Os autores agradecem Pascal Paschenda e Mareike Schulz para a sua assistência técnica.

<ol>
	<li>Puhl, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+viscosity+histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate+graft+flush+improves+subsequent+extended+cold+storage+in+University+of+Wisconsin+solution+in+an+extracorporeal+rat+liver+perfusion+and+rat+liver+transplantation+model.">Low viscosity histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate graft flush improves subsequent extended cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution in an extracorporeal rat liver perfusion and rat liver transplantation model.</a> Liver Transpl. 12, 1841-1849 (2006).</li><li>Yagi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+Preservation+and+Microcirculation+with+POLYSOL+After+Partial+Liver+Transplantation+in+Rats.">Improved Preservation and Microcirculation with POLYSOL After Partial Liver Transplantation in Rats.</a> J Surg Res. 167, e375-e383 (2011).</li><li>Engemann, R., Ulrichs, K., Thiede, A., Muller-Ruchholtz, W., Hamelmann, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Value+of+a+physiological+liver+transplant+model+in+rats.+Induction+of+specific+graft+tolerance+in+a+fully+allogeneic+strain+combination.">Value of a physiological liver transplant model in rats. Induction of specific graft tolerance in a fully allogeneic strain combination.</a> Transplantation. 33, 566-568 (1982).</li><li>Sumimoto, R., Shinomiya, T., Yamaguchi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+hepatic+arterial+blood+flow+in+rats+with+liver+transplants.+Examination+of+donor+liver-derived+serum+class+I+MHC+antigen+in+rats+with+liver+transplants+with+or+without+hepatic+arterial+reconstruction.">Influence of hepatic arterial blood flow in rats with liver transplants. Examination of donor liver-derived serum class I MHC antigen in rats with liver transplants with or without hepatic arterial reconstruction.</a> Transplantation. 51, 1138-1139 (1991).</li><li>Chaland, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+with+hepatic+artery+anastomoses.+Hemodynamics+and+response+to+hemorrhage+in+conscious+rats.">Orthotopic liver transplantation with hepatic artery anastomoses. Hemodynamics and response to hemorrhage in conscious rats.</a> Transplantation. 49, 675-678 (1990).</li><li>Imamura, H., Rocheleau, B., Cote, J., Huet, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+consequence+of+rat+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+with+and+without+hepatic+arterial+reconstruction:+a+clinical,+pathological,+and+hemodynamic+study.">Long-term consequence of rat orthotopic liver transplantation with and without hepatic arterial reconstruction: a clinical, pathological, and hemodynamic study.</a> Hepatology. 26, 198-205 (1997).</li><li>Zhong, Z., Theruvath, T. P., Currin, R. T., Waldmeier, P. C., Lemasters, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIM811,+a+mitochondrial+permeability+transition+inhibitor,+prevents+mitochondrial+depolarization+in+small-for-size+rat+liver+grafts.">NIM811, a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor, prevents mitochondrial depolarization in small-for-size rat liver grafts.</a> Am. J. Transplant. 7, 1103-1111 (2007).</li><li>Spiegel, H. U., Palmes, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+techniques+of+orthotopic+rat+liver+transplantation.">Surgical techniques of orthotopic rat liver transplantation.</a> J. Invest. Surg. 11, 83-96 (1998).</li><li>Lee, S., Charters, A. C., Chandler, J. G., Orloff, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">A technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 16, 664-669 (1973).</li><li>Lee, S., Charters, A. C., Orloff, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+technic+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Simplified technic for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Am. J. Surg. 130, 38-40 (1975).</li><li>Kamada, N., Calne, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.+Technique+using+cuff+for+portal+vein+anastomosis+and+biliary+drainage.">Orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Technique using cuff for portal vein anastomosis and biliary drainage.</a> Transplantation. 28, 47-50 (1979).</li><li>Howden, B., Jablonski, P., Grossman, H., Marshall, V. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+importance+of+the+hepatic+artery+in+rat+liver+transplantation.">The importance of the hepatic artery in rat liver transplantation.</a> Transplantation. 47, 428-431 (1989).</li><li>Gao, W., Lemasters, J. J., Thurman, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+new+method+for+hepatic+rearterialization+in+rat+orthotopic+liver+transplantation.+Reduction+of+liver+injury+and+improvement+of+surgical+outcome+by+arterialization.">Development of a new method for hepatic rearterialization in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Reduction of liver injury and improvement of surgical outcome by arterialization.</a> Transplantation. 56, 19-24 (1993).</li><li>Zhao, D., Zimmermann, A., Wheatley, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphometry+of+the+liver+after+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat:+significance+of+an+intact+arterial+supply.">Morphometry of the liver after liver transplantation in the rat: significance of an intact arterial supply.</a> Hepatology. 17, 310-317 (1993).</li><li>Omura, T., Ascher, N. L., Emond, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fifty-percent+partial+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Fifty-percent partial liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 62, 292-293 (1996).</li><li>Lehmann, T. G., Bunzendahl, H., Langrehr, J. M., Neuhaus, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arterial+reconstruction+in+rat+liver+transplantation--development+of+a+new+tubing+technique+of+the+common+hepatic+artery.">Arterial reconstruction in rat liver transplantation--development of a new tubing technique of the common hepatic artery.</a> Transpl. Int. 18, 56-64 (2005).</li><li>Reck, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+arterialization+on+hepatic+oxygen+supply,+tissue+energy+phosphates,+and+outcome+after+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Impact of arterialization on hepatic oxygen supply, tissue energy phosphates, and outcome after liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 62, 582-587 (1996).</li><li>Hasuike, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+with+arterial+reconstruction+in+rats.">A simple method for orthotopic liver transplantation with arterial reconstruction in rats.</a> Transplantation. 45, 830-832 (1988).</li><li>Steffen, R., Ferguson, D. M., Krom, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+for+orthotopic+rat+liver+transplantation+with+arterial+cuff+anastomosis+to+the+recipient+common+hepatic+artery.">A new method for orthotopic rat liver transplantation with arterial cuff anastomosis to the recipient common hepatic artery.</a> Transplantation. 48, 166-168 (1989).</li><li>Knoop, M., Bachmann, S., Keck, H., Steffen, R., Neuhaus, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experience+with+cuff+rearterialization+in+600+orthotopic+liver+grafts+in+the+rat.">Experience with cuff rearterialization in 600 orthotopic liver grafts in the rat.</a> Am. J. Surg. 167, 360-363 (1994).</li><li>Hickman, R., Engelbrecht, G. H., Duminy, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+for+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">A technique for liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 48, 1080 (1989).</li><li>Liu, T., Freise, C. E., Ferrell, L., Ascher, N. L., Roberts, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+vascular+"sleeve"+anastomosis+for+rearterialization+in+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+rats.">A modified vascular "sleeve" anastomosis for rearterialization in orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.</a> Transplantation. 54, 179-180 (1992).</li><li>Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modified+sleeve+anastomosis+for+reconstruction+of+the+hepatic+artery+in+rat+liver+transplantation.">Modified sleeve anastomosis for reconstruction of the hepatic artery in rat liver transplantation.</a> Microsurgery. 22, 62-68 (2002).</li><li>Martins, P. N., Theruvath, T. P., Neuhaus, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+partial+hepatectomies.">Rodent models of partial hepatectomies.</a> Liver Int. 28, 3-11 (2008).</li><li>Russell, W. M. S., Burch, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. , (1992).</li></ol>

Nós não temos nenhum conflito de interesses para divulgar. Os ratos estão alojados em específico patógeno-condições livre de acordo com as diretrizes da Federação de Associações de Laboratório de Ciência Animal (FELASA). Todos os experimentos foram realizados em conformidade com a lei federal alemão em matéria de protecção dos animais e &quot;Guia para o Cuidado e Uso de Animais de Laboratório&quot; (National Institutes of Health publicação No. 86-23, revisado 1985).

O primeiro modelo de rato OLT foi relatado por Lee et al. Em 1973 9, em que todos os recipientes, incluindo a artéria hepática foram reconstruídos por um método costuradas a mão e o desvio portossistêmico extracorpórea foi utilizado. Este modelo foi tecnicamente complicado e difícil de realizar. O modelo seguinte foi um sem reconstrução da artéria hepática e da derivação extracorpórea, desenvolvido pelos mesmos autores 10 em 1975. Posteriormente, em 1979, Kamada et al. Introduziu a técnica de anastomose manguito para o modelo sem rearterialization hepática 11. Com estas modificações, OLT em ratos foi simplificada com um tempo anepática encurtado em operações ao receptor e tem sido amplamente utilizado como modelo experimental. No entanto, tem havido uma considerável controvérsia uma vez que, em seguida, sobre o significado de arterialização hepática em ratos OLT 8 porque a arterialização foi uma tarefa exigente, mas did não afeta a sobrevivência após o transplante. Numerosos estudos sobre arterialização hepática utilizando técnicas de reconstrução várias foram relatadas 8, tal como uma anastomose do segmento de aorta 3,9,17-aórtico, uma técnica de anastomose cuff 18,19,20, uma técnica telescópica 5, uma técnica de stent 13, 16, e uma técnica de anastomose manga 12,21-23. Embora a técnica de OLT rato ainda não está padronizado hoje, o modelo arterializado tem sido cada vez mais favorecida em termos de sua superioridade fisiológica 8,12,13,14. Entre as técnicas acima mencionadas, uma técnica de stent que é simples e rápido de executar foi relatada por Lehmann et al. 16 em 2005. O estudo mostrou excelentes resultados: não foi observado grau de oclusão na artéria hepática reconstruído menos 8 h, 24 h, e 6 meses após a reperfusão. Por isso, adotou essa técnica para arterialização hepática. Nós desempenhoma anastomose costurado à mão para a reconstrução do SHVC e IHVC. Este método fornece o local da anastomose, com uma óptima condição fisiológica, o que leva à redução da incidência de trombose 8, e é o melhor simulação microcirurgia e de formação para os cirurgiões. Além disso, a anastomose pode ser possível mesmo com cotos dos vasos pequenos. No que diz respeito a anastomose de IHVC, este método não requer um IHVC longo do lado de enxerto em comparação com a técnica de anastomose manguito. Portanto, quando a veia renal doador é dissecada para fazer o enxerto IHVC tempo, este método é aplicável para o transplante de um enxerto que precisa de uma pequena IHVC longo, tal como um enxerto de 30%, que é constituída por lóbulos laterais direito e caudado com um curto intrahepática veia cava sem SHVC 2. Em relação às técnicas de ressecção hepática em ratos, até hoje vários métodos têm sido relatados, as duas principais técnicas são a técnica de ligadura clássica massae a técnica de vaso-orientado 24. Realizamos a técnica clássica para a ligadura ressecção hepática de 50% de 15, mas com um microscópio cirúrgico, para tornar o procedimento mais finas, e para evitar danos nos lobos remanescentes e estruturas. Descrevemos os resultados representativos dos ratos receptores no nosso modelo, os ratos sobreviveram durante o período de observação de 7 dias sem complicações aparentes. O modelo pode ser modificado para fins diferentes de experiências, escolhendo as configurações diferentes, como o armazenamento frio prolongado, isquemia quente prolongado que inclui a doação após a morte cardíaca, ea utilização de enxertos menores de fígado ou enxertos de modelos experimentais de lesão hepática ou doenças. Em nossa experiência, há três fatores-chave em todo os procedimentos que podem afetar a sobrevivência após o transplante, o parâmetro mais confiável para os resultados de OLT rato: a quantidade de perda de sangue, o tempo de operação, os eespecialmente tempo de pinçamento da veia porta e IHVC; ea adequação da reconstrução de cada navio, o que poderia resultar em trombose, estenose, ou sangramento. Em um período de treinamento deste modelo, a maioria das falhas provavelmente poderia estar relacionada a esses fatores. Neste artigo de vídeo, apresentamos passo-a-passo para os procedimentos cirúrgicos para o nosso modelo do rato de OLT parcial com reconstrução arterial hepática. Enquanto um modelo do rato de OLT é complicado e requer habilidades avançadas de microcirurgia, este artigo fornece uma abundância de informações práticas, que deve servir como um bom guia para a formação e aprendizagem deste modelo. Aprender este modelo eficaz é particularmente importante para a redução do período de aprendizagem, a redução do número de animais e dos custos necessários para a prática, e mais tarde reproduzir resultados fiáveis ​​em experiências. Isto está em linha com o conceito 3R (substituição, redução e refinamento) dos experimentos com animais, o que foi postulado por Russell e Burch em1959 25.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Nome </td><td> Companhia </td><td> Número de catálogo </td><td> Comentários </td></tr><tr><td> Microscópio cirúrgico </td><td> Leica </td><td> M651 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Fonte de luz </td><td> Schott </td><td> KL1500LCD </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Cotonetes </td><td> NOBA Verbandmittel </td><td> 974202 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Compressas de gaze (5x5 cm) </td><td> Fuhrmann </td><td> 10002 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> solução de iodo-povidona </td><td> Mundipharma </td><td> 6108022.00.01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> À base de óleo de argila </td><td> Debika corporação </td><td> 090148 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TachoSil </td><td> Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH </td><td> EU/1/04/277/001-004</td><td> Aplicado a superfície ressecada do fígado </td></tr><tr><td> Lâmina de bisturi n º 11 </td><td> Pfm médica </td><td> 200130011 </td><td> Preparação da braçadeira e stents </td></tr><tr><td> Calibre 14 cateter </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 4268210S </td><td> Manguito para o PV </td></tr><tr><td> Calibre 18 cateter </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 4268130S </td><td> Perfusão através PV </td></tr><tr><td> Calibre 24 cateter </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 4269071S </td><td> Stent para BD e HA </td></tr><tr><td> Sutura de seda 4-0 </td><td> Resorba </td><td> H3F </td><td> Ressecção hepática </td></tr><tr><td> 6-0 seda </td><td> Resorba </td><td> H1F </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 7-0 Prolene (polipropileno) sutura </td><td> Ethicon </td><td> 8701H </td><td> SHVC e IHVC </td></tr><tr><td> Sutura Vicryl 4-0 </td><td> Ethicon </td><td> V304H </td><td> Fechamento abdominal </td></tr><tr><td> Seringa de 5 ml </td><td> Terumo </td><td> SS + T05ES1 </td><td> Fazer travesseiro </td></tr><tr><td> Almofada de aquecimento </td><td> Thermo </td><td> 190 x 260 mm </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Sistema de retração magnético fixador </td><td> Multa Ciência Tools Inc. </td><td> 18200-01 18200-02 18200-03 18200-12 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Banho de água fria </td><td> Huber </td><td> 740.000X </td><td> Preservação do enxerto </td></tr><tr><td> Fórceps bipolar </td><td> Soring </td><td> MBC-200 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Fórceps do mosquito </td><td> BONIMED </td><td> 451-476-03 </td><td> Dois pares utilizados </td></tr><tr><td> Adson micro fórceps </td><td> Dimeda </td><td> 10.176.12 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Milhas curvacro fórceps </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> FD281R </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Retas fórceps micro </td><td> Bonimed </td><td> 451-476-03 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Curvas microtesoura </td><td> Medicon </td><td> 05.15.83 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Retas microtesoura </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> FD12 </td><td> Incisão fina </td></tr><tr><td> Tesoura </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> BC211W </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Suporte da agulha micro </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> FD241R </td><td> Reconstrução </td></tr><tr><td> Prefeito Hegar-titular da agulha </td><td> Mizuho Ikakogyo </td><td> 06-798-00 </td><td> Fechamento abdominal </td></tr><tr><td> DeBakey Bulldog braçadeira (em linha reta) </td><td> ULRICH </td><td> CV3054 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> DeBakey Bulldog braçadeira (curvo) </td><td> CODMAN </td> &lt;td&gt; 37-1062 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Satinsky braçadeira </td><td> Mizuhoika </td><td> 09-230-24 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Grampo vascular periférica </td><td> Teleflex Medical </td><td> 353494 </td><td> Destinatário SHVC </td></tr><tr><td> Braçadeira navio Micro (descartável) </td><td> AROSurgical Instruments Corporation </td><td> TKM-1-60 g </td><td> PV, IHVC enxerto, e receptor HA </td></tr><tr><td> Braçadeira navio Micro (metal) </td><td> Multa Ciência Tools Inc. </td><td> 18052-01 </td><td> Destinatário IHVC </td></tr><tr><td> Solução de Ringer com lactato </td><td> Fresenius Kabi </td><td> 6150917.00.00 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Solução salina normal </td><td> DeltaSelect </td><td> 1299.99.99 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Solução HTK </td><td> Dr. Franz Köhler Chemie GmbH </td><td> 31268.00.00 </td><td> Solução de preservação </td></tr><tr><td> Heparina Natrium- </td><td> Ratiopharm </td><td> 5394.02.00 </td><td> 500 UI antes de perfusão do enxerto </td></tr><tr><td> Bicarbonato de sódio a 8,4% </td><td> Fresenius Kabi </td><td> 4399.97.99 </td><td> 0,5 ml após a reperfusão </td></tr><tr><td> Solução de glicose a 5% </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 6714567.06.00 </td><td> 1,0 ml após a reperfusão </td></tr><tr><td> Cefuroxima de sódio </td><td> Fresenius Kabi </td><td> 38985.01.00 </td><td> Antibiótico, 16 mg / kg </td></tr><tr><td> Buprenorfina </td><td> Essex Pharma </td><td> 997.00.00 </td><td> Analgésico, 0,1 mg / kg </td></tr><tr><td> Gaiola de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva </td><td> Brinsea Products Ltd. </td><td> Vetario S10 </td><td> Cuidados pós-operatórios </td></tr></tbody></table>

surgical procedures for a rat model of partial orthotopic liver transplantation with hepatic arterial reconstruction

O transplante hepático (OLT) em ratos usando um enxerto total ou parcial é um modelo indispensável para a pesquisa experimental de transplante, como estudos sobre a preservação do enxerto e isquemia-reperfusão 1,2 lesão, respostas imunológicas 3,4, 5,6 hemodinâmica e pequeno para a dimensão síndrome 7. A OLT rato está entre os modelos animais mais difíceis em cirurgia experimental e exige técnicas de microcirurgia avançados que levam muito tempo para aprender. Por conseguinte, a utilização deste modelo tem sido limitada. Desde a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade dos resultados são os principais componentes dos experimentos em que esses modelos animais complexos são usados, é essencial para os cirurgiões que estão envolvidos em OLT rato a ser treinados nos procedimentos de bem-padronizados e sofisticado para esse modelo. Embora várias técnicas e modificações do OLT em ratos foram descritos 8 uma vez que o primeiro modelo descreviaed por Lee et al. 9 em 1973, a eliminação da reconstrução arterial hepática 10 e da introdução da técnica de anastomose cuff por Kamada et al. 11 foram um grande avanço neste modelo, uma vez que os procedimentos de reconstrução simplificada, em grande . No modelo de Kamada et al., O rearterialization hepática foi também eliminado. Desde ratos podem sobreviver sem fluxo arterial hepática após transplante de fígado, houve uma considerável controvérsia sobre o valor de arterialização hepática. Contudo, a superioridade fisiológica do modelo arterializado tem sido cada vez mais reconhecido, especialmente em termos de conservação do sistema biliar 8,12 e a integridade hepática 8,13,14. Neste artigo, apresentamos detalhados procedimentos cirúrgicos para um modelo de rato de OLT com a reconstrução da artéria hepática utilizando um enxerto parcial de 50% após a ressecção hepática ex vivoção. Os procedimentos de reconstrução para cada navio e do ducto biliar são realizados pelos métodos seguintes: uma sutura de polipropileno 7-0 contínuo para a supra-infra e veia cava inferior, uma técnica de manga para a veia porta, e uma técnica de stent na artéria hepática e ducto biliar.

Todos os ratos destinatário (n = 20) sobreviveram sem complicações aparentes até eutanásia planeada para amostragem de sangue, 1, 3, 24 e 168 horas (7 dias) após a reperfusão portal (n = 5 em cada ponto de tempo). As amostras de sangue foram coletadas da IHVC por uma punção direta com uma agulha de calibre 27. Seguindo a centrifugação a 5340 xg durante 10 min, as amostras de soro foram obtidas e analisadas para a alanina aminotransferase (ALT), que reflectem o grau de dano hepatocelular após transplante. O curso temporal das alterações nos níveis de ALT no soro é mostrado na Figura 16. Os níveis de ALT atingiu um pico às 24 horas (média ± desvio padrão: 212,6 ± 67,9 UI / L) e, em seguida, desceu para dentro dos limites normais em 168 hr (33,6 ± 6,8 UI / L). <img alt="Figura 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig1.jpg" /> Figura 1. Uma braçadeira para a veia porta (VP) de um 14 de calibre do cateter, e stents para a artéria hepática (AH) e ducto biliar (BD) de calibre 24 cateteres. <img alt="Figura 2" fo:content-width="4in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig2highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig2.jpg" /> Figura 2. Esquema da retirada do fígado do animal doador BD, ducto biliar; HA., Artéria hepática; IHVC, infrahepatic veia cava; PV, veia porta; SHVC, supra-hepática da veia cava. <img alt="Figura 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig3.jpg" /> Figura 3. Operação doador. a. O rato é colocado sobre uma almofada de aquecimento com um sistema de retracção magnética fixador. O abdómen é aberto por uma incisão na linha média com extensões bilaterais. B. Inserção do stent dentro do canal biliar. C. Perfusão do fígado através da veia portal. As abreviaturas são explicared na Figura 2. <img alt="Figura 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig4.jpg" /> Figura 4. Fixação de um punho para a veia porta. a, b. DeBakey A braçadeira Bulldog que agarra o tronco venoso portal é colocado sobre o copo de metal. O copo está montado na caixa de plástico cheio de gelo picado. C. A veia porta é colocada através da braçadeira. D. A parede da veia portal é evertido sobre a manga com o coto da veia esplénica fora do manguito na 7 horas posição e uma extensão do punho na posição das 12 horas e.. A veia porta é fixada com um fio de seda 6-0 circunferencial no punho. As setas pretas indicam o coto da veia esplênica. <img alt="Figura 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig5.jpg" /> Figura 5. Ex vivoa inserção de um stent na artéria hepática. a. O fígado é fixado por aperto de ambas as bordas do diafragma, e a artéria hepática é puxada reta, segurando o fio ligado à artéria. b. A parede anterior da pequena incisão na artéria hepática é realizada com uma pinça rectas micro . c, d. O stent é inserido na artéria hepática e fixada com um fio de seda 6-0. <img alt="Figura 6" fo:content-width="3.5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig6highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig6.jpg" /> Figura 6. O esquema de ressecção hepática ex vivo de 50%. Lobos em cor cinza são removidos. ACL, anterior caudado do lobo; PCL, lobo caudado posterior; LLL, lobo lateral esquerda; LML, parte esquerda do lobo médio; parte, RML direito do lobo médio; SRL, lobo direito superior lateral; IRL, lobo inferior direito lateral. Figura 7. Ex vivo ressecção hepática de 50%. uma ligadura. ligadura do pedículo do lobo caudado posterior. b. do pedículo da porção esquerda do lobo mediano. c. O fígado antes da ressecção de 50%. d. O fígado após ressecção de 50%. <img alt="Figura 8" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig8.jpg" /> Figura 8. Ex vivo plastia da veia cava supra-hepática. a. O fígado é fixado por aperto as duas bordas do diafragma com a pinça de mosquitos. b. Estadia sutura com fio de polipropileno 7-0 estão ligados em ambos os cantos. <img alt="Figura 9" fo:content-width="4in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig9highres.jpg" src = &quot;files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig9.jpg /&quot; /&gt; Figura 9. Esquema de implantação do enxerto no rato receptor. Os procedimentos de reconstrução são realizados para a supra-infra e veia cava (SHVC e IHVC) com um fio de sutura 7-0 contínua, a veia porta (VP), por uma técnica de manga, e a hepática artéria (HA) e das vias biliares (BD) por uma técnica de stent. <img alt="Figura 10" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig10.jpg" /> Figura 10. Operação beneficiário até à remoção do fígado nativo. um. O abdômen é aberto por uma incisão na linha. b. A veia adrenal direita é ligada. c. nativa O fígado é extirpado. As abreviaturas são explicados na figura 2. <img alt="Figura 11" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig11.jpg" /> Figura 11. Anastomose da suprahehepáticas veia cava. a, b. O grampo vascular periférico para a veia cava supra-hepática é fixado em um pedaço de argila à base de óleo. As suturas de ancoragem em ambos os cantos são mantidos com leve tração superiolaterally para ampliar a anastomose. C. Fio intraluminal contínua da linha posterior em andamento. D. Sutura contínua da linha anterior em andamento. <img alt="Figura 12" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig12.jpg" /> Figura 12. Reconstrução da veia portal. a, b. A pinça de aperto de mosquitos da veia portal é fixa em argila à base de óleo e puxado para o hilo do fígado. cf. Inserção da bainha para dentro da veia portal. <img alt="Figura 13" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig13.jpg" /> Figura 13. Reconstrução da artéria hepática. a, b. </stron<html> g&gt; A inserção de um stent na artéria hepática receptor comum (CHA) a bifurcação da artéria hepática própria (PHA) e da artéria gastroduodenal (GDA). <img alt="Figura 14" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig14.jpg" /> Figura 14. Anastomose da veia cava infrahepatic. um Reperfusão. As suturas de ancoragem em ambos os cantos. b. sutura contínua da linha posterior. c. sutura contínua da linha anterior. d. infrahepatic da veia cava. As abreviaturas são explicados na figura 2. <img alt="Figura 15" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig15.jpg" /> Figura 15. Todos os procedimentos de reconstrução terminar. As abreviaturas são explicados na figura 2. <img alt="&lt;/ Html">&quot;Figura 16&quot; src = &quot;files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig16.jpg /&quot; /&gt; Figura 16 pós-operatória curso temporal das alterações de níveis séricos de alanina-aminotransferase (ALT) (n = 20, n = 5 em cada ponto de tempo).. Os dados são expressos como médias com barras de erro que indicam os desvios padrão. Os níveis de ALT atingiu um pico às 24 h (212,6 ± 67,9 UI / L) e, em seguida, desceu para dentro dos limites normais em 168 hr (33,6 ± 6,8 UI / L).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction at JoVE.com

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

O transplante hepático em ratos é um modelo indispensável experimental para a pesquisa biomédica. Aqui apresentamos nossos procedimentos cirúrgicos para transplante ortotópico do fígado do rato com a reconstrução da artéria hepática utilizando um enxerto parcial de 50%.

Procedimentos cirúrgicos para um modelo de rato de Transplante de Fígado parcial ortotópico com reconstrução arterial hepática

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

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Medicine

36.0K visualizações.  RWTH-Aachen University. O transplante hepático em ratos é um modelo indispensável experimental para a pesquisa biomédica. Aqui apresentamos nossos procedimentos cirúrgicos para transplante ortotópico do fígado do rato com a reconstrução da artéria hepática utilizando um enxerto parcial de 50%.

Vídeo: Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP).
The commonly used animal model for cardiovascular chronic rejection studies is the heterotopic heart transplant model performed in laboratory rodents. This model is used widely in experiments since Ono and Lindsey (3) published their technique. To analyze the findings in the blood vessels, the heart has to be sectioned and all vessels have to be measured.
Another method to investigate chronic rejection in cardiovascular questionings is the aortic transplant model (1, 2). In the orthotopic aortic transplant model, the aorta can easily be histologically evaluated (2). The PVG-to-ACI model is especially useful for CAV studies, since acute vascular rejection is not a major confounding factor and Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment does not prevent the development of CAV, similar to what we find in the clinical setting (4). A7-day period of CsA is required in this model to prevent acute rejection and to achieve long-term survival with the development of TVP.
This model can also be used to investigate acute cellular rejection and media necrosis in xenogeneic models (5).

This video demonstrates the orthotopic aortic transplant model as a simple model to study the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP) in rats.

Transplante ortotópico de aorta: um modelo de rato para estudar o desenvolvimento de vasculopatia crônica

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

Medicina

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat liver transplantation in 1979 by Kamada et al.3, this model has remained the gold standard despite various proposed alternative techniques4. Nevertheless, its broader use is limited by its steep learning curve5.
In this video paper, we show a simple and easy-to-establish revision of Kamada's two-cuff technique. The suprahepatic vena cava anastomosis is performed manually with a running suture, and the vena porta and infrahepatic vena cava anastomoses are performed utilizing a quick-linker cuff system6. Manufacturing the quick-linker kit is shown in a separate video paper.

We present an easy-to-establish revision of the classical two-cuff technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat.

Transplante hepático ortotópico experimental em ratos

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat ...

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

In acute hepatic failure auxiliary liver transplantation is an interesting alternative approach. The aim is to provide a temporary support until the failing native liver has regenerated.1-3 The APOLT-method, the orthotopic implantation of auxiliary segments- averts most of the technical problems. However this method necessitates extensive resections of both the native liver and the graft.4 In 1998, Erhard developed the heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation (HALT) utilizing portal vein arterialization (PVA) (Figure 1). This technique showed promising initial clinical results.5-6 We developed a HALT-technique with flow-regulated PVA in the rat to examine the influence of flow-regulated PVA on graft morphology and function (Figure 2).
A liver graft reduced to 30 % of its original size, was heterotopically implanted in the right renal region of the recipient after explantation of the right kidney.&#160; The infra-hepatic caval vein of the graft was anastomosed with the infrahepatic caval vein of the recipient. The arterialization of the donor&#8217;s portal vein was carried out via the recipient&#8217;s right renal artery with the stent technique. The blood-flow regulation of the arterialized portal vein was achieved with the use of a stent with an internal diameter of 0.3 mm. The celiac trunk of the graft was end-to-side anastomosed with the recipient&#8217;s aorta and the bile duct was implanted into the duodenum. A subtotal resection of the native liver was performed to induce acute hepatic failure. 7
In this manner 112 transplantations were performed. The perioperative survival rate was 90% and the 6-week survival rate was 80%. Six weeks after operation, the native liver regenerated, showing an increase in weight from 2.3&#177;0.8 g to 9.8&#177;1 g. At this time, the graft&#8217;s weight decreased from 3.3&#177;0.8 g to 2.3&#177;0.8 g.
We were able to obtain promising long-term results in terms of graft morphology and function. HALT with flow-regulated PVA reliably bridges acute hepatic failure until the native liver regenerates.

Auxiliary liver transplantation provides a temporary support in acute hepatic failure, until regeneration of the failing liver. The heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation (HALT) with portal vein arterialization (PVA) renders sufficient liver function. We developed an analogous technique in the rat, to examine the influence of the portal vein arterialization on the morphology and function of the graft.

Heterotópico Rat auxiliar Liver Transplantation com fluxo regulado Portal Vein Arterialização na Insuficiência Hepática Aguda

In acute hepatic failure auxiliary liver transplantation is an interesting alternative approach. The aim is to provide a temporary support until the ...

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model

Major hepatic surgery with inflow occlusion, and liver transplantation, necessitate a period of warm ischemia, and a period of reperfusion leading to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with myriad negative consequences. Potential I/R injury in marginal organs destined for liver transplantation contributes to the current donor shortage secondary to a decreased organ utilization rate. A significant need exists to explore hepatic I/R injury in order to mediate its impact on graft function in transplantation. Rat liver hilar clamp models are used to investigate the impact of different molecules on hepatic I/R injury. Depending on the model, these molecules have been delivered using inhalation, epidural infusion, intraperitoneal injection, intravenous administration or injection into the peripheral superior mesenteric vein. A rat liver hilar clamp model has been developed for use in studying the impact of pharmacologic molecules in ameliorating I/R injury. The described model for rat liver hilar clamp includes direct cannulation of the portal supply to the ischemic hepatic segment via a side branch of the portal vein, allowing for direct segmental hepatic delivery. Our approach is to induce ischemia in the left lateral and median lobes for 60 min, during which time the substance under study is infused. In this case, pegylated-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), a free radical scavenger, is infused directly into the ischemic segment. This series of experiments demonstrates that infusion of PEG-SOD is protective against hepatic I/R injury. Advantages of this approach include direct injection of the molecule into the ischemic segment with consequent decrease in volume of distribution and reduction in systemic side effects.

A unique rat liver hilar clamp model was developed for studying the impact of pharmacologic molecules in ameliorating ischemia-reperfusion injury. This model includes direct cannulation of the portal supply to the ischemic liver segment via a branch of the portal vein, allowing for direct hepatic delivery.

Método de entrega directa segmentos intra-hepática Usando um modelo de rato Liver Hilar Grampo

Major hepatic surgery with inflow occlusion, and liver transplantation, necessitate a period of warm ischemia, and a period of reperfusion leading to ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. To better understand the mechanism behind these surgical procedures, a rat partial liver transplantation (PLTx) model was established for relevant surgical studies. Because of the complexity of the rat PLTx model, a protocol with detailed descriptions is required. An article published previously reported a protocol in which ex vivo hepatectomy was used to achieve 50% rat PLTx. In contrast to this protocol, we introduced a re-arterialized PLTx with an in vivo 70% hepatectomy. An updated vessel-oriented hepatectomy was incorporated into the rat PLTx to refine the microsurgical procedure. The portal veins and hepatic arteries of the left lateral lobe and the median lobe were individually dissected and ligated before removal of the liver parenchyma, thereby decreasing the probability of bleeding in the remnant liver stump. Furthermore, an end-to-side vessel anastomosis between the common hepatic artery and the enlarged proper hepatic artery was introduced to re-arterialize the hepatic artery. By using this end-to-side vessel anastomosis technique, the diameter of the anastomosis was enlarged, thereby decreasing the difficulty of hand suture and maintaining a high rate of anastomotic patency. Moreover, the cuff anastomosis of the infrahepatic vena cava was slightly modified. A section of circumferential liver parenchyma around the vena cava of a recipient was preserved during cuff anastomosis to maintain the three-dimensional shape of the vascular lumen. This section of liver parenchyma was removed after completing the anastomosis. With this modification, the step involving placement of stay sutures was omitted, thereby further shortening the cuff anastomosis time. By using this protocol of rat PLTx, a low liver enzyme level, an intact liver lobular architecture and a high survival rate were achieved after microsurgery.

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Here, a protocol involving re-arterialized rat partial liver transplantation is presented. Specifically, 70% liver was resected in vivo by using an updated technique of vessel-oriented hepatectomy. The hepatic artery was reconstructed in an end-to-side manner. The cuff technique was modified to shorten the anastomosis time of the infrahepatic vena cava.

Re-Arterialized transplante de fígado parcial de rato com na vivo orientado a embarcação 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Um modelo do rato de ortotópico transplante hepático, usando uma técnica de anastomose magnético romance para reconstrução de veia Cava Suprahepatic

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of renal replacement therapy. Over the past few decades, the rat kidney transplantation model has been used to study the immunological phenomena of rejection and tolerance. This model has become an indispensable tool to test new immunomodulatory pharmaceuticals and regimens prior to proceeding with expensive preclinical large animal studies.
This protocol provides a detailed overview of how to reliably perform orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This protocol includes three distinctive steps that increase the probability of success: perfusion of the donor kidney by flushing through the portal vein and the use of a cuff system to anastomose the renal veins and ureters, thereby decreasing cold and warm ischemia times. Using this technique, we have achieved survival rates beyond 6 months with normal serum creatinine in animals with syngeneic or tolerant kidney transplants. Depending on the aim of the study, this model can be modified by pre- or posttransplant treatments to study the acute, chronic, cellular, or antibody-mediated rejection. It is a reproducible, reliable, and cost-effective animal model to study different aspects of kidney transplantation.

The purpose of this manuscript and protocol is to explain and demonstrate in detail the surgical procedure of orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This method is simplified to achieve the correct perfusion of the donor kidney and shorten the reperfusion time by using the venous and ureteral cuff anastomosis technique.

Transplante de rim de rato ortotópico: uma abordagem cirúrgica nova e simplificada

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of ...

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and detoxifying functions of the liver. In most irreversible liver damage cases, orthotropic liver transplant (OLT) remains the only available treatment. To study the therapeutic potential of a treatment for ALF, its prior testing in an animal model of ALF is essential. In the current study, an ALF model in rats was developed by combining 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) and injections of acetaminophen (APAP) that provides a therapeutic window of 48 h. The median and left lateral lobes of the liver were removed to excise 70% of the liver mass and APAP was given 24 h postsurgically for 2 days. Survival in ALF-induced animals was found to be severely decreased. The development of ALF was confirmed by altered serum levels of the enzymes alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); changes in prothrombin time (PT); and assessment of the international normalized ratio (INR). Study of the gene expression profile by qPCR revealed an increase in expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and in the progression of liver injury. Diffused degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of immune cells was observed by histological evaluation. The reversibility of ALF was confirmed by the restoration of survival and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP after intrasplenic transplantation of syngeneic healthy rat hepatocytes. This model presents a reliable alternative to the available ALF animal models to study the pathophysiology of ALF as well as to evaluate the potential of a novel therapy for ALF. The use of two different approaches also makes it possible to study the combined effect of physical and drug-induced liver injury. The reproducibility and feasibility of current procedure is an added benefit of the model.

The acute liver failure animal model developed in the current study presents a feasible alternative for the study of potential therapies. The current model employs the combined effect of physical and drug-induced hepatic injury and provides a suitable time window to study the potential of novel therapies.

Geração de um modelo de rato de insuficiência hepática aguda, combinando 70% hepatectomia parcial e paracetamol

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and ...

Reduced Complications after Arterial Reconnection in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation of human liver transplantation due to the absence of arterial reconnection. Described here is a modified transplantation procedure that includes the incorporation of hepatic artery (HA) reconnection, leading to a marked improvement in transplant outcomes. With a mean anhepatic time of 12 min and 14 s, HA reconnection results in improved perfusion of the transplanted liver and an increase in long-term recipient survival from 37.5% to 88.2%. This protocol includes the use of 3D-printed cuffs and holders to connect the portal vein and infrahepatic inferior vena cava. It can be implemented for studying multiple aspects of liver transplantation, from immune response and infection to technical aspects of the procedure. By incorporating a simple and practical method for arterial reconnection using a microvascular technique, this modified rat OLT protocol closely mimics aspects of human liver transplantation and will serve as a valuable and clinically relevant research model.

The goal of this study is to modify the rat orthotopic liver transplant model to better represent human liver transplantation and improve recipient survival. The presented method reestablishes hepatic arterial inflow by connecting the donor liver&#39;s common hepatic artery to the recipient liver&#39;s proper hepatic artery.

Complicações reduzidas após reconexão arterial em um modelo de rato de transplante de fígado ortotópico

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation ...

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. However, lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. As such, there is high waitlist mortality. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) has increased donor lung utilization rates in some centers by 15%-20%. ESLP has been applied as a method to assess and recondition marginal donor lungs and has demonstrated acceptable short- and long-term outcomes following transplantation of extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. Large animal (in vivo) transplantation models are required to validate ongoing in vitro research findings. Anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and pigs pose significant technical and anesthetic challenges. An easily reproducible transplant model would permit the&#160;in vivo&#160;validation of current ESLP strategies and the preclinical evaluation of various interventions designed to improve donor lung function. This protocol describes a porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation. This includes anesthetic and surgical techniques, a customized surgical checklist, troubleshooting, modifications, and the benefits and limitations of the approach.

This protocol describes a juvenile porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation designed for use with ESLP research. Focus is made on anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as critical steps and troubleshooting.

Transplante ortotópico de pulmão esquerdo em modelo suíno juvenil para PESL

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. ...