Veteran İşleri Bölümü&#39;nden bir Liyakat Grant ve Sağlık Ulusal Enstitüleri enstitünün bir T32-HL098062 hibe bu çalışmaları destekledi. Biz minnetle Randolph H. Hasting, MD, Ph.D. tavsiyesi teşekkür etmek istiyoruz ve tavsiye ve VA San Diego Sağlık Sistemi Veteriner Tıp Birimi desteği.

1.. Hayvan Preparasyon <ol><li> (Küçük fareler bir uzman tarafından entübe edilebilir) 8 hafta daha eski ve daha 20 g olan fareler edinin. </li><li> Anestezi <ol><li> Periton boşluğu içine bir preanesthetic olarak ketamin ve ksilazin 20 mg / kg, her biri, farelere enjekte edilir. (Bu doz tamamen fare uyutmak için yeterli değildir, ancak mekanik ventilasyon entübasyon sonrası güvenli taşınmasını kolaylaştırır.) Ancak, dozlar ayarlama kurumsal veterinere danışılarak anestezik yanıta göre gerekli olabilir.) </li><li> 90-120 saniye boyunca bir indüksiyon odası içinde% 3.5 izofluran / oksijen ile farelerde anestezi neden. </li><li> Dikkatle, solunum hızı dikkate alınmalıdır. Değil en az 45 bpm giderek yavaş olmalıdır. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Entübasyon için hazırlık <ol><li> Indüksiyon odasından fareyi çıkarın ve sıkıca Scruff. </li><li> Gent yastıklı ince forseps kullanınly ağız dil uzatmak. </li><li> Iki parmak arasında dil tutma ve yumuşak bir kuvvet uygulanarak dil uzatma koruyun. </li><li> Dikey hareket ile otoskop ve spekulum üzerinde fare yukarı çekin. </li><li> Sıkıca Eksfoliyant ise otoskop oküleri bakmak ve dil ve berduş tarafından yavaşça fareyi yukarı çekin. </li><li> Ses telleri için dikkatle bakmak. Onlar bu zaman kolayca görünür olmalıdır. Laryngis ADITUS (laringeal açılış yapısı) nispeten beyaz bakmak gerekir. Her nefes ile kablolarından hareket olmamalıdır. Kordonlar hareket etmiyor veya kötü görüntülendi varsa, biraz hayvan döndürün ve yavaşça boynunu hyperextend. </li><li> Dominant elin ile, bir kalem gibi, kateterin ucuna uzanan PE10 boru 1 cm uzunluğunda, kateter 20 G, 1 tutun ve spekulumun tarafına takın. PE boru, bir stile veya buji olarak hizmet vermektedir. </li><li> PE10 Tubi yönlendirinng ses tellerinin (stile) ve göbek kadar PE boru üzerinde 20 G kateter (endotrakeal tüp) ilerletmek alt kesici dişlerinin düzeydedir. Hızla bu stile kaldırmak. </li><li> Yavaşça spekulum kapalı hayvan almak ve deney boyunca genel anestezi korumak için sürekli% 2 izofluran ile mekanik ventilatöre hayvan koyarak boru konumunu doğrulayın. Entübasyon onaylamak için PEEP tuzak geçiyor süresi dolan havayı (baloncuklar) gözünüzde canlandırın. Özofagus entübasyon birkaç baloncuklar neden olsa da, o kadar belirgin ya da endotrakeal entübasyon ile tutarlı olmayacaktır. Ayrıca, negatif deplasmanlar için bir hava yolu basıncı izleme (Şekil 1) gözlemlemek. Bunlar, borunun doğru yerleştirilmesi teyit etmektedir. Seçenek olarak ise, IV boru halinde su küçük bir miktar ve ET borusu bağlanabilir. Solunum 2 fare ve gelen hareket doğrulanıyor. Özofagus entübasyon, p durumundaressure izleme anlamlı olarak daha yüksek basınçlar ve hiçbir olumsuz deplasmanlar ortaya çıkaracaktır. Endtidal CO 2 yararlı olmasına karşın, teknik olarak bu küçük tidal hacimleri (~ 200 ul) ve bu çok pahalı olacaktır yapmak için ekipman verilen çok zor olacaktır. Tarif basit teknikleri tam yeterli ve çok daha ucuzdur. Izofluran anestezi mevcut değilse, tüm işlemler, genel anestezi xylazine, 10-20 mg / kg ketamin ile bağlantılı olarak 80-120 mg / kg kullanılarak yapılabilir. </li></ol> 3. Alternatif Tekniği: Doğrudan Larengoskopi Otoskop Tekniği ile Temelde Akciğer içine Çalışma Maddelerin Doğrudan Uygulamasının için, Diğer Amaçlı kolaylıkla Kullanılır. <ol><li> Indüksiyon odası içinde 90-120 saniye boyunca% 3.5, bu işlem için tek başına izofluran ile anestezi hayvanlarda neden. </li><li> Sıkıca kafatası tabanında hayvan Scruff ve yavaşça dil uzatmakince forseps ile. </li><li> Hayvan daha da yukarı çekti olamaz kadar yavaşça dilini tutan, dik spekulum üzerine (değiştirilmemiş) hayvan çekin. </li><li> Ses telleri tek başına bu teknikle en sık görüntülenmiştir, fakat hayvan ve tam görünüme getirmek için hiper-genişletilmiş boyun döndürmek olabilir. </li><li> Glottis instillate içeren bir jel yükleme pipet ilerlemek ve sıvıyı aşılamak. Spekulum hipofarenks ile bir mühür yapar çünkü fare kabloları aracılığıyla gitmez herhangi bir kalıntı sıvı aspire edecek. Bu kolayca rhonchorous tarafından doğrulanmadı nefes zaman sıvı akciğerlerde tam olarak dağıtılmış kadar fare şimdi yapar geliyor. </li><li> Alternatif olarak, sıvı arkasında bir hava bolus ile akışkan 50 ul ihtiva eden bir 0.5 ml şırıngaya PE10 boru bağlayın. 0.5 cm için ses tellerinin dikkatle PE boru ilerlemek ve yavaş yavaş solunum içine boşaltın. Bununla birlikte, alt solunum yolu için zaman zaman travma meydana gelir uNumunenin daha teslim olmadan bu tekniği şarkı. </li></ol>

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Yazarlar, hiçbir rakip mali çıkarlarını olmadığını beyan ederim.

Bu yazıda travmatik olmayan ve aynı hayvanda tekrar tekrar kullanılabilir fareler entübe için basit, güvenilir bir tekniği açıklar. Bu teknik bir mütevazı toplamı için satın alınabilir basit laboratuar ya da tıbbi ekipman ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Ilk Hastings ve arkadaşları tarafından rapor edilen 4 doğrudan laringoskopide tekniği, çeşitli amaçlar için de kullanılabilir, ama esas olarak doğru bir alt solunum sistemine test maddesi sunmak için. Biz nedeniyle tekrarlanan ölçüml...

Laboratuvar faresi biyoloji ve patobiyolojisinde başlıca memeli model olarak hemen hemen tüm türlerin yerini almıştır. Laboratuvar faresi açıkça ve yoğun insan hastalığının bir model olarak değer olduğu gösterilmiştir ve insan biyolojisi ve hastalık anlayışımızın gelişmeler paha biçilmez kanıtlamıştır küçük memeli türüdür. Kısa gebelik süresi ve önemli ölçüde daha düşük maliyetli bir biyomedikal araştırmalarda yaygın araç olarak boş ve transjenik farelerin geliştirme ve çalışma sağladı. Ancak, ortalama laboratuvar faresi (20-25 g) büyüklüğü dolayısıyla, bazı araştırmacılar, daha büyük memeli türler olan, fizyolojik ya da cerrahi araştırmalarda kendi çalışma sınırlı gelmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda fareler kullanarak bir engel derin anestezi altında fizyolojik ölçümler veya geniş cerrahi prosedürler sağlayacak entübasyon teknikleri ile karşılaşılan zorluk olduğunu. Trakeostomi 1, standart te olarak kullanılmaktadırçünkü gerekli bu tekniği ve mütevazı beceri yerine daha kolay yerine entübasyon NİK. Ancak, trakeostomi kronik veya kurtarma cerrahi çalışmalar için elverişli değildir; bu nedenle, akut deneyler ile sınırlıdır. Trakeostomi de iltihap veya hassas fizyolojik refleksleri önemli olduğu araştırma karıştırıcı bir değişken olabilir. Bizim laboratuvar diğer araştırmacılar tarafından açıklanan tekniklerin çoğunu denedim ve çeşitli nedenlerle için onları yetersiz buldu. Trakeostomi çok travmatik ve kanama ve hava yolu iltihabı neden olur. Çok daha sorunlu bunun fizibil tekrar edilemez olmasıdır. Ekipman mütevazı bir yatırım gerektiren birçok nispeten non-invaziv teknikler yeterince güvenilir değildir. Diğer teknikler ekipman belirli bir uygulamada çalışacak olmadığını bilmeden haklı zordur pahalı ekipman gerektirir. Böylece, biz artık t gerekli bir nontravmatik tekniğini geliştirmek için çalıştıhan özel bir ekipman mütevazı bir yatırım, hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebilir olabilir ve güvenilir bir şekilde, kronik modellerinde tekrar olabilir ve hayvanların çok sayıda kullanılabilir. İşte biz böyle bir teknik rapor.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Operating Otoscope Head</td><td>Welch Allyn</td><td>21700</td><td>$188.98</td></tr><tr><td>Otoscope Handle</td><td>Welch Allyn</td><td>71000</td><td>$112.20</td></tr><tr><td>Reuseable Speculum</td><td>Welch Allyn</td><td>22002</td><td>$3.98</td></tr><tr><td>Fine Forceps</td><td>Miltex</td><td>18-779</td><td>$107.18</td></tr><tr><td>Small clamp stand to hold otoscope</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane Vaporizer (multiple circuit with vacuum waste gas handling)</td><td>Summit Medical</td><td></td><td>$3,000</td></tr><tr><td>Flexivent (Animal Ventilator)</td><td>SCIREQ</td><td></td><td>$35,000</td></tr><tr><td>Intravenous catheter (20 G, 1 in)</td><td>BD</td><td>381233</td><td>$9.62</td></tr><tr><td>Polyethylene tubing (PE10) (0.011 in I.D., 0.024 in O.D.) 100 ft</td><td>Intramedic, Clay-Adams</td><td>427401</td><td>$115.70</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine 100 mg/ml (10 ml bottle)</td><td>Butler</td><td>23061</td><td>$10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine (100 ml bottle)</td><td>Vedco</td><td>24105</td><td>$20.00</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane (250 ml bottle)</td><td></td><td></td><td>$15.00</td></tr><tr><td>Vecuronium bromide 10 mg/10 ml</td><td>Pfizer</td><td>NDC 0069-0094-01</td><td>$15.00</td></tr></tbody></table>

endotracheal intubation in mice via direct laryngoscopy using an otoscope

Fareler, vahşi tipli ve transjenik hem şu anda, biyomedikal araştırmalarda asıl memeli modeli vardır. Entübasyon ve mekanik ventilasyon derin anestezi veya akciğer fonksiyon ölçümleri altında ameliyat gerektiren bütün hayvan deneyleri için gereklidir. Trakeostomi mekanik havalandırma sağlamak için bu farelerde entübasyon için standart olmuştur. Orotrakeal entübasyon nedeniyle önemli teknik zorluk veya çok özel ve pahalı ekipman için bir gereklilik rapor edilmiştir ancak başarılı birçok çalışmada kullanılmıştır olmamıştır. Burada bir 2.0 mm spekulum ile donatılmış bir otoskop kullanarak ve bir endotrakeal tüp olarak 20 G intravenöz kateter kullanarak doğrudan laringoskopi bir teknik rapor. Biz entübe ve farelerde akciğer fonksiyonunun doğru değerlendirmeler yapmak için yaygın ve güvenilir bu tekniği kullandık. Bu teknik, deneyimli ellerde aslında hiçbir hayvan kaybı ile güvenli kanıtlamıştır. Ayrıca, bu teknik,Kronik bir model farelerin tekrarlanan çalışmalar için de kullanılabilir.

Yukarıdaki tekniği ile entübasyon, güvenilir ve hızlı. Endotrakeal tüpün uygun yerleştirme en kolay ve batık ekspiratuar uzuv süresi dolan gaz kabarcıklarının oluşması gözlemleyerek tarafından doğrulanmadı ventilatör devresi (genellikle bir PEEP tuzak) ve (Şekil 1) izleme, bir hava yolu basıncı üzerindeki olumsuz sapmaların. Hava yolu basıncı izleme üzerinde olumsuz deplasmanlar en güvenilir. Diğer ekspiratuar vantilatör devresi 2&#39;ye bağlı intravenöz bor...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope at JoVE.com

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Biz 2.0 mm spekulum ile bir otoskop kullanarak direkt laringoskopi yoluyla farelerde entübasyon için, basit, güvenilir ve nispeten ucuz bir yöntem geliştirdik. Bu teknik, atravmatik ve kronik deneylerde tekrarlanan ölçümler için de kullanılabilir. Biz üstün trakeostomi veya daha önce cerrahi dışı teknikler bildirdi bulabilirsiniz.

Farelerde Endotrakeal Entübasyon<em&gt; Via</emBir Otoskop Kullanma&gt; Doğrudan Larengoskopi

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

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Medicine

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

31.0K Görüntüleme.  VA San Diego Healthcare System.  Biz 2.0 mm spekulum ile bir otoskop kullanarak direkt laringoskopi yoluyla farelerde entübasyon için, basit, güvenilir ve nispeten ucuz bir yöntem geliştirdik. Bu teknik, atravmatik ve kronik deneylerde tekrarlanan ölçümler için de kullanılabilir. Biz üstün trakeostomi veya daha önce cerrahi dışı teknikler bildirdi bulabilirsiniz. 

Video: Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or expensive animal. One of the reasons that this is not done more routinely is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper we demonstrate a procedure that eliminates one of the major hurdles associated with this intubation, that of visualizing the trachea during the entire time of intubation. The approach uses a 0.5 mm fiberoptic light source that serves as an introducer to direct the intubation cannula into the mouse trachea. We show that it is possible to use this procedure to measure lung mechanics in individual mice over a time course of at least several weeks. The technique can be set up with relatively little expense and expertise, and it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice, thereby minimizing the number of mice needed and increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.

This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.

Fare Akciğer Entübasyonun Basit Bir Yöntem

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Tıp

Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung

The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular disease and for developing therapeutic intervention. With the increasing availability of knockout and transgenic derivatives, together with a vast amount of genetic information, mice provide one of the best models to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology and physiology of lung diseases. Inhalation, intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, and intratracheal intubation are the most widely used techniques by a number of investigators to administer materials of interest to mouse lungs. There are pros and cons for each technique depending on the goals of a study. Here a noninvasive intratracheal intubation method that can directly deliver exogenous materials to mouse lungs is presented. This technique was applied to administer bleomycin to mouse lungs as a model to study pulmonary fibrosis.

The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular disease and for developing therapeutic intervention. Here a noninvasive intratracheal intubation method that can directly deliver exogenous materials to mouse lungs is presented.

Noninvaziv Entübasyon Fare Akciğer Patolojisi ve Fizyolojisi Eğitim için

The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular ...

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) measurements and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid sampling are essential to experimental asthma models, but repeated procedures to obtain such measurements in the same animal are generally not feasible.  Here, we demonstrate protocols for obtaining from mice repeated measurements of AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples.  Mice were challenged intranasally seven times over 14 days with a potent allergen or sham treated.  Prior to the initial challenge, and within 24 hours following each intranasal challenge, the same animals were anesthetized, orally intubated and mechanically ventilated.  AHR, assessed by comparing dose response curves of respiratory system resistance (RRS) induced by increasing intravenous doses of acetylcholine (Ach) chloride between sham and allergen-challenged animals, were determined.  Afterwards, and via the same intubation, the left lung was lavaged so that differential enumeration of airway cells could be performed.  These studies reveal that repeated measurements of AHR and BAL fluid collection are possible from the same animals and that maximal airway hyperresponsiveness and airway eosinophilia are achieved within 7-10 days of initiating allergen challenge.  This novel technique significantly reduces the number of mice required for longitudinal experimentation and is applicable to diverse rodent species, disease models and airway physiology instruments.  

Repeated measurements of rodent respiratory physiology and sampling of airway inflammatory cells are desirable, but generally not feasible. Here we describe a repeatable method for orally intubating mice that permits repeated measurements of airway hyperreactivity and sampling of airway inflammatory cells.

Havayolu Direnci Ölçümleri ve Fare Bronkoalveolar Lavaj Sıvısı Örnekleme için, geri dönüşümlü, Non-invaziv Yöntemi

Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) measurements and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid sampling are essential to experimental asthma models, but repeated ...

Biyoloji

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

This article presents a rapid and simple method for administering bleomycin directly into the mouse trachea via intubation. Key advantages of this method are that it is highly reproducible, easy to master, and does not require specialized equipment or lengthy recovery times.

Farelerde Trakea hızlı intübasyon için geliştirilmiş bir yöntem

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

A Mouse Model of Orotracheal Intubation and Ventilated Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Surgery

Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury frequently results from processes that involve a transient period of interrupted blood flow. In the lung, isolated IR permits the experimental study of this specific process with continued alveolar ventilation, thereby avoiding the compounding injurious processes of hypoxia and atelectasis. In the clinical context, lung ischemia reperfusion injury (also known as lung IRI or LIRI) is caused by numerous processes, including but not limited to pulmonary embolism, resuscitated hemorrhagic trauma, and lung transplantation. There are currently limited effective treatment options for LIRI. Here, we present a reversible surgical model of lung IR involving first orotracheal intubation followed by unilateral left lung ischemia and reperfusion with preserved alveolar ventilation or gas exchange. Mice undergo a left thoracotomy, through which the left pulmonary artery is exposed, visualized, isolated, and compressed using a reversible slipknot. The surgical incision is then closed during the ischemic period, and the animal is awakened and extubated. With the mouse spontaneously breathing, reperfusion is established by releasing the slipknot around the pulmonary artery. This clinically relevant survival model permits the evaluation of lung IR injury, the resolution phase, downstream effects on lung function, as well as two-hit models involving experimental pneumonia. While technically challenging, this model can be mastered over the course of a few weeks to months with an eventual survival or success rate of 80%-90%.

A mouse surgical model to create left lung ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury while maintaining ventilation and avoiding hypoxia.

Orotrakeal Entübasyon ve Ventilasyonlu Akciğer İskemisi Reperfüzyon Cerrahisinin Bir Fare Modeli

Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury frequently results from processes that involve a transient period of interrupted blood flow. In the lung, isolated IR ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the cerebellum. IO has long been proposed to be crucial for motor control and its activity is currently considered to be at the center of many hypotheses of both motor and cognitive functions of the cerebellum. While its physiology and function have been relatively well studied on single-cell level in vitro, presently there are no reports on the organization of the IO network activity in living animals. This is largely due to the extremely challenging anatomical location of the IO, making it difficult to subject to conventional fluorescent imaging methods, where an optic path must be created through the entire brain located dorsally to the region of interest.
Here we describe an alternative method for obtaining state-of-the-art -level calcium imaging data from the IO network. The method takes advantage of the extreme ventral location of the IO and involves a surgical procedure for inserting a gradient-refractive index (GRIN) lens through the neck viscera to come into contact with the ventral surface of the calcium sensor GCaMP6s-expressing IO in anesthetized mice. A representative calcium imaging recording is shown to demonstrate the feasibility to record IO neuron activity after the surgery. While this is a non-survival surgery and the recordings must be conducted under anesthesia, it avoids damage to life-critical brainstem nuclei and allows conducting large variety of experiments investigating spatiotemporal activity patterns and input integration in the IO. This procedure with modifications could be used for recordings in other, adjacent regions of the ventral brainstem.

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

We present a protocol to expose the brainstem of adult mouse from the ventral side. By using a gradient-refractive index lens with a miniature microscope, calcium imaging can be used to examine the activity of inferior olive neural somata in vivo.

In vivo Fare Kalitesiz Zeytinde Kalsiyum Görüntüleme

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the ...

Nörobilim

Repeated Orotracheal Intubation in Mice

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ventral neck for direct confirmation of cannula placement in the trachea. The relative difficulty or the tissue trauma induced to the subject by such procedures can be an impediment to an investigator&#8217;s ability to perform longitudinal studies. This article illustrates a technique in which physical manipulation of the mouse following the use of a depilatory to remove hair from the ventral neck permits transcutaneous visualization of the trachea for orotracheal intubation regardless of degree of skin pigmentation. This method is innocuous to the subject and easily achieved with a limited understanding of murine anatomy. This refined approach facilitates repeated intubation, which may be necessary for monitoring progression of disease or instillation of treatments. Using this method may result in a reduction of the number of animals and technical skill required to measure lung function in mouse models of respiratory disease.

The goal of this article is to describe a refined method of intubation of the laboratory mouse. The method is noninvasive and, therefore, ideal for studies that require serial monitoring of respiratory function and/or instillation of treatments into the lung.

Farelerde Tekrarlanan Orotracheal Entübasyon

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ...

Endoscopic Approach for Studying Laryngeal Dysfunction in Rodents

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close&#45;Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

The larynx is an essential organ in mammals with three primary functions - breathing, swallowing, and vocalizing. A wide range of disorders are known to impair laryngeal function, which results in difficulty&#160;breathing (dyspnea), swallowing impairment (dysphagia), and/or voice impairment (dysphonia). Dysphagia, in particular, can lead to aspiration pneumonia and associated morbidity, recurrent hospitalization, and early mortality. Despite these serious consequences, existing treatments for laryngeal dysfunction are largely aimed at surgical and behavioral interventions that unfortunately do not typically restore normal laryngeal function, thus highlighting the urgent need for innovative solutions.
To bridge this gap, we have been developing an experimental endoscopic approach to investigate laryngeal dysfunction in murine (i.e., mouse and rat) models. However, endoscopy in rodents is quite challenging due to their small size relative to current endoscope technology, anatomical differences in the upper airway, and the necessity for anesthesia to optimally access the larynx. Here, we describe a novel transoral laryngoscopy approach that permits close-up, unobstructed video imaging of laryngeal motion in mice and rats. Critical steps in the protocol include precise anesthesia management (to prevent overdosing that abolishes swallowing and/or risks respiratory distress-related mortality) and micromanipulator control of the endoscope (for stable video recording of laryngeal motion by a single researcher for subsequent quantification).
Importantly, the protocol can be performed over time in the same animals to study the impact of various pathological conditions specifically on laryngeal function. A novel advantage of this protocol is the ability to visualize airway protection during swallowing, which is not possible in humans due to epiglottic inversion over the laryngeal inlet that obstructs the glottis from view. Rodents therefore provide a unique opportunity to specifically investigate the mechanisms of normal versus pathological laryngeal airway protection for the ultimate purpose of discovering treatments to effectively restore normal laryngeal function.

This protocol describes a serial transoral laryngoscopy approach for mice and rats that permits close-up, unobstructed video imaging of the larynx during breathing and swallowing using an optimized anesthetic regimen and finely tuned endoscopic manipulation techniques.

The larynx is an essential organ in mammals with three primary functions - breathing, swallowing, and vocalizing. A wide range of disorders are known to ...

Endotracheal Intubation of Rabbits Using a Polypropylene Guide Catheter

Endotracheal intubation in rabbits can be challenging due to their unusual anatomy. Achieving a patent airway during anesthesia is critical for the avoidance of airway obstruction, prevention of gastric tympany, and to allow ventilatory support. Due to the difficulty of intubation, alternative methods such as the use of laryngeal mask airways or laryngeal tubes have been explored. However, these methods do not result in direct access to the trachea and thus may present a risk for development of complications. In addition, lack of direct intubation of the trachea can result in personnel exposure to waste anesthetic gases. Numerous methods for endotracheal intubation have been described, including blind placement, use of a fiberoptic laryngoscope or endoscope, and cricoid placement. Despite these numerous publications, many still struggle to achieve success. Here we provide a detailed description of an intubation technique that can be taught with minimal training with a short time to proficiency. Briefly, after administration of injectable anesthesia and proper positioning of the rabbit, a polypropylene catheter is placed into the trachea by direct visualization using a laryngoscope. The catheter is then used as a guide to direct the endotracheal tube into the trachea. This method allows for intubation without the need for expensive equipment and can be performed by a single individual without the need for an assistant. In conclusion, this technique can be easily taught and performed at very little cost in any clinical or research setting.

Endotracheal intubation in rabbits is challenging due to their unusual anatomy. Here we present a technique for direct intubation of the trachea using a polypropylene catheter as a guide. This method utilizes relatively inexpensive supplies, requires minimal training, and can be easily performed in any clinical setting.

Polipropilen kılavuz kateter kullanarak tavşan endotrakeal entübasyon

Endotracheal intubation in rabbits can be challenging due to their unusual anatomy. Achieving a patent airway during anesthesia is critical for the ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Hayatta Kalamayan Sıçan Modelleri için Trakeotomi Tabanlı Endotrakeal Entübasyon Protokolü

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications

Endotracheal intubation and subsequent ventilation are often basic requirements for translational research in rat models for various interventions that require controlled or high ventilation pressures or access to the thoracic cavity and organs. Conventional endoorotracheal intubation using the anatomically existing route through the mouth is well suited for survival experiments. However, this procedure poses some challenges, including generally higher levels of the required experience and technical skill, more advanced equipment, and greater time effort with relevant intubation failure rates and complications such as tracheal perforation, temporary systemic hypooxygenation, and relevant aerial leakage.
This manuscript, therefore, presents a detailed step-by-step protocol for endotracheal intubation through tracheotomy in non-survival rat models when guaranteed intubation success, constant oxygenation levels, high ventilation pressures, or open thoracotomy are required.
The protocol emphasizes the importance of meticulous surgical technique to ensure consistent and reliable outcomes, especially for researchers who are inexperienced or lack routine in the technique of endoorotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy. This procedure is, therefore, expected to minimize animal suffering and unnecessary animal losses.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Hayatta kalamayan uygulamalar için sıçanlarda trakeotomi ile endotrakeal entübasyon ve ardından torakotomi

Here we introduce a standardized procedure for endotracheal intubation via tracheotomy followed by thoracotomy in rats, aimed at enhancing the precision and reproducibility of non-survival applications requiring invasive ventilation and exposure of thoracic organs in in vivo rat models.

Hayatta kalamayan uygulamalar için sıçanlarda trakeotomi ile endotrakeal entübasyon ve ardından torakotomi

Endotracheal intubation and subsequent ventilation are often basic requirements for translational research in rat models for various interventions that ...

Farelerde Endotrakeal Entübasyon

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