Mikroakışkan cihazın A. mikroimalat <ol><li> 4-inç Si levhası, reaktif oksijen plazma (30W, harrick Bilimsel az 5 dakika, NY) ile tedavi edilir. </li><li> Negatif fotorezist (SU-8 2015, Microchem, MA) Si gofret 1 dakika için 900 rpm spin-kaplı. </li><li> Gofret yumuşak, 95 pişirilmiş ° C, bir ocak 6 dk ve mikro içeren bir maske filmi ile 4 dakika UV ışığı (200W) maruz kalmaktadır. </li><li> Gofret 95 pişmiş yazılan ° C 6 dakika süreyle ve SU-8 fotorezist geliştirici kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. </li><li> Petri kabı içerisinde mikro içeren desenli paslanmaz çeliğin gofret yerleştirilir. </li><li> Poli (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) (Sylgard 184) kalıplar, karıştırma silikon elastomer ve sertleştirici (10:1 oranı) tarafından imal edilir. </li><li> PDMS karışımı Si ana kalıp üzerine dökülür ve kabarcıklarını çıkarmak için bir vakum desikatörde yerleştirilir. </li><li> PDMS 1 ~ 2 saat boyunca 70 ° C&#39;de kür. </li><li> PDMS kalıpları sonra Si ana kalıptan sıyrılır. </li></ol> B. cihaz ve Montajı <ol><li> 40 mikron kalınlığında üst akışkan kanalları ve 40 mikron kalınlığında alt microgrooved kanalları (25, 50, 75, ve μ 100 m genişliğinde), iki farklı Si ana kalıplar elde edilir . </li><li> Kanal akışkan cihaz giriş ve çıkış delikli. </li><li> Akışkan kanalları ve devirli plâktaki incecik kanalları geri dönüşümsüz reaktif oksijen plazma (30W, harrick Bilimsel az 5 dakika, NY) ile yapıştırılır. </li><li> Ekstrasellüler matriks (ECM), (yani fibronektin) 1 saat inkübatör (37 ° C) için mikroakışkan cihazın içinde kaplanmıştır. </li></ol> C. Hücre tohumlama ve deney düzeneği <ol><li> NIH-3T3 fare fibroblastlar% 10 fetal sığır serumu (FBS) içeren Dulbecco&#39;nun Modifiye Kartal Media (DMEM) kullanarak doku kültürü şişesi kültür. </li><li> Hücreler tripsinize ve ayrışmış. </li><li> Disosiye hücreleri hücre yoğunluğu 3 × 10 6 hücre / ml (Şekil 1) devirli plâktaki incecik kanallar içine yüklenir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/270_2008_8_24_3/270_Figure-01.png" alt="Şekil 1" width="191" height="300" /> Şekil 1 </li><li> 2 mL medya, 100 mM H 2 O 2 ve apoptozis assay (20 mcL Annexin V ve 40 mcL propidium iyodür, Invitrogen, CA) bir şırınga pompası (1 ul / dk) ile bir kanal içine infüze. </li><li> Hücreler gerçek zamanlı ters bir mikroskop kullanılarak (Nikon TE 2000) tarafından izlenir. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Chung, B. G., Park, J. W., Hu, J. S., Huang, C., Monuki, E. S., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+hybrid+microfluidic-vacuum+device+for+interfacing+with+conventional+cell+culture+platform.">A hybrid microfluidic-vacuum device for interfacing with conventional cell culture platform.</a> BMC Biotechnol. 7, (2007).</li><li>Khademhosseini, A., Yeh, J., Eng, G., Karp, J., Kaji, H., Borenstein, J., Farokhzad, O. C., Langer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+docking+inside+microwells+within+reversibly+sealed+microfluidic+channels+for+fabricating+multiphenotype+cell+arrays.">Cell docking inside microwells within reversibly sealed microfluidic channels for fabricating multiphenotype cell arrays.</a> Lab Chip. 5, 1380-1386 (2005).</li><li>Whittemore, E. R., Loo, D. T., Watt, J. A., Cotman, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+detailed+analysis+of+hydrogen+peroxide-induced+cell+death+in+primary+neuronal+culture.">A detailed analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in primary neuronal culture.</a> Neuroscience. 67, 921-932 (1995).</li></ol>

Hücreler mikroakışkan bir cihaz microgrooved substratlar içinde hareketsiz ve desenli. Hidrojen peroksit maruz kalan hücrelerin apoptozis sürecini gerçek zamanlı olarak gözlenen ve Annexin V ve propidium iyodür kullanılarak analiz edildi. Böylece, devirli plâktaki incecik kanalları içeren bu mikroakışkan cihaza, yüksek verimli ilaç tarama için yararlı olabilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>PDMS</td><td>Reagent</td><td>K.R. Anderson Co.</td><td>2065622</td><td>Poly(dimethylsiloxane), Dow Corning Sylgard 184 (8.6 lb)</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM</td><td>medium</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>11965</td><td>Dulbecco&amp;rsquo;s Modified Eagle&amp;rsquo;s Media </td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>serum</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10082-147</td><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H1009</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Apoptosis assay</td><td></td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>V13242</td><td>Annexin A, propidium iodide</td></tr><tr><td>Negative photoresist </td><td></td><td>MicroChem Corp.</td><td>SU-8 2015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Si wafer </td><td>Tool</td><td></td><td></td><td>4 inch silicone wafer</td></tr><tr><td>Reactive oxygen plasma </td><td>Reagent</td><td>Harrick Scientific Products, Inc.</td><td></td><td>treat wafer 5 min at 30W</td></tr><tr><td>inverted microscope </td><td>Tool</td><td>Nikon Instruments</td><td>TE 2000</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a microfluidic device with groove patterns for studying cellular behavior

Biz hücresel davranış eğitimi için microgrooved desenleri ile bir mikroakışkan cihaz açıklar. Bu mikroakışkan platformda üst akışkan bir kanal ve bir alt microgrooved substrat oluşur. Microgrooved kanalları imal etmek için, mikroakışkan kanalları izlenim içeren bir üst poli (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) kalıp hizalanmış ve microgrooved bir yüzeye yapıştırılır. Bu cihazı kullanarak, fare fibroblast hücreleri (25, 50, 75, ve 100 mm genişliğinde) immobilize ve microgrooved substratlar içinde desenli. Mikroakışkan bir cihaz apoptozis çalışmak için 2 saat boyunca akışkan kanal içine hidrojen peroksit, Annexin V ve propidium iyodür içeren medya perfüze edildi. Biz oksidatif strese maruz kalan hücrelerin apoptotik oldu bulundu. Bu apoptotik hücreler apopitoz işlemi sırasında plazma membranı dış broşüre fosfatidilserin bağlı Annexin V tarafından teyit edildi. Mikroakışkan microgrooved desenleri ile bu cihazı kullanarak, apoptozis sürecini gerçek zamanlı olarak gözlenen ve bir kuluçka odası (37 ° C,% 5 CO 2) içeren bir inverted mikroskop kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bu nedenle, microgrooved substratları dahil bu mikroakışkan cihaz hücresel davranış eğitimi ve yüksek verimli bir ilaç tarama yapmak için yararlı olabilir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior at JoVE.com

A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

Biz hücre yakalama ve kültür etkinleştirebilirsiniz mikroakışkan cihazların imalatı için bir protokol tanımlamaktadır. Bu yaklaşımda, mikroakışkan kanallar içinde oluk gibi desenli mikro, içinde hücre sabitleyebilirsiniz Shear stresin düşük olduğu bölgelerde oluşturmak için kullanılır.

Hücresel Davranış incelenmesi için Groove Desenler mikroakışkan Aygıt

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior.  This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel ...

a-microfluidic-device-with-groove-patterns-for-studying-cellular

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.3K Görüntüleme.  Brigham and Women's Hospital. Biz hücre yakalama ve kültür etkinleştirebilirsiniz mikroakışkan cihazların imalatı için bir protokol tanımlamaktadır. Bu yaklaşımda, mikroakışkan kanallar içinde oluk gibi desenli mikro, içinde hücre sabitleyebilirsiniz Shear stresin düşük olduğu bölgelerde oluşturmak için kullanılır.

Video: A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an enabling experimental tool, because it can precisely manipulate fluid flows, enable high-throughput experiments, and generate stable soluble concentration gradients.  Compared to conventional gradient generators, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based  microfluidic devices can generate stable concentration gradients of growth factors with well-defined profiles.  Here, we developed simple gradient-generating microfluidic devices with three separate inlets.  Three microchannels combined into one microchannel to generate concentration gradients.  The stability and shape of growth factor gradients were confirmed by fluorescein isothyiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF).  Using this microfluidic device, we demonstrated that fibroblasts exposed to concentration gradients of EGF migrated toward higher concentrations.  The directional orientation of cell migration and motility of migrating cells were quantitatively assessed by cell tracking analysis.  Thus, this gradient-generating microfluidic device might be useful for studying and analyzing the behavior of migrating cells.

We describe a protocol for the microfabrication of the gradient-generating microfluidic device that can generate spatial and temporal gradients in well-defined microenvironment. In this approach, the gradient-generating microfluidic device can be used to study directed cell migration, embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

Hücre Biyolojisi Degrade üreten mikroakışkan Aygıt

 The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described.  A microfluidic platform is an ...

Biyoloji

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

The study of cell responses to environmental changes poses many experimental challenges: cells need to be imaged under changing conditions, often in a comparative manner. Multiwell plates are routinely used to compare many different strains or cell lines, but allow limited control over the environment dynamics. Microfluidic devices, on the other hand, allow exquisite dynamic control over the surrounding conditions, but it is challenging to image and distinguish more than a few strains in them. Here we describe a method to easily and rapidly manufacture a microfluidic device capable of applying dynamically changing conditions to multiple distinct yeast strains in one channel. The device is designed and manufactured by simple means without the need for soft lithography. It is composed of a Y-shaped flow channel attached to a second layer harboring microwells. The strains are placed in separate microwells, and imaged under the exact same dynamic conditions. We demonstrate the use of the device for measuring protein localization responses to pulses of nutrient changes in different yeast strains.

We present a simple method to produce microfluidic devices capable of applying similar dynamic conditions to multiple distinct strains, without the need for a clean room or soft lithography.

Birden Farklı Suşlarının incelenmesi için bir mikroakışkan Cihazı

The study of cell responses to environmental changes poses many experimental challenges: cells need to be imaged under changing conditions, often in a ...

Biyomühendislik

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy

Cells can sense and migrate towards higher concentrations of adhesive cues such as the glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix and soluble cues such as growth factors. Here, we outline a method to create opposing gradients of adhesive and soluble cues in a microfluidic chamber, which is compatible with live cell imaging. A copolymer of poly-L-lysine and polyethylene glycol (PLL-PEG) is employed to passivate glass coverslips and prevent non-specific adsorption of biomolecules and cells. Next, microcontact printing or dip pen lithography are used to create tracks of streptavidin on the passivated surfaces to serve as anchoring points for the biotinylated peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) as the adhesive cue. A microfluidic device is placed onto the modified surface and used to create the gradient of adhesive cues (100% RGD to 0% RGD) on the streptavidin tracks. Finally, the same microfluidic device is used to create a gradient of a chemoattractant such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), as the soluble cue in the opposite direction of the gradient of adhesive cues.

A method for the assembly of adhesive and soluble gradients in a microscopy chamber for live cell migration studies is described. The engineered environment combines antifouling surfaces and adhesive tracks with solution gradients and therefore allows one to determine the relative importance of guidance cues.

Floresan Mikroskobu ile Görüntüleme Hücre Göç Yapıştırıcı ve Çözünür Degradeler oluşturma

Cells can sense and migrate towards higher concentrations of adhesive cues such as the glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix and soluble cues such as ...

A Microfluidic Technique to Probe Cell Deformability

Here we detail the design, fabrication, and use of a microfluidic device to evaluate the deformability of a large number of individual cells in an efficient manner. Typically, data for ~102 cells can be acquired within a 1 hr experiment. An automated image analysis program enables efficient post-experiment analysis of image data, enabling processing to be complete within a few hours. Our device geometry is unique in that cells must deform through a series of micron-scale constrictions, thereby enabling the initial deformation and time-dependent relaxation of individual cells to be assayed. The applicability of this method to human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells is demonstrated. Driving cells to deform through micron-scale constrictions using pressure-driven flow, we observe that human promyelocytic (HL-60) cells momentarily occlude the first constriction for a median time of 9.3 msec before passaging more quickly through the subsequent constrictions with a median transit time of 4.0 msec per constriction. By contrast, all-trans retinoic acid-treated (neutrophil-type) HL-60 cells occlude the first constriction for only 4.3 msec before passaging through the subsequent constrictions with a median transit time of 3.3 msec. This method can provide insight into the viscoelastic nature of cells, and ultimately reveal the molecular origins of this behavior.

We demonstrate a microfluidics-based assay to measure the timescale for cells to transit through a sequence of micron-scale constrictions.

Mikroakışkan Tekniği Hücre deformabilitesi Probe

Here we detail the design, fabrication, and use of a microfluidic device to evaluate the deformability of a large number of individual cells in an ...

Designing Microfluidic Devices for Studying Cellular Responses Under Single or Coexisting Chemical/Electrical/Shear Stress Stimuli

Microfluidic devices are capable of creating a precise and controllable cellular micro-environment of pH, temperature, salt concentration, and other physical or chemical stimuli. They have been commonly used for in vitro cell studies by providing in vivo like surroundings. Especially, how cells response to chemical gradients, electrical fields, and shear stresses has drawn many interests since these phenomena are important in understanding cellular properties and functions. These microfluidic chips can be made of glass substrates, silicon wafers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrates, or polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrates. Out of these materials, PMMA substrates are cheap and can be easily processed using laser ablation and writing. Although a few microfluidic devices have been designed and fabricated for generating multiple, coexisting chemical and electrical stimuli, none of them was considered efficient enough in reducing experimental repeats, particular for screening purposes. In this report, we describe our design and fabrication of two PMMA-based microfluidic chips for investigating cellular responses, in the production of reactive oxygen species and the migration, under single or coexisting chemical/electrical/shear stress stimuli. The first chip generates five relative concentrations of 0, 1/8, 1/2, 7/8, and 1 in the culture regions, together with a shear stress gradient produced inside each of these areas. The second chip generates the same relative concentrations, but with five different electric field strengths created within each culture area. These devices not only provide cells with a precise, controllable micro-environment but also greatly increase the experimental throughput.

Micro-fabricated devices integrated with fluidic components provide an in vitro platform for cell studies mimicking the in vivo micro-environment. We developed polymethylmethacrylate-based microfluidic chips for studying cellular responses under single or coexisting chemical/electrical/shear stress stimuli.

Tek ya da Eşlik Kimya / Elektrik / Kesme Stres Uyaranların altında Hücresel Yanıtları incelenmesi için mikroakışkan Cihazlar Tasarımı

Microfluidic devices are capable of creating a precise and controllable cellular micro-environment of pH, temperature, salt concentration, and other ...

Rapid Subtractive Patterning of Live Cell Layers with a Microfluidic Probe

The microfluidic probe (MFP) facilitates performing local chemistry on biological substrates by confining nanoliter volumes of liquids. Using one particular implementation of the MFP, the hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hHFC), multiple liquids are simultaneously brought in contact with a substrate. Local chemical action and liquid shaping using the hHFC, is exploited to create cell patterns by locally lysing and removing cells. By utilizing the scanning ability of the MFP, user-defined patterns of cell monolayers are created. This protocol enables rapid, real-time and spatially controlled cell patterning, which can allow selective cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction studies.

We present a protocol to perform subtractive patterning of live cell monolayers on a surface. This is achieved by local and selective lysis of adherent cells using a microfluidic probe (MFP). The cell lysate retrieved from local regions can be used for downstream analysis, enabling molecular profiling studies.

mikroakışkan Probe ile Canlı Hücre Katmanlar hızlı Subtractive Desenlendirme

The microfluidic probe (MFP) facilitates performing local chemistry on biological substrates by confining nanoliter volumes of liquids. Using one ...

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Controlled patterning of microorganisms into defined spatial arrangements offers unique possibilities for a broad range of biological applications, including studies of microbial physiology and interactions. At the simplest level, accurate spatial patterning of microorganisms would enable reliable, long-term imaging of large numbers of individual cells and transform the ability to quantitatively study distance-dependent microbe-microbe interactions. More uniquely, coupling accurate spatial patterning and full control over environmental conditions, as offered by microfluidic technology, would provide a powerful and versatile platform for single-cell studies in microbial ecology. 
This paper presents a microfluidic platform to produce versatile and user-defined patterns of microorganisms within a microfluidic channel, allowing complete optical access for long-term, high-throughput monitoring. This new microfluidic technology is based on capillarity-assisted particle assembly and exploits the capillary forces arising from the controlled motion of an evaporating suspension inside a microfluidic channel to deposit individual microsized objects in an array of traps microfabricated onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. Sequential depositions generate the desired spatial layout of single or multiple types of micro-sized objects, dictated solely by the geometry of the traps and the filling sequence. 
The platform has been calibrated using colloidal particles of different dimensions and materials: it has proven to be a powerful tool to generate diverse colloidal patterns and perform surface functionalization of trapped particles. Furthermore, the platform was tested on microbial cells, using Escherichia coli cells as a model bacterium. Thousands of individual cells were patterned on the surface, and their growth was monitored over time. In this platform, the coupling of single-cell deposition and microfluidic technology allows both geometric patterning of microorganisms and precise control of environmental conditions. It thus opens a window into the physiology of single microbes and the ecology of microbe-microbe interactions, as shown by preliminary experiments.

We present a technology that uses capillarity-assisted assembly in a microfluidic platform to pattern micro-sized objects suspended in a liquid, such as bacteria and colloids, into prescribed arrays on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate.

Sıralı Capillarity destekli Montaj yoluyla Mikroorganizmaların ve Mikropartiküllerin Deseni

Controlled patterning of microorganisms into defined spatial arrangements offers unique possibilities for a broad range of biological applications, ...

Mühendislik

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)&#8211;Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

In this manuscript, we first describe the fabrication protocol of a microfluidic chip, with gold dots and fibronectin-coated regions on the same glass substrate, that precisely controls the generation of tandem bubbles and individual cells patterned nearby with well-defined locations and shapes. We then demonstrate the generation of tandem bubbles by using two pulsed lasers illuminating a pair of gold dots with a few-microsecond time delay. We visualize the bubble-bubble interaction and jet formation by high-speed imaging and characterize the resultant flow field using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Finally, we present some applications of this technique for single cell analysis, including cell membrane poration with macromolecule uptake, localized membrane deformation determined by the displacements of attached integrin-binding beads, and intracellular calcium response from ratiometric imaging. Our results show that a fast and directional jetting flow is produced by the tandem bubble interaction, which can impose a highly localized shear stress on the surface of a cell grown in close proximity. Furthermore, different bioeffects can be induced by altering the strength of the jetting flow by adjusting the standoff distance from the cell to the tandem bubbles.

A microfluidic chip was fabricated to produce pairs of gold dots for tandem bubble generation and fibronectin-coated islands for single-cell patterning nearby. The resultant flow field was characterized by particle image velocimetry and was employed to study various bioeffects, including cell membrane poration, membrane deformation, and intracellular calcium response.

Tek hücreli Seviyesinde Kavitasyon Kabarcık (ler) -Hücre Etkileşim ve Sonuç biyoetkiler incelenmesi için yüzey Desenlendirme ile mikroakışkan Sistemi

In this manuscript, we first describe the fabrication protocol of a microfluidic chip, with gold dots and fibronectin-coated regions on the same glass ...

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients

This paper reports a microfluidic device made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with an embedded polycarbonate (PC) thin film to study cell migration under combinations of chemical and oxygen gradients. Both chemical and oxygen gradients can greatly affect cell migration in vivo; however, due to technical limitations, very little research has been performed to investigate their effects in vitro. The device developed in this research takes advantage of a series of serpentine-shaped channels to generate the desired chemical gradients and exploits a spatially confined chemical reaction method for oxygen gradient generation. The directions of the chemical and oxygen gradients are perpendicular to each other to enable straightforward migration result interpretation. In order to efficiently generate the oxygen gradients with minimal chemical consumption, the embedded PC thin film is utilized as a gas diffusion barrier. The developed microfluidic device can be actuated by syringe pumps and placed into a conventional cell incubator during cell migration experiments to allow for setup simplification and optimized cell culture conditions. In cell experiments, we used the device to study migrations of adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, A549, under combinations of chemokine (stromal cell-derived factor, SDF-1&#945;) and oxygen gradients. The experimental results show that the device can stably generate perpendicular chemokine and oxygen gradients and is compatible with cells. The migration study results indicate that oxygen gradients may play an essential role in guiding cell migration, and cellular behavior under combinations of gradients cannot be predicted from those under single gradients. The device provides a powerful and practical tool for researchers to study interactions between chemical and oxygen gradients in cell culture, which can promote better cell migration studies in more in vivo-like microenvironments.

The control of chemical and oxygen gradients is essential for cell cultures. This paper reports a polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate (PDMS-PC) microfluidic device capable of reliably generating combinations of chemical and oxygen gradients for cell migration studies, which can be practically utilized in biological labs without sophisticated instrumentation.

Hücre Göç Çalışmaları altında Dik Kimya ve Oksijen Gradyanların için polidimetilsiloksan-polikarbonat mikroakışkan Cihazlar

This paper reports a microfluidic device made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with an embedded polycarbonate (PC) thin film to study cell migration under ...

Microfluidic Tools for Probing Fungal-Microbial Interactions at the Cellular Level

Filamentous fungi are successful inhabitants of soil and play a major role in soil ecosystems, such as in the decomposition of organic and inorganic matter, as well as regulation of nutrient levels. There they also find numerous opportunities to interact with a variety of other microbes such as bacteria or other fungi. Studying fungal interactions at the cellular level, however, can be challenging owing to the black box-like nature of soil. New microfluidic tools are being developed for the study of fungal interactions; two platforms designed to study bacterial-fungal and fungal-fungal interactions are highlighted. Within these microchannels, fungal-microbial interactions can be monitored in controlled physico-chemical environments at higher temporal and spatial resolution than previously possible. Application of these tools have yielded numerous novel biological insights, such as the observation of bacterial polar attachment to hyphae or revealing uncharacterised fungal-fungal antagonisms. A key feature of these methodologies regards the ease of use of this tool by non-experts, yielding highly translatable technologies for use in microbiology labs.

Owing to the opacity of soil, interactions between its constituent microbes cannot easily be visualised with cellular resolution. Here, two microfluidic tools are presented, which offer new opportunities for investigating fungal-microbial interactions. The devices are versatile and simple to use, enabling high spatiotemporal control and high-resolution imaging at the cellular level.

Hücresel Düzeyde Mantar-Mikrobiyal Etkileşimleri Probalamak için Mikroakışkan Araçlar

Filamentous fungi are successful inhabitants of soil and play a major role in soil ecosystems, such as in the decomposition of organic and inorganic ...