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Fourth Military Medical University

7 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Neuroscience

Study Glial Cell Heterogeneity Influence on Axon Growth Using a New Coculture Method

Han-peng Xu^1,2, Lin Gou^3,4, Hong-Wei Dong³

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, UCLA, ²Basic Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical University, ³Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, ⁴Aerospace Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical Univeristy

In this protocol, we described a new method to study the influence of glial cell heterogeneity on axon growth with an in vitro co-culture system. Rat cortical glial cells were cultured to confluence and cocultured with highly purified rat dorsal root ganglia neurons. Different glial cell influence on neurons adhesion and axon growth was compared directly in the same culture. This method provides a new way to directly study the glial cell heterogeneity influence on neuron adhesion and axon growth.

JoVE Journal

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure

Honghui Mao^*1,2, Xiuchao Wang^*1,3, Wen Chen⁴, FengYu Liu⁵, You Wan⁵, Sanjue Hu¹, Junling Xing^1,6

¹Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, ²Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, ShanXi Medical University, ³Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, ⁴Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, ⁵Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, ⁶Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University

Single-fiber recording is an effective electrophysiological technique that is applicable to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Along with the preparation of intact DRG with the attached sciatic nerve, the mechanism of conduction failure is examined. Both protocols improve the understanding of the peripheral nervous system's relationship with pain.

Medicine

A New Best Practice for Validating Tail Vein Injections in Rat with Near-infrared-Labeled Agents

Muzamil Saleem^*1,2,3, Andrea M. Stevens^*1,2,3, Brooke Deal^1,2,3, Lu Liu^3,4, Jelena Janjic^3,4, John A. Pollock^1,2,3

¹Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, ²Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, ³Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, ⁴Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University

Here we present a method to validate tail vein injections in rats by utilizing near-infrared fluorescence imaging data from dyes incorporated into agents or biological probes. The tail is imaged before and after the injection, the fluorescent signal is quantified, and an assessment of the injection quality is made.

Behavior

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Yunlong Huang¹, Minghu Jiang¹, Qian Guo², Yuling Wang¹, Fan-Pei Gloria Yang³

¹Center for Psychology and Cognitive Science, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, ²Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, ³Center for Cognition and Mind Sciences, Lab for Language and Cognitive Neurology, National TsingHua University

We present a protocol to dissociate the intertwining factors of integrative difficulty and unexpectedness in semantically anomalous sentences by applying multiple repetitions to enhance participant's expectancy for anomalous sentences. The dissociation helps to investigate the major contributor of elicited event-related potentials (ERP) effects such as N400 in language studies.

Behavior

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Yuling Wang¹, Minghu Jiang¹, Xinyi Xu¹, Yunlong Huang²

¹Center for Psychology and Cognitive Science, Lab of Computational Linguistics, Tsinghua University, ²Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University

We present a protocol to explore the relative activation sequence of phonology and semantics in visual word recognition. The results show that consistent with interactive accounts, semantic and phonological representations may be processed interactively, and higher-level linguistic representations may affect early processing.

Immunology and Infection

Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226

Yang Xie^*1, Yuan Zhang^*2, Yitian Liu³, Yuling Wang⁴, Kun Cheng⁴, Ran Zhuang⁴, Ka Bian¹

¹Otolaryngological Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, ²Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, ³Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, ⁴Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), implicated in type 2 inflammation, mainly participate in response to helminth infection, allergic diseases, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair. In this study, a procedure to isolate ILC2s from murine nasal mucosa and detect the expression of CD226 is demonstrated.

Biology

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Shu-Juan Xing^1,2, Kai-Chao Zhang^2,3, Si-Yuan Tang^2,4, Lu Liu^2,5, Yuan Cao^2,5, Chen-Xi Zheng², Bing-Dong Sui², Yan Jin^2,3

¹College of Life Science, Northwest University, ²State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, ³Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, ⁴School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, ⁵Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University

The present protocol describes the differential centrifugation for isolating and characterizing representative EVs (exosomes and microvesicles) from cultured human MSCs. Further applications of these EVs are also explained in this article.