O EmoCogMeter foi desenvolvido em cooperação com Microcinema Media GmbH (http://www.micromovie.com).

1. Assuntos Foram recrutados 541 psicologicamente e masculinos somaticamente saudável e femininos sujeitos (idade 44,47 ± 9,41, variando 18-89 anos; QI 113,90 ± 12,73). Todos os indivíduos falava alemão em um nível falante nativo. O estudo foi realizado de acordo com a última versão da Declaração de Helsinki e aprovado pelo Conselho de Revisão Institucional da Sociedade Psicológica alemão. Todos os participantes deram consentimento informado por escrito antes de triagem e foram reembolsados ​​por participação. 2. Estudo Design O EmoCogMeter, um aplicativo baseado em iPad, inclui sete testes neuropsicológicos e foi desenvolvido para investigar as funções cognitivas em vários domínios. Antes de cada teste, uma breve instrução e demonstração foi apresentada no ecrã. Não havia nenhuma instrução verbal ou feedback do experimentador. Assuntos necessários aproximadamente 25-30 min para completar o testeção sessão. <ol><li> Os testes neuropsicológicos <ol><li> Aprendizagem e memória <ol><li> Memória Span Apresentar aos participantes uma série de dígitos e pedir-lhes para inserir os números imediatamente depois. Comece com 2 dígitos e se os participantes forem bem sucedidos, dar uma longa lista de números. <ol><li> Acabar com a tarefa ou após 5 min, ou mais cedo, se os sujeitos recordar com sucesso nove dígitos. Registre a extensão de dígitos eo número de julgamentos totais necessários para chegar a esse nível. </li></ol></li><li> A memória de trabalho Já os participantes visualizar sequências de palavras positivas, negativas e neutras e responder se uma palavra é o mesmo que o apresentado dois ensaios antes. <ol><li> Terminar a tarefa após 5 min e registrar o número de respostas corretas (hits), falsas respostas, e a média de latência de respostas. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Atenção e concentração <ol><li> Seletiva Attenção Aplique uma variante da tarefa de Stroop e pedir temas para responder se o nome da cor escrito corresponde à tinta de cor que foi exibido dentro <ol><li> Terminar a tarefa após 3 min e registrar o número de respostas corretas (hits), falsas respostas, falta de respostas, ea média de latência de respostas. </li></ol></li><li> Atenção sustentada Use uma tarefa que inclui um pequeno componente de memória de trabalho. Apresentar um círculo que consiste em pequenos círculos azuis e amarelas, iluminado numa ordem pseudo-aleatória, no centro do ecrã. <ol><li> Instrua os assuntos para detectar e responder às seqüências de azul-amarelo-amarelo. Terminar a tarefa após 4 min e registrar o número de respostas corretas (hits), falsas respostas, e perdeu respostas. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Funções Executivas <ol><li> Trail Making Test B Sonda alternância de tarefas e exigem assuntos a sequencialmente e, alternativamente, ligar 13 números e 12 letras na tela. Não exibir a conexão se o sujeito cometeu um erro e não continue a tarefa antes de a ligação correta está selecionada. <ol><li> Terminar a tarefa após 90 seg, se não for concluída com êxito até então. Anote o tempo total necessário para concluir a tarefa. </li></ol></li><li> Torre de Hanói Avaliar o planejamento ea capacidade de atingir um objetivo através de uma série de etapas intermediárias. Use uma versão com três varas e quatro discos de tamanho menor posteriormente. <ol><li> Informar as pessoas que têm que mover toda a pilha de discos para outra haste, obedecendo as seguintes regras: (1) Apenas um disco pode ser movido de cada vez. (2) Cada passo consiste em levar o disco superior a partir de uma das hastes e deslizando-a para uma outra haste, em cima dos outros discos que podem já estar presentes em que haste. (3) no disco pode ser colocado em cima de um disco menor. </li><li> Termine o teste se os sujeitos não conseguem atingir a meta depois de 4 min. RECORD o tempo necessário para resolver a tarefa eo número de movimentos necessários para a solução. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Velocidade de processamento Símbolo Carta Modalidades Teste Assuntos atuais com 9 letras e símbolos geométricos correspondentes na parte superior da tela. Linhas de exibição de letras na parte inferior e instruir os assuntos para mover o símbolo correspondente em cada carta o mais rápido possível. <ol><li> Registre o número de respostas corretas (bate), falsas respostas, respostas e perdeu a latência média de respostas dentro do tempo permitido (90 segundos). </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> A análise estatística Para os testes de sondagem de memória de trabalho, atenção seletiva e atenção sustentada definimos uma relação de precisão ((batidas-falso) / metas) x 100. Todos os dados foram analisados ​​por meio de análise multivariada de variância (MANOVAs) com o entre-temas fatores faixa etária e sexo. Correções GreenhouseGeisser foram aplied, onde apropriado. Se MANOVAs revelaram efeitos principais ou interações significativas, outras análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando comparações t-teste. </li></ol>

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Os autores não têm nada a revelar.

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a usabilidade de um aplicativo baseado em computador tablet em investigar os efeitos da idade sobre as funções cognitivas em toda vida. Como hipótese, os indivíduos apresentaram um declínio relacionado à idade na maioria dos domínios neuropsicológicos. Para algumas funções cognitivas, tais como a extensão de memória, a precisão da memória de trabalho e atenção seletiva, o declínio parece ocorrer mais tarde na vida, uma vez que só foi observado quando se com...

O envelhecimento humano é associado com o declínio cognitivo em todos os domínios, mas pode ser particularmente pronunciada para as funções associadas com o córtex pré-frontal e os lobos temporais mediais, como a memória de trabalho (WM), memória episódica e funções executivas, (Bäckman et al. 1 , Brehmer et al. 2, Shing et al. 3, West 4). Do mesmo modo, estudos de imagem cerebral mostrou que reduções de volume são mais proeminentes em áreas pré-frontais e mediotemporal (Raz et al. 5,6) e que o funcionamento alterado dentro e entre essas regiões pode contribuir para alterações cognitivas relacionadas com a idade (Sander et al. 7 , Park e Reuter-Lorenz 8). Estudos de imagem molecular indicam que as perdas relacionadas com a idade de dopamina pode ser mediadores poderosos de deficiência em várias tarefas cognitivas (Bäckman et al 9, 10,.. Erixon-Lindroth et al 11 </sup&gt;, 12 Volkow et al.). Há evidências consideráveis ​​de que as competências perceptivas e cognitivas na velhice pode ser reforçada por estímulos emocionais. A tendência para os adultos mais velhos para um melhor desempenho em estímulos valência positiva no que diz respeito a medidas de atenção, reconhecimento e valorização da memória emocional foi denominado o efeito positividade relacionada à idade (Charles et al. 13, Mather e Cavaleiro 14, Löckenhoff e Carstensen 15 , Grühn et al. 16, Isaacowitz et al. 17) e pode reflectir uma diferença de metas motivacionais como o fim da vida abordagens (Carstensen e Löckenhoff 18). Testes neuropsicológicos de funções cognitivas é geralmente conduzida tanto por meio de testes de papel e lápis ou testes baseados em computador em estações de trabalho, e pode ser difícil quando testar indivíduos mais velhos. Em primeiro lugar, coordenação motora pode limitar o uso de patestes por e lápis e, segundo, indivíduos mais velhos muitas vezes não estão familiarizados com teclados, mouse pads, ou outros dispositivos de entrada aplicados durante testes neuropsicológicos baseado em computador. Como resultado, os indivíduos mais velhos muitas vezes mostram fraca motivação ou o cumprimento durante testes neuropsicológicos, o que pode prejudicar o desempenho e diminuir a validade das conclusões. Além disso, o teste de papel e lápis, bem como um teste baseado em computador em estações de trabalho exige presença permanente do experimentador para instrução e feedback, bem como para documentação dos resultados, que são, então, raramente transferidos para um banco de dados e, portanto, só acessível a um muito número limitado de pessoas. Assim, esta abordagem &quot;convencional&quot; para os laços de testes neuropsicológicos até consideráveis ​​recursos humanos aumenta a probabilidade de erros na transferência de resultados, limita o acesso aos dados, e retarda o fluxo de trabalho. Nosso objetivo foi testar uma aplicação baseada em tablet para a investigação de sidomínios neuropsicológicos veral. Nós usamos uma aplicação iPad como hipótese, que uma ferramenta tão simples pode ser um método rápido e eficaz para rastrear e controlar os déficits cognitivos em ambientes clínicos e ambulatoriais. Independentemente da idade, os indivíduos devem ser habilitados para executar as tarefas sem instrução ou feedback de um experimentador e deve ser capaz de completar os testes. Independentemente da idade, os indivíduos devem ser habilitados para executar as tarefas sem instrução ou feedback de um experimentador. Trabalhamos com a hipótese, de que o touchpad permitiria uma utilização mais intuitiva do que outros dispositivos de resposta (por exemplo, teclado mouse ou teclado), especialmente para os indivíduos mais velhos, que não estão familiarizados com computadores. Conformidade elevada e motivação para o desempenho da tarefa pode aumentar a validade dos resultados, enquanto que os benefícios para o experimentador deve incluir um procedimento de teste padronizado e poupar tempo, uma transferência segura de resultados de teste para um banco de dados e facilitação de armazenamento de dados e anásis.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="732">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Wortschatz-Test (WST)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.testzentrale.de/programm/wortschatztest.html</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Assessment of Intelligence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">V&#245; et al., 2009</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Stimuli for working memory task</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Predictive Analysis SoftWare, version 18.0</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">iPad</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.apple.com/de</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EmoCogMeter</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://anem.charite.de/anem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of age-related changes in cognitive functions using emocogmeter, a novel tablet-computer based approach

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a usabilidade de um aplicativo baseado em tablet por computador (EmoCogMeter) na investigação dos efeitos da idade sobre as funções cognitivas em toda a vida em uma amostra de 378 indivíduos saudáveis ​​(faixa etária 18-89 anos). Consistente com os achados anteriores encontramos um declínio cognitivo relacionado com a idade através de uma ampla gama de domínios neuropsicológicos (memória, atenção, funções executivas), provando assim a usabilidade do nosso aplicativo baseado tablet. Independentemente da experiência com o computador antes, os indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias foram capazes de realizar as tarefas sem instrução ou feedback de um experimentador. Maior motivação e conformidade provou ser benéfico para o desempenho da tarefa, assim, potencialmente aumentando a validade dos resultados. Nossos resultados promissores sublinhar o grande potencial clínico e prático de uma aplicação baseada em tablet para a detecção e monitoramento de disfunção cognitiva.

Os dados de 19 indivíduos não puderam ser gravadas devido a problemas técnicos. Todos os indivíduos restantes (N = 522) completaram os testes e foram agrupados em três grupos etários (jovens: 18-30 anos; meia-idade: 31-59 anos; idade: 60-89 anos). Os participantes desses grupos foram pareados por sexo e QI, resultando em uma amostra de N = 378 (ver Tabela 1). Desempenho para todos os testes neuropsicológicos nos três grupos etários está resumida na Tabela 2. <p class="jove...

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Nós testamos a usabilidade de um aplicativo baseado em tablet por computador (EmoCogMeter) na investigação dos efeitos da idade sobre a cognição. Os resultados mostram um declínio cognitivo relacionado com a idade, provando assim a usabilidade da nossa aplicação. Achados sublinhar o grande potencial clínico e prático de uma aplicação baseada em tablet para a detecção e monitoramento de disfunção cognitiva.

Avaliação das Alterações relacionadas à idade em Funções Cognitivas Usando EmoCogMeter, uma nova abordagem Tablet computador baseado

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

assessment-age-related-changes-cognitive-functions-using-emocogmeter

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Behavior

13.5K visualizações.  Freie Universität Berlin.  Nós testamos a usabilidade de um aplicativo baseado em tablet por computador (EmoCogMeter) na investigação dos efeitos da idade sobre a cognição. Os resultados mostram um declínio cognitivo relacionado com a idade, provando assim a usabilidade da nossa aplicação. Achados sublinhar o grande potencial clínico e prático de uma aplicação baseada em tablet para a detecção e monitoramento de disfunção cognitiva. 

Vídeo: Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7 &deg;C and 60 &deg;C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present a user-friendly, high-throughput operant system for the evaluation of pain behaviors in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) can assess pain through a reward/conflict paradigm thus providing a more humane way of testing. This protocol will yield more clinically relevant and translational data from rodents.

O uso do dispositivo de Avaliação de Dor Orofacial operante (OPAD) para medir as mudanças no comportamento nociceptivo

We present an operant  system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial  Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors ...

Comportamento

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

A Task Congruência Crossmodal como um meio para se obter uma medida comportamental Objetivo no Rubber Mão Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

Um método para investigar diferenças relacionadas à idade na conectividade funcional of Cognitive Controle Networks associados à mudança Dimensional Card Sort Desempenho

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be clearly outlined in a step-by-step manner. Navigational skills are important when trying to find symbols within a speech-generating device (SGD) that has a dynamic screen and taxonomical organization. The following skills have been found to impact children&#8217;s ability to find symbols when navigating within the levels of an SGD: sustained attention, categorization, cognitive flexibility, and fluid reasoning1,2. According to past studies, working memory was not correlated with navigation1,2.
The materials needed for this method include a computerized tablet, an augmentative and alternative communication application, a booklet of symbols, and the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R)3. This method has been used in two previous studies. Robillard, Mayer-Crittenden, Roy-Charland, Minor-Corriveau and B&#233;langer1 assessed typically developing children, while Rondeau, Robillard and Roy-Charland2 assessed children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The direct observation of this method will facilitate the replication of this study for researchers. It will also help clinicians that work with children who have complex communication needs to determine the children&#8217;s ability to navigate an SGD with taxonomical categorization.

Children who have complex communication needs can benefit from the use of a speech-generating device (SGD). Cognitive skills were identified as having an impact on the ability to navigate between levels of SGDs. This protocol describes the steps needed for Speech-language Pathologists to assess cognitive skills and navigational abilities.

Metodologia Prática de tarefas cognitivas Dentro de uma Avaliação de Navegação

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be ...

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

Avaliação experimental de rato Sociabilidade utilizando uma abordagem de processamento de imagem automatizado

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

Avaliação da Cognição Social em primatas não-humanos usando uma rede de Computadorizado dispositivo automático de Aprendizagem Sistemas (ALDM) teste

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for extracting crucial information about the mechanism of the human brain, such methods remain insufficient to provide information about physiological processes reflecting cognitive and emotional functions at the subcortical level. In this respect, modern invasive clinical approaches in humans, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer a tremendous possibility to record subcortical brain activity, namely local field potentials (LFPs) representing coherent activity of neural assemblies from localized basal ganglia or thalamic regions. Notwithstanding the fact that invasive approaches in humans are applied only after medical indication and thus recorded data correspond to altered brain circuits, valuable insight can be gained regarding the presence of intact brain functions in relation to brain oscillatory activity and the pathophysiology of disorders in response to experimental cognitive paradigms. In this direction, a growing number of DBS studies in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) target not only motor functions but also higher level processes such as emotions, decision-making, attention, memory and sensory perception. Recent clinical trials also emphasize the role of DBS as an alternative treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Consequently, we focus on the use of combined invasive (LFP) and non-invasive (EEG) human brain recordings in assessing the role of cortical-subcortical structures in cognitive and emotional processing trough experimental paradigms (e.g. speech stimuli with emotional connotation or paradigms of cognitive control such as the Flanker task), for patients undergoing DBS treatment.

The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.

Combinadas Funções Invasiva subcorticais e Superfície Non-invasive neurofisiológica Gravações de Avaliação da cognitivos e emocionais em humanos

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making. As such, blood glucose, the body's primary energy source, has been of special interest to researchers for years. Fluctuations in blood glucose have been linked to a variety of changes in cognitive and behavioral processes, such as self-control, political attitudes, and eating behavior. To help meet growing interest in the links between bodily energy need and these processes, this manuscript offers a simple methodology to experimentally manipulate blood glucose using a fasting procedure followed by administration of a sugar-sweetened, unsweetened, or artificially-sweetened beverage. This is followed by presentation of a method for measuring resulting changes in implicit cognition using a lexical decision-task. In this task, participants are asked to identify whether strings of letters are words or non-words and response latencies are recorded. Sample results from a recent publication are presented as an example of the applications for the experimental manipulation of blood glucose and the lexical decision task measures.

The authors introduce a method for manipulating blood glucose and measuring resulting changes in cognitive accessibility of target words using a lexical decision task.

Um método para manipular glicose no sangue e resultando medindo as mudanças na Cognitiva Acessibilidade do Target Estímulos

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making.  As such, blood glucose, the body's ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking de controle para avaliar a função cognitiva em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human auditory development for these age groups. This paper describes an observer-based procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity with a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Young children are trained to perform a play-based, motor response (e.g., putting a block in a bucket) whenever they hear a target signal. An experimenter observes the child&#39;s behavior and makes a judgment about whether the signal was presented during the first or second observation interval; the experimenter is blinded to the true signal interval, so this judgment is based solely on the child&#39;s behavior. These procedures were used to test 2 to 4 year-olds (n = 33) with no known hearing problems. The signal was a 1,000 Hz warble tone presented in quiet, and the signal level was adjusted to estimate a threshold corresponding to 71%-correct detection. A valid threshold was obtained for 82% of children. These results indicate that the two-interval procedure is both feasible and reliable for use with toddlers and preschoolers. The two-interval, observer-based procedure described in this paper is a powerful tool for evaluating hearing in young children because it guards against response bias on the part of the experimenter.

This paper describes a procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity in 2 to 4 year-old children. Children are trained to perform play-based responses when they hear a target signal. Thresholds are then estimated in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, based on observations of the child&#39;s behaviors.

Avaliação do comportamento auditivo em 2 a 4 anos de idade Crianças: um procedimento de dois intervalo, com sede em Observer Usando respostas condicionadas à base de Reprodução

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human ...