Ye Wang, davranışsal eğitim ve Sorin Pojoga tartışmalar için teşekkür ederiz. NIH EUREKA Programı, Ulusal Göz Enstitüsü, Pew Scholars Program, James S. McDonnell Vakfı (VD) ve NIH Vizyon Eğitim Bursu (BJH) tarafından desteklenir.

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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Çok birim kayıtları kortekste sinir ağları uyaran bilgileri kodlamak nasıl analiz için standart haline gelmiştir. Elektrot teknolojisindeki son gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, laminer elektrotlar uygulanması yerel kortikal devreler benzeri görülmemiş bir karakterizasyonu sağlar. Çoklu elektrot kayıtları nöral nüfus dinamikleri hakkında yararlı bilgiler sunuyor olsa da, çoklu laminar elektrotlar daha yüksek çözünürlük ve nöronların özel konumu hakkında daha fazla bilgi sağlar. Ko...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Ekipman Adı </td><td> Şirket </td><td> Katalog numarası </td><td> Yorumlar </td></tr><tr><td> Nan Microdrive sistemi </td><td> Nan Aletleri </td><td> Nan-S4 </td><td> Şekil 2. Özel kelepçeler U-Probe kullanmak için gerekli. U-Probe dışında bahsettiğim her şeyin NAN aletleri tarafından sağlanmaktadır. </td></tr><tr><td> Vida mikro sürücülerindeki </td><td> MIT Machine Shop </td><td></td><td> NAN ızgara için bir rehber tüp güvenliğini sağlamak için mümkün olan her şeyi uygun olmalıdır. </td></tr><tr><td> Paslanmaz Çelik Kılavuzu Tüpler </td><td> Küçük Parçalar </td><td> B00137QHNS (1) veya B00137QHO2 (5) </td><td> Bu 60 uzun ve bir Dremel el matkabı kullanarak laboratuvarda boyutu kesme </td></tr><tr><td> Plexon U-Probe </td><td> Plexon, Inc </td><td> PLX-UP-16-25ED-100-SE-360-25T-500 </td><td> Ayrıca mevcut U-Probe özellikleri bak <a href="www.plexon.com">www.plexon.com</a> bkz. Şekil 1. </td></tr></tbody></table> Tablo 1: Donanım. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Yazılım Adı </td><td> Şirket </td><td> Web sitesi </td><td> Yorumlar </td></tr><tr><td> NAN yazılımı </td><td> NAN </td><td> <a href="http://www.naninstruments.com/DesignConcept.htm">http://www.naninstruments.com/DesignConcept.htm</a> </td><td> Bilgisayar arabirimi Plexon sistemi ve NAN donanım karşılamak için ek bir seri port gerektirir </td></tr><tr><td> Çevrimdışı Sıralayıcısı, FPAlign, PlexUtil, MATLAB programları </td><td> Plexon </td><td> <a href="http://www.plexon.com/downloads.html#Software">http://www.plexon.com/downloads.html # Yazılımı</a> </td><td> &#39;Kurulum Paketleri&#39; altında </td></tr><tr><td> NeuroExplorer </td><td> NeuroExplorer </td><td> <a href="http://www.neuroexplorer.com/">http://www.neuroexplorer.com/</a> </td><td> &#39;Kaynaklar&#39; başlığı altında </td></tr><tr><td> CSDplotter Sürüm 0.1.1 </td><td> Klas H. Petterson </td><td> <a href="http://arken.umb.no/~klaspe/user_guide.pdf">http://arken.umb.no/ ~ klaspe / user_guide.pdf</a> </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> Tablo 2. Yazılım.

examining local network processing using multi-contact laminar electrode recording

Kortikal katmanlar neokorteks yerel ağlarda son derece tekrarlayan oluşan 1-4 boyunca her yerde yapılardır. Son yıllarda önemli bir ilerleme, kortikal farklı katmanları 5-8 nöronların yanıt özelliklerinde farklılıklar anlayışımız, ama hala orada olup olmadığını ve ne nöron popülasyonları laminar özel bilgileri kodlamak hakkında bilgi almak için sol büyük bir oldu şekilde. Mevcut çok elektrot dizisi teknikleri, kortikal yüzey boyunca birçok kortikal alanı milimetre çapında yanıtlarını ölçmek için bilgilendirici, laminer kortikal devreler sorunu yaklaşım uygun olmasına rağmen. Burada bizim yöntem çoklu-temas laminer elektrotlar kullanan birincil görsel korteks (V1) kortikal katmanlar arasında bireysel nöronlar ve yerel alan potansiyelleri (LFPs) kurma ve kayıt için mevcut (Şekil 1; Plextrode U-Probe, Plexon Inc.) Dahil yöntemler kayıt cihazı inşaat, kortikal tabakalarının belirlenmesi, ve açık alanların bireysel nöronların belirlenmesi. Kortikal katmanları belirlemek için, tam sahada parladı uyaranlara kullanarak zaman serisi LFP uyarılmış yanıt potansiyeller (ERP) ölçer. Daha sonra katman 4 tabanı (lavabo, katman 4 içinde daha sonra granüler tabaka 9-12 olarak anılacaktır) lavabo-kaynak yapılandırma eşlik polarite inversiyon tanımlamak için kaynak akım yoğunluğu (CSD) analizi gerçekleştirmek . Akım kaynak yoğunluk yerini, yönünü ve transmembran akım yoğunluğu, bizi tek bir penetrasyon 6 tüm katmanları, 11, 12 kayıt elektrotları doğru pozisyonu sağlayan bir dizin sağladığından yararlıdır.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording at JoVE.com

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Farklı kortikal tabaka halinde ağlar, duyusal bilgileri kodlamak nasıl kortikal devre anlayışımızın temel bir konudur. Burada, kortikal katmanları belirlemek için tek birimler ve yerel alan potansiyelleri ve mevcut analizleri kaydetmek için multi-contact laminer elektrotlar kullanan elektrofizyolojik teknikler açıklanmaktadır.

Multi-contact kullanarak Yerel Ağ İşleme incelenmesi Laminer Elektrot Kayıt

Cortical layers are ubiquitous structures throughout neocortex1-4 that consist of highly recurrent local networks. In recent years, significant progress ...

examining-local-network-processing-using-multi-contact-laminar

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

12.7K Görüntüleme.  University of Texas. Farklı kortikal tabaka halinde ağlar, duyusal bilgileri kodlamak nasıl kortikal devre anlayışımızın temel bir konudur. Burada, kortikal katmanları belirlemek için tek birimler ve yerel alan potansiyelleri ve mevcut analizleri kaydetmek için multi-contact laminer elektrotlar kullanan elektrofizyolojik teknikler açıklanmaktadır.

Video: Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

While it is well known that the central respiratory drive is located in the brainstem, several aspects of its basic function, development, and response to stimuli remain to be fully understood. To overcome the difficulty of accessing the brainstem in the whole animal, isolation of the brainstem and part of the spinal cord is performed. This preparation is maintained in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid where gases, concentrations, and temperature are controlled and monitored. The output signal from the respiratory network is recorded by a suction electrode placed on the fourth ventral root. In this manner, stimuli can be directly applied onto the brainstem, and the effect can be recorded directly. The signal recorded is linked to the inspiratory signal sent to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve, and can be described as bursts (around 8 bursts per minute). Analysis of these bursts (frequency, amplitude, length, and area under the curve) allows precise characterization of the stimulus effect on the respiratory network. The main limitation of this method is the viability of the preparation beyond the early post-natal stages. Thus, this method greatly focuses on the study of the whole network without the peripheral inputs in the newborn rat.

The central respiratory drive is located in the brainstem. Spontaneous respiratory motor output from an isolated brainstem-spinal cord is recorded by placing an electrode on the fourth ventral root. This experimental approach is valuable for pharmacological investigations or the assessment of respiratory challenges and genetic manipulations on rhythmic motor behavior.

Yenidoğan Kemirgenler İzole Beyin Sapı-spinal Kordon Müstahzarlar Elektrofizyoloji Sinir Solunum Ağı Çıktı Kayıt verir

While it is well known that the central respiratory drive is located in the brainstem, several aspects of its basic function, development, and response to ...

Nörobilim

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network dynamics in neuronal cultures. In contrast with more traditional methods, such as patch-clamping, which can only record activity from a single cell, MEAs can record simultaneously from multiple sites in a network, without requiring the arduous task of placing each electrode individually. Moreover, numerous control and stimulation configurations can be easily applied within the same experimental setup, allowing for a broad range of dynamics to be explored. One of the key dynamics of interest in these in vitro studies has been the extent to which cultured networks display properties indicative of learning. Mouse neuronal cells cultured on MEAs display an increase in response following training induced by electrical stimulation. This protocol demonstrates how to culture neuronal cells on MEAs; successfully record from over 95% of the plated dishes; establish a protocol to train the networks to respond to patterns of stimulation; and sort, plot, and interpret the results from such experiments. The use of a proprietary system for stimulating and recording neuronal cultures is demonstrated. Software packages are also used to sort neuronal units. A custom-designed graphical user interface is used to visualize post-stimulus time histograms, inter-burst intervals, and burst duration, as well as to compare the cellular response to stimulation before and after a training protocol. Finally, representative results and future directions of this research effort are discussed.

Mouse neuronal cells cultured on multi-electrode arrays display an increase in response following electrical stimulation. This protocol demonstrates how to culture neurons, how to record activity, and how to establish a protocol to train the networks to respond to patterns of stimulation.

Mikro Elektrod Dizilerinde Nöronal Hücre Kültürlerinin Uyarılmasına Ağ Yanıtına Zamana Bağlı Artış

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network ...

Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent

Although electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used as a non-invasive technique for recording neural activities of the brain, our understanding of the neurogenesis of EEG is still very limited. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded via a multi-laminar microelectrode can provide a more detailed account of simultaneous neural activity across different cortical layers in the neocortex, but the technique is invasive. Combining EEG and LFP measurements in a pre-clinical model can greatly enhance understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in the generation of EEG signals, and facilitate the derivation of a more realistic and biologically accurate mathematical model of EEG. A simple procedure for acquiring concurrent and co-localized EEG and multi-laminar LFP signals in the anesthetized rodent is presented here. We also investigated whether EEG signals were significantly affected by a burr hole drilled in the skull for the insertion of a microelectrode. Our results suggest that the burr hole has a negligible impact on EEG recordings.

This protocol describes a simple method for concurrent recording of co-localized electroencephalography (EEG) and multi-laminar local field potential in an anesthetized rat. A burr hole drilled in the skull for the insertion of a microelectrode is shown to produce negligible distortion of the EEG signal.

Co yerelleştirilmiş elektroansefalografi ve yerel alan potansiyel kemirgen eşzamanlı kayıt

Although electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used as a non-invasive technique for recording neural activities of the brain, our understanding of the ...

Examining Monosynaptic Connections in Drosophila Using Tetrodotoxin Resistant Sodium Channels

Here, a new technique termed Tetrotoxin (TTX) Engineered Resistance for Probing Synapses (TERPS) is applied to test for monosynaptic connections between target neurons. The method relies on co-expression of a transgenic activator with the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel, NaChBac, in a specific presynaptic neuron. Connections with putative post-synaptic partners are determined by whole-cell recordings in the presence of TTX, which blocks electrical activity in neurons that do not express NaChBac. This approach can be modified to work with any activator or calcium imaging as a reporter of connections. TERPS adds to the growing set of tools available for determining connectivity within networks. However, TERPS is unique in that it also reliably reports bulk or volume transmission and spillover transmission.

Examining Monosynaptic Connections in Drosophila Using Tetrodotoxin Resistant Sodium Channels

This article features a method to test the monosynaptic connections between neurons by employing tetrodotoxin and the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel, NaChBac.

Tetradotoksin dayanıklı sodyum kanallarını kullanarak Drosophila Monosynaptic bağlantıları inceleyerek

Here, a new technique termed Tetrotoxin (TTX) Engineered Resistance for Probing Synapses (TERPS) is applied to test for monosynaptic connections between ...

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

This article demonstrates complete, detailed procedures for both in vivo bilateral recording and analysis of local field potential (LFP) in the cortical areas of mice, which are useful for evaluating possible laterality deficits, as well as for assessing brain connectivity and coupling of neural network activities in rodents. The pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disease, remain largely unknown. Altered brain laterality has been demonstrated in aging people, but whether or not abnormal lateralization is one of the early signs of AD has not been determined. To investigate this, we recorded bilateral LFPs in 3-5-month-old AD model mice, APP/PS1, together with littermate wild type (WT) controls. The LFPs of the left and right secondary motor cortex (M2), specifically in the gamma band, were more synchronized in APP/PS1 mice than in WT controls, suggesting a declined hemispheric asymmetry of bilateral M2 in this AD mouse model. Notably, the recording and data analysis processes are flexible and easy to carry out, and can also be applied to other brain pathways when conducting experiments that focus on neuronal circuits.

We present in vivo electrophysiological recording of the local field potential (LFP) in bilateral secondary motor cortex (M2) of mice, which can be applied to evaluate hemisphere lateralization. The study revealed altered levels of synchronization between the left and right M2 in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT controls.

Fareler Ikincil motor korteks bilateral lokal saha potansiyel kayıt ile Yarımküre lateralizasyon değerlendirilmesi

This article demonstrates complete, detailed procedures for both in vivo bilateral recording and analysis of local field potential (LFP) in the cortical ...

Recording Network Activity in Spinal Nociceptive Circuits Using Microelectrode Arrays

The roles and connectivity of specific types of neurons within the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) are being delineated at a rapid rate to provide an increasingly detailed view of the circuits underpinning spinal pain processing. However, the effects of these connections for broader network activity in the DH remain less well understood because most studies focus on the activity of single neurons and small microcircuits. Alternatively, the use of microelectrode arrays (MEAs), which can monitor electrical activity across many cells, provides high spatial and temporal resolution of neural activity. Here, the use of MEAs with mouse spinal cord slices to study DH activity induced by chemically stimulating DH circuits with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is described. The resulting rhythmic activity is restricted to the superficial DH, stable over time, blocked by tetrodotoxin, and can be investigated in different slice orientations. Together, this preparation provides a platform to investigate DH circuit activity in tissue from na&#239;ve animals, animal models of chronic pain, and mice with genetically altered nociceptive function. Furthermore, MEA recordings in 4-AP-stimulated spinal cord slices can be used as a rapid screening tool to assess the capacity of novel antinociceptive compounds to disrupt activity in the spinal cord DH.

The combined use of microelectrode array technology and 4-aminopyridine-induced chemical stimulation for investigating network-level nociceptive activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn is outlined.

Spinal Nosiseptif Devrelerde Ağ Aktivitesini Mikroelektrot Dizileri Kullanarak Kaydetme

The roles and connectivity of specific types of neurons within the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) are being delineated at a rapid rate to provide an ...

Drosophila Nöromüsküler Kavşaklarda ve Kas Hücrelerinde Mikrotübül Ağlarının Görüntülenmesi

Using Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle Cells to Visualize Microtubule Network

The microtubule network is an essential component of the nervous system. Mutations in many microtubules regulatory proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological diseases, such as microtubule-associated protein Tau to neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule severing protein Spastin and Katanin 60 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, respectively. Detection of microtubule networks in neurons is advantageous for elucidating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. However, the small size of neurons and the dense arrangement of axonal microtubule bundles make visualizing the microtubule networks challenging. In this study, we describe a method for dissection of the larval neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, as well as immunostaining of &#945;-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein Futsch to visualize microtubule networks in Drosophila melanogaster. The neuromuscular junction permits us to observe both pre-and post-synaptic microtubules, and the large size of muscle cells in Drosophila larva allows for clear visualization of the microtubule network. Here, by mutating and overexpressing Katanin 60 in Drosophila melanogaster,&#160;and then examining the microtubule networks in the neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, we&#160;accurately reveal the regulatory role of Katanin 60 in neurodevelopment. Therefore, combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila&#160;melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

Yazar Spotlight: Drosophila nöromüsküler kavşaklarında mikrotübül ağını anlamak 

Here, we present a detailed protocol to visualize the microtubule networks in neuromuscular junctions and muscle cells. Combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule-dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.