Name: in vitro differentiation model of human normal memory b cells to long-lived plasma cells
Uploaded: 2019-01-20T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants from French INCA (Institut National du Cancer) Institute (PLBIO15-256), ANR (Tie-Skip) and ITMO Cancer (MM&#38;TT).

The protocol follows the guidelines in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and agreement of the Montpellier University Hospital Centre for Biological Resources.
1. In Vitro Normal Plasma Cell Differentiation Model
NOTE: PCs are generated through a four-step culture11,12,13.
<ol>
	<li>B cell amplification and differentiation
	<ol>
...

In human, PC are rare cells with differentiation stages taking place in anatomic places that hamper full biological characterization. We have developed an in vitro B to PC differentiation model using multi-step culture systems where various combinations of activation molecules and cytokines are subsequently applied in order to reproduce the sequential cell differentiation occurring in the different organs/tissues in vivo11,12,13...

The differentiation of B cells to plasma cells (PCs) is essential for humoral immunity and protect the host against infections1. B to PC differentiation is associated with major changes in transcription capacity and metabolism to accommodate to antibody secretion.The transcription factors that control B to PC differentiation have been extensively studied and revealed exclusive networks including B- and PC-specific transcription factors (TFs)2. In B cells, PAX5, BCL6 and BACH2 TFs are the guardians of B cell identity2,3. Induction of IRF4, PRDM1 encoding BLIMP1 and XBP1 PC TF will extinguish B cell genes and induce a coordinated antibody-secreting cell transcriptional program3,4,5. These coordinated transcriptional changes are associated with Ig genes transcription activation together with a switch from the membrane-bound form to the secreted form of the immunoglobulin heavy chain2,3,4. B to PC differentiation is linked with induction of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus functions concomitant with unfolded protein response (UPR) activation known to play a key role in PC by accommodating the synthesis of secreted immunoglobulins6,7. The TF XBP1 plays a major role in this cellular adaptation8,9,10.
B cells and PCs are key players of humoral immunity. Understanding the biological processes that control the production and the survival of normal plasma cells is critical in therapeutic interventions that need to ensure efficient immune responses and prevent autoimmunity or immune deficiency. PC are rare cells with early differentiation stages taking place in anatomic locations that hamper full biological characterization, particularly in human. Using multi-step culture systems, we have reported an in vitro B to PC differentiation model. This model reproduces the sequential cell differentiation and maturation occurring in the different organs in vivo11,12,13.&#160;In a first step, memory B cells are first activated for four days by CD40 ligand, oligodeoxynucleotides and cytokine combination and differentiate into preplasmablasts (PrePBs). In a second step, preplasmablasts are induced to differentiate into plasmablasts (PBs) by removing CD40L and oligodeoxynucleotides stimulation and changing the cytokine combination. In a third step, plasmablasts are induced to differentiate into early PCs by changing the cytokine combination11,12. A fourth step was introduced to get fully mature PCs by culturing these early PCs with bone marrow stromal cells conditioned medium or selected growth factors13. These mature PCs could survive several months in vitro and secrete high amounts of immunoglobulin (Figure 1). Interestingly, our in vitro model recapitulates the coordinated transcriptional changes and the phenotype of the different B to PC stages that can be detected in vivo11,12,13,14,15. PCs are rare cells and our in vitro differentiation model allows to study human B to PC differentiation.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:817px;" width="818">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">anti-CD2 magnetic beads</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11159D</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Anti-CD138-APC</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Beckman-Coulter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B49219</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Anti-CD19-APC</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">555415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Anti-CD20-PB</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Beckman-Coulter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B49208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Anti-CD27-PE</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">555441</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Anti-CD38-PE</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Beckman-Coulter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A07779</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Anti-histidine</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>MAB050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">CpG ODN(PT)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>T*C*G*T*C*G*T*T*T*T*G*T*C* 
			G*T*T*T*T*G*T*C*G*T*T</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">human Transferin</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T3309</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IFN-&#945;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Merck</td>
			<td>Intron A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">IMDM</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31980-022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Recombinan Human CD40L-hi</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>2706-CL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Recombinant Human APRIL</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>5860-AP-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Recombinant Human IL-10</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>217-IL-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Recombinant Human IL-15</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td>200-15-10ug</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Recombinant Human IL-2 Protein</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>202-IL-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Recombinant Human IL-6</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td>200-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro differentiation model of human normal memory b cells to long-lived plasma cells

Plasma cells (PCs) secrete large amounts of antibodies and develop from B cells that have been activated. PCs are rare cells located in the bone marrow or mucosa and ensure humoral immunity. Due to their low frequency and location, the study of PCs is difficult in human. We reported a B to PC in vitro differentiation model using selected combinations of cytokines and activation molecules that allow to reproduce the sequential cell differentiation occurring in vivo. In this in vitro model, memory B cells (MBCs) will differentiate into pre-plasmablasts (prePBs), plasmablasts (PBs), early PCs and finally, into long-lived PCs, with a phenotype close to their counterparts in healthy individuals.&#160;We also built an open access bioinformatics tools to analyze the most prominent information from GEP data related to PC differentiation. These resources can be used to study human B to PC differentiation and in the current study, we investigated the gene expression regulation of epigenetic factors during human B to PC differentiation.

The overall procedure of in vitro normal PC differentiation is represented in Figure 1. Using the protocol presented here, we could generate adequate quantity of cells that could not be obtained with ex vivo human samples. Although the role of the complex network of transcription factors involved in PC differentiation has been investigated, the mechanisms regulating key PC differentiation transcription networks remain poorly known. Cellular differentiation is...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells at JoVE.com

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Using multi-step culture systems, we report an in vitro B cell to plasma cell differentiation model.

Plasma cells (PCs) secrete large amounts of antibodies and develop from B cells that have been activated. PCs are rare cells located in the bone marrow or ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand ...

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve and Memory T Cells

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Monocyte-derived macrophages represent an important cell type of the innate immune system. Mouse models studying macrophage biology suffer from the ...

Quantitative In vitro Assay to Measure Neutrophil Adhesion to Activated Primary Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Static Conditions

Quantitative In vitro Assay to Measure Neutrophil Adhesion to Activated Primary Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Static Conditions

The vascular  endothelium plays an integral part in the inflammatory response. During the  acute phase of inflammation, endothelial cells (ECs) are ...

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Human respiratory syncytial  virus (HRSV) infections present a broad spectrum of disease severity, ranging  from mild infections to life-threatening ...

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

Finding new methods for generating human monoclonal antibodies is an active research field that is important for both basic and applied sciences, ...

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

During infection of human cells by adenovirus (Ad), the host cell nucleus is dramatically reorganized, leading to formation of nuclear microenvironments ...

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

The hallmark of humoral immunity is to generate functional ASCs, which synthesize and secrete Abs specific to an antigen (Ag), such as a pathogen, and are ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-containing Protocol

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing ...

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation