-trained) hand. This is achieved by providing real-time movement-based sensory feedback as if the non-trained hand is moving. This new approach may be used to enhance rehabilitation of patients with unilateral hemiparesis.

가상 현실을 사용 하 여 다른 한 손으로에서 모터 기술 지식을 전송 하

As far as acquiring motor skills is concerned, training by voluntary physical movement is superior to all other forms of training (e.g. training by ...

Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies

Over the last decade, employing computer animations for animal behavior research has increased due to its ability to non-invasively manipulate the appearance and behavior of visual stimuli, compared to manipulating live animals. Here, we present the FishSim Animation Toolchain, a software framework developed to provide researchers with an easy-to-use method for implementing 3D computer animations in behavioral experiments with fish. The toolchain offers templates to create virtual 3D stimuli of five different fish species. Stimuli are customizable in both appearance and size, based on photographs taken of live fish. Multiple stimuli can be animated by recording swimming paths in a virtual environment using a video game controller. To increase standardization of the simulated behavior, the prerecorded swimming path may be replayed with different stimuli. Multiple animations can later be organized into playlists and presented on monitors during experiments with live fish.
In a case study with sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna), we provide a protocol on how to conduct a mate-choice copying experiment with FishSim. We utilized this method to create and animate virtual males and virtual model females, and then presented these to live focal females in a binary choice experiment. Our results demonstrate that computer animation may be used to simulate virtual fish in a mate-choice copying experiment to investigate the role of female gravid spots as an indication of quality for a model female in mate-choice copying.
Applying this method is not limited to mate-choice copying experiments but can be used in various experimental designs. Still, its usability depends on the visual capabilities of the study species and first needs validation. Overall, computer animations offer a high degree of control and standardization in experiments and bear the potential to &#39;reduce&#39; and &#39;replace&#39; live stimulus animals as well as to &#39;refine&#39; experimental procedures.

Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies

Using the novel FishSim Animation Toolchain, we present a protocol for non-invasive visual manipulation of public information in the context of mate-choice copying in sailfin mollies. FishSim Animation Toolchain provides an easy-to-use framework for the design, animation and presentation of computer-animated fish stimuli for behavioral experiments with live test fish.

FishSim 애니메이션 툴체인을 사용 하 여 물고기 동작 조사: 메이 트 선택 복사 Sailfin Mollies에 대 한 사례 연구

Over the last decade, employing computer animations for animal behavior research has increased due to its ability to non-invasively manipulate the ...

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

As many scholars and practitioners study personalization and relationship marketing, it is important to provide personalization such as mass customization through marketing technology. The purpose of this study is to examine how to conduct consumer research using an online survey and analysis of data. This study examines consumers&#39;&#160;perceived benefits while customizing a product as well as emotional product attachment, attitudes toward a customization program, and loyalty intentions in the context of online retailing. In addition, this study investigates how consumer responses are different based on individual characteristics such as fashion innovativeness. An online survey company in South Korea recruited 290 female apparel shoppers who purchased apparel online. To enhance external validity, this study used an existing retail website with a well-established mass customization program. After completing the customization program, participants complete the online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and latent mean analyses (LMAs) are then performed for analyses. This study stresses the importance of testing measurement invariance for mean comparisons. Before the SEM and LMA, this study follows the hierarchy of invariance tests (configural invariance test, metric invariance test, and scalar invariance test), which are not considered by traditional approaches such as ANOVA. These statistical analyses provide applicability of the invariance test procedures and LMA to consumer behaviors. The conclusions of mean differences have integrity and validity because they are guided by a sophisticated statistical procedure to ensure measurement invariance.

Presented here is a protocol to examine consumer responses toward mass customization in the context of online retailing. The protocol details the online survey procedure and how to analyze data using structural equation modeling and group differences using latent mean analyses.

소비자 혜택을 평가하기 위한 연구 도구로 eMASS 커스터마이징 프로그램 적용

As many scholars and practitioners study personalization and relationship marketing, it is important to provide personalization such as mass customization ...

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

The Cholesky decomposition method is the gold standard used in the field of behavioral genetics. The method is popular because it is easy to program and solve. Using this method, researchers can explore individual differences in longitudinal relations of different variables across multiple time points. The method allows investigators to decompose variance into (1) unique&#160;genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects that arise at specific time points as well as (2) overlapping genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects that carry over from one time point to another. However, the method does not identify the mechanisms or origins underlying these effects. The current report focuses on application of the Cholesky decomposition method in the field of educational psychology. Specifically, it discusses individual differences in longitudinal relations between kindergarten letter knowledge, kindergarten phonological awareness, first grade word-level reading skills, and seventh grade reading comprehension.

This paper demonstrates use of the gold standard method in behavioral genetics, the Cholesky decomposition method, to estimate unique, overlapping genetic and environmental influences on different variables to answer longitudinally motivated research questions.

Cholesky 분해를 사용하여 읽기 기술 간의 세로 관계의 개인 차이 탐색

The Cholesky decomposition method is the gold standard used in the field of behavioral genetics. The method is popular because it is easy to program and ...

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

To cross a road successfully, individuals must coordinate their movements with moving vehicles. This paper describes use of a walking simulator in which people walk on a treadmill to intercept gaps between two moving vehicles in an immersive virtual environment. Virtual reality allows for a safe and ecologically varied investigation of gap crossing behavior. Manipulating the initial starting distance can further the understanding of a participant&#8217;s speed regulation while approaching a gap. The speed profile may be assessed for various gap crossing variables, such as initial distance, vehicle size, and gap size. Each walking simulation results in a position/time series that can inform how velocity is adjusted differently depending on the gap characteristics. This methodology can be used by researchers investigating pedestrian behavior and behavioral dynamics while employing human participants in a safe and realistic setting.

This protocol describes use of a walking simulator that serves as a safe and ecologically valid method to study pedestrian behavior in the presence of moving traffic.

가상 현실 걷기 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 보행자 행동을 조사합니다.

To cross a road successfully, individuals must coordinate their movements with moving vehicles. This paper describes use of a walking simulator in which ...

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Brainwaves amplitude obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) has been well-recognized as a basis for cognitive capacity, memory, and learning on animals and humans. Adult neurogenesis mechanism is also linked to memory and learning improvement. Traditionally, researchers used to assess learning and memory parameters in rodent models by behavioral tasks. Therefore, the simultaneous monitoring of behavioral changes and EEG is particularly interesting in correlating data between brain activity and task-related behaviors. However, most of the equipment required to perform both studies are either complex, expensive, or uses a wired setup network that hinders the natural animals&#8217; movement. In this study, EEG was recorded with a wireless electrophysiology device along with the execution of a novel object recognition task (NORT). The animal&#8217;s behavior was monitored simultaneously by a video tracking system. Both recordings were analyzed offline by their timestamps which were synched to link EEG signals with the animal&#8217;s actions. Subjects consist of adult Wistar rats after medium-term environmental enrichment treatment. Six skull screw electrodes were fixed in pairs on both hemispheres over frontal, central, and parietal regions and were referenced to an electrode located posterior of the nasal bone. NORT protocol consists of exposing the animal to two identical objects for 10 min. After 2 h and 24 h, one of the objects was replaced with a novel one. Exploration time for each object was monitored by a behavioral tracking software (BTS) and EEG data recording. The analysis of the EEG synced with behavioral data consists of estimations of alpha and beta relative band power and comparisons between novel object recognition versus familiar object exploration, between three experimental stages. In this manuscript, we have discussed electrodes manufacturing process, epidural electrodes implantation surgery, environmental enrichment protocol, NORT protocol, BTS setup, EEG &#8211; BTS coupling for simultaneous monitoring in real-time, and EEG data analysis based on automatic events detection.

The protocol presented here provides information on the simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioral assessment in real-time. We have discussed all steps involved in this protocol as an attractive solution for researchers in many fields of neuroscience, particularly in learning and memory areas.

해마 신경 발생을 연구하기 위한 도구로서의 무선 전기생리학 및 기억 행동 테스트의 동시 모니터링

Brainwaves amplitude obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) has been well-recognized as a basis for cognitive capacity, memory, and learning on ...

Using Enclosed Y-Mazes to Assess Chemosensory Behavior in Reptiles

Reptiles utilize a variety of environmental cues to inform and drive animal behavior such as chemical scent trails produced by food or conspecifics. Decrypting the scent-trailing behavior of vertebrates, particularly invasive species, enables the discovery of cues that induce exploratory behavior and can aid in the development of valuable basic and applied biological tools. However, pinpointing behaviors dominantly driven by chemical cues versus other competing environmental cues can be challenging. Y-mazes are common tools used in animal behavior research that allow quantification of vertebrate chemosensory behavior across a range of taxa. By reducing external stimuli, Y-mazes remove confounding factors and present focal animals with a binary choice. In our Y-maze studies, a scenting animal is restricted to one arm of the maze to leave a scent trail and is removed once scent-laying parameters have been met. Then, depending on the trial type, either the focal animal is allowed into the maze, or a competing scent trail is created. The result is a record of the focal animal&#39;s choice and behavior while discriminating between the chemical cues presented. Here, two Y-maze apparatuses tailored to different invasive reptile species: Argentine black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae) and Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) are described, outlining the operation and cleaning of these Y-mazes. Further, the variety of data produced, experimental drawbacks and solutions, and suggested data analysis frameworks have been summarized.

Y-mazes enable researchers to determine the relevance of specific stimuli that drive animal behavior, especially isolated chemical cues from a variety of sources. Careful design and planning can yield robust data (e.g., discrimination, degree of exploration, numerous behaviors). This experimental apparatus can provide powerful insight into behavioral and ecological questions.

파충류의 화학 감각 행동을 평가하기 위해 동봉 된 Y-미로를 사용

Reptiles utilize a variety of environmental cues to inform and drive animal behavior such as chemical scent trails produced by food or conspecifics. ...