Este projecto foi apoiado pelo National Institutes of Health Grants HL087088 (MK) e HL18208 (MK).

1. Isolamento de linfócitos T humanos <ol><li> Obter sangue humano a partir de um doador saudável. Permitir que o sangue esfriar até a temperatura ambiente (~ 30 min) antes de prosseguir para a próxima etapa. </li><li> Suavemente pipeta de 3 mL de temperatura ambiente Polymorph media gradiente de densidade em um tubo de poliestireno 8 mL de fundo redondo. Delicadamente adicionar 3 mL de sangue total em cima da mídia Polymorph. É importante evitar a mistura dos dois reagentes. </li><li> Centrifugar os tubos a 500 xg por 45 minutos em temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Após a centrifugação, as células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC) já separado de outros componentes do sangue para a camada de células superior. A camada de PBMC aparece, de cima para baixo, como a primeira banda nublado. </li><li> Remova cuidadosamente a fase de cor amarela clara superior do sangue, acima da camada de PBMC, e então usar uma micropipeta P1000 para transferir a camada CMSP para um mL 15 mL ou 50 tubo cônico. </li><li> Lave o PBMC duas vezes com PBS, centrifugação a 500 xg células por 5 minutos cada tempo. O sobrenadante será um pouco nublado depois de cada lavagem. </li></ol> 2. Cultura de linfócitos humanos T <ol><li> Com uma pipeta, transferir o CMSP para um balão T-75 da cultura em 20 mL de mídia RPMI 1640 contendo 10% FBS, 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina, e 1 mg / mL fitohemaglutinina (PHA). </li><li> Incubar a 37 ° C e 5% CO 2 por pelo menos uma hora, e até 24 horas. Esta etapa permite que os monócitos, que será aderente à superfície balão, ser separada da linfócitos que permanecem em suspensão. Se um de incubação curto (1 hora) é usado nesta etapa, é aceitável a utilização de meios RPMI 1640 contendo 10% FBS e 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina, sem suplementação com PHA, conforme especificado no passo 2.1. </li><li> Remova cuidadosamente toda a mídia do frasco, adicione-o a um tubo cônico de 50 mL, e centrifugar a 500 xg por 5 minutos. </li><li> Ressuspender o pellet celular, que agora contém principalmente linfócitos, as células e transferência para um balão T-75 novo contendo 25 mL de mídia RPMI 1640 contendo 10% FBS, 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina, e 1 mg / mL PHA. </li><li> Incubar a 37 ° C por 3 dias (2 dias se a incubação inicial de PBMC foi durante a noite). Após 24 horas de crescimento, pode ser necessário adicionar mL 15-20 de mídia fresco e transferir para um maior T-175 frasco. </li><li> Após 3 dias, use uma pipeta para remover a mídia e os linfócitos suspenso a partir do frasco e transferir para um tubo cônico de 50 mL. Centrifugar a 500 xg por 5 minutos. </li><li> Ressuspender o pellet celular e células transferir para um balão T-75 ou T-175 nova contendo 25 mL (T-75) ou 50 mL (T-175) RPMI 1640 com 10% de FBS, 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina, e 20 ng / mL humana IL-2 ou IL-15. </li><li> Crescer linfócitos para 4-7 dias. Se começar com um frasco de T-75, a cultura terá de ser ampliado e transferido para um balão T-175, após 1-2 dias. </li></ol> 3. Ensaio in vitro de migração de linfócitos <ol><li> Um dia antes do ensaio de migração, um casaco com fundo de vidro prato de 0,17 milímetros, com 20 Protein mcg / ml A ou G, em PBS overnight a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lavar o prato extensivamente com PBS. </li><li> Imobilizar ICAM-1/Fc humano (10 mg / mL) e humanos SDF-1 (2 mg / mL), adicionando estes reagentes em solução PBS para o prato e incubação de quatro horas à temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Prepare linfócitos T pela primeira determinação da densidade de células em cultura no frasco T-175 utilizando um hemocitômetro. Cerca de 2-5 x 10 5 células deve ser usado por prato para conseguir uma densidade celular adequada para a análise de migração. </li><li> Lavar linfócitos T duas vezes com PBS e, em seguida ressuspender em 1 mL L-15 meios contendo 1 mg / mL D-glicose. </li><li> Lavar o prato revestido com ICAM-1/Fc e SDF-1 extensivamente com PBS. </li><li> Transferência de linfócitos T em 1 mL de mídia para o prato e mantê-las a 37 ° C. </li></ol> 4. Capturar uma seqüência de imagem usando NIS Elements Software <ol><li> Abra NIS Elements software. </li><li> No menu de configurações da câmera, escolha &quot;binning 2x2&quot; como o modo para ambas imagens ao vivo e captura de imagem. </li><li> Vá ao menu Aplicações e escolha Definir / Run Experiment. </li><li> Escolher o comprimento de tempo entre as imagens eo comprimento total da seqüência de captura de imagem. </li><li> Pressione o botão &quot;Executar&quot; para começar a aquisição da imagem. </li><li> As células podem ser rastreados e os parâmetros de migração (velocidade, comprimento do caminho, deslocamento, etc) quantificados usando um dos vários pacotes de software, incluindo ImageJ, Autoquant ou Volocity (Figura 1). </li><li> Para gerar um &quot;complô teia de aranha&quot;, o coordenadas xy para cada célula e timepoint são coletados (Figura 2) e projetada em um gráfico com um ponto de partida comum para cada célula na origem (Figura 3). </li></ol> 5. Resultados representante No dia 6 de cultura na presença de ambos os linfócitos IL-2 ou IL-15, Tcompõem&gt; 98% de células, conforme determinado pela coloração CD3 positivos, bem como CD4 positivos e / ou CD8 coloração. Para IL-2, encontramos 83% CD4 + células, 15% CD8 + e &lt;1% CD4 + CD8 +. Para IL-15, encontramos 88% CD4 + células, 11% CD8 + e &lt;1% CD4 + CD8 +. Durante a migração de linfócitos T em ICAM-1/SDF-1 substratos, as células apresentaram uma velocidade de aproximadamente 15 mm / min, que pode ser sustentado ao longo de um período de tempo de 1 hora. Migração de linfócitos T em ICAM-1/SDF-1 é dependente de LFA-1 mediada por adesão, como um anti-LFA-1-ligante bloqueio anticorpo inibe fortemente a migração. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2017/2017fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Rastreamento de celular de migração de linfócitos T. Linfócitos T isolados do sangue total e cultivadas na presença de IL-2 ou IL-15 para seis dias foram autorizados a aderir e migrar em pratos de vidro de fundo revestido com 10 mg / mL ICAM-1 e 2 mg / mL SDF-1. Imagens foram obtidas a cada 10 segundos por 30 minutos. As células foram identificadas em cada imagem e monitorados ao longo do tempo usando o software Volocity. Este filme mostra a migração aleatória de linfócitos T a uma velocidade de ~ 15 mm / min. <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/2017/2017_Kim_Movie1.mov">Clique aqui para ver o vídeo.</a> Filme de rastreamento Cell 1. Migrando de linfócitos T. Linfócitos T isolados do sangue total e cultivadas na presença de IL-2 ou IL-15 para seis dias foram autorizados a aderir e migrar em pratos de vidro de fundo revestido com 10 mg / mL ICAM-1 e 2 mcg / mL SDF-1 . Imagens foram obtidas a cada 10 segundos por 30 minutos. As células foram identificadas em cada imagem e monitorados ao longo do tempo usando o software Volocity. Este filme mostra a migração aleatória de linfócitos T a uma velocidade de ~ 15 mm / min. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2017/2017fig2.jpg" alt="Figura 2" /> Figura 2. Spatiotemporal posição da célula. As coordenadas XY de cada célula foram obtidos para cada ponto de tempo usando software Volocity. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2017/2017fig3.jpg" alt="Figura 3" /> Figura 3. &quot;Spider enredo web.&quot; Usando o XYT coordenadas para cada célula, 15 células foram escolhidos aleatoriamente e plotados com um ponto de partida comum na origem. Comparando parcelas teia de aranha dá uma representação visual rápida das diferenças na migração entre diferentes condições experimentais. Parcelas para migração de linfócitos T em condições controle (painel esquerdo) e na presença de um anti-LFA-1 anticorpo ligando-blocking (painel direito).

<ol>
	<li>Hyun, Y. M., Chung, H. L., McGrath, J. L., Waugh, R. E., Kim, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+integrin+VLA-4+localizes+to+the+lamellipodia+and+mediates+t+cell+migration+on+VCAM-1.">Activated integrin VLA-4 localizes to the lamellipodia and mediates t cell migration on VCAM-1.</a> J Immunol. 183, 359-369 (2009).</li><li>Morin, N. A., Oakes, P. W., Hyun, Y. M., Lee, D., Chin, Y. E., King, M. R., Springer, T. A., Shimaoka, M., Tang, J. X., Reichner, J. S., Kim, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonmuscle+myosin+heavy+chain+IIA+mediates+integrin+LFA-1+de-adhesion+during+T+lymphocyte+migration.">Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA mediates integrin LFA-1 de-adhesion during T lymphocyte migration.</a> The Journal of experimental medicine. 205, 195-205 (2008).</li><li>Hyun, Y. M., Lefort, C. T., Kim, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukocyte+integrins+and+their+ligand+interactions.">Leukocyte integrins and their ligand interactions.</a> Immunologic research. , (2009).</li></ol>

Não há conflitos de interesse declarados.

Neste experimento, nós fornecemos detalhes sobre um sistema simples para analisar a motilidade do principal linfócitos T humanos. Ensaios de migração in vitro têm sido usadas para dissecar os papéis de muitas moléculas e vias de sinalização envolvidas na locomoção de vários tipos de células. Alguns controles fundamentais para manter em mente ao projetar sua própria experiência de nosso protocolo incluem: 1) não-adesiva ou não-integrina revestimentos adesivos, substratos tais como album...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
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<td>RPMI 1640</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>11875</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
<td>SH300070.03</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>15140</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>1-Step Polymorphs</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Accurate Chemical</td>
<td>AN221725</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PHA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Remel/Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>R30852801</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Rec. human IL-2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
<td>202-IL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Rec. human IL-15</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
<td>247-IL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Protein G</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>19459</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
<td>720-IC</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rec. human SDF-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
<td>350-NS</td>
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human t lymphocyte isolation, culture and analysis of migration in vitro

A migração de linfócitos T envolve a interação adesivo de integrinas da superfície celular com ligantes expressos em outras células ou com proteínas da matriz extracelular. A ativação das integrinas preciso espaço-temporal de um estado de baixa afinidade para um estado de alta afinidade no limite da célula líder é importante para a migração de linfócitos T<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;. Da mesma forma, a retração da borda das células à direita, ou uropod, é um passo necessário na manutenção persistente integrina-dependente motilidade linfócitos T<sup&gt; 2</sup&gt;. Muitas abordagens terapêuticas para auto-imunes ou inflamatórias integrinas doenças-alvo, como forma de inibir o recrutamento excessivo e migração dos leucócitos<sup&gt; 3</sup&gt;. Para estudar os eventos moleculares que regulam a migração de linfócitos T humanos, nós utilizamos um<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Sistema para analisar a migração de células em um substrato bidimensional que imita o ambiente que um linfócito T encontra durante o recrutamento da vasculatura. Linfócitos T são os primeiros isolados de doadores humanos e são, então, estimulado e cultivado por sete a dez dias. Durante o ensaio, os linfócitos T estão autorizados a aderir e migrar sobre um substrato revestido com uma molécula de adesão intercelular (ICAM-1), um ligante de integrina LFA-1, eo fator-1 de células derivadas do estroma (SDF-1). Nossos dados mostram que os linfócitos T apresentam uma velocidade de migração de ~ 15 mm / min. Migração de linfócitos T podem ser inibidos pelo bloqueio integrina<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt; Ou por inibidores da máquina actomyosin celular que regula a migração celular<sup&gt; 2</sup&gt;.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro at JoVE.com

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

Migração de linfócitos T ocorre durante homing para órgãos linfóides, saia do vasculatura, e entrando em tecidos periféricos. Aqui, nós descrevemos um protocolo que pode ser usado para analisar migração de linfócitos T<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt;.

Isolamento T de linfócitos humanos, Cultura e Análise da Migração In Vitro</em

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular ...

human-t-lymphocyte-isolation-culture-analysis-migration

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

46.1K visualizações.  University of Rochester. Migração de linfócitos T ocorre durante homing para órgãos linfóides, saia do vasculatura, e entrando em tecidos periféricos. Aqui, nós descrevemos um protocolo que pode ser usado para analisar migração de linfócitos T In vitro.

Vídeo: Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most commonly utilizing two plasmids with one expressing the piggyBac transposase enzyme and a transposon plasmid harboring the gene(s) of interest between inverted repeat elements which are required for gene transfer activity. PiggyBac mediates gene transfer through a "cut and paste" mechanism whereby the transposase integrates the transposon segment into the genome of the target cell(s) of interest. PiggyBac has demonstrated efficient gene delivery activity in a wide variety of insect1,2, mammalian3-5, and human cells6 including primary human T cells7,8. Recently, a hyperactive piggyBac transposase was generated improving gene transfer efficiency9,10.
Human T lymphocytes are of clinical interest for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer11. Of note, the first clinical trial involving transposon modification of human T cells using the Sleeping beauty transposon system has been approved12. We have previously evaluated the utility of piggyBac as a non-viral methodology for genetic modification of human T cells. We found piggyBac to be efficient in genetic modification of human T cells with a reporter gene and a non-immunogenic inducible suicide gene7. Analysis of genomic integration sites revealed a lack of preference for integration into or near known proto-oncogenes13. We used piggyBac to gene-modify cytotoxic T lymphocytes to carry a chimeric antigen receptor directed against the tumor antigen HER2, and found that gene-modified T cells mediated targeted killing of HER2-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model14. We have also used piggyBac to generate human T cells resistant to rapamycin, which should be useful in cancer therapies where rapamycin is utilized15.
Herein, we describe a method for using piggyBac to genetically modify primary human T cells. This includes isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human blood followed by culture, gene modification, and activation of T cells. For the purpose of this report, T cells were modified with a reporter gene (eGFP) for analysis and quantification of gene expression by flow cytometry.
PiggyBac can be used to modify human T cells with a variety of genes of interest. Although we have used piggyBac to direct T cells to tumor antigens14, we have also used piggyBac to add an inducible safety switch in order to eliminate gene modified cells if needed7. The large cargo capacity of piggyBac has also enabled gene transfer of a large rapamycin resistant mTOR molecule (15 kb)15. Therefore, we present a non-viral methodology for stable gene-modification of primary human T cells for a wide variety of purposes.

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

We describe a method to genetically modify primary human T cells with a transgene using the non-viral piggyBac transposon system. T cells modified to using the piggyBac transposon system exhibit stable transgene expression.

piggyBac modificação do sistema Transposon de células T primárias Humanos

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Human skin has an important barrier function and contains various immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from pathogens. As the skin is relatively easy to access, it provides an ideal platform to study peripheral immune regulatory mechanisms. Immune resident cells in healthy skin conduct immunosurveillance, but also play an important role in the development of inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis. Despite emerging insights, our understanding of the biology underlying various inflammatory skin diseases is still limited. There is a need for good quality (single) cell populations isolated from biopsied skin samples. So far, isolation procedures have been seriously hampered by a lack of obtaining a sufficient number of viable cells. Isolation and subsequent analysis have also been affected by the loss of immune cell lineage markers, due to the mechanical and chemical stress caused by the current dissociation procedures to obtain single cell suspension. Here, we describe a modified method to isolate T cells from both healthy and involved psoriatic human skin by combining mechanical skin dissociation using an automated tissue dissociator and collagenase treatment. This methodology preserves expression of most immune lineage markers such as CD4, CD8, Foxp3 and CD11c upon the preparation of single cell suspensions. Examples of successful CD4+ T cell isolation and subsequent phenotypic and functional analysis are shown.

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

We describe a protocol to efficiently isolate skin resident T cells from human skin biopsies. This protocol yields sufficient numbers of viable human skin resident lymphocytes for flow cytometric analysis and ex vivo culture.

Isolamento de linfócitos da pele humana para análise fenotípica e<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Cultura de Células

Human skin has an important barrier function and contains various immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from pathogens. As the ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of cognate antigen presented on MHC class II. The cytokine signals present in the environment at the time of TCR activation are a major factor in determining the effector fate of a na&#239;ve CD4+ T cell. Although the cytokine environment during na&#239;ve T cell activation may be complex and involve both redundant and opposing signals in vivo, the addition of various cytokine combinations during naive CD4+ T cell activation in vitro can readily promote the establishment of effector T helper lineages with hallmark cytokine and transcription factor expression. Such differentiation experiments are commonly used as a first step for the evaluation of targets believed to promote or inhibit the development of certain CD4+ T helper subsets. The addition of mediators, such as signaling agonists, antagonists, or other cytokines, during the differentiation process can also be used to study the influence of a particular target on T cell differentiation. Here, we describe a basic protocol for the isolation of na&#239;ve T cells from mouse and the subsequent steps necessary for polarizing na&#239;ve cells to various T helper effector lineages in vitro.

Mouse Na&amp;#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells polarize to various subsets depending on the environment at the time of activation. The differentiation of na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells to various effector subsets can be achieved in vitro through the addition of T cell receptor stimuli and specific cytokine signals.

Rato Naïve CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Isolamento de células T e<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Diferenciação em subpopulações de células T

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral tissues through an as-yet undefined mechanism. The application of multiphoton microscopy to the study of the immune system provides a tool to measure the dynamics of immune responses within intact tissues. Here we present a protocol for non-invasive intravital multiphoton imaging of CD4 T cells in the inflamed mouse ear dermis. Use of a custom imaging platform and a venous catheter allows for the visualization of CD4 T cell dynamics in the dermal interstitium, with the ability to interrogate these cells in real-time via the addition of blocking antibodies to key molecular components involved in motility. This system provides advantages over both in vitro models and surgically invasive imaging procedures. Understanding the pathways used by CD4 T cells for motility may ultimately provide insight into the basic function of CD4 T cells as well as the pathogenesis of both autoimmune diseases and pathology from chronic infections.

The mechanisms that govern the interstitial motility of CD4 effector T cells at sites of inflammation are relatively unknown. We present a non-invasive approach to visualize and manipulate in vitro-primed CD4 T cells in the inflamed ear dermis, allowing for study of the dynamic behavior of these cells in situ.

Migração intersticial imagens de células CD4 T na derme inflamadas

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

Citometria de fluxo e assassinas naturais celular Lytic Actividade em sangue total humano

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Isolamento e Citometria de Fluxo Analysis of Human Endocervical Gama Cells Delta T

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Lymphocyte extravasation into the central nervous system (CNS) is critical for immune surveillance. Disease-related alterations of lymphocyte extravasation might result in pathophysiological changes in the CNS. Thus, investigation of lymphocyte migration into the CNS is important to understand inflammatory CNS diseases and to develop new therapy approaches. Here we present an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier to study lymphocyte extravasation. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are confluently grown on a porous polyethylene terephthalate transwell insert to mimic the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier. Barrier function is validated by zonula occludens immunohistochemistry, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements as well as analysis of evans blue permeation. This model allows investigation of the diapedesis of rare lymphocyte subsets such as CD56brightCD16dim/- NK cells. Furthermore, the effects of other cells, cytokines and chemokines, disease-related alterations, and distinct treatment regimens on the migratory capacity of lymphocytes can be studied. Finally, the impact of inflammatory stimuli as well as different treatment regimens on the endothelial barrier can be analyzed.

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Here, we describe a human blood-brain barrier model enabling to investigate lymphocyte transmigration into the central nervous system in vitro.

Análise de Linfócitos extravasamento Usando um<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Modelo do Sangue-Cérebro humano Barreira

Lymphocyte extravasation into the central nervous system (CNS) is critical for immune surveillance. Disease-related alterations of lymphocyte ...

Quantifying Human Monocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro and Murine Lymphocyte Trafficking In Vivo

Chemotaxis is migration along a specific chemical gradient1. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cellular trafficking with anatomic and temporal specificity2. Chemotaxis is a critical function of lymphocytes and other immune cells that can be quantitatively assessed in vitro. This manuscript describes methods that permit the evaluation of chemotaxis, both in vitro and in vivo, for diverse cell types including cell lines and native cells. The in vitro, plate-based format permits the comparison of several conditions simultaneously in real-time, and can be completed within 1-4 h. In vitro assay conditions can be manipulated to introduce agonists and antagonists, as well as differentiate chemotaxis from chemokinesis, which is random movement. For in vivo trafficking assessments, immune cells can be labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes and used for adoptive transfer. The differential labeling of cells allows for mixed cell populations to be introduced into the same animal, thereby decreasing variance and reducing the number of animals required for an adequately powered experiment. Migration into lymphoid tissue occurs in as little as 1 h, and multiple tissue compartments can be sampled. Flow cytometry following tissue harvest allows for a rapid and quantitative analysis of the migratory patterns of multiple cell types.

Quantifying Human Monocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro and Murine Lymphocyte Trafficking In Vivo

Protocols for quantitative assessment of lymphocyte chemotaxis and migration are important tools for immunology research. Here, an in vitro protocol is described that permits real-time, multiplexed evaluation of cell migration, as well as a complementary in vivo technique enabling tracking of native cells to spleen.

Quantificar o humano Monocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro e linfócitos murino tráfico Vivo

Chemotaxis is migration along a specific chemical gradient1. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cellular trafficking with anatomic and ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and their important role in lung development and function, as well as their lung-localized responses to infection and inflammation. To date, no unified method for identification, isolation, and handling of alveolar macrophages from humans and mice exists. Such a method is needed for studies on these important innate immune cells in various experimental settings. The method described here, which can be easily adopted by any laboratory, is a simplified approach to harvesting alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or from lung tissue and maintaining them in vitro. Because alveolar macrophages primarily occur as adherent cells in the alveoli, the focus of this method is on dislodging them prior to harvest and identification. The lung is a highly vascularized organ, and various cell types of myeloid and lymphoid origin inhabit, interact, and are influenced by the lung microenvironment. By using the set of surface markers described here, researchers can easily and unambiguously distinguish alveolar macrophages from other leukocytes, and purify them for downstream applications. The culture method developed herein supports both human and mouse alveolar macrophages for in vitro growth, and is compatible with cellular and molecular studies.

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

This communication describes methodologies for isolation and culture of alveolar macrophages from humans and murine models for experimental purposes.

Isolamento e cultura In Vitro de macrófagos alveolares murino e humanos

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, MZBs must migrate up the shear force of blood flow. We present here a method for analyzing this flow-induced MZB migration in vitro. First, MZBs are isolated from the mouse spleen. Second, MZBs are settled on integrin ligands in flow chamber slides, exposed to shear flow, and imaged under a microscope while migrating. Third, images of the migrating MZBs are processed using the MTrack2 automatic cell tracking plugin for ImageJ, and the resulting cell tracks are quantified using the Ibidi chemotaxis tool. The migration data reveal how fast the cells move, how often they change direction, whether the shear flow vector affects their migration direction, and which integrin ligands are involved. Although we use MZBs, the method can easily be adapted for analyzing migration of any leukocyte that responds to the force of shear flow.

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) respond to the force of shear flow by re-orienting their migration path up the flow. This protocol shows how to record and analyze the migration using a fluidics unit, pump, microscope imaging system, and free software.

Análise de cisalhamento induzida pelo fluxo de migração de murino Marginal Zone B células In Vitro

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, ...