1. NiTi arasında Grafen kaplama <ol><li> Bu çalışmada kullanılan grafen örnekleri kimyasal buhar biriktirme yöntemi kullanılarak bakır (Cu) yüzeylerde yetiştirilen ve sonradan 4,5 mm 2 NiTi yüzeylere devredilmiştir. </li><li> Cu folyo (1 cm x 1 cm) kuartz tüp fırın in bir 1 yerleştirilir ve ° C H2 50 sccm ve Ar, 450 sccm varlığında, 1.000 ısıtıldı. </li><li> Daha sonra, metan (1 ve 4 SCCM) 20-30 dk için değişik akış hızlarında fırın içine getirilmiştir. Örnekler, son olarak 2 H, Ar ve CH 4 akan altında oda sıcaklığına kadar soğutuldu. </li><li> Daha sonra, bakır folyo 150 ° C sıcaklıkta 5 dk için bir ısı madde ile 4,000 rpm&#39;de PMMA (% 4 anisol ile seyreltilmiş) ile spin-kaplanmıştır PMMA tabaka bağlı Grafen 10 dakika için% 10 HCI ve de-iyonize su ile durulama Transene Inc CE-100 asitlenmesi ve daha sonraki kullanılarak bakır folyo aşındırma ile elde edilmiştir. </li><li> Samples NiTi yüzeyler (4.5 mm 2) aktarılır ve Ar ° C (300 sccm) ve H, 2 saat boyunca 2 (700 sccm) PMMA çıkarmak için 450 tavlanmış edildi. Son olarak, alt tabakalar Gr-NiTi numune elde etmek için kalıntı PMMA çözmek için aseton ile yıkanmıştır. Bir Dilor XY üçlü ızgara monokromatör bir Ar + iyon lazer 514,5 nm uyarma ile tüm Gr-NiTisamples arasında mikro-Raman karakterizasyon (100X objektif kullanarak) kullanıldı. </li></ol> Gr-NiTi 2. İn Vitro Toksisite Sıçan aort endotel hücreleri (Hücre uygulaması Inc) bir jelatin kaplı 8 odalarına slayt üzerinde kültüre alınmıştır. Hücre büyümesi, bozulmamış test ve Gr-NiTisubstrates herhangi bir jelatin kaplama olmayan kuyularda yerleştirildi için. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri Hitachi S-4800 SEM kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, sıçan aortik düz kas hücrelerinde da Du bir kontrol grubu (Corning) gibi 96 oyuklu plakalar CellBind yetiştirildilbecco Modifiye Kartal Orta (ATCC). <ol><li> Hücre yaşayabilirliği test edilmesi için, hücreler (endotel ve her ikisi de düz kas hücreleri) / kuyu belirtilen sccm kullanılan metan akış karşılık gelen saf NiTi, 1 SCCM veya 4 sccm Gr-NiTi alt tabakalar içeren kuyularda 10 5 hücrelerinde hücre ekildi grafen CVD büyüme. Hücreler 37 küvözde istenilen süre boyunca yetiştirildi ° C ve% 5 CO 2, her gün medya alışverişi. </li><li> Son zaman noktasında, ortam çıkarılır ve 0.5 mg / ml tiazolil mavi tetrazolyum bromürde (veya Sigma elde edilen MTT) içeren taze ortam her bir kuyucuğa ilave edildi. Hücreler daha sonra ilave bir 3 saat süreyle inkübe edilmiştir. MTS tahlil, ortam son zaman noktası çıkarıldı ve MTS çalışma çözeltisi (Hücre Aşama 96 sulu, Promega) ve 3 saat boyunca inkübe edilmiş 120 ul ile değiştirilir. </li><li> Sonra, ortam yavaşça çıkarılır ve dimetilsülfoksit ve 100 ml (Sigma) her bir kuyucuğa ilave edildi. Allo sonraçözünmesi için MTT kristalleri için kanat 10 dak, çözelti başka iyi levhaya transfer edildi. MTS tahlil için, hiçbir dimetilsülfoksit oyuklara ilave edildi. Peki içeriğinin yeni bir plaka taşındı. </li><li> Absorbans 490 nm de okundu ve yüzde canlılığı bozulmamış NiTi numunenin ortalama absorbans için absorbans normalize ile tespit edilmiştir. En az beş tekrarlar her numune türü için yapıldı. </li></ol> 3. Hücre Morfolojisi Konfokal Mikroskopi Çalışmaları <ol><li> Sıçan aortik düz kas hücrelerinin konfokal görüntüleme için, yüzeyler 8-haznesi sürgüsü (Thermo Scientific) yerleştirildi. Hücreler 25,000 hücre / bölme ekildi ve 37 de 3 gün boyunca inkübe edildi ° C ve% 5 CO2. </li><li> Hücreler 20 dakika için fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su içinde% 4 formaldehit ile alt tabaka üzerine monte edilmiştir. </li><li> 1 dakika süreyle% 0.1 Triton-X ile permeabilize. </li><li> Aktin Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin (Lif ile boyandıe Teknolojileri). Tamponlu tuzlu su, metanol içinde 200 birim / ml &#39;de 488 alexafluor phalloidin 100 ul fosfat ve 1.9 mL ilave edildi. Hücreler 45 dakika için 488 alexafluor phalloidin 250 ul ile boyanmış ve daha sonra fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su ile iki kere yıkandı. </li><li> Çekirdekler DAPI (Vector Laboratories) içeren VectaShield floresan montaj orta ile monte edildi. Konfokal görüntüler Nikon Konfokal TI kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Herhangi bir alt tabaka olmadan hücreler ile tohumlanan bir bölme, bir kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. </li></ol> 4. Protein Adsorpsiyon Çalışmaları <ol><li> Yüzey boyutları protein adsorpsiyonu deneyleri başlamadan önce kaliperler ile ölçüldü. Üç ölçüm yaklaşık olarak kare örneklerin her iki tarafı için alınır ve uzunluk ve genişlik elde etmek için ortalamaları alınmıştır. </li><li> Her bir numune, bozulmamış NiTi, 1sccm ve 4sccm Gr-NiTiwere salin (PBS) ya da oda t PBS içinde 1 mg / ml fibrinojen tampon, 1 mg / ml fosfat içinde albümin ile inkübe3 saat boyunca emperature. </li><li> Benzeri numune numune tamponu azaltılması ile 200 ul bir mikrosantrifüj tüpü içinde bir araya getirilmiş ve 5 dakika için kaynatılmış. </li><li> Örnekler daha sonra bir Tris / glisin / SDS tamponu (Bio-Rad) ile seyreltilir ve 100 dakika için 90 V bir% 4-15 Tris poliakrilamid jel elektroforezi (Bio-Rad) ile işletilmiştir. </li><li> Jeller sonra SYPRO Kırmızı ile boyandı. 7.5 v / v asetik asit içinde% 1:5,000 az SYPRO Red (Life Technologies) stok çözeltisi seyreltilir. 60 dakika için jeller Leke. </li><li> Bir Flourchem SP (Alpha Innotech) kullanarak Görüntü jeller. Floresan yoğunluğu ImageJ yazılımı kullanılarak ölçüldü. Her örnekten Floresan yoğunluğu yüzey toplam alanı ile normalize edilmiş ve fibrinojen adsorpsiyon albumin adsorpsiyonu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. </li></ol> 5. Batı Protein Ekspresyonu için Blotting <ol><li> Western Blot sıçan aorta düz kas hücrelerinde toplam aktin analiz yapıldı. Hücreler 96-w içinde 10,000 hücre / yüzeyde ekildiell plakası. </li><li> Hücreler ortamını çıkarmadan önce üç gün boyunca yetiştirilmiştir. Toplam protein RIPA tampon ve bir standart BCA assay (Lamda) toplam protein miktarını belirlemek için yapıldı kullanılarak ekstre edildi. </li><li> Numuneler RIPA aynı konsantrasyona seyreltildi ve daha sonra 5 dakika için bir indirgeyici örnek tampon içinde kaynatılmış. </li><li> Proteinler 100 dk 90 V elektroforez yoluyla 4-15% Tris poliakrilamid jel ile ayrıldı. Bir kaleydoskop standart protein (Bio-Rad) protein molekül ağırlığı değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. </li><li> Proteinler, bir PVDF zarı aktarılır ve bir% 1 yağsız kuru süt (Bio-Rad) çözeltisi ile bloke edildi. </li><li> Toplam aktin bir tavşan anti-sıçan aktin antikoru (Sigma) ile etiketlendi. Bir dengeleme seti chemiluminescent (Roche), birincil antikor tespit etmek için kullanıldı. Membranlar FlourChem SP görüntüleme ekipmanı kullanarak ve floresan yoğunluğu ImageJ yazılımı kullanılarak ölçüldü görüntülendi. Floresan yoğunluğu pri karşılaştırarak normaleStine NiTisample. </li></ol>

<ol>
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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Biyouyumluluk ve sitotoksisite: kimyasal buhar biriktirme (CVD) yöntemi Şekil 1a gösterildiği Cu kristal taneleri, taklit polikristal grafen örnekleri vermiştir. Biz 1 sccm (4 sccm) örnekleri (Şekil 1b bakınız) tek tabaka (birkaç katmanı) grafen varlığını doğrulamak için Raman spektroskopisi kullanılmıştır. Açıkçası, 1 sccm (4 sccm) örnekleri monolayer göstergesidir yoğun (nispeten daha zayıf) G &#39;bant (birkaç tabaka) grafen sergilerler. <stron...

Son üç yılda yeni malzemeler temelli tedaviler ve hastalığın tedavi ve teşhis için cihazların keşif tanık olduk. Bu tür nitinol (NiTi) ve paslanmaz çelik gibi yeni alaşımlı malzemeler genellikle üstün mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle biyomedikal implant imalatında kullanılır. 1-3 Ancak, çeşitli zorluklar ekzojen malzeme sitotoksisiteye bağlı kalır, ve biyo-hemo uyumluluğu. Bu alaşımların sonuç metalik doğa zayıf biyo-ve metal liç, hücre adezyon eksikliği, proliferasyon ve tromboz bu akan kan (örneğin kateter, kan damarı, vasküler stentler, yapay kalp kapakçıkları gibi temas nedeniyle hemokompatibilite vb.). 1, 4, 5 ya da proteinler implant yüzey ile canlı hücre etkileşim olumsuz cihaz işlevselliği etkileyebilir, güçlü bir bağışıklık tepkisi ve biyokimyasal reaksiyonların ardından gelen çağlayan yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, bir pertinbiyomedikal implantlar ve çevresindeki biyolojik çevre arasındaki etkileşimler üzerinde kontrol elde etmek için ent. Yüzey modifikasyonu sık sık implant kaynaklanan istenmeyen fizyolojik tepki azaltmak veya önlemek için kullanılır. İdeal bir yüzey kaplama, yüksek yapışma gücü, kimyasal olarak inert, yüksek pürüzsüzlük ve iyi hemo-ve biyouyumluluk sahip olması bekleniyor. Daha önce, elmas benzeri karbon (DLC), SiC, TiN, TiO 2 ve birçok polimer malzemeler de dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda malzeme biyo-uyumlu implant yüzey kaplama olarak sınanmıştır. 1, 6-23 Ancak, bu malzemelerin hala tüm karşılamak mümkün değildir Uygun bir implant yüzey kaplaması için işlevsel kriterleri. Grafen olarak bilinen sp 2 karbon, atomu üzerinden tabaka kalınlığında bir buluş yeni fonksiyonlu malzemelerin geliştirilmesi için açılmıştır. Grafen o zamandan beri implant yüzey kaplaması için ideal bir aday olması beklenmektedir, kimyasal olarak inert atomik olarak pürüzsüz ve son derece dayanıklıdır. Bu mektupta, biz biyomedikal implantlar için bir yüzey kaplama olarak grafen canlılığı araştırıyoruz. Çalışmalarımız grafen kaplamalı nitinol (Gr-NiTi) fonksiyonel kriterlerine tamamen uygun olduğunu göstermek ve ayrıca mükemmel düz kas ve daha iyi hücre çoğalması yol açan endotelyal hücre büyümesini destekler. Biz de Gr-NiTi üzerindeki serum albümin adsorpsiyon fibrinojen daha yüksek olduğunu bulmak. Önemlisi, (i) bizim spektroskopik (ii) grafen kaplamalar doğrulayan endotelyal ve düz kas hücre hatları için in vitro toksisite açısından anlamlı bir sergi yok, implantlar tarafından trombosit aktivasyonu inhibe ettiğini grafen kaplama düşündüren grafen ve fibrinojen arasındaki yük transferi eksikliği doğruladı biyouyumlu, ve (iii) grafen kaplamaların kimyasal olarak inert, sağlam ve çevre kan akışı içinde sızdırmaz bulunmaktadır. Yüksek st birlikte bu hemo-ve biyouyumlu özellikleri,rength, kimyasal olarak inert ve dayanıklılık, ideal bir yüzey kaplaması olarak grafen kaplamalar kılıyor.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> Reaktif </td></tr><tr><td> Dulbecco Modifiye Eagle Ortamı </td><td> ATCC </td><td> 30-2002 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tiazolil mavi tetrazolium bromide </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> M2128 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CellTiter 96 Sulu bir çözelti hücre çoğalması tahlil (MTS) </td><td> Promega </td><td> G3582 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Dimetil sülfoksit </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> D8418 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 36.5% formaldehit </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> F8775 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Triton X-100 </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> T8787 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Alexafluor 488 phalloidin </td><td> Yaşam Teknolojileri </td><td> A12379 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> VECTASHIELD DAP orta montajBen </td><td> Vektör Laboratuvarları </td><td> H-1200 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Serum albümin İnsan </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> A9511 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> İnsan fibrinojen </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tris / Glisin / SDS </td><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> 161-0732 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Hazır Jel Tris-HCI jeli </td><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> 161-1158 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Asetik asit </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> 45726 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> SYPRO Kırmızı </td><td> Yaşam Teknolojileri </td><td> S-6653 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Protein düşük BCA assay </td><td> Lamda Biyoteknoloji </td><td> G1003 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Precision Plus Protein Kaleidoscope Standart </td><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> 161-0375 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> İmmun-Blot PVDF membran </td><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> 162-0177 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Notu engelleyici yağsız kuru süt Blotting </td><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> 170-6404XTU </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tavşan üretilen Anti-aktin </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> A2066 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> BM Kemilüminesans Western Blot kiti (fare / tavşan) </td><td> Roche Uygulamalı Bilimler </td><td> 11520709001 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> RIPA tamponuyla </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> R0278 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> NiTi (% 51 Ni,% 49 Ti) </td><td> Alfa-Aesar </td><td> 44953 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> Ekipman </td></tr><tr><td> Horiba JobinYvon </td><td> Raman spektrometresi </td><td> Dilor XY 98 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Nikon </td><td> Konfokal mikroskop </td><td> Eclipse TI mikroskop </td><td></td></tr&gt; <tr><td> Thermoscientific </td><td> Plaka okuyucu </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> Güç kaynağı </td><td> 164-5050 </td><td> PowerPac temel güç kaynağı </td></tr><tr><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> Elektroforez hücre </td><td> 165-8004 </td><td> Mini kalıba tetra hücre </td></tr><tr><td> Bio-Rad </td><td> Jel tutucu kaset </td><td> 170-3931 </td><td> Mini jel tutucu kaseti </td></tr></tbody></table>

graphene coatings for biomedical implants

Bir yüzey kaplama olarak atomik olarak pürüzsüz grafen implant özelliklerini geliştirmek için bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu malzeme, bir stent gibi uygulamalar için grafen nanometre kalınlığındaki tabakalar ile kaplama nitinol alaşımlar için bir yöntemi gösterir. Grafen kimyasal buhar biriktirme yoluyla bakır yüzeylerde yetiştirilen ve sonra nitinol yüzeylere transfer edildi. Grafen kaplama biyolojik yanıt nasıl değiştirebileceğini anlamak için, sıçan aort endotel hücreleri ve sıçan aorta düz kas hücrelerinin hücre canlılığı araştırıldı. Ayrıca, hücre adezyon ve morfolojisi üzerine grafen-kaplamaların etkisi floresan konfokal mikroskobu ile incelendi. Hücreler aktin ve çekirdekler için lekeli ve grafen kaplı numuneler karşılaştırıldığında bozulmamış nitinol örnekler arasında belirgin farklılıklar vardı. Sıçan aorta düz kas hücrelerinden Toplam aktin ekspresyonu western blot kullanılarak bulunmuştur. Protein adsorpsiyon karakteristikleri, potansiyel trombojenitesine için bir gösterge, were jel elektroforezi ile serum albümin ve fibrinojen için belirlenir. Ayrıca, fibrinojen dan substrat yük devri Raman spektroskopisi kullanılarak sonucuna varıldı. Bu, nitinol yüzeyler üzerinde grafen kaplama bir stent malzeme için işlevsel şartları yerine ve kaplanmamış nitinol nazaran biyolojik tepki gelişmiş olduğu bulunmuştur. Böylece, grafen-kaplamalı nitinol stent malzeme için uygun bir adaydır.

<img src="/files/ftp_upload/50276/50276fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1"/> . 10 mikron): Şekil 1 Cu folyolar üzerine) CVD yetiştirilen polikristal grafen metal kristal taneleri (ölçek çubuğu taklit eder. b) 1 sccm (4 sccm) grafen Raman spektrumu yoğun (nispeten daha zayıf) G &#39;bandını gösteren tek tabaka (birkaç katman) olarak hazırlanmış grafen niteliği gösterir. c) NiTi için aktarılan grafen AFM görüntüsü ~ ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants at JoVE.com

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Grafen biyomedikal implantlar için kaplama malzemesi olarak potansiyel sunmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada grafen nanometre kalınlığında tabakalar ile kaplama nitinol alaşımları için bir yöntem göstermek ve grafen implant yanıtı etkilememektedir nasıl belirler.

Biyomedikal implantlar için Grafen Kaplamalar

Atomically smooth graphene as a surface coating has potential to improve implant properties. This demonstrates a method for coating nitinol alloys with ...

graphene-coatings-for-biomedical-implants

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

21.2K Görüntüleme.  Clemson University. Grafen biyomedikal implantlar için kaplama malzemesi olarak potansiyel sunmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada grafen nanometre kalınlığında tabakalar ile kaplama nitinol alaşımları için bir yöntem göstermek ve grafen implant yanıtı etkilememektedir nasıl belirler.

Video: Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Carbon nanostructures such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and graphene attract a deluge of interest of scholars nowadays due to their very promising application for molecular sensors, field effect transistor and super thin and flexible electronic devices1-4. Anodic arc discharge supported by the erosion of the anode material is one of the most practical and efficient methods, which can provide specific non-equilibrium processes and a high influx of carbon material to the developing structures at relatively higher temperature, and consequently the as-synthesized products have few structural defects and better crystallinity.
 To further improve the controllability and flexibility of the synthesis of carbon nanostructures in arc discharge, magnetic fields can be applied during the synthesis process according to the strong magnetic responses of arc plasmas. It was demonstrated that the magnetically-enhanced arc discharge can increase the average length of SWCNT 5, narrow the diameter distribution of metallic catalyst particles and carbon nanotubes 6, and change the ratio of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes 7, as well as lead to graphene synthesis 8. 
 Furthermore, it is worthwhile to remark that when we introduce a non-uniform magnetic field with the component normal to the current in arc, the Lorentz force along the J&times;B direction can generate the plasmas jet and make effective delivery of carbon ion particles and heat flux to samples. As a result, large-scale graphene flakes and high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes were simultaneously generated by such new magnetically-enhanced anodic arc method. Arc imaging, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the characterization of carbon nanostructures. These findings indicate a wide spectrum of opportunities to manipulate with the properties of nanostructures produced in plasmas by means of controlling the arc conditions.

Anodic arc discharge is one of the most practical and efficient methods to synthesize various carbon nanostructures. To increase the arc controllability and flexibility, a non-uniform magnetic field was introduced to process the one-step synthesis of large-scale graphene flakes and high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Tek duvarlı Karbon Nanotüpler Eşzamanlı Sentezi ve Manyetik geliştirilmiş Arc Plazma Grafen

Carbon nanostructures such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and graphene attract a deluge of interest of scholars nowadays due to their very ...

Biyomühendislik

Designing Silk-silk Protein Alloy Materials for Biomedical Applications

Fibrous proteins display different sequences and structures that have been used for various applications in biomedical fields such as biosensors, nanomedicine, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery. Designing materials based on the molecular-scale interactions between these proteins will help generate new multifunctional protein alloy biomaterials with tunable properties. Such alloy material systems also provide advantages in comparison to traditional synthetic polymers due to the materials biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tenability in the body. This article used the protein blends of wild tussah silk (Antheraea pernyi) and domestic mulberry silk (Bombyx mori) as an example to provide useful protocols regarding these topics, including how to predict protein-protein interactions by computational methods, how to produce protein alloy solutions, how to verify alloy systems by thermal analysis, and how to fabricate variable alloy materials including optical materials with diffraction gratings, electric materials with circuits coatings, and pharmaceutical materials for drug release and delivery. These methods can provide important information for designing the next generation multifunctional biomaterials based on different protein alloys.

Blending is an efficient approach to generate biomaterials with a broad range of properties and combined features. By predicting the molecular interactions between different natural silk proteins, new silk-silk protein alloy platforms with tunable mechanical resiliency, electrical response, optical transparency, chemical processability, biodegradability, or thermal stability can be designed.

Biyomedikal Uygulamalar için İpek-ipek Protein Alaşım Materyalleri Tasarlama

Fibrous proteins display different sequences and structures that have been used for various applications in biomedical fields such as biosensors, ...

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications

Superhydrophobic materials, with surfaces possessing permanent or metastable non-wetted states, are of interest for a number of biomedical and industrial applications. Here we describe how electrospinning or electrospraying a polymer mixture containing a biodegradable, biocompatible aliphatic polyester (e.g., polycaprolactone and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)), as the major component, doped with a hydrophobic copolymer composed of the polyester and a stearate-modified poly(glycerol carbonate) affords a superhydrophobic biomaterial. The fabrication techniques of electrospinning or electrospraying provide the enhanced surface roughness and porosity on and within the fibers or the particles, respectively. The use of a low surface energy copolymer dopant that blends with the polyester and can be stably electrospun or electrosprayed affords these superhydrophobic materials. Important parameters such as fiber size, copolymer dopant composition and/or concentration, and their effects on wettability are discussed. This combination of polymer chemistry and process engineering affords a versatile approach to develop application-specific materials using scalable techniques, which are likely generalizable to a wider class of polymers for a variety of applications.

Two- and three-dimensional superhydrophobic polymeric materials are prepared by electrospinning or electrospraying biodegradable polymers blended with a lower surface energy polymer of similar composition.

Biyomedikal Uygulamalar için Süperhidrofobik Polimer Malzemeler imalatı

Superhydrophobic materials, with surfaces possessing permanent or metastable non-wetted states, are of interest for a number of biomedical and industrial ...

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness and low bioactivity of metals. In this study, we have developed a new method towards fabricating a new type of bioactive and mechanically reliable porous metal scaffolds-densified porous Ti scaffolds. The method consists of two fabrication processes, 1) the fabrication of porous Ti scaffolds by dynamic freeze casting, and 2) coating and densification of the porous scaffolds. The dynamic freeze casting method to fabricate porous Ti scaffolds allowed the densification of porous scaffolds by minimizing the chemical contamination and structural defects. The densification process is distinctive for three reasons. First, the densification process is simple, because it requires a control of only one parameter (degree of densification). Second, it is effective, as it achieves mechanical enhancement and sustainable release of biomolecules from porous scaffolds. Third, it has broad applications, as it is also applicable to the fabrication of functionally graded porous scaffolds by spatially varied strain during densification.

Bioactive and mechanically reliable metal scaffolds have been fabricated through a method which consists of two processes, dynamic freeze casting for the fabrication of porous Ti, and coating and densification of the Ti scaffolds. The densification process is simple, effective and applicable to the fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds.

Biyomedikal Uygulamalar için Mekanik ayarlanabilir ve Biyoaktif Metal iskelelerinin Fabrikasyon

Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness ...

Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of these porous nanofibers is of great interest due to their unique physiochemical properties. Here we elaborate on the fabrication of keratin containing poly (&#949;-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (i.e., PCL/keratin composite fiber). Water soluble keratin was first extracted from human hair and mixed with PCL in different ratios. The blended solution of PCL/keratin was transformed into nanofibrous membranes using a laboratory designed electrospinning set up. Fiber morphology and mechanical properties of the obtained nanofiber were observed and measured using scanning electron microscopy and tensile tester. Furthermore, degradability and chemical properties of the nanofiber were studied by FTIR. SEM images showed uniform surface morphology for PCL/keratin fibers of different compositions. These PCL/keratin fibers also showed excellent mechanical properties such as Young&#39;s modulus and failure point. Fibroblast cells were able to attach and proliferate thus proving good cell viability. Based on the characteristics discussed above, we can strongly argue that the blended nanofibers of natural and synthetic polymers can represent an excellent development of composite materials that can be used for different biomedical applications.

Electrospun nanofibers have a high surface area to weight ratio, excellent mechanical integrity, and support cell growth and proliferation. These nanofibers have a wide range of biomedical applications. Here we fabricate keratin/ PCL nanofibers, using the electrospinning technique, and characterize the fibers for possible applications in tissue engineering.

Biyomedikal Mühendisliği için keratin bazlı nanofiber sentezi

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of ...

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a medical ceramic due to its good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Recently there has been interest regarding the use of bioinspired nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA). However, biological apatite is known to be calcium-deficient and carbonate-substituted with a nanoscale platelet-like morphology. Bioinspired nHA has the potential to stimulate optimal bone tissue regeneration due to its similarity to bone and tooth enamel mineral. Many of the methods currently used to fabricate nHA both in the laboratory and commercially, involve lengthy processes and complex equipment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable method to prepare high quality bioinspired nHA. The rapid mixing method developed was based upon an acid-base reaction involving calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Briefly, a phosphoric acid solution was poured into a calcium hydroxide solution followed by stirring, washing and drying stages. Part of the batch was sintered at 1,000 &#176;C for 2 h in order to investigate the products&#39; high temperature stability. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the successful formation of HA, which showed thermal decomposition to &#946;-tricalcium phosphate after high temperature processing, which is typical for calcium-deficient HA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of carbonate groups in the precipitated product. The nHA particles had a low aspect ratio with approximate dimensions of 50 x 30 nm, close to the dimensions of biological apatite. The material was also calcium deficient with a Ca:P molar ratio of 1.63, which like biological apatite is lower than the stoichiometric HA ratio of 1.67. This new method is therefore a reliable and far more convenient process for the manufacture of bioinspired nHA, overcoming the need for lengthy titrations and complex equipment. The resulting bioinspired HA product is suitable for use in a wide variety of medical and consumer health applications.

This paper describes a novel method for the rapid manufacture of high quality bioinspired nanoscale hydroxyapatite. This biomaterial is of great significance in the manufacture of a wide range of innovative medical devices for clinical applications in orthopedics, craniofacial surgery and dentistry.

Biyomedikal Uygulamalar için Biyolojik Tabanlı Akıllı Nano Hidroksiapatit Rapid Mix Hazırlanması

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a medical ceramic due to its good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Recently there has been interest ...

Microhoneycomb Monoliths Prepared by the Unidirectional Freeze-drying of Cellulose Nanofiber Based Sols: Method and Extensions

Monolithic honeycomb structures have been attractive to multidisciplinary fields due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Particularly, microhoneycomb monoliths (MHMs) with micrometer-scale channels are expected as efficient platforms for reactions and separations because of their large surface areas. Up to now, MHMs have been prepared by a unidirectional freeze-drying (UDF) method only from very limited precursors. Herein, we report a protocol from which a series of MHMs consisting of different components can be obtained. Recently, we found that cellulose nanofibers function as a distinct structure-directing agent towards the formation of MHMs through the UDF process. By mixing the cellulose nanofibers with water soluble substances which do not yield MHMs, a variety of composite MHMs can be prepared. This significantly enriches the chemical constitution of MHMs towards versatile applications.

Here, we present a general protocol to prepare a variety of microhoneycomb monoliths (MHMs) in which fluid can pass through with an extremely low pressure drop. MHMs obtained are expected to be used as filters, catalyst supports, flow-type electrodes, sensors and scaffolds for biomaterials.

Tek yönlü selüloz Nanofiber dağılması tarafından hazırlanan Microhoneycomb yekpare dayalı sıra: Yöntem ve uzantıları

Monolithic honeycomb structures have been attractive to multidisciplinary fields due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Particularly, microhoneycomb ...

Manufacturing of a Nafion-coated, Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Chemiresistive Sensor to Monitor pH in Real-time During Microbial Fermentation

Here, we report the engineering of a solid-state micro pH sensor based on polyaniline-functionalized, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO-PA). Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide acts as the conducting layer and polyaniline acts as a pH-sensitive layer. The pH-dependent conductivity of polyaniline occurs by doping of holes during protonation and by the dedoping of holes during deprotonation. We found that an ERGO-PA solid-state electrode was not functional as such in fermentation processes. The electrochemically active species that the bacteria produce during the fermentation process interfere with the electrode response. We successfully applied Nafion as a proton-conducting layer over ERGO-PA. The Nafion-coated electrodes (ERGO-PA-NA) show a good sensitivity of 1.71 &#937;/pH (pH 4 - 9) for chemiresistive sensor measurements. We tested the ERGO-PA-NA electrode in real-time in the fermentation of Lactococcus lactis. During the growth of L. lactis, the pH of the medium changed from pH 7.2 to pH 4.8 and the resistance of the ERGO-PA-NA solid-state electrode changed from 294.5 &#937; to 288.6 &#937; (5.9 &#937; per 2.4 pH unit). The pH response of the ERGO-PA-NA electrode compared with the response of a conventional glass-based pH electrode shows that reference-less solid-state microsensor arrays operate successfully in a microbiological fermentation.

Here, we report the protocol for the fabrication of a Nafion-coated, polyaniline-functionalized, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide chemiresistive micro pH sensor. This chemiresistor-based, solid-state micro pH sensor can detect pH changes in real-time during a Lactococcus lactis fermentation process.

Nafion kaplı imalatı, mikrobiyal fermantasyon sırasında gerçek zamanlı monitör pH grafen oksit/Polyaniline Chemiresistive sensör azaltılmış

Here, we report the engineering of a solid-state micro pH sensor based on polyaniline-functionalized, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO-PA). ...

Environmental Dynamic Mechanical Analysis to Predict the Softening Behavior of Neural Implants

When using dynamically softening substrates for neural implants, it is important to have a reliable in vitro method to characterize the softening behavior of these materials. In the past, it has not been possible to satisfactorily measure the softening of thin films under conditions mimicking body environment without substantial effort. This publication presents a new and simple method that allows dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of polymers in solutions, such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS), at relevant temperatures. The use of environmental DMA allows measurement of the softening effects of polymers due to plasticization in various media and temperatures, which therefore allows a prediction of the materials behavior under in vivo conditions.

To allow reliable predictions of the softening of polymeric substrates for neural implants in an in vivo environment, it is important to have a reliable in vitro method. Here, the use of dynamic mechanical analysis in phosphate buffered saline at body temperature is presented.

Sinirsel implantları yumuşatma davranışını tahmin etmek için çevre dinamik mekanik analiz

When using dynamically softening substrates for neural implants, it is important to have a reliable in vitro method to characterize the softening behavior ...

Establishing an Octopus Ecosystem for Biomedical and Bioengineering Research

Many developments in biomedical research have been inspired by discovering anatomical and cellular mechanisms that support specific functions in different species. The octopus is one of these exceptional animals that has given scientists new insights into the fields of neuroscience, robotics, regenerative medicine, and prosthetics. Research with this species of cephalopods requires the set-up of complex facilities and intensive care for both the octopus and its ecosystem that is critical for the project&#39;s success. This system requires multiple mechanical and biological filtering systems to provide a safe and clean environment for the animal. Along with the control system, specialized routine maintenance and cleaning are required to effectively keep the facility operating long term. It is advised to provide an enriched environment to these intelligent animals by changing the tank&#39;s landscape, incorporating a variety of prey, and introducing challenging tasks for them to work through. Our results include MRI and a whole-body autofluorescence imaging as well as behavioral studies to better understand their nervous system. Octopuses possess unique physiology that can impact many areas of biomedical research. Providing them with a sustainable ecosystem is the first crucial step in uncovering their distinct capabilities.

Understanding the unique physiological and anatomical structures of octopuses can greatly impact biomedical research. This guide demonstrates how to set-up and maintain a marine environment to accommodate this species and includes state-of-the-art imaging and analytical approaches to visualize octopus' nervous system anatomy and function.

Biyomedikal ve Biyomühendislik Araştırmaları için Ahtapot Ekosistemi Kurulması

Many developments in biomedical research have been inspired by discovering anatomical and cellular mechanisms that support specific functions in different ...