Yazarlar, Streptococcus pneumoniae'ninklinik suşlarını hediye eden Pennsylvania Üniversitesi'nden Dr. Jeffery Weiser'a teşekkür etmek istiyor. Bu çalışma Kanada Sağlık Araştırmaları Enstitüleri tarafından finanse edildi. CV, M. G. DeGroote bursu ve Kanada Toraks Derneği'nden bir burs tarafından finanse edildi. Bu çalışma Ontario Akciğer Derneği ve Kanada Sağlık Araştırmaları Enstitüleri (CIHR) tarafından finanse edildi. Bowdish laboratuvarındaki çalışmalar kısmen Michael G. DeGroote Bulaşıcı Hastalık Araştırmaları Merkezi ve McMaster İmmünoloji Araştırma Merkezi tarafından desteklenmektedir.

<ol>
	<li>Bogaert, D., de Groot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+colonisation:+the+key+to+pneumococcal+disease.">Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease.</a> Lancet Infect. Dis. 4, 144-154 (2004).</li><li>Kadioglu, A., Weiser, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+virulence+factors+in+host+respiratory+colonization+and+disease.">The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease.</a> Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6 (4), 288-301 (2008).</li><li>McCool, T. L., Cate, T. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immune+response+to+pneumococcal+proteins+during+experimental+human+carriage.">The immune response to pneumococcal proteins during experimental human carriage.</a> J. Exp. Med. 195, 359-365 (2002).</li><li>Nelson, A., Roche, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Capsule+enhances+pneumococcal+colonisation+by+limiting+mucus-mediated+clearance.">Capsule enhances pneumococcal colonisation by limiting mucus-mediated clearance.</a> Infect. Immun. 75, 83-90 (2007).</li><li>van Rossum, A., Lysenko, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host+and+bacterial+factors+contributing+to+the+clearance+of+colonisation+by+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+a+murine+model.">Host and bacterial factors contributing to the clearance of colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a murine model.</a> Infect. Immun. 73, 7718-7726 (2005).</li><li>Barocchi, M. A., Ries, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pneumococcal+pilus+influences+virulence+and+host+inflammatory+responses.">A pneumococcal pilus influences virulence and host inflammatory responses.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 2857-2862 (2006).</li><li>Malley, R., Henneke, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognition+of+pneumolysin+by+Toll-like+receptor+4+confers+resistance+to+pneumococcal+infection.">Recognition of pneumolysin by Toll-like receptor 4 confers resistance to pneumococcal infection.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 1966-1971 (2003).</li><li>McCool, T. L., Weiser, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limited+role+of+antibody+in+clearance+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+a+murine+model+of+colonization.">Limited role of antibody in clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a murine model of colonization.</a> Infect. Immun. 72, 5807-5813 (2004).</li><li>Gingles, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+genetic+resistance+in+invasive+pneumococcal+infection:+identification+and+study+of+susceptibility+and+resistance+in+inbred+mouse+strains.">Role of genetic resistance in invasive pneumococcal infection: identification and study of susceptibility and resistance in inbred mouse strains.</a> Infect. Immun. 69 (1), 426-434 (2001).</li><li>Jeong, D., Jeong, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Difference+in+resistance+to+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+infection+in+mice.">Difference in resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice.</a> Lab Anim. Res. 27, 91-98 (2011).</li><li>Wu, H. Y., Virolainen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+nasopharyngeal+colonization+model+in+adult+mice.">Establishment of a Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization model in adult mice.</a> Microb. Pathog. 23, 127-137 (1997).</li><li>Southam, D. S., Dolovich, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distribution+of+intranasal+instillations+in+mice:+effects+of+volume,+time,+body+position.">Distribution of intranasal instillations in mice: effects of volume, time, body position.</a> Lung Physiol. 282, 833-839 (2002).</li><li>Miller, M. A., Stabenow, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+Murine+Intranasal+Dosing+Efficiency+Using+Luminescent+Francisella+tularensis:+Effect+of+Instillation+Volume+and+Form+of+Anesthesia.">Visualization of Murine Intranasal Dosing Efficiency Using Luminescent Francisella tularensis: Effect of Instillation Volume and Form of Anesthesia.</a> PLoS ONE. 7 (2), (2012).</li><li>Briles, D. E., Novak, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+Colonization+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+includes+subpopulations+of+surface+and+invasive+pneumococci.">Nasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae includes subpopulations of surface and invasive pneumococci.</a> Infect. Immun. 73 (10), 6945-6951 (2005).</li><li>Wu, H. -. Y., Virolainen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+nasopharyngeal+colonization+model+in+adult+mice.">Establishment of a Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization model in adult mice.</a> Microb. Pathog. 23, 127-137 (1997).</li><li>Mo, Y., Wan, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+reverse+transcription-PCR+and+real-time+PCR+in+nanotoxicity+research.">Application of reverse transcription-PCR and real-time PCR in nanotoxicity research.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 926, 99-112 (2012).</li><li>Kuper, C. F., Koornstra, P. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+nasopharyngeal+lymphoid+tissue.">The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue.</a> Trends Immunol. 13, 219-224 (1992).</li><li>Zhang, Q., Leong, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+regulatory+T+cells+in+nasal+associated+lymphoid+tissue+in+children:+relationships+with+pneumococcal+colonization.">Characterisation of regulatory T cells in nasal associated lymphoid tissue in children: relationships with pneumococcal colonization.</a> PLoS Pathog. 7, (2011).</li><li>Briles, D. E., Novak, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+colonization+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+includes+subpopulations+of+surface+and+invasive+pneumococci.">Nasal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae includes subpopulations of surface and invasive pneumococci.</a> Infect. Immun. 73, 6945-6951 (2005).</li><li>Weinberger, D. M., Trzcinski, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pneumococcal+capsular+polysaccharide+structure+predicts+serotype+prevalence.">Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide structure predicts serotype prevalence.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, (2009).</li><li>Bryant, W. P., J, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Which+Pneumococcal+Serogroups+Cause+the+Most+Invasive+Disease:+Implications+for+Conjugate+Vaccine+Formulation+and+Use,+Part+I..">Which Pneumococcal Serogroups Cause the Most Invasive Disease: Implications for Conjugate Vaccine Formulation and Use, Part I..</a> Clin. Infect. Dis. 30, 100-121 (2000).</li><li>Hausdorff, W. P., Feikin, D. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiological+differences+among+pneumococcal+serotypes.">Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes.</a> Lancet Infect. Dis. 5, 83-93 (2005).</li><li>Brueggemann, A., Griffiths, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+Relationships+between+Invasive+and+Carriage+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+Serotype+and+Clone+Specific+Differences+in+Invasive+Disease+Potential.">Clonal Relationships between Invasive and Carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and Serotype and Clone Specific Differences in Invasive Disease Potential.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 187, 1424-1432 (2003).</li><li>Mohler, J., Azoulay-Dupis, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strain-dependent+lung+inflammatory+responses+in+a+murine+model+of+pneumococcal+pneumonia.">Streptococcus pneumoniae strain-dependent lung inflammatory responses in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia.</a> Intensive Care Med. 29, 808-816 (2003).</li><li>Wu, H. Y., Virolainen, A., Mathews, B., King, J., Russell, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+nasopharyngeal+colonization+model+in+adult+mice.">Establishment of a Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization model in adult mice.</a> Microb. Pathog. 23, 127-137 (1997).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Clarke, T. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+effectors+mediating+Th17-dependent+clearance+of+pneumococcal+colonization+in+mice.">Cellular effectors mediating Th17-dependent clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 119, 1899-1909 (2009).</li><li>Parker, D., Martin, F. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+DNA+initiates+type+I+interferon+signaling+in+the+respiratory+tract.">Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA initiates type I interferon signaling in the respiratory tract.</a> MBio. 2, (2011).</li><li>Haya, D. L., Camilli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+identification+of+serotype+4+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+virulence+factors.">Large-scale identification of serotype 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors.</a> Mol. Microbiol. 45, 1389-1406 (2002).</li><li>Nakamura, S., Favis, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+stimulation+of+type+I+interferons+during+influenza+virus+coinfection+promotes+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+colonization+in+mice.">Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 121, 3657-3665 (2011).</li><li>Kim, J. O., Weiser, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+intrastrain+phase+variation+in+quantity+of+capsular+polysaccharide+and+teichoic+acid+with+the+virulence+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae.">Association of intrastrain phase variation in quantity of capsular polysaccharide and teichoic acid with the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 177, 368-377 (1998).</li><li>Roche, A. M., King, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+attenuated+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strains+induce+serotype-independent+mucosal+and+systemic+protection+in+mice.">Live attenuated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains induce serotype-independent mucosal and systemic protection in mice.</a> Infect. Immun. 75, 2469-2475 (2007).</li><li>Cohen, J. M., Khandavalli, S., Camberlein, E., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Brown, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+contributions+against+invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+pneumonia+of+antibody+and+Th17-Cell+responses+to+nasopharyngeal+colonisation.">Protective contributions against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia of antibody and Th17-Cell responses to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (10), (2011).</li><li>Cohen, J. M., Khandavalli, S., Camberlein, E., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Brown, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+contributions+against+invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+pneumonia+of+antibody+and+Th17-Cell+responses+to+nasopharyngeal+colonisation.">Protective contributions against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia of antibody and Th17-Cell responses to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (10), (2011).</li><li>Richards, L., Ferreira, D. M., Miyaji, E. N., Andrew, P. W., Kadioglu, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immunising+effect+of+pneumococcal+nasopharyngeal+colonisation;+protection+against+future+colonisation+and+fatal+invasive+disease.">The immunising effect of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonisation; protection against future colonisation and fatal invasive disease.</a> Immunobiology. , 215-251 (2010).</li><li>Lanie, J. A., Ng, W. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequence+of+Avery's+virulent+serotype+2+strain+D39+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+comparison+with+that+of+unencapsulated+laboratory+strain+R6.">Genome sequence of Avery's virulent serotype 2 strain D39 of Streptococcus pneumoniae and comparison with that of unencapsulated laboratory strain R6.</a> J. Bacteriol. 189, 38-51 (2007).</li><li>Robertson, G. T., Ng, W. L., Foley, J., Gilmour, R., Winkler, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+transcriptional+analysis+of+clpP+mutations+of+type+2+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+their+effects+on+physiology+and.">Global transcriptional analysis of clpP mutations of type 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae and their effects on physiology and.</a> 184, 3508-3520 (2002).</li><li>Orihuela, C. J., Gao, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-specific+contributions+of+pneumococcal+virulence+factors+to+pathogenesis.">Tissue-specific contributions of pneumococcal virulence factors to pathogenesis.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 190, 1661-1669 (2004).</li><li>Orihuela, C. J., Gao, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ-specific+models+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+disease.">Organ-specific models of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease.</a> Scand. J. Infect. D. 35, 647-652 (2003).</li><li>Swirski, F. K., Nahrendorf, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+splenic+reservoir+monocytes+and+their+deployment+to+inflammatory+sites.">Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites.</a> Science. 325, 612-616 (2009).</li></ol>

Yazarların açıklayacak bir şeyi yok.

Bu çalışmada, Streptococcus pneumoniae'nin klinik bir izole suşu kullanılarak farelerin intranazal kolonizasyonu ve bakteriye yanıt olarak nazofarenkse alınan bağışıklık hücrelerinin izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonu için ayrıntılı yöntemler sunduk. Bakteriyel bir inoculumun besin bakımından zengin medyada nasıl kültürlendirilebileceğini ve başlangıçta nazofarenks ile sınırlı olan farelerde bir kolonileşme olayı oluşturmak için nasıl kullanılabileceğini gösterdik. Daha sonra na...

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog Number</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse Ly6C FITC</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td>553104</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse Ly6G PE</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD45.1 eFluor 450</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>48-0453-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse F4/80 Antigen APC</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>17-4801-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD11c PerCP-Cy5.5</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>45-0114-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD11b PE-Cy7</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>25-0112-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD3 Alexa Fluor 700</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>56-0032-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><a href="http://us.ebioscience.com/mouse-cd4-antibody-efluor-605nc-gk15.htm" target="_blank">Anti-Mouse CD4 eFluor 605NC</a></td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>93-0041-42</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Intramedic Polyethylene Tubing - PE20</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>427406</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BD 1ml Syringe</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>309659</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BD 26G3/8 Intradermal Bevel</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>305110</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Buffer RLT Lysis Buffer</td>
 <td>Qiagen</td>
 <td>79216</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Difco Tryptic Soy Agar</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>236950</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Defibrinated Sheep Blood</td>
 <td>PML Microbiologicals</td>
 <td>A0404</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RNAqueous-Micro Kit</td>
 <td>Ambion</td>
 <td>AM1931</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase</td>
 <td>New England Biolabs</td>
 <td>M0253L</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>GoTaq qPCR Master Mix</td>
 <td>Promega</td>
 <td>A6001</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

characterization of inflammatory responses during intranasal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae tarafından nazofarengeal kolonizasyon akciğerlere veya kan dolaşımına istilanın ön koşuludur1. Bu organizma, nazofarenksin mukozal yüzeyini kolonileştirebilir, burada konakçının diğer dokularına istila etmek için konak savunmalarını barındırabilir, çoğaltabilir ve sonunda üstesinden gelebilir. Normalde alt solunum yollarında bir enfeksiyonun kurulması zatürre ile sonuçlanır. Alternatif olarak, bakteriler kan dolaşımına yayılabilir ve yüksek ölüm oranları2ile ilişkili olan bakteriyemiye neden olabilir veya doğrudan pnömokok menenjitinin gelişmesine yol açabilir. Nazofarengeal kolonizasyonun kinetiğini ve immün yanıtlarını anlamak S. pneumoniae enfeksiyon modellerinin önemli bir yönüdür.
İntranazal kolonizasyon fare modelimiz insan modellerindenuyarlanmıştır 3 ve nazofarenks4-7konak-patojen yanıtlarının incelenmesinde birden fazla araştırma grubu tarafından kullanılmıştır. Modelin ilk bölümünde, insan yetişkinlerde taşıma olaylarına benzer, kendi kendini sınırlayan bir bakteri kolonizasyonu oluşturmak için S. pneumoniae'nin klinik bir izolesini kullanıyoruz. Burada ayrıntılı olarak açıklanan prosedür, bakteriyel bir inoculumun hazırlanmasını ve ardından inoculumun intranazal bir uygulama yolu ile teslim edilmesi yoluyla bir kolonileşme olayının kurulmasını içerir. Yerleşik makrofajlar, sabit durum sırasında nazofarenksteki baskın hücre tipidir. Tipik olarak, enfekte olmayan farelerde az sayıda lenfosit vardır8, ancak mukozal kolonizasyon, bağışıklık yanıtı ve daha sonra konak bağışıklık hücrelerinin işe alınmasıyla sonuçlanacak düşük ila yüksek dereceli inflamasyona (bakteri türlerinin ve suşunun virülansına bağlı olarak) yol açacaktır. Bu hücreler, nares yoluyla trakeal içeriğin bir lavajı ile izole edilebilir ve enfeksiyonun kinetiğini daha iyi anlamak için kolonizasyon bakterilerinin yoğunluğu ile ilişkilidir.

Şekil 1, protokolün ana adımlarını özetleyen bir genel bakış şemasını temsil eder. Şekil 2-3, burada açıklanan protokollere özgü mikrobiyolojik metodolojinin görselleştirilmesini sağlar. Şekil 4, intranazal kolonizasyon yapmak için bir farenin uygun şekilde konumlandırılmasını temsil ederken, Şekil 5 tipik olarak S. pneumoniae suşu P1547 ile kolonize edilen farelerin ağırlığındaki değişiklikleri gösterir. <str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae at JoVE.com

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Murine nazofarenksin Streptococcus pneumoniae ile kolonizasyonu ve daha sonra yapışık veya işe alınan hücrelerin çıkarılması açıklanmaktadır. Bu teknik, nazofarenksin yıkanmasını ve sıvının nares yoluyla toplanmasını içerir ve diferansiyel hücre niceliği ve mRNA ekspresyonunun yerinde analizi dedahil olmak üzere çeşitli okumalar için uyarlanabilir.

Streptococcus pneumoniae ile İntranazal Kolonizasyon Sırasında İnflamatuar Yanıtların Karakterizasyonu

Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite to invasion to the lungs or bloodstream1. This organism is capable of colonizing ...

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Immunology and Infection

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

12.1K Görüntüleme.  McMaster University. Murine nazofarenksin Streptococcus pneumoniae ile kolonizasyonu ve daha sonra yapışık veya işe alınan hücrelerin çıkarılması açıklanmaktadır. Bu teknik, nazofarenksin yıkanmasını ve sıvının nares yoluyla toplanmasını içerir ve diferansiyel hücre niceliği ve mRNA ekspresyonunun yerinde analizi dedahil olmak üzere çeşitli okumalar için uyarlanabilir.