Establishment and Culture of Patient-Derived Breast Organoids

Podsumowanie

A detailed protocol is provided here for establishing human breast organoids from patient-derived breast tumor resections or normal breast tissue. The protocol provides comprehensive step-by-step instructions for culturing, freezing, and thawing human patient-derived breast organoids.

Streszczenie

Breast cancer is a complex disease that has been classified into several different histological and molecular subtypes. Patient-derived breast tumor organoids developed in our laboratory consist of a mix of multiple tumor-derived cell populations, and thus represent a better approximation of tumor cell diversity and milieu than the established 2D cancer cell lines. Organoids serve as an ideal in vitro model, allowing for cell-extracellular matrix interactions, known to play an important role in cell-cell interactions and cancer progression. Patient-derived organoids also have advantages over mouse models as they are of human origin. Furthermore, they have been shown to recapitulate the genomic, transcriptomic as well as metabolic heterogeneity of patient tumors; thus, they are capable of representing tumor complexity as well as patient diversity. As a result, they are poised to provide more accurate insights into target discovery and validation and drug sensitivity assays. In this protocol, we provide a detailed demonstration of how patient-derived breast organoids are established from resected breast tumors (cancer organoids) or reductive mammoplasty-derived breast tissue (normal organoids). This is followed by a comprehensive account of 3D organoid culture, expansion, passaging, freezing, as well as thawing of patient-derived breast organoid cultures.

Wprowadzenie

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring malignancy in females, with 287,850 new cases estimated to be diagnosed in the United States in 2022¹. Despite the recent advances in early detection with annual screenings, targeted therapies, and a better understanding of genetic predisposition, it prevails to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States, with >40,000 deaths attributed to breast cancer annually¹. Breast cancer is currently classified into multiple subtypes based on histopathological and molecular evaluation of the primary tumor. Better subtype stratification has impro....

Protokół

Tumor resections from breast cancer patients, along with the distal and adjacent normal tissue, were obtained from Northwell Health in accordance with Institutional Review Board protocols IRB-03-012 and IRB 20-0150, and with written informed consent from the patients.

NOTE: All procedures mentioned below were performed in a mammalian tissue culture BSL2 room designated for patient samples upon approval of the biosafety committee. All procedures should be performed following safety protocols maintaining aseptic conditions in biosafety cabinets. Each centrifugation step is performed at room temperature (RT) unless stated otherwise. Tissue/org....

Wyniki

We have established a biobank of patient-derived breast tumor organoids comprising various subtypes¹¹. Additionally, we have established multiple normal breast organoid lines derived from reductive mammoplasty tissue samples or adjacent/distal normal breast from BC patients using the approach outlined in Figure 1.

The various patient-derived breast tumor organoid lines differ in their morphology (Figure 2) and .......

Dyskusje

Our lab has successfully employed the above protocols to establish organoids from naïve tumor resections or scrapings. We have also utilized this protocol to develop normal organoids from breast tissue obtained via reductive mammoplasties or from cancer patients' adjacent or distal normal breast tissue. About 30%-40% of the resected primary tumors resulted in successful long-term (>passage 8) tumor organoid cultures. The tumor organoid lines that tapered off after a few passages either had an outgro.......

Materiały

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
15 mL conical tubes	VWR	525-1068
175 cm2 tissue culture flask	VWR (Corning)	29185-308
37 °C bead bath
37 °C CO2 incubator
50 mL conical tubes	VWR	525-1077
50 mL vacuum filtration system (0.22 µm Filter)	Millipore Sigma	SCGP00525	SCGP00525
500 mL Rapid-Flow Filter Unit, 0.2 µm aPES membrane, 75 mm diameter	Nalgene	566-0020
6-well culture plates	Greiner Cellstar	82050-842
75 cm2 tissue culture flask	VWR (Corning)	29185-304
96-well opaque plates	Corning	353296	For CTG assay
A83-01	Tocris	2939
Advanced DMEM/F12	Gibco	12634-010
B-27 supplement	Life Technologies	12587010
BioTek Synergy H4 Hybrid Microplate Reader	Fisher Scientific (Agilent)		For dual luciferase assay and CTG assay
BSA fraction V (7.5%)	Thermo Fisher	15260037
Cell Titer-Glo (CTG) Reagent	Promega	G9683	luminescent cell viability assay
Centrifuge	Eppendorf	5804
Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum	Millipore Sigma	C5138	Type IV
Cryolabels	Amazon	DTCR-1000	Direct Thermal Cryo-Tags, White, 1.05 x 0.5"
Cryovials	Simport Scientific Inc.	T311-1
Countess 3 Automated Cell Counter	Thermo Fisher	AMQAX2000
DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate	Thermo Fisher (Gibco)	11995040
Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System	Promega	E1910
Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (1X)	Gibco	14190-144	DPBS
Epidermal growth factor (hEGF)	Peprotech	AF-100-15
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)	Corning	35-010-CV
FGF-10 (human)	Peprotech	100-26
FGF-7/KGF (human)	Peprotech	100-19
GlutaMax	Life Technologies	35050061
HEK293T cells	ATCC	CRL-3216	For TOPFlash Assay
HEK293T-HA-Rspondin1-Fc cells	R&D Systems	3710-001-01	Cultrex HA-R-Spondin1-Fc 293T Cells
HEPES	Life Technologies	15630-080
Heregulinβ-1 (human)	Peprotech	100-03
Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Basement Membrane Matrix	Corning	356231	Phenol-red free, LDEV-free; basement membrane matrix
Mr. Frosty Cell Freezing Container	Thermo Fisher	5100-0001
Mycoplasma detection kit	Lonza	LT07-418
N-acetyl-l-cysteine	Millipore Sigma	A9165
Nalgene Rapid-Flow Sterile Disposable Filter Units with PES Membranes	Thermo Fisher	166-0045
Nicotinamide	Millipore Sigma	N0636
Noggin (human)	Peprotech	120-10C
P1000, P200, P10 pipettes with tips
p38 MAPK inhibitor (p38i) SB 202190	Millipore Sigma	S7067
Parafilm			transparent film
Penicillin-Streptomycin	Life Technologies	15140122
Plasmid1: pRL-SV40P	Addgene	27163
Plasmid2: M51 Super 8x FOPFlash	Addgene	12457
Plasmid3: M50 Super 8x TOPFlash	Addgene	12456
pluriStrainer 200 µm	pluriSelect	43-50200-01
Primocin	Invivogen	ANT-PM-1
Recovery Cell Culture Freezing Medium	Thermo Fisher (Gibco)	12648-010	cell freezing medium
Red Blood Cell lysis buffer	Millipore Sigma	11814389001
R-spondin conditioned media	In-house or commercial from Peprotech	120-38
Scalpel (No.10)	Sklar Instruments	Jun-10
Shaker (Incu-shaker Mini)	Benchmark	H1001-M
TGF-β receptor inhibitor A 83-01	Tocris	2939
Trypan Blue Stain (0.4%)	Gibco	15250-061
TrypLE Express Enzyme (1X), phenol red	Life Technologies	12605028	cell dissociation reagent
X-tremeGENE 9 DNA transfection reagent	Millipore Sigma	6365779001
Y-27632 Dihydrochloride (RhoKi)	Abmole Bioscience	Y-27632
Zeocin	Thermo Fisher	R25001