אנו מכירים בפול JL ובסטר לטיוח 3D של נתונים אופטיים עם אמירה. פיל מוניוז ובנימין פרנטה נתנו משוב על כתב היד לאורך התפתחותו. המחקר המתואר במאמר זה היה נתמך על ידי חיל האוויר של המשרד למחקר מדעי במסגרת מענקי FA9550-09-1-0546 וFA9550-10-1-0402.

1. הכנת סרט מתכת יון פולימר מסומם <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מדוד 8 מיליליטר המים בכוס. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הוסף 206 מ&quot;ג PVP למים. מערבב באמצעות stirrer המגנטי או מערבל מערבולת עד הפתרון הוא ברור. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הוסף מ&quot;ג 210 מתוך 3 אגנו לפתרון. מערבב באמצעות stirrer המגנטי או מערבל מערבולת עד הפתרון הוא ברור. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> שקופית זכוכית מעייל עם פתרון באמצעות ליהוק טיפה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> שקופית זכוכית מקום בסט תנור ב 100 ° C. אופה מדגם למשך 30 דקות. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הסר מדגם מתנור ומצנן במשך 30 דקות. </li></ol> 2. ייצור של מבני כסף מנותק <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> יישר התקנה המתוארת באיור 1 על שולחן אופטי עם רטט מבודד. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> התאם מדחס לקבל פולסים 50-fsec לאחר אובייקטיבי מיקרוסקופ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> התאם מסנני צפיפות ניטראליים להשיג פולסים 3-NJ לאחר אובייקטיבי. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ודא גודל כתם ליזר גדול מגב של צמצם אובייקטיבי מיקרוסקופ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl">הגדר מאפנן acousto אופטי כדי לייצר חלונות חשיפה 10-μsec שבמהלכו הוקרן המדגם. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> קרן ליזר בלוק לפני שהוא מגיע מדגם מיקרוסקופ ומקום על במה של תרגום 3-ציר. נתיב הקרן של פעימות ליזר femtosecond צריך לעבור הדרך האובייקטיבית מיקרוסקופ הדמיה ולמדגם. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הפעל מקור תאורת מיקרוסקופ כדי לבחון את הדגימה ב-situ באמצעות מצלמת CCD. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> תרגום ציר z של שלב למצוא ממשק בין מצע זכוכית וסרט פולימר. ואז, למקד מחדש את המיקרוסקופ לעומק הרצוי בתוך פולימר לתחתון ביותר שכבת דפוסים. Z-תרגום בדפוסים חייב להיות בכיוון מזכוכית פולימר הממשק להימנע מפיזור עם מבנים מפוברקים. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ביטול חסימת קרן ליזר ותוכנות סט תנועת בקר לתרגם מדגם בx -, y - z ו-- כיוונים במהירות של 100 מיקרומטר / sec. להקרין voxels הבודד עבור 10 μsecvoxels nd הנפרד השכן של לפחות כמה מיקרומטרים להדמיה ברורה באתרו. הגדרת שיעור החזרת מאפנן acousto אופטי עד 25 הרץ יהיה לייצר מרווח 4-מיקרומטר. ליזר אזורים חשופים יכילו מבני כסף. </li></ol>

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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+spatial+resolution+of+two-photon+microfabrication+by+using+photoinitiator+with+high+initiating+efficiency.">Improving spatial resolution of two-photon microfabrication by using photoinitiator with high initiating efficiency.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131106 (2007).</li><li>Tan, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduction+in+feature+size+of+two-photon+polymerization+using+SCR500.">Reduction in feature size of two-photon polymerization using SCR500.</a> Appl. Phys. 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אין ניגודי האינטרסים הכריזו.

המפתח לתהליך קבלת מטריצת דיאלקטרי מסוממת שמאפשרת ייצור ברזולוציה גבוה, אבל לא לבזות מייד לאחר הכנה. תערובת פשוטה של PVP, 3 אגנו וH 2 O מאפשרת יצירה של ננו הכסף רזולוציה גבוהה אשר מוטבעים בתוך מטריצת תמיכה. משתנה PVP עד 3 יחס אגנו ישנה את האנרגיה הדרושה לייצ...

a method to fabricate disconnected silver nanostructures in 3d

ערכת כלי nanofabrication הסטנדרטית כוללת טכניקות שנועדו בעיקר ליצירת דפוסי 2D בתקשורת דיאלקטרי. יצירת דפוסי מתכת בהיקף submicron דורשת שילוב של כלי nanofabrication וכמה שלבי עיבוד חומרים. לדוגמה, על שלבים ליצירת מבני מתכת מישוריים באמצעות photolithography הסגול וקרן אלקטרונים ליתוגרפיה יכולים לכלול חשיפת מדגם, פיתוח מדגם, תצהיר מתכת, ומתכת המראה. כדי ליצור מבני מתכת 3D, הרצף חוזר על עצמו מספר פעמים. המורכבות והקושי של לערום ויישור שכבות מרובות מגבילות יישומים מעשיים של בניית מתכת באמצעות 3D nanofabrication כלים סטנדרטיים. כתיבה ישירה femtosecond הליזר התפתחה טכניקה מראש יחסנית עבור nanofabrication 3D. 1,2 לייזרי Femtosecond משמשים לעתים קרובות כדי ליצור דפוסי 3D בפולימרים וכוסות. 3-7 עם זאת, מתכת 3D ישירה כתיבה-עדיין מהווה אתגר. הנה, אנחנומתאר שיטה לפברק ננו כסף שנתקע בתוך מטריצת פולימר באמצעות ליזר femtosecond המרוכז ב 800 ננומטר. השיטה מאפשרת ייצור של תבניות אינן אפשריות באמצעות טכניקות אחרות, כגון מערכי 3D של voxels כסף מנותק. 8 תבניות מתכת 3D מנותק שימושיות לmetamaterials בו תאי יחידה אינם נמצאים בקשר אחד עם השני, 9 כגון מצמידי מתכת נקודת 10, 11 או מצמידי מתכת מוט 12,13 תהודה. יישומים אפשריים כוללים metamaterials שלילי ראשים, גלימות היעלמות, ועדשות מושלמות. בכתיבה ישירה femtosecond ליזר, אורך גל הליזר נבחר כאלה שהפוטונים אינם נספגים באופן ליניארי במדיום היעד. כאשר משך פעימת הליזר נדחס להיקף זמן femtosecond והקרינה ממוקדת בחוזקה בתוך היעד, עוצמת קליטה הגבוהה מאוד גורמת ליניארית. פוטונים מרובים נספגים בו זמניתly לגרום למעברים אלקטרוניים שיובילו לשינוי מהותי באזור הממוקד. השימוש בגישה זו, ניתן ליצור מבנים בחלק הארי של חומר ולא על פני השטח שלו. רוב העבודה על כתיבת מתכת ישירה 3D התמקדה ביצירת מבני מתכת עצמי נתמכים. 14-16 שיטה המתוארת כאן מניב כסף מבנים תת מיקרומטר שלא צריך להיות עצמי נתמך, כי הם מוטבעים בתוך מטריצה. מסומם הפולימר מטריקס מוכן באמצעות תערובת של הכסף חנק (3 אגנו), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ומים (H 2 O). דוגמאות אז הן בדוגמת על ידי הקרנה בליזר femtosecond 11-MHz הפקת פולסים 50-fs. במהלך הקרנה, photoreduction של יוני כסף הוא מושרה דרך קליטה קוית, יצירה כוללת של חלקיקי כסף באזור המוקד. שימוש בגישה זו אנו יוצרים דפוסי כסף שנתקע במסוממת PVP מטריצה. הוספת תרגום 3D של sמספיק מרחיב את הדפוסים לשלושה ממדים.

מאפנן acousto האופטי ומסנני צפיפות ניטראליים (איור 1) מאפשרים אחד כדי לשלוט בכמות האנרגיה שתופקד במדגם. באמצעות חשיפה של 110 פעימות בvoxel ו3 NJ לדופק, עם הבמה ומתרגמת ב 100 מיקרומטר / שני, מבני הכסף שהתקבלו הם ברצון גלויים באמצעות מיקרוסקופ האופטי באתרו. רמות נמוכו...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D at JoVE.com

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

כתיבה ישירה femtosecond ליזר משמשת לעתים קרובות כדי ליצור דפוסים תלת ממדים (3D) בפולימרים וכוסות. עם זאת, דפוסי מתכות ב-3D עדיין מהוות אתגר. אנו מתארים שיטה לבודת ננו כסף שנתקע בתוך מטריצת פולימר באמצעות ליזר femtosecond המרוכז ב 800 ננומטר.

שיטה לפברק ננו כסף המנותק ב-3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

a-method-to-fabricate-disconnected-silver-nanostructures-in-3d

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

13.7K Views.  Harvard University. כתיבה ישירה femtosecond ליזר משמשת לעתים קרובות כדי ליצור דפוסים תלת ממדים (3D) בפולימרים וכוסות. עם זאת, דפוסי מתכות ב-3D עדיין מהוות אתגר. אנו מתארים שיטה לבודת ננו כסף שנתקע בתוך מטריצת פולימר באמצעות ליזר femtosecond המרוכז ב 800 ננומטר.

Video: A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two electrodes-and generating them in practical quantities-is still challenging. The preparation of nanogap electrodes using nanoskiving, which is a form of edge lithography, is a fast, simple and powerful technique. This method is an entirely mechanical process which does not include any photo- or electron-beam lithographic steps and does not require any special equipment or infrastructure such as clean rooms. Nanoskiving is used to fabricate electrically addressable nanogaps with control over all three dimensions; the smallest dimension of these structures is defined by the thickness of the sacrificial layer (Al or Ag) or self-assembled monolayers. These wires can be manually positioned by transporting them on drops of water and are directly electrically-addressable; no further lithography is required to connect them to an electrometer.

The fabrication of electrically addressable, high-aspect-ratio (> 1000:1) metal nanowires separated by gaps of single nanometers using either sacrificial layers of aluminum and silver or self-assembled monolayers as templates is described. These nanogap structures are fabricated without a clean room or any photo- or electron-beam lithographic processes by a form of edge lithography known as nanoskiving.

בודה Nanogaps ידי Nanoskiving

There are several methods of fabricating nanogaps with controlled spacings, but the precise control over the sub-nanometer spacing between two ...

Chemistry

Ultrahigh Density Array of Vertically Aligned Small-molecular Organic Nanowires on Arbitrary Substrates

In recent years &pi;-conjugated organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of diverse applications including large-area, low-cost displays, photovoltaics, printable and flexible electronics and organic spin valves. Organics allow (a) low-cost, low-temperature processing and (b) molecular-level design of electronic, optical and spin transport characteristics. Such features are not readily available for mainstream inorganic semiconductors, which have enabled organics to carve a niche in the silicon-dominated electronics market. The first generation of organic-based devices has focused on thin film geometries, grown by physical vapor deposition or solution processing. However, it has been realized that organic nanostructures can be used to enhance performance of above-mentioned applications and significant effort has been invested in exploring methods for organic nanostructure fabrication.	
A particularly interesting class of organic nanostructures is the one in which vertically oriented organic nanowires, nanorods or nanotubes are organized in a well-regimented, high-density array. Such structures are highly versatile and are ideal morphological architectures for various applications such as chemical sensors, split-dipole nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices with radially heterostructured "core-shell" nanowires, and memory devices with a cross-point geometry. Such architecture is generally realized by a template-directed approach. In the past this method has been used to grow metal and inorganic semiconductor nanowire arrays. More recently &pi;-conjugated polymer nanowires have been grown within nanoporous templates. However, these approaches have had limited success in growing nanowires of technologically important &pi;-conjugated small molecular weight organics, such as tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3), rubrene and methanofullerenes, which are commonly used in diverse areas including organic displays, photovoltaics, thin film transistors and spintronics.	
Recently we have been able to address the above-mentioned issue by employing a novel "centrifugation-assisted" approach. This method therefore broadens the spectrum of organic materials that can be patterned in a vertically ordered nanowire array. Due to the technological importance of Alq3, rubrene and methanofullerenes, our method can be used to explore how the nanostructuring of these materials affects the performance of aforementioned organic devices. The purpose of this article is to describe the technical details of the above-mentioned protocol, demonstrate how this process can be extended to grow small-molecular organic nanowires on arbitrary substrates and finally, to discuss the critical steps, limitations, possible modifications, trouble-shooting and future applications.

We report a simple method for fabricating an ultrahigh density array of vertically ordered small-molecular organic nanowires. This method allows for synthesis of complex heterostructured hybrid nanowire geometries, which can be inexpensively grown on arbitrary substrates. These structures have potential applications in organic electronics, optoelectronics, chemical sensing, photovoltaics and spintronics.

מערך צפיפות ultrahigh של nanowires אורגני קטן מולקולרי בציר אנכי על מצעים שרירותיים

In  recent years &pi;-conjugated  organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of  diverse applications including large-area, ...

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

הדפסה מישוריים תלת ממדי של דיו מוליך

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Bioengineering

Manufacturing of Three-dimensionally Microstructured Nanocomposites through Microfluidic Infiltration

Microstructured composite beams reinforced with complex three-dimensionally (3D) patterned nanocomposite microfilaments are fabricated via nanocomposite in&#64257;ltration of 3D interconnected microfluidic networks. The manufacturing of the reinforced beams begins with the fabrication of microfluidic networks, which involves layer-by-layer deposition of fugitive ink filaments using a dispensing robot, filling the empty space between filaments using a low viscosity resin, curing the resin and finally removing the ink.&#160;Self-supported 3D structures with other geometries and many layers (e.g.&#160;a few hundreds layers) could be built using this method. The resulting tubular micro&#64258;uidic networks are then infiltrated with thermosetting nanocomposite suspensions containing nanofillers (e.g.&#160;single-walled carbon nanotubes), and subsequently cured. The infiltration is done by applying a pressure gradient between two ends of the empty network (either by applying a vacuum or vacuum-assisted microinjection). Prior to the infiltration, the nanocomposite suspensions are prepared by dispersing nanofillers into polymer matrices using ultrasonication and three-roll mixing methods. The nanocomposites (i.e.&#160;materials infiltrated) are then solidified under UV exposure/heat cure, resulting in a 3D-reinforced composite structure. The technique presented here enables the design of functional nanocomposite macroscopic products for microengineering applications such as actuators and sensors.

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructured composite beams are fabricated through the directed and localized infiltration of nanocomposites into 3D porous microfluidic networks. The flexibility of this manufacturing method enables the utilization of different thermosetting materials and nanofillers in order to achieve a variety of functional 3D reinforced nanocomposite macroscopic products.

ייצור של Nanocomposites microstructured תלת ממדי באמצעות Microfluidic הסתננות

Microstructured composite beams reinforced with complex three-dimensionally (3D) patterned nanocomposite microfilaments are fabricated via nanocomposite ...

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Prescribed 3-D Direct Writing of Suspended Micron/Sub-micron Scale Fiber Structures via a Robotic Dispensing System

A 3-axis dispensing system is utilized to control the initiating and terminating fiber positions and trajectory via the dispensing software. The polymer fiber length and orientation is defined by the spatial positioning of the dispensing system 3-axis stages. The fiber diameter is defined by the prescribed dispense time of the dispensing system valve, the feed rate (the speed at which the stage traverses from an initiating to a terminating position), the gauge diameter of the dispensing tip, the viscosity and surface tension of the polymer solution, and the programmed drawing length. The stage feed rate affects the polymer solution&#8217;s evaporation rate and capillary breakup of the filaments. The dispensing system consists of a pneumatic valve controller, a droplet-dispensing valve and a dispensing tip. Characterization of the direct write process to determine the optimum combination of factors leads to repeatedly acquiring the desired range of fiber diameters. The advantage of this robotic dispensing system is the ease of obtaining a precise range of micron/sub-micron fibers onto a desired, programmed location via automated process control. Here, the discussed self-assembled micron/sub-micron scale 3D structures have been employed to fabricate suspended structures to create micron/sub-micron fluidic devices and bioengineered scaffolds.

Here, we present a protocol to fabricate freely-suspended, micron/sub-micron scale polymer fibers and &#8220;web-like&#8221; structures generated via automated direct writing procedure by means of a 3-axis dispensing system.

נקבעה 3-D ישיר כתיבה של / מבנים תת-מיקרון מיקרון מושעה סיבי קנה מידה באמצעות מערכת רובוטית חלוקה

A 3-axis dispensing system is utilized to control the initiating and terminating fiber positions and trajectory via the dispensing software. The polymer ...

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process being used in order to maintain exquisite control over both feature size and feature density. Here, we demonstrate a method for tracking atomically resolved and controlled structures from initial template definition through final nanostructure metrology, opening up a pathway for top-down atomic control over nanofabrication. Hydrogen depassivation lithography is the first step of the nanoscale fabrication process followed by selective atomic layer deposition of up to 2.8 nm of titania to make a nanoscale etch mask. Contrast with the background is shown, indicating different mechanisms for growth on the desired patterns and on the H passivated background. The patterns are then transferred into the bulk using reactive ion etching to form 20 nm tall nanostructures with linewidths down to ~6 nm. To illustrate the limitations of this process, arrays of holes and lines are fabricated. The various nanofabrication process steps are performed at disparate locations, so process integration is discussed. Related issues are discussed including using fiducial marks for finding nanostructures on a macroscopic sample and protecting the chemically reactive patterned Si(100)-H surface against degradation due to atmospheric exposure.

We report a protocol for combining the atomic metrology of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope for surface patterning with selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Reactive Ion Etching. Using a robust process involving numerous atmospheric exposures and transport, 3D nanostructures with atomic metrology are fabricated.

ייצור ננו-מבנה אטומי למעקב

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is the preparation of stretchable conductors with great mechanical stability. In this study, we developed a simple fabrication method to chemically solder the contact points between silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. AgNW nanomesh was first deposited on a glass slide via spray coating method. A reactive ink composed of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) precursors was applied over the spray coated AgNW thin films. After heating for 40 min, AgNPs were preferentially generated over the nanowire junctions to solder the AgNW nanomesh, and reinforced the conducting network. The chemically modified AgNW thin film was then transferred to polyurethane (PU) substrates by casting method. The soldered AgNW thin films on PU exhibited no obvious change in electrical conductivity under stretching or rolling process with elongation strains up to 120%.

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

שיטת ייצור למוליכים מאוד מתיחה עם Nanowires הכסף

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Terahertz (THz) split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials (MMs) has been studied for gas, chemical, and biomolecular sensing applications because the SRR is not affected by environmental characteristics such as the temperature and pressure surrounding the resonator. Electromagnetic radiation in THz frequencies is biocompatible, which is a critical condition especially for the application of the biomolecular sensing. However, the quality factor (Q-factor) and frequency responses of traditional thin-film based split ring resonator (SRR) MMs are very low, which limits their sensitivities and selectivity as sensors. In this work, novel nanopillar-based SRR MMs, utilizing displacement current, are designed to enhance the Q-factor up to 450, which is around 45 times higher than that of traditional thin-film-based MMs. In addition to the enhanced Q-factor, the nanopillar-based MMs induce a larger frequency shifts (17 times compared to the shift obtained by the traditional thin-film based MMs). Because of the significantly enhanced Q-factors and frequency shifts as well as the property of biocompatible radiation, the THz nanopillar-based SRR are ideal MMs for the development of biomolecular sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity without inducing damage or distortion to biomaterials. A novel fabrication process has been demonstrated to build the nanopillar-based SRRs for displacement current mediated THz MMs. A two-step gold (Au) electroplating process and an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process are used to create sub-10 nm scale gaps between Au nanopillars. Since the ALD process is a conformal coating process, a uniform aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer with nanometer-scale thickness can be achieved. By sequentially electroplating another Au thin film to fill the spaces between Al2O3 and Au, a close-packed Au-Al2O3-Au structure with nano-scale Al2O3 gaps can be fabricated. The size of the nano-gaps can be well defined by precisely controlling the deposition cycles of the ALD process, which has an accuracy of 0.1 nm.

A protocol for the design and fabrication of a novel nanopillar-based split ring resonator (SRR) is presented.

המצאה של מהודי טבעת פיצול Nanopillar מבוסס על התזוזה נוכחית מתווכת רזוננסים ב Metamaterials Terahertz

Terahertz (THz) split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials (MMs) has been studied for gas, chemical, and biomolecular sensing applications because the SRR ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

ייצור של מערכים Nanocup זהב תקופתיים באמצעות Colloidal ליתוגרפיה

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...