Biz Amira ile optik veri 3D render için Paul JL Webster kabul ediyorsunuz. Phil Muñoz ve Benjamin Franta geliştirilmesi sürecinde yazması hakkında geri bildirim sağladı. Bu yazıda anlatılan araştırma hibeleri FA9550-09-1-0546 ve FA9550-10-1-0402 kapsamında Bilimsel Araştırma Hava Kuvvetleri Ofisi tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1. Metal iyon Katkılı Polimer Film Hazırlanması <ol><li> Bir beher su 8 ml ölçün. </li><li> Su ile PVP 206 mg ekleyin. Çözümü netleşene kadar manyetik karıştırıcı veya vorteks karıştırıcı kullanılarak karıştırılır. </li><li> Çözeltisine AgNO 3 210 mg ekleyin. Çözümü netleşene kadar manyetik karıştırıcı veya vorteks karıştırıcı kullanılarak karıştırılır. </li><li> Damla döküm yoluyla çözümü ile kaplayın cam slayt. </li><li> 100 ° C bir fırın grubu içinde yer cam slayt 30 dakika için örnek pişirilir. </li><li> Fırından örnek çıkarın ve 30 dakika soğumaya bırakın. </li></ol> 2. Disconnected Gümüş Yapıların İmalatı <ol><li> Titreşim izolatörleri ile optik tablo Şekil 1&#39;de gösterildiği kurulum hizalayın. </li><li> Mikroskop objektif sonrası 50-FSEC bakliyat elde kompresör ayarlayın. </li><li> Nesnel sonra 3-nJ bakliyat elde nötral yoğunluk filtreleri ayarlayın. </li><li> Lazer spot büyüklüğü olun mikroskop objektif arka diyafram daha büyüktür. </li><li>Örnek aydınlatılır sırasında 10 μsec pozlama pencereleri üretmek için acousto-optik modülatör ayarlayın. </li><li> Bu 3 eksenli çeviri sahneye mikroskop ve yeri örnek ulaşır Blok lazer ışını önce. Femtosaniye lazer atımlarının ışın yolu görüntüleme amacı ile mikroskop ve numune içine geçmesi gerekir. </li><li> CCD kamera kullanarak in-situ örneği gözlemlemek için mikroskop ışık kaynağı açın. </li><li> Cam yüzey ve polimer film arasında arayüz bulmak için sahne z ekseni Çevir. Daha sonra, modelleme en alttaki katman için polimer içinde istenilen derinliğe kadar mikroskop yönlendirmesi. Modelleme sırasında Z-çeviri fabrikasyon yapılar ile saçılma olmaması için cam polimer arayüzü yönünde olmalıdır. </li><li> 100 mikron / sn hız ile yol tarifi -, - y - ve z lazer ışını ve set hareket denetleyicisi yazılımı x örnek çevirmek engellemesini kaldırın. 10 μsec bir için tek vokseller ışınnet in-situ görüntüleme için en az birkaç mikrometre ile nd ayrı komşu vokseller. 25 Hz acousto-optik modülatör tekrarlama hızının ayarlanması 4-mikron aralığı üretecek. Lazer maruz kalan bölgelerde gümüş yapıları içerecektir. </li></ol>

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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+spatial+resolution+of+two-photon+microfabrication+by+using+photoinitiator+with+high+initiating+efficiency.">Improving spatial resolution of two-photon microfabrication by using photoinitiator with high initiating efficiency.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131106 (2007).</li><li>Tan, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduction+in+feature+size+of+two-photon+polymerization+using+SCR500.">Reduction in feature size of two-photon polymerization using SCR500.</a> Appl. Phys. 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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Işlemin anahtarı yüksek çözünürlüklü üretim sağlayan katkılı dielektrik matris elde edilir, ancak hazırlandıktan sonra en kısa aşağılamak değildir. PVP, AgNO 3 ve H 2 O basit bir karışımı bir destek matriks içine gömülü yüksek çözünürlüklü gümüş nanoyapıların oluşturulmasını sağlar. AgNO 3 oranı PVP değişen üretim için gerekli lazer enerjisi değiştirebilir ve bu özelliği çözünürlük gibi potansiyel olarak diğer özellikleri olacak...

a method to fabricate disconnected silver nanostructures in 3d

Standart Nanofabrikasyona araç öncelikle dielektrik medya 2D desenleri yaratmayı amaçlayan teknikler içerir. Bir mikron ölçekte metal desenleri oluşturma Nanofabrikasyona araçları ve çeşitli malzeme işleme adımları bir arada gerektirir. Örneğin, ultraviyole fotolitografi ve elektron demeti litografi kullanarak düzlemsel metal yapılar örnek pozlamaya, örnek geliştirme, metal birikimi, ve metal Fırlatmaya içerebilir oluşturmak için adımlar. 3D metal yapılar oluşturmak için, sırası birden çok kez tekrarlanır. Çoklu katmanlar istifleme ve uyumlaştırma karmaşıklığı ve zorluğu standart Nanofabrikasyona araçları kullanarak 3D Metal yapılanma pratik uygulamaları sınırlar. Femtosecond lazer doğrudan yazma 3D Nanofabrikasyona için seçkin bir teknik olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. 1,2 Femtosecond lazerler sık polimerler ve gözlük 3D modelleri oluşturmak için kullanılır. 3-7 Ancak, 3D metal direk-yazma bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Burada,800 nm&#39;de merkezlenmiş bir femtosaniye lazer kullanılarak polimer bir matris içine gömülü gümüş nanoyapıları imal etmek için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Yöntem böyle bir kesik gümüş voksel 3B dizileri gibi diğer teknikler kullanılarak uygulanabilir olmadığı kalıpların üretimi sağlar. 8 Ayrılmış 3D metal desenler örneğin çiftli metal nokta 10 gibi birim hücre birbirleri ile temas halinde olmayan metamalzemeler, 9 için yararlıdır 11 veya çiftli metal çubuk 12,13 rezonatörler. Potansiyel uygulamalar negatif endeks metamalzemeler, görünmezlik pelerinleri, ve mükemmel lensler vardır. Femtosaniye lazer doğrudan yazma, lazer dalgaboyu şekilde foton lineer hedef ortamda absorbe edilmez seçilir. Lazer darbeli süre femtosaniye zaman ölçeği için sıkıştırılır ve radyasyon sıkıca hedef içinde odaklandığı zaman, son derece yüksek yoğunluklu doğrusal olmayan emme indükler. Birden fotonlar aynı anda emilirodaklanmış bölgede malzemenin modifikasyona sebep elektronik geçişler neden ly. Bu yaklaşımı kullanarak, tek bir malzeme kütlesinin yerine kendi yüzeyi üzerinde yapılar oluşturabilir. 3D doğrudan metal yazma çoğu iş kendinden destekli metal yapılar oluşturmaya odaklanmıştır. 14-16 yöntemi burada bir matris içine gömülü olduğundan kendinden destekli olması gerekmez alt-mikrometre gümüş yapılar üretir nitelendirdi. Katkılı bir polimer matris, bir gümüş nitrat karışımı (AgNO 3), polivinilpirolidon (PVP) ve su (H2O) kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Örnekler daha sonra 50-fs bakliyat üreten bir 11 MHz femtosecond lazer ile ışınlama ile desenli. Işınlama süresince gümüş iyonları Fotolitik fokal bölgede gümüş nanopartikülleri bir toplam oluşturma, doğrusal olmayan soğurma ile indüklenir. Bu yaklaşımı kullanarak bir katkılı PVP matriks içinde gömülü gümüş desenleri oluşturmak. S 3D çevirisi eklemeGeniş üç boyuta desenlendirme uzanır.

Acousto-optik modülatör ve nötral yoğunluk filtreleri (Şekil 1) bir örnek yatırılır enerji miktarını kontrol etmenizi sağlar. Aşamasında 100 mikron / sn çeviri ile, voksel ve puls başına 3 nJ başına 110 bakliyat bir pozlama kullanarak, çıkan gümüş yapıların yerinde optik mikroskop ile kolayca görülebilir. Alt lazer maruziyet düzeyleri (darbe enerjisi ve / veya nabız sayısını azaltarak) küçük gümüş özelliklerine kurşun;. Biz 300 nm gibi küçük özellikl...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D at JoVE.com

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

Femtosecond lazer doğrudan yazma sık polimerler ve gözlük üç boyutlu (3D) desenleri oluşturmak için kullanılır. Ancak, 3D modelleme metal bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Biz 800 nm&#39;de merkezlenmiş bir femtosaniye lazer kullanılarak polimer bir matris içine gömülü gümüş nanoyapıların imalatı için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır.

3D Disconnected Gümüş Nanoyapılar Fabrikasyona için Bir Yöntem

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

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13.7K Görüntüleme.  Harvard University. Femtosecond lazer doğrudan yazma sık polimerler ve gözlük üç boyutlu (3D) desenleri oluşturmak için kullanılır. Ancak, 3D modelleme metal bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Biz 800 nm'de merkezlenmiş bir femtosaniye lazer kullanılarak polimer bir matris içine gömülü gümüş nanoyapıların imalatı için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır.

Video: A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses triangulation between matching points in two views of the same scene at different angles to compute depth.&#160;However, unlike a stereo-based method, DFP uses a digital video projector to replace one of the cameras1. The projector rapidly projects a known sinusoidal pattern onto the subject, and the surface of the subject distorts these patterns in the camera&#8217;s field of view. Three distorted patterns (fringe images) from the camera can be used to compute the depth using triangulation.
Unlike other 3D measurement methods, DFP techniques lead to systems that tend to be faster, lower in equipment cost, more flexible, and easier to develop.&#160;DFP systems can also achieve the same measurement resolution as the camera.&#160;For this reason, DFP and other digital structured light techniques have recently been the focus of intense research (as summarized in1-5). Taking advantage of DFP, the graphics processing unit, and optimized algorithms, we have developed a system capable of 30&#160;Hz 3D video data acquisition, reconstruction, and display for over 300,000 measurement points per frame6,7.&#160;Binary defocusing DFP methods can achieve even greater speeds8.
Diverse applications can benefit from DFP techniques. Our collaborators have used our systems for facial function analysis9, facial animation10, cardiac mechanics studies11, and fluid surface measurements, but many other potential applications exist.&#160;This video will teach the fundamentals of DFP techniques and illustrate the design and operation of a binary defocusing DFP system.

This video describes the fundamentals of digital fringe projection techniques, which provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;It also demonstrates the design and operation of a high-speed binary defocusing system based on these techniques.

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses ...

Mühendislik

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.

Oxide nanostructures provide new opportunities for science and technology. The interfacial conductivity between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can be controlled with near-atomic precision using a conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The protocol for creating and measuring conductive nanostructures at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces is demonstrated.

Yazma ve Oksit Nanoyapıların Düşük Sıcaklık Karakterizasyonu

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

Ohmic Contact Fabrication Using a Focused-ion Beam Technique and Electrical Characterization for Layer Semiconductor Nanostructures

Layer semiconductors with easily processed two-dimensional (2D) structures exhibit indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions and superior transistor performance, which suggest a new direction for the development of next-generation ultrathin and flexible photonic and electronic devices. Enhanced luminescence quantum efficiency has been widely observed in these atomically thin 2D crystals. However, dimension effects beyond quantum confinement thicknesses or even at the micrometer scale are not expected and have rarely been observed. In this study, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) layer crystals with a thickness range of 6-2,700 nm were fabricated as two- or four-terminal devices. Ohmic contact formation was successfully achieved by the focused-ion beam (FIB) deposition method using platinum (Pt) as a contact metal. Layer crystals with various thicknesses were prepared through simple mechanical exfoliation by using dicing tape. Current-voltage curve measurements were performed to determine the conductivity value of the layer nanocrystals. In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffractometry, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the interface of the metal&#8211;semiconductor contact of the FIB-fabricated MoSe2 devices. After applying the approaches, the substantial thickness-dependent electrical conductivity in a wide thickness range for the MoSe2-layer semiconductor was observed. The conductivity increased by over two orders of magnitude from 4.6 to 1,500 &#937;&#8722;1 cm&#8722;1, with a decrease in the thickness from 2,700 to 6 nm. In addition, the temperature-dependent conductivity indicated that the thin MoSe2 multilayers exhibited considerably weak semiconducting behavior with activation energies of 3.5-8.5 meV, which are considerably smaller than those (36-38 meV) of the bulk. Probable surface-dominant transport properties and the presence of a high surface electron concentration in MoSe2 are proposed. Similar results can be obtained for other layer semiconductor materials such as MoS2 and WS2.

We describe the approaches for the device fabrication and electrical characterization of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) layer semiconductor nanostructures with different thicknesses. In addition, the fabrication of ohmic contacts for MoSe2-layer nanocrystals by the focused-ion beam deposition method using platinum (Pt) as a contact metal is described.

Ohmik İletişim Fabrikasyon bir Odaklı iyon Işın Tekniği ve Elektriksel Karakterizasyonu Katmanı Yarıiletken Nanoyapıların için kullanma

Layer semiconductors with easily processed two-dimensional (2D) structures exhibit indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions and superior transistor ...

Integration of Light Trapping Silver Nanostructures in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Transfer Printing

One of the potential applications of metal nanostructures is light trapping in solar cells, where unique optical properties of nanosized metals, commonly known as plasmonic effects, play an important role. Research in this field has, however, been impeded owing to the difficulty of fabricating devices containing the desired functional metal nanostructures. In order to provide a viable strategy to this issue, we herein show a transfer printing-based approach that allows the quick and low-cost integration of designed metal nanostructures with a variety of device architectures, including solar cells. Nanopillar poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps were fabricated from a commercially available nanohole plastic film as a master mold. On this nanopatterned PDMS stamps, Ag films were deposited, which were then transfer-printed onto block copolymer (binding layer)-coated hydrogenated microcrystalline Si (&#181;c-Si:H) surface to afford ordered Ag nanodisk structures. It was confirmed that the resulting Ag nanodisk-incorporated &#181;c-Si:H solar cells show higher performances compared to a cell without the transfer-printed Ag nanodisks, thanks to plasmonic light trapping effect derived from the Ag nanodisks. Because of the simplicity and versatility, further device application would also be feasible thorough this approach.

A viable transfer printing-based methodology to introduce plasmonic metal nanostructures in solar cells is described. Using nanopillar poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamps, an Ag-based ordered nanodisk array was integrated with standard hydrogenated microcrystalline Si solar cells, which led to improved device performances due to plasmonic light trapping.

Transfer Baskı ile Hidrojene Mikrokristal Silikon Güneş Pilleri Işık Yakalama Gümüş Nanoyapıların Entegrasyonu

One of the potential applications of metal nanostructures is light trapping in solar cells, where unique optical properties of nanosized metals, commonly ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is the preparation of stretchable conductors with great mechanical stability. In this study, we developed a simple fabrication method to chemically solder the contact points between silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. AgNW nanomesh was first deposited on a glass slide via spray coating method. A reactive ink composed of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) precursors was applied over the spray coated AgNW thin films. After heating for 40 min, AgNPs were preferentially generated over the nanowire junctions to solder the AgNW nanomesh, and reinforced the conducting network. The chemically modified AgNW thin film was then transferred to polyurethane (PU) substrates by casting method. The soldered AgNW thin films on PU exhibited no obvious change in electrical conductivity under stretching or rolling process with elongation strains up to 120%.

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

Gümüş Nanotel ile son derece Gerilebilir İletkenler için bir Fabrikasyon Yöntemi

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions &#8212; A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

A comprehensive rheological characterization of highly concentrated suspensions or pastes is mandatory for a targeted product development meeting the manifold requirements during processing and application of such complex fluids. In this investigation, measuring protocols for a conclusive assessment of different process relevant rheological parameters have been evaluated. This includes the determination of yield stress, viscosity, wall slip velocity, structural recovery after large deformation and elongation at break as well as tensile force during filament stretching.
The importance of concomitant video recordings during parallel-plate rotational rheometry for a significant determination of rheological quantities is demonstrated. The deformation profile and flow field at the sample edge can be determined using appropriate markers. Thus, measurement parameter settings and plate roughness values can be identified for which yield stress and viscosity measurements are possible. Slip velocity can be measured directly and measuring conditions at which plug flow, shear banding or sample spillover occur can be identified clearly. 
Video recordings further confirm that the change in shear moduli observed during three stage oscillatory shear tests with small deformation amplitude in stage I and III but large oscillation amplitude in stage II can be directly attributed to structural break down and recovery. For the pastes investigated here, the degree of irreversible, shear-induced structural change increases with increasing deformation amplitude in stage II until a saturation is reached at deformations corresponding to the crossover of G' and G'', but the irreversible damage is independent of the duration of large amplitude shear. 
A capillary breakup elongational rheometer and a tensile tester have been used to characterize deformation and breakup behavior of highly filled pastes in uniaxial elongation. Significant differences were observed in all experiments described above for two commercial screen-printing silver pastes used for front side metallization of Si-solar cells.

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions &amp;#8212; A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

A protocol for a robust and application relevant rheological characterization of highly concentrated suspensions is presented. Silver pastes used for screen-printing application in solar cell production are employed as model systems.

Son derece Konsantre Süspansiyonlarının reolojik Karakterizasyonunda Zorluklar - Ekran-baskı Gümüş Pastaları için bir Vaka Çalışması

A comprehensive rheological characterization of highly concentrated suspensions or pastes is mandatory for a targeted product development meeting the ...

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted huge attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Since wafer scale synthesis of 2D materials is still in nascent stages, scientists cannot fully rely on traditional semiconductor techniques for related research. Delicate processes from locating the materials to electrode definition need to be well controlled. In this article, a universal fabrication protocol required in manufacturing nanoscale electronics, such as 2D quasi-heterojunction bipolar transistors (Q-HBT), and 2D back-gated transistors are demonstrated. This protocol includes the determination of material position, electron beam lithography (EBL), metal electrode definition, et al. A step by step narrative of the fabrication procedures for these devices are also presented. Furthermore, results show that each of the fabricated devices has achieved high performance with high repeatability. This work reveals a comprehensive description of process flow for preparing 2D nano-electronics, enables the research groups to access this information, and pave the way toward future electronics.

The article aims to introduce a standard and reliable fabrication procedure for the development of future low dimensional nanoelectronics.

İki boyutlu nanoelektronik imal etmek standart ve güvenilir bir yöntem

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted huge attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Since wafer scale synthesis of 2D ...

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-film Solar Cells

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes normally result in very poor cell performance. Embedding or sandwiching silver nanowires using moderately conductive transparent materials, such as indium tin oxide or zinc oxide, can improve cell performance. However, the solution-processed matrix layers can cause a significant number of interfacial defects between transparent electrodes and the CdS buffer, which can eventually result in low cell performance. This manuscript describes how to fabricate robust electrical contact between a silver nanowire electrode and the underlying CdS buffer layer in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell, enabling high cell performance using matrix-free silver nanowire transparent electrodes. The matrix-free silver nanowire electrode fabricated by our method proves that the charge-carrier collection capability of silver nanowire electrode-based cells is as good as that of standard cells with sputtered ZnO:Al/i-ZnO as long as the silver nanowires and CdS have high-quality electrical contact. The high-quality electrical contact was achieved by depositing an additional CdS layer as thin as 10 nm onto the silver nanowire surface.

Fabrication of Robust Nanoscale Contact between a Silver Nanowire Electrode and CdS Buffer Layer in CuIn,GaSe2 Thin-film Solar Cells

In this protocol, we describe the detailed experimental procedure for the fabrication of a robust nanoscale contact between a silver nanowire network and CdS buffer layer in a CIGS thin-film solar cell.

Gümüş Nanowire elektrot ve CD tampon katmanı arasında cu (ın, GA) se2 ince-film güneş pilleri arasında sağlam Nanoölçek temas imalatı

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been employed as window layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. Bare silver nanowire electrodes ...

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Photonic crystals are periodic nanostructures that can support a variety of confined electromagnetic modes. Such confined modes are usually accompanied by local enhancement of electric field intensity that strengthens light-matter interactions, enabling applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface plasmon enhanced sensing. In the presence of magneto-optically active materials, the local field enhancement gives rise to anomalous magneto-optical activity. Typically, the confined modes of a given photonic crystal depend strongly on the wavelength and incidence angle of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Thus, spectral and angular-resolved measurements are needed to fully identify them as well as to establish their relationship with the magneto-optical activity of the crystal. In this article, we describe how to use a Fourier-plane (back focal plane) microscope to characterize magneto-optically active samples. As a model system, here we use a plasmonic grating built out of magneto-optically active Au/Co/Au multilayer. In the experiments, we apply a magnetic field on the grating in situ and measure its reciprocal space response, obtaining the magneto-optical response of the grating over a range of wavelengths and incident angles. This information enables us to build a complete map of the plasmonic band structure of the grating and the angle and wavelength dependent magneto-optical activity. These two images allow us to pinpoint the effect that the plasmon resonances have on the magneto-optical response of the grating. The relatively small magnitude of magneto-optical effects requires a careful treatment of the acquired optical signals. To this end, an image processing protocol for obtaining magneto-optical response from the acquired raw data is laid out.

Photonic band structure enables understanding how confined electromagnetic modes propagate within a photonic crystal. In photonic crystals that incorporate magnetic elements, such confined and resonant optical modes are accompanied by enhanced and modified magneto-optical activity. We describe a measurement procedure to extract the magneto-optical band structure by Fourier space microscopy.

Fotonik Nanoyapıların Spektral ve Açı Çözümlü Manyeto-Optik Karakterizasyonu

Photonic crystals are periodic nanostructures that can support a variety of confined electromagnetic modes. Such confined modes are usually accompanied by ...