Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography

Summary

The present protocol describes the concepts and technical application of the tensometric myograph technique using a multi-chamber myograph system in the experimental ex vivo assessment of mouse aortic endothelial function.

Abstract

Small volume chamber tensometric myography is a commonly used technique to evaluate the vascular contractility of small and large blood vessels in laboratory animals and small arteries isolated from human tissue. The technique allows researchers to maintain isolated blood vessels in a tightly controlled and standardized (near-physiological) setting, with the option of adjusting to various environmental factors, while challenging the isolated vessels with different pharmacological agents that can induce vasoconstriction or vasodilation. The myograph chamber also provides a platform to measure vascular reactivity in response to various hormones, inhibitors, and agonists that may impact the function of smooth muscle and endothelial layers separately or simultaneously. The blood vessel wall is a complex structure consisting of three different layers: the intima (endothelial layer), media (smooth muscle and elastin fibers), and adventitia (collagen and other connective tissue). To gain a clear understanding of the functional properties of each layer, it is critical to have access to an experimental platform and system that would allow for a combinational approach to study all three layers simultaneously. Such an approach demands access to a semi-physiological condition that would mimic the in vivo environment in an ex vivo setting. Small volume chamber tensometric myography has provided an ideal environment to evaluate the impact of environmental cues, experimental variables, or pharmacological agonists and antagonists on vascular properties. For many years, scientists have used the tensometric myograph technique to measure endothelial function and smooth muscle contractility in response to different agents. In this report, a small volume chamber tensometric myograph system is used to measure endothelial function in the isolated mouse aorta. This report focuses on how small volume chamber tensometric myography can be used to evaluate the functional integrity of the endothelium in small segments of a large artery such as the thoracic aorta.

Introduction

For the last few decades, the small chamber myography system has been used to measure the reactivity of different layers of blood vessel walls in response to various pharmacological agents and neurotransmitters in an ex vivo, real-time setting. Vascular reactivity is a major component of a healthy functional blood vessel and is critical for the regulation of blood flow and perfusion in peripheral and cerebral vasculature¹. Within the blood vessel wall, the interaction between endothelial and smooth muscle layers is a major determinant of vascular tone, which is also constantly impacted by structural changes in the connective tissue lay....

Protocol

All surgical procedures and animal care were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use and Care Committee (IACUC) of Midwestern University (IACUC# AZ-3006, AZ-2936).

1. Buffer preparation

NOTE: Although the HEPES physiological salt solution (HEPES-PSS) buffer is stable at 4 °C for 7 days, it is recommended that all buffers are freshly made on the day of each experiment. All other reagents and agonists must be prepared freshly for each exp.......

Discussion

The field of vascular biology heavily relies on tools that help researchers to assess the functional and structural integrity of the blood vessel wall. It also demands special attention on the direct and indirect interactions between the three layers of blood vessels: the intima, media, and adventitia. Among those three layers, the intima is formed by a monolayer of endothelial cells and has a very important function in regulating vascular health and hemostasis.

It is well established that any.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Acetylcholine	SigmaAldrich	A6625-100G
CaCl2	SigmaAldrich	C4901-1KG
Carbogen gas	Matheson	H103847
Dissecting scissors	FST	91460-11
DMT 620 Multi chamber myograph system	DMT	DMT 620	Multi chamber myograph system
Dumont forceps	FST	91150-20
EDTA	SigmaAldrich	E5134-10G
Glucose	SigmaAldrich	G8270-1KG
HEPES	SigmaAldrich	H7006-1KG
KCl	SigmaAldrich	P9541-1KG
KH2PO4	SigmaAldrich	P5655-1KG
LabChart	ADI instruments		Data acquisition software
Light source	Volpi	14363
L-Name	Fischer Scientific	50-200-7725
MgSO4	SigmaAldrich	M2643-500G
Microscope	Leica	S6D	stereo zoom microscope
NaCl	SigmaAldrich	S5886-5KG
NaHCO3	SigmaAldrich	S5761-500G
Organ bath system	DMT	720MO
Phenylephrine	SigmaAldrich	P6126-10G
Pump	Welch	2546B-01
Software	ADI instruments	LabChart 8.1.20
Spring Scissors	FST	15003-08
Sylgard 184 Kit	Electron Microscopy Services	24236-10	silicone elastomer kit
Tank Regulator	Fischer Scientific	10575147
Water bath system	Fischer Scientific	15-462-10