Name: surgical techniques to optimize ovarian reserve during laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometrioma
Uploaded: 2022-01-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma at JoVE.com

The patient described provided written informed consent for the use and publication of medical data, operative video, and related images for educational and scientific purposes. The following protocol adheres to the human research ethics committee guidelines of Montefiore Medical Center and New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation.
Due to limitations of the available raw recording, not every step in the protocol could be fully documented in the video on this patient.
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<ol>
	<li>Dunselman, G. A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ESHRE+guideline:+Management+of+women+with+endometriosis.">ESHRE guideline: Management of women with endometriosis.</a> Human Reproduction. 29 (3), 400-412 (2014).</li><li>Chapron, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+management+of+deeply+infiltrating+endometriosis:+an+update.">Surgical management of deeply infiltrating endometriosis: an update.</a> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1034, 326-337 (2004).</li><li>Macer, M. L., Taylor, H. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis+and+infertility.+A+review+of+the+pathogenesis+and+treatment+of+endometriosis-associated+infertility.">Endometriosis and infertility. A review of the pathogenesis and treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 39 (4), 535-549 (2012).</li><li>Schenken, R. S., Asch, R. H., Williams, R. F., Hodgen, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Etiology+of+infertility+in+monkeys+with+endometriosis:+Measurement+of+peritoneal+fluid+prostaglandins.">Etiology of infertility in monkeys with endometriosis: Measurement of peritoneal fluid prostaglandins.</a> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 150 (4), (1984).</li><li>Raffi, F., Metwally, M., Amer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+excision+of+ovarian+endometrioma+on+ovarian+reserve:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">The impact of excision of ovarian endometrioma on ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (9), 3146-3154 (2012).</li><li>Kasapoglu, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometrioma-related+reduction+in+ovarian+reserve+(ERROR):+a+prospective+longitudinal+study.">Endometrioma-related reduction in ovarian reserve (ERROR): a prospective longitudinal study.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 110 (1), 122-127 (2018).</li><li>Toya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Moderate+and+severe+endometriosis+is+associated+with+alterations+in+the+cell+cycle+of+granulosa+cells+in+patients+undergoing+in+vitro+fertilization+and+embryo+transfer.">Moderate and severe endometriosis is associated with alterations in the cell cycle of granulosa cells in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 73 (2), (2000).</li><li>Pal, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+varying+stages+of+endometriosis+on+the+outcome+of+in+vitro+fertilization-embryo+transfer.">Impact of varying stages of endometriosis on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.</a> Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 15 (1), (1998).</li><li>Hornstein, M. D., Barbieri, R. L., McShane, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+previous+ovarian+surgery+on+the+follicular+response+to+ovulation+induction+in+an+in+vitro+fertilization+program.">Effects of previous ovarian surgery on the follicular response to ovulation induction in an in vitro fertilization program.</a> Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist. 34 (4), (1989).</li><li>Morcos, R. N., Gibbons, W. E., Findley, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+peritoneal+fluid+on+in+vitro+cleavage+of+2-cell+mouse+embryos:+Possible+role+in+infertility+associated+with+endometriosis.">Effect of peritoneal fluid on in vitro cleavage of 2-cell mouse embryos: Possible role in infertility associated with endometriosis.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 44 (5), (1985).</li><li>Holoch, K. J., Lessey, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis+and+infertility.">Endometriosis and infertility.</a> Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 53 (2), 429-438 (2010).</li><li>Younis, J. S., Shapso, N., Fleming, R., Ben-Shlomo, I., Izhaki, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+unilateral+versus+bilateral+ovarian+endometriotic+cystectomy+on+ovarian+reserve:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Impact of unilateral versus bilateral ovarian endometriotic cystectomy on ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Human Reproduction Update. 25 (3), 375-391 (2019).</li><li>Busacca, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsurgical+ovarian+failure+after+laparoscopic+excision+of+bilateral+endometriomas.">Postsurgical ovarian failure after laparoscopic excision of bilateral endometriomas.</a> American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 195 (2), 421-425 (2006).</li><li>Tsolakidis, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+on+ovarian+reserve+after+laparoscopic+ovarian+cystectomy+versus+three-stage+management+in+patients+with+endometriomas:+a+prospective+randomized+study.">The impact on ovarian reserve after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus three-stage management in patients with endometriomas: a prospective randomized study.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 94 (1), 71-77 (2010).</li><li>Tsoumpou, I., Kyrgiou, M., Gelbaya, T. A., Nardo, L. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+surgical+treatment+for+endometrioma+on+in+vitro+fertilization+outcomes:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">The effect of surgical treatment for endometrioma on in vitro fertilization outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 92 (1), 75-87 (2009).</li><li>Medeiros, L. R. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopy+versus+laparotomy+for+benign+ovarian+tumour.">Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for benign ovarian tumour.</a> Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2), (2009).</li><li>Jacobson, T. Z., Duffy, J. M. N., Barlow, D., Koninckx, P. R., Garry, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+surgery+for+pelvic+pain+associated+with+endometriosis.+[Review]+[36+refs][Update+in+Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev.+2014;8:CD001300;+PMID:+25130257],+[Update+of+Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev.+2001;(4):CD001300;+PMID:+11687104].">Laparoscopic surgery for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. [Review] [36 refs][Update in Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;8:CD001300; PMID: 25130257], [Update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001300; PMID: 11687104].</a> The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. , (2009).</li><li>Carmona, F., Mart&#237;nez-Zamora, M. A., Rabanal, A., Mart&#237;nez-Rom&#225;n, S., Balasch, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+cystectomy+versus+laser+vaporization+in+the+treatment+of+ovarian+endometriomas:+A+randomized+clinical+trial+with+a+five-year+follow-up.">Ovarian cystectomy versus laser vaporization in the treatment of ovarian endometriomas: A randomized clinical trial with a five-year follow-up.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 96 (1), (2011).</li><li>Hart, R. J., Hickey, M., Maouris, P., Buckett, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Excisional+surgery+versus+ablative+surgery+for+ovarian+endometriomata.">Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata.</a> Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2), (2008).</li><li>Vignali, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+excision+of+ovarian+endometriomas:+Does+it+truly+impair+ovarian+reserve?+Long+term+anti-M&#252;llerian+hormone+(AMH)+changes+after+surgery.">Surgical excision of ovarian endometriomas: Does it truly impair ovarian reserve? Long term anti-M&#252;llerian hormone (AMH) changes after surgery.</a> Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 41 (11), 1773-1778 (2015).</li><li>Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Revised+American+Society+for+Reproductive+Medicine+classification+of+endometriosis.">Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 67 (5), 817-821 (1997).</li><li>Adamson, G. D., Pasta, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis+fertility+index:+the+new,+validated+endometriosis+staging+system.">Endometriosis fertility index: the new, validated endometriosis staging system.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 94 (5), 1609-1615 (2010).</li><li>Endometriosis and infertility Committee. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis+and+infertility:+A+committee+opinion.">Endometriosis and infertility: A committee opinion.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 98 (3), (2012).</li><li>Miller, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+endometrioma+treatment+paradigm+when+fertility+is+desired:+A+systematic+review.">The endometrioma treatment paradigm when fertility is desired: A systematic review.</a> Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 28 (3), 575-586 (2021).</li><li>Muzii, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histologic+analysis+of+specimens+from+laparoscopic+endometrioma+excision+performed+by+different+surgeons:+Does+the+surgeon+matter.">Histologic analysis of specimens from laparoscopic endometrioma excision performed by different surgeons: Does the surgeon matter.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 95 (6), (2011).</li><li>Kotlyar, A., Gingold, J., Shue, S., Falcone, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+salpingectomy+on+ovarian+function.">The effect of salpingectomy on ovarian function.</a> Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 24 (4), 563-578 (2017).</li></ol>

Patients with diagnosed endometriosis commonly report pain or implant-related organ dysfunction, including infertility. Up to 50% of patients with endometriosis meet criteria for infertility23. Ovarian reserve, measured via AMH levels, FSH levels around menses or an antral follicle count, is used to predict patient response to gonadotropin stimulation. Surgical management of endometrioma is known to decrease ovarian reserve23. However, ovarian reserve continues to decline i...

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition defined by ectopic endometrial tissue1. Patients with endometriosis commonly present with pain-related complaints and organ dysfunction related to the site of ectopic implantation, which may be anywhere in the body though is typically within the pelvis2,3. Ovarian endometrioma, in which a cyst of endometriosis forms within the ovary, contributes to subfertility by multiple means, including depletion of the ovarian follicle pool, promoting an inflammatory environment, progesterone resistance, and impaired ovum release and capture4. Affected patients frequently have diminished ovarian reserve upon presentation, and the follicle pool is further depleted following surgery5,6. Cyclic bleeding in sites with ectopic endometrial tissue leads to inflammation and significant adhesions, which may impair ovum pick-up and transport, fertilization, and embryo passage7,8,9. The abnormal inflammatory environment may also impair folliculogenesis and early embryonic development10,11.
At a practical surgical level, the resultant adhesions frequently obliterate normally avascular surgical planes, placing patients at elevated risk of prolonged operative times, blood loss, and surgical injury. Surgical management of patients desiring future fertility presents additional challenges, most notably risk of iatrogenic damage to the tubes and ovaries, compromising tubal patency or ovarian reserve12,13,14. However, surgical resection of endometriosis also presents a unique opportunity to potentially diagnose, evaluate, and treat identified lesions, including optimizing fertility15.
We detail our approach to the treatment of ovarian endometriomas in patients desiring future fertility. We strongly favor a laparoscopic approach over laparotomy for enhanced post-operative results, including less pain, shorter hospital stay, and quicker recovery16. This protocol prioritizes excision of ovarian endometrioma over drainage and ablation as it provides a more favorable outcome with respect to cyst recurrence, pain recurrence, and spontaneous pregnancies17,18,19,20. Additionally, it allows for the specimen retrieval for histology. We excise ovarian endometrioma via a stripping technique with limited electrosurgical energy application. Nonetheless, many specialized tools have been described for the management of ovarian endometrioma and multiple acceptable surgical approaches exist for patients desiring future fertility. Regardless of any specific technique employed, the considerations and surgical principles described in this protocol are applicable to all patients with endometriosis desiring fertility-optimizing surgery.
The protocol described below was employed for the care of a 32-year-old woman with chronic pelvic pain and histologically proven endometriosis identified during a prior laparoscopy, during which endometriosis was incompletely resected. She endorsed pain refractory to the first-line medical management and was interested in future fertility, although had not actively attempted spontaneous conception. She was deemed a candidate for minimally invasive surgical resection and underwent an exam under anesthesia, diagnostic laparoscopy, lysis of adhesions, ovarian cystectomy, chromopertubation, and salpingectomy. Her surgery and recovery were uncomplicated.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic laparoscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1L bag 0.9% NaCl solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Suction irrigation, hemostasis, lysis of adhesions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-10% povidone-iodine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sterile prep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol for skin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sterile prep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% chlorhexidine gluconate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sterile prep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5mm laparoscopic trocar and sleeve x 3</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>ONB5STF</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12mm laparoscopic trocar and sleeve</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>ONB12STF</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy and larger size facilitates specimen retrieval bag</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 insufflator</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>620-040-504</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 insufflator tubing</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>620-030-201</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrosurgical generator</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>VLFT10GEN</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foley kit and urometer bag</td>
			<td>Bard</td>
			<td>153214</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic scope, 5mm 0 degree</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>WA4KL500</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic scope, 5mm 30 degree</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>WA4KL530</td>
			<td>Diagnostic laparoscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic suction irrigation pool tip</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-070-406</td>
			<td>Suction irrigation, hemostasis, lysis of adhesions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>StrykeFlow II suction irrigator</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-070-500</td>
			<td>Suction irrigation, hemostasis, lysis of adhesions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suction tubing</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-070-403</td>
			<td>Suction irrigation, hemostasis, lysis of adhesions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suction/vacuum source</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Suction irrigation, hemostasis, lysis of adhesions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cystectomy and Salpingectomy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mm tissue retrieval bag</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>173050G</td>
			<td>Specimen retrieval bag to be used in 12mm laparoscopic trocar site</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atraumatic laparoscopic bowel graspers</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-080-319</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Cord</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-040-016</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endopeanut laparoscopic retractor</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>173019</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harmonic ACE +7 ultrasonic shears</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>HARH23</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic bipolar grasping forceps</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>38951 MD</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic curved Metzenbaum scissors</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-080-267</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic generator unit</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>GEN11</td>
			<td>Lysis of adhesions, cystectomy, salpingectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vasopressin solution (20 units in 50 to 100cc of injectable saline)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cystectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chromopertubation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mg methylene blue in 150mL 0.9% NaCl solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Pigmented solution for chromopertubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZUMI uterine manipulator/injector</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical</td>
			<td>ZSI1151</td>
			<td>Chromopertubation, diagnostic laparoscopy, lysis of adhesions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostatic agents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arista absorbable hemostatic particles 3g</td>
			<td>Bard Davol</td>
			<td>SM0002-USA</td>
			<td>Hemostatic agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Floseal gelatin thrombin matrix 5ml</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>ADS201844</td>
			<td>Hemostatic agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mm tissue retrieval bag</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>173050G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arista absorbable hemostatic particles 3g</td>
			<td>Bard Davol</td>
			<td>SM0002-USA</td>
			<td>Hemostatic agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atraumatic laparoscopic bowel graspers</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-080-319</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endopeanut laparoscopic retractor</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>173019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Floseal gelatin thrombin matrix 5ml</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>ADS201844</td>
			<td>Hemostatic agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harmonic ACE +7 ultrasonic shears</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>HARH23</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic bipolar grasping forceps</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>38951 MD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic curved Metzenbaum scissors</td>
			<td>Stryker</td>
			<td>250-080-267</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methylene blue 10mg in 150mL 0.9% NaCl solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For chromopertubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZUMI uterine manipulator/injector</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical</td>
			<td>ZSI1151</td>
			<td>For uterine manipulation and chromopertubation</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

surgical techniques to optimize ovarian reserve during laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometrioma

Surgical management of ovarian endometrioma in patients desiring fertility is complicated by the need to balance maximal resection of disease with efforts to spare normal ovarian cortex. Optimization of tubal anatomy is another frequent consideration. Fertility-sparing laparoscopic techniques at the time of cystectomy for ovarian endometrioma seek to limit iatrogenic surgical damage to the ovarian cortex and strategically assess and respond to genital tract patency. Surgical candidates frequently desire relief from endometriosis-associated pain while also seeking to optimize spontaneous or assisted conception rates. Operative benefits include potential for surgical and histopathologic diagnosis of endometriosis, evaluation of genital tract patency, and treatment of visualized lesions. Resection of ovarian endometrioma nonetheless poses significant risks, including surgical injury, blood loss, post-surgical decline in ovarian reserve and post-operative inflammation with adhesion formation, both of which may impair folliculogenesis.
We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with known endometriosis and continued pain refractory to medical management who opted for surgical management of her disease tailored toward optimizing her chances at future conception. Using this case as an example, we describe techniques and considerations for diagnostic laparoscopy, adhesiolysis, ovarian cystectomy, chromopertubation, and salpingectomy with a focus on maintaining a fertility-preserving approach.

Table 1 shows results of our patient example. Total operation time was 251 min from anesthetic induction to extubation, with an estimated blood loss of 200 mL. The recovery period was uncomplicated. As she desired future pregnancy remote from the time of surgery, she began oral contraceptives. Histopathological examination revealed a right hydrosalpinx with paratubal cyst, bilateral endometriomas (4.5 cm and 3.7 cm), and ovarian tissue.
The surgery utilized a combination of fe...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma at JoVE.com

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

This protocol presents techniques to laparoscopically excise ovarian endometrioma, to perform adhesiolysis with sparing electrosurgical application, and to employ intraoperative chromopertubation to assess for genital tract patency. This systematic approach will facilitate optimal endometriosis management, guide concomitant adnexal surgeries, and enhance post-surgical fertility outcomes.

Surgical management of ovarian endometrioma in patients desiring fertility is complicated by the need to balance maximal resection of disease with efforts ...

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