이 작품은 미국 육군 연구 사무실을 통해 계약 W911NF-18-1-0051에 의해 지원 되었다.

<ol>
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저자는 공개 없다.

이 프로토콜 초고속 진동 역학 지상 전자 상태에서 이온의 선택적 준비를 통해 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온을 해결 하기 위해 수 있습니다. 800를 사용 하 여 표준 필드 강력한 이온화 프로시저 동안 nm 첫 행 diatomics10,11,,1213 및 공동의 지상 전자 상태 급진적인 양이온에 진동 일관성을 준비할 수 2 ...

1960 년대에는 레이저의 발명, 선택적으로 분자에서 화학 결합을 끊기의 목표는 이후 화학자 및 물리학자의 오랜 꿈. 둘 다 조정 하는 기능 레이저 주파수와 강도 관련 된 진동 주파수1,2,3,4에서 선택적 에너지 흡 광도 통해 대상 채권의 직접 분열 수 있도록 믿어 . 그러나, 초기 실험 intramolecular 진동의 재분배는 분자 동안 흡수 에너지 자주 약한 본드4,5의 비 선택적 분열 결과 발견. 그것은 때까지 펨의 개발 펄스 레이저 및 펌프-프로브 기법6 후반에 일관 된 진동 상태, 또는 "웨이브 패킷" 조작 지시 하는 1980 년대 활성화 본드 분열 및 다른 성공적인 제어 목표6,,78. 펌프-프로브 측정, 어떤 점에서 "펌프" 펄스 준비 상태 또는 이후 시간 지연 "프로브" 맥 박에 의해 흥분 하는 이온, 분자9, 초고속 프로세스를 공부에 대 한 가장 널리 사용 되는 기술 중 하나를 유지합니다 10,11,12,13,14,15,,1617,18, 19,20.
초고속 분리 이온화 펌프에 의해 대상 분자의 비선택적 분열에서 발생 하는 대량 spectrometric 탐지를 결합 하는 펌프-프로브 여기를 사용 하 여 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온의 역학을 공부 하 고 중요 한 제한 800 nm21,,2223의 Ti:Sapphire 파장에서 펄스. 이 초과 nonadiabatic multiphoton 이온화에서 결과 분열과 여기 파장 근처-적외선으로 이동 하 여 완화 될 수 있습니다 (예., 1200-1500 nm)22,,2324, 25. 이 더 긴 파장에서의 단 전자 터널링 이온화 multiphoton 여기 상대적인 기여22,23처리 합니다. 단 터널링 작은 초과 에너지는 분자 및 양식을 주로 "차가운" 바닥 상태 분자 이온19,22,23를 부여. 우리의 이전 작품의 근 적외선 여기 사용 일관 된 진동 업무가, 또는 "웨이브 패킷" 800 nm 여기19,에 비해 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온에의 준비 향상을 보여주었다합니다 20. 이 작품에는 화학 전 대리인 simulant 디 메 틸 methylphosphonate (DMMP) 1500 nm와 800을 사용 하 여 펌프-프로브 측정 multiphoton 및 터널링 기부금에 의해 지배 하는 강력한 필드 이온화의 차이 보여주는 것입니다 nm 펌프 한 파장
우리의 펌프-프로브 실험에서 ultrashort 레이저 펄스의 쌍 이며 시간 지연, 재결합, 비행 시간 질량 분석기에 초점을 우리의 설치 그림 1에서 같이. 이러한 실험 필요 Ti:Sapphire 재생 증폭기 제작 > 2 엠 제이, 800 nm, 30 fs 펄스. 앰프 출력 90: 10 (%r: %T) 빔 스플리터, 어디 대부분의 에너지는 펌프 광 파라메트릭 증폭기 (OPA) 1200-1600 nm, 100-300 µJ, 20-30 fs 펄스의 생성에 대 한에 분할 됩니다. IR 펌프 광속의 직경은 22 m m와 5.5 m m 및 창포를 사용 하 여 코드 다운 조명을 800 nm 프로브 광속의 직경에 확장 됩니다. 이 collimations는 훨씬 작은 광속 허리 (9 µ m) 프로브 빔 (30 µ m), 보다 모든 이온 이온화 펌프 펄스 동안 시간 지연 조사 맥 박에 의해 흥분 되도록 펌프 빔 초점에 결과. 우리의 실험의 목표는 집중 된 광속의 가장자리 근처 낮은 농도 에서도 형성 될 수 있는 부모 분자 이온의 역학이이 구성을 사용 합니다. 우리는 더 높은 흥분 이온 종의 역학 관심의 경우, 다음 프로브 빔 직경 여야 한다 펌프의 그것 보다 더 작은 주의.
펌프와 프로브 펄스 collinearly 전파 하 고와 일리-맥 라 렌 시간의 비행 질량 분 서 계 (TOF-MS)26 (그림 2)의 추출 영역에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 분자 샘플 된 유리병에는 입구에 부착 하 고 진공 열. 이 설치 있어야 조사 분자를 0이 아닌 증기 압력; 낮은 증기 압력, 분자에 대 한 유리병이 열 될 수 있습니다. 실로 가스 샘플의 흐름 두 변수 누설 밸브에 의해 제어 됩니다. 샘플 추출 지역27에 대상 분자의 로컬 높은 농도 제공 1/16"스테인레스 스틸 튜브 약 1 cm 레이저 초점 (그림 2)에서 통해 챔버를 입력 합니다. 추출 접시는 동쪽으로 향하게 하는 0.5 m m 슬릿 레이저 전파 및 이온 경로에 직각. 펌프 빔의 레일리 범위 약 2 m m 이므로이 슬릿은 중앙 초점 볼륨 강도 높은 추출 접시28통과에서 생성 된 이온만을 허용 하는 필터를 제공 합니다. 이온 Z-갭 마이크로 채널 격판덮개 (MCP) 검출기29, 검색 하 고 일반적인 상업 Ti:Sapphire 레이저의 1 kHz 반복 속도로 1 g h z 디지털 오실로스코프 기록에 도달 1 m 필드 무료 드리프트 튜브를 입력 합니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass spectrometer components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOF lens stack and flight tube assembly</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>C-677</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 mm Z-gap detector assembly</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>C-701Z</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOF high voltage power supply</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>D-603</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum system components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary vane backing pump</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>RV12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbomolecular pumps (2)</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>EXT255H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbomolecular pump controllers (2)</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>EXC300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure gauge</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>AIGX-S-DN40CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chiller for water cooling</td>
			<td>Neslab</td>
			<td>CFT-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtosecond laser system</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>Astrella</td>
			<td>oscillator and amplifier in a single integrated system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Parametric Amplifer (OPA)</td>
			<td>Light Conversion</td>
			<td>TOPAS Prime</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motion control</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized linear translation stage 1&#34; travel</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>Z825B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>controller for linear translation stage</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KDC 101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB controller hub and power supply</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KCH 601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manual linear translation stage 1&#34; travel</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PT1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detectors</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyroelectric laser energy meter</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>1168337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal laser power meter</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>5356E16R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si-biased detector 200-1100 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DET10A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compact USB CMOS Camera</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DCC1545M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>HR4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 GHz digital oscilloscope&#160;</td>
			<td>LeCroy</td>
			<td>WaveRunner 610Zi</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Type 1 BBO crystal</td>
			<td>Crylight Photonics</td>
			<td>BBO007</td>
			<td>aperture and thickness may be customized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Achromatic half wave plate, 1100-2000 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AHWP05M-1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wollaston prism polarizer</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>WPM10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hollow retro-reflector</td>
			<td>PLX, Inc.</td>
			<td>OW-20-1C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable neutral density filter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>NDC-100C-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Longpass dichroic mirror 2&#34; diameter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DMLP950L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Camera image software</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>ThorCam</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument communication interface</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>NI-MAX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphical development environment for measurement programs</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>LabVIEW</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data processing software</td>
			<td>Mathworks</td>
			<td>MATLAB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization

우리는 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온에 진동 일관성을 준비 하 고 그들의 초고속 역학 조사에 대 한 펌프-프로브 방법 제시. 일반적으로 사용 되는 800에서 강력한 필드 이온화 펌프 펄스의 파장을 이동 하 여 nm 근처-적외선 (1200-1600 nm)으로, 단 전자 터널링 이온화 과정에의 기여 multiphoton 흡수 상대적인 증가. 단 열 이온화 주된 인구의 전자 제거, 효과적으로 준비 하는 일관 된 진동 상태 ("웨이브 패킷") 다음 여기에 순종에 따라 이온의 바닥 전자 상태에 결과. 우리의 실험에서 약한 필드 800 nm 펄스와 일관 된 진동 역학 조사 됩니다 하 고 분리 제품의 시간에 따른 수익률 시간의 비행 질량 분석기에 측정 합니다. 800 nm 펄스에 비해 10의 요인에 의해 분자 디 메 틸 methylphosphonate 어떻게 일관 된 진동의 진폭을 향상 1500 nm 펄스를 사용 하 여 여기에 대 한 설명 (DMMP)에 측정 이온 수익률에 선물이. 파장 변환에 대 한 광학 매개 변수 증폭기 (OPA)의 설립을 통해 기존 펌프-프로브 설정에서이 프로토콜을 구현할 수 있습니다.

분자 DMMP21 에 대 한 결과 표시 됩니다. 그림 3 0 1500 nm 펌프와 8 x 1013 되 고 800 nm 프로브 펄스의 최대 농도와 시간 지연 및 8 x 10에서 각각12 W c m-2를 찍은 DMMP 질량 스펙트럼을 보여준다. 참고로, 펌프 펄스만 찍은 질량 스펙트럼도 표시 됩니다. 스펙트럼은 평균된 10000 이상의 레이저 샷 (총 수집 시간 12 s). 이온 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

선물이 초고속 진동 일관성 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온을 분자 분리를 프로 빙에 대 한 프로토콜.

Polyatomic 급진적인 양이온으로 강한 분야 단 열 이온화에 초고속 진동 일관성의 측정

We present a pump-probe method for preparing vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations and probing their ultrafast dynamics. By shifting the ...

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6.8K 조회수.  Virginia Commonwealth University. 선물이 초고속 진동 일관성 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온을 분자 분리를 프로 빙에 대 한 프로토콜.

비디오: Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

In this study we evaluated a method for the characterization of complexes, formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to dicysteinyl tetrapeptide, by electrospray ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry. This strategy is based on previous successful characterization of mercury-dicysteinyl complexes involving tripeptides by utilizing mass spectrometry among other techniques. Mercury(II) chloride and a dicysteinyl tetrapeptide were incubated in a degassed buffered medium at varying stoichiometric ratios. The complexes formed were subsequently analyzed on an electrospray mass spectrometer consisting of a hybrid linear ion- and orbi- trap mass analyzer. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectra were acquired in the positive mode and the observed peaks were then analyzed for distinct mercury isotopic distribution patterns and associated monoisotopic peak. This work demonstrates that an accurate stoichiometry of mercury and peptide in the complexes formed under specified electrospray ionization conditions can be determined by using high resolution ESI MS based on distinct mercury isotopic distribution patterns.

A Study of the Complexation of MercuryII with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The characterization of complexes formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to dicysteinyl tetrapeptides by electrospray ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry is presented.

전자 분무 이온화 질량 분석에 의해 Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides와 수은 (II)의 복합체 형성에 관한 연구

In this study we evaluated a method for the characterization of complexes, formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to dicysteinyl tetrapeptide, ...

연구

화학

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

A standardized technique for atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers using perylene as a visible-light photocatalyst is presented. The procedure is performed under an inert atmosphere using air- and water-exclusion techniques. The outcome of the polymerization is affected by the ratios of monomer, initiator, and catalyst used as well as the reaction concentration, solvent, and nature of the light source. Temporal control over the polymerization can be exercised by turning the visible light source off and on. Low dispersities of the resultant polymers as well as the ability to chain-extend to form block copolymers suggest control over the polymerization, while chain end-group analysis provides evidence supporting an atom-transfer radical polymerization mechanism.

A method for the atom transfer radical polymerization of functionalized vinyl monomers using perylene as a visible-light photocatalyst is described.

가시광 광촉매 페 릴렌 사용 관능 비닐 모노머의 원자 이동 라디칼 중합

A standardized technique for atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers using perylene as a visible-light photocatalyst is presented. The ...

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb explosion imaging setup in which a hitherto-impractical camera angle is realized. In our imaging technique, diatomic molecules are irradiated with a circularly polarized strong laser pulse. The ejected atomic ions are accelerated perpendicularly to the laser propagation. The ions lying in the laser polarization plane are selected through the use of a mechanical slit and imaged with a high-throughput, 2-dimensional detector installed parallel to the polarization plane. Because a circularly polarized (isotropic) Coulomb exploding pulse is used, the observed angular distribution of the ejected ions directly corresponds to the squared rotational wave function at the time of the pulse irradiation. To create a real-time movie of molecular rotation, the present imaging technique is combined with a femtosecond pump-probe optical setup in which the pump pulses create unidirectionally rotating molecular ensembles. Due to the high image throughput of our detection system, the pump-probe experimental condition can be easily optimized by monitoring a real-time snapshot. As a result, the quality of the observed movie is sufficiently high for visualizing the detailed wave nature of motion. We also note that the present technique can be implemented in existing standard ion imaging setups, offering a new camera angle or viewpoint for the molecular systems without the need for extensive modification.

We present a protocol for creating a real-time movie of a molecular rotational wave packet using a high-resolution Coulomb explosion imaging setup.

레이저 기반 초고속 분자 회전의 직접 이미징

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb ...

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

In recent years, a push for developing novel silicon photonic devices for telecommunications has generated a vast knowledge base that is now being leveraged for developing sophisticated photonic sensors. Silicon photonic sensors seek to exploit the strong confinement of light in nano-waveguides to transduce changes in physical state to changes in resonance frequency. In the case of thermometry, the thermo-optic coefficient, i.e., changes in refractive index due to temperature, causes the resonant frequency of the photonic device such as a Bragg grating to drift with temperature. We are developing a suite of photonic devices that leverage recent advances in telecom compatible light sources to fabricate cost-effective photonic temperature sensors, which can be deployed in a wide variety of settings ranging from controlled laboratory conditions, to the noisy environment of a factory floor or a residence. In this manuscript, we detail our protocol for the fabrication and testing of photonic thermometers.

We describe the process of fabrication and testing of photonic thermometers.

제조 및 광 온도계의 테스트

In recent years, a push for developing novel silicon photonic devices for telecommunications has generated a vast knowledge base that is now being ...

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to the gas phase, and efficiently transferred to a detection system. Fizzy extraction takes advantage of the effervescence phenomenon. First, a carrier gas (here, carbon dioxide) is dissolved in the sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. Second, the sample chamber is decompressed abruptly. Decompression leads to the formation of numerous carrier gas bubbles in the sample liquid. These bubbles assist the release of the dissolved analyte species from the liquid to the gas phase. The released analytes are immediately transferred to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ionizable analyte species give rise to mass spectrometric signals in the time domain. Because the release of the analyte species occurs over short periods of time (a few seconds), the temporal signals have high amplitudes and high signal-to-noise ratios. The amplitudes and areas of the temporal peaks can then be correlated with concentrations of the analytes in the liquid samples subjected to fizzy extraction, which enables quantitative analysis. The advantages of fizzy extraction include: simplicity, speed, and limited use of chemicals (solvents).

Fizzy extraction is a new laboratory technique for analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds. A carrier gas is dissolved in the liquid sample by applying overpressure and stirring the sample. The sample chamber is then decompressed. The analyte species are liberated to the gas phase due to effervescence.

Chemical analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds dissolved in liquid samples can be challenging. The dissolved components need to be brought to ...

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry

There are many techniques that can be employed in the characterization of synthetic homopolymers, but few provide as useful of information for end group analysis as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This tutorial demonstrates methods for optimization of the sample preparation, spectral acquisition, and data analysis of synthetic polymers using MALDI-TOF MS. Critical parameters during sample preparation include the selection of the matrix, identification of an appropriate cationization salt, and tuning the relative proportions of the matrix, cation, and analyte. The acquisition parameters, such as mode (linear or reflector), polarization (positive or negative), acceleration voltage, and delay time, are also important. Given some knowledge of the chemistry involved to synthesize the polymer and optimizing both the data acquisition parameters and the sample preparation conditions, spectra should be obtained with sufficient resolution and mass accuracy to enable the unambiguous determination of the end groups of most homopolymers (masses below 10,000) in addition to the repeat unit mass and the overall molecular weight distribution. Though demonstrated on a limited set of polymers, these general techniques are applicable to a much wider range of synthetic polymers for determining mass distributions, though end group determination is only possible for homopolymers with narrow dispersity.

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

A protocol for the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) characterization of synthetic polymers is described including the optimization of sample preparation, spectral acquisition, and data analysis.

매트릭스를 통해 합성 고분자의 특성화 지원 레이저 탈 착 이온화 시간의 비행 (TOF MALDI) 질량 분석

There are many techniques that can be employed in the characterization of synthetic homopolymers, but few provide as useful of information for end group ...

An Efficient Sample Preparation Method to Enhance Carbohydrate Ion Signals in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Sample preparation is a critical process in mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of carbohydrates. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS is the method of choice in carbohydrate analysis, poor ion signal and data reproducibility of carbohydrate samples continue to be severe problems. For quantitative analysis of carbohydrates, an effective analytical protocol providing superior data quality is necessary. This video demonstrates sample preparation protocols to improve signal intensity and minimize data variation of carbohydrates in MALDI-MS. After drying and crystallization of sample droplets, the crystal morphology is reformed by methanol before mass spectrometric analysis. The enhancement in carbohydrate signal is examined with MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Experimental results show that crystal reformation adjusts crystalline structures and redistributes carbohydrate analytes. In comparison with the dried droplet preparation method in conventional MALDI-MS, reforming carbohydrate crystal morphologies with methanol shows significantly better signal intensity, ion image distribution, and data stability. Since the protocols demonstrated herein do not involve changes in sample composition, they are generally applicable to various carbohydrates and matrixes.

A protocol for enhancing carbohydrate ion signals in MALDI mass spectrometry by reforming crystalline structures during sample preparation processes is demonstrated.

매트릭스 보조 레이저 탈 착/이온화 질량 분석에서 탄수화물 이온 신호를 강화 하는 효율적인 샘플 준비 방법

Sample preparation is a critical process in mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of carbohydrates. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ...

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to diversify the fiber choices in the United States body armor market, copolymer fibers based on the combination of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (PBIA) and the more conventional PPTA were introduced. Little is known regarding the long-term stability of these fibers, but as condensation polymers, they are expected to have potential sensitivity to moisture and humidity. Therefore, characterizing the strength of the materials and understanding their vulnerability to environmental conditions is important for evaluating their use lifetime in safety applications. Ballistic resistance and other critical structural properties of these fibers are predicated on their strength. To accurately determine the strength of the individual fibers, it is necessary to disentangle them from the yarn without introducing any damage. Three aramid-based copolymer fibers were selected for the study. The fibers were washed with acetone followed by methanol to remove an organic coating that held the individual fibers in each yarn bundle together. This coating makes it difficult to separate single fibers from the yarn bundle for mechanical testing without damaging the fibers and affecting their strength. After washing, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on both washed and unwashed samples and the results were compared. This experiment has shown that there are no significant variations in the spectra of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) and PBIA-co-PPTA3 after washing, and only a small variation in intensity for PBIA. This indicates that the acetone and methanol rinses are not adversely affecting the fibers and causing chemical degradation. Additionally, single fiber tensile testing was performed on the washed fibers to characterize their initial tensile strength and strain to failure, and compare those to other reported values. Iterative procedural development was necessary to find a successful method for performing tensile testing on these fibers.

The primary goal of the study is to develop a protocol to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high strength copolymer aramid fibers, by removing a coating and disentangling the individual fiber strands without introducing significant chemical or physical degradation.

그들의 기계적 특성의 결정 수 있도록 고 강도 공중 합체 Aramid 섬유 disentangling

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single nanometer-scale pore. The signal is characteristic of the molecule&#39;s physicochemical properties and its interactions with the pore. We demonstrate that the nanopore formed by the bacterial protein exotoxin Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (&#945;HL) can detect polyoxometalates (POMs, anionic metal oxygen clusters), at the single molecule limit. Moreover, multiple degradation products of 12-phosphotungstic acid POM (PTA, H3PW12O40) in solution are simultaneously measured. The single molecule sensitivity of the nanopore method allows for POMs to be characterized at significantly lower concentrations than required for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique could serve as a new tool for chemists to study the molecular properties of polyoxometalates or other metallic clusters, to better understand POM synthetic processes, and possibly improve their yield. Hypothetically, the location of a given atom, or the rotation of a fragment in the molecule, and the metal oxidation state could be investigated with this method. In addition, this new technique has the advantage of allowing the real-time monitoring of molecules in solution.&#160;

Here, we present a protocol to detect discrete metal oxygen clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs), at the single molecule limit using a biological nanopore-based electronic platform. The method provides a complementary approach to traditional analytical chemistry tools used in the study of these molecules.

단일 금속 나노 입자의 고분해능 물리적 특성화

Individual molecules can be detected and characterized by measuring the degree by which they reduce the ionic current flowing through a single ...

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near infrared (near-IR) transitions, because it can overcome the low sensitivity of spontaneous Raman spectrometers in the near-IR region. Here, we describe technical details of a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR multiplex stimulated Raman spectrometer that we have recently developed. A description of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and calibration and correction of recorded data is provided as well. We present an application of our spectrometer to analyze the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene solution. A C=C stretch band of &#946;-carotene in the second lowest excited singlet (S2) state and the lowest excited singlet (S1) state is clearly observed in the recorded time-resolved stimulated Raman spectra. The femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer is applicable to the structural dynamics of &#960;-conjugate systems from simple molecules to complex materials.

Details of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and data handling for a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer are described. A near infrared stimulated Raman study on the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene is shown as a representative application.

기능성 π-컨쥬게이트 시스템의 초고속 시간 해결 근거리 자극 라만 측정

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near ...